CN115078985A - Fault detection device of relay - Google Patents
Fault detection device of relay Download PDFInfo
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- CN115078985A CN115078985A CN202210716422.3A CN202210716422A CN115078985A CN 115078985 A CN115078985 A CN 115078985A CN 202210716422 A CN202210716422 A CN 202210716422A CN 115078985 A CN115078985 A CN 115078985A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004148 unit process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
- G01R31/3275—Fault detection or status indication
Abstract
The invention provides a fault detection device of a relay, wherein a controller controls a pulse generator to generate pulse voltage to a first detection loop on a contact of the relay and a second detection loop on a relay load, determines an equivalent resistance value of the relay contact by acquiring a voltage value of a sampling point, determines the current state of the relay according to the equivalent resistance value, can diagnose the state of the relay before the system is connected with high voltage, and effectively reduces potential safety hazards of the high-voltage system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the electrical field, in particular to a fault detection device of a relay.
Background
With the increasing global environmental pollution and energy problems, the pure electric drive engineering machinery is more and more on the market. In addition, the requirement of people on endurance capacity is improved, the battery capacity is larger and larger, and the voltage is higher and higher. This places more stringent requirements on the safety check of the electrical system.
Relays play a crucial role in electrical control and safety protection. Due to the fact that the working environment of the engineering machinery is severe, after the electric system works for a period of time, overheating occurs, or voltage and current fluctuation causes the relay contact to be adhered, and the relay contact cannot be normally disconnected; meanwhile, due to the fact that the relay cannot be normally closed due to mechanical damage of the relay caused by shaking of the whole vehicle, the problem that the electric system of the whole vehicle cannot normally work and is difficult to locate is caused, and the working efficiency of the vehicle is reduced.
In view of this, the present application is presented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a fault detection device of a relay, and aims to solve the problem that a fault point in a system cannot be timely positioned in a low-voltage control high-voltage system of an existing vehicle.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fault detection device of a relay, which comprises: the relay load detection circuit comprises a controller, a first detection circuit on a contact of a relay and a second detection circuit on a relay load, wherein the first detection circuit and the second detection circuit share a pulse generator;
the input end of the controller is electrically connected with a first voltage sampling point at the joint of the first detection loop and the second detection loop, a second voltage sampling point on the first detection loop and a third voltage sampling point on the second detection loop, and the output end of the controller is electrically connected with the pulse generator;
wherein the controller is configured to implement the following steps by executing a computer program stored therein:
generating an enable signal to the pulse generator so that the pulse generator generates symmetrical pulse voltages to the first detection loop and the second detection loop;
acquiring a first voltage value of the first voltage sampling point, a second voltage value of the second voltage sampling point and a third voltage value of the third voltage sampling point;
calling an operation model of a first voltage sampling point, and operating the first voltage value, the second voltage value and the third voltage value to determine an equivalent resistance value of the relay contact;
and determining the working state of the relay according to the equivalent resistance value.
Preferably, the first detection circuit comprises: a first resistor and a second resistor;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the first contact of the relay, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the second resistor, the first end of the pulse generator is connected with the second contact of the relay, and the second end of the pulse generator is electrically connected with the second end of the second resistor through the sampling resistor.
Preferably, the second sampling point is located between the first resistance and the second resistance.
Preferably, the second detection circuit comprises: a third resistor and a fourth resistor;
the first end of the third resistor is connected with the first end of the load, the second end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the fourth resistor, the first end of the pulse generator is connected with the second end of the load, and the second end of the pulse generator is electrically connected with the second end of the fourth resistor through the sampling resistor.
Preferably, the third sampling point is located between the third resistor and the fourth resistor.
Preferably, the expression of the operational model of the first voltage sampling point is as follows:
wherein, U f Is the voltage value of the first sampling point, U S Is a pulse voltage value, R n Is an equivalent resistance value, R, between relay contacts p Is the resistance value of the load, U is the input high voltage value, R f For the resistance of the sampling resistor, R ═ R 1 +R 2 =R 3 +R 4 ,U s+ Positive value of the pulse voltage, Δ U s Difference of positive and negative pulses, Δ U f Sampling the resistance voltage difference value, U, for positive and negative pulses f+ The voltage value of the first sampling point under the positive pulse voltage.
Preferably, according to the equivalent resistance value, determining the working state of the relay specifically includes:
before the power-on instruction is issued:
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be infinite, defining that the relay is in a normal state;
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be close to zero, the relay is defined to be in an abnormal state;
after the power-on instruction is issued:
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be infinite, the relay is defined to be in an abnormal state;
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be close to zero, the relay is defined to be in a normal state;
after the power down command is issued:
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be infinite, defining that the relay is in a normal state;
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be close to zero, the relay is defined to be in an abnormal state;
preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
before a power-on instruction is sent out and when the relay is judged to be in an abnormal state, generating an indicating signal for indicating the adhesion of the relay;
when the relay is judged to be in a normal state, generating an indicating signal for indicating that the relay is allowed to be closed;
after a power-on instruction is sent out and when the relay is judged to be in an abnormal state, generating an indicating signal for indicating that the relay cannot be closed;
and after the power-off instruction is sent out and when the relay is judged to be in an abnormal state, generating an indicating signal for indicating the adhesion of the relay.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps of generating a control signal to a coil of the relay when a relay closing instruction is received:
obtaining the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact and the corresponding change rate and the closing and opening time of the contact,
and predicting the contact state of the relay, the service life of the relay and the corresponding failure fault according to the magnitude of the equivalent resistance value and the corresponding change rate and the closing and opening time of the contacts.
Preferably, the failure faults include mechanical failure and contact failure, and the contact state includes good, ablation, and fusion welding.
Based on the fault detection device of the relay, provided by the invention, the controller controls the pulse generator to generate pulse voltage to the first detection circuit on the contact of the relay and the second detection circuit on the relay load, determines the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact by acquiring the voltage value of the sampling point, determines the current state of the relay according to the equivalent resistance value, can diagnose the state of the relay before the system is connected with high voltage, and effectively reduces potential safety hazards of the high-voltage system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a fault detection device of a relay according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating steps performed by the controller according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a fault detection device of a relay 5, and aims to solve the problem that a fault point in a system cannot be timely positioned in a low-voltage control high-voltage system of an existing vehicle.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fault detection device of a relay, which comprises: a controller 3, a first detection circuit 1 on a contact of a relay 5 and a second detection circuit 2 on a load of the relay 5, wherein the first detection circuit 1 and the second detection circuit 2 share a pulse generator 4;
the input end of the controller 3 is electrically connected with a first voltage sampling point at the joint of the first detection loop 1 and the second detection loop 2, a second voltage sampling point on the first detection loop 1 and a third voltage sampling point on the second detection loop 2, and the output end of the controller 3 is electrically connected with the pulse generator 4;
wherein the controller 3 is configured to implement the following steps by executing a computer program stored therein:
s101, generating an enable signal to the pulse generator 4, so that the pulse generator 4 generates symmetrical pulse voltages to the first detection loop 1 and the second detection loop 2;
s102, acquiring a first voltage value of the first voltage sampling point, a second voltage value of the second voltage sampling point and a third voltage value of the third voltage sampling point;
s103, calling an operation model of a first voltage sampling point, operating the first voltage value, the second voltage value and the third voltage value, and determining an equivalent resistance value of a contact of the relay 5;
and S104, determining the working state of the relay 5 according to the equivalent resistance value.
It should be noted that the inventors found that there are two basic types of fault detection for the currently used relay 5:
the first method is to detect the voltage relationship between two contacts of the relay 5 to judge the working state of the relay 5, and the method depends on the high voltage of the system, so that the false alarm or the false alarm is easy to occur when the high voltage of the system is not connected or the voltage fluctuates, and the relay 5 cannot be detected before the high voltage of the system is connected.
The second type is judged according to the sound that produces when relay 5 opens and closes, because engineering machine tool operational environment's is abominable, and self can produce huge noise at the during operation, judges according to the sound that produces when relay 5 operating condition switches, also is not applicable to the detection of engineering machine tool electrical system relay 5 operating condition.
It can be seen that the two methods bring about the situation of false alarm or no alarm when the working state of the relay 5 is detected, the reliability requirement cannot be met, the system can not work normally, and potential safety hazards are brought to drivers and passengers.
In this embodiment, by utilizing the characteristics that the equivalent resistance value of the contact of the relay 5 is close to zero when being closed and the equivalent resistance value of the contact of the relay 5 is close to infinity in the open state, the controller 3 controls the pulse generator 4 to generate pulse voltages to the first detection circuit 1 on the contact of the relay 5 and the second detection circuit 2 on the load of the relay 5, determines the equivalent resistance value of the contact of the relay 5 by acquiring the voltage value of the sampling point, and determines the current state of the relay 5 according to the equivalent resistance value, so that the state of the relay 5 can be diagnosed before the system is connected to a high voltage.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in this embodiment, the process of receiving high voltage at the system includes the following steps:
the system receives an upper high pressure instruction;
the controller 3 sends an enabling instruction to enable the pulse generator 4 to generate a symmetrical pulse voltage;
an ADC acquisition unit of the controller 3 acquires a sampling point voltage signal and sends the signal to a calculation unit;
the calculating unit processes the received voltage information, the control unit performs comprehensive analysis according to a system instruction and a relay 5 processing result, judges the working state of the relay 5, and sends a system normal instruction and allows the relay 5 to be closed when the relay 5 is judged to be in an open state, specifically, in the embodiment, when the equivalent resistance value of the contact of the relay 5 is judged to be infinite, the relay 5 is defined to be in a normal state (namely, an open state); when the equivalent resistance value of the relay 5 contact is judged to be close to zero (namely, closed state), the relay 5 is defined to be in an abnormal state.
Finally, whether the relay 5 is normally closed or not is judged according to the equivalent resistance value between the contacts of the relay 5, if the relay 5 is normally closed, the normal information of the system is reported, and if the relay 5 cannot be normally closed, the fault that the relay 5 cannot be closed is reported, and the whole vehicle is not allowed to be supplied with high voltage; specifically, in the present embodiment, when it is determined that the relay 5 is in the normal state, an indication signal for indicating that the relay 5 is allowed to be closed is generated; when a closing instruction of the relay 5 is received, a control signal is generated to a coil of the relay 5, and when the relay 5 is judged to be normally closed, an indication signal for indicating the system to be normal is generated
Of course, in this embodiment, when the relay 5 is determined to be in the closed state, the high voltage is not allowed to be applied, and the adhesion fault information of the relay 5 is reported.
In this embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps:
the system receives a high-voltage command;
the controller 3 sends an enabling instruction to enable the pulse generator 4 to generate a symmetrical pulse voltage;
an ADC acquisition unit of the controller 3 acquires a sampling point voltage signal and sends the signal to a calculation unit;
the calculation unit processes the received voltage information, the control unit analyzes the processing result of the relay 5, judges the working state of the relay 5, and sends the system normal information of the relay 5 when the relay 5 is judged to be in the off state; and when the relay 5 is judged to be in the closed state, reporting the adhesion fault information of the relay 5.
In a possible embodiment of the present invention, after the step of generating the control signal to the coil of the relay 5 when receiving the relay 5 closing command, the method further includes:
the magnitude of the equivalent resistance value of the relay 5 contact and the corresponding rate of change and the time for closing and opening the contact are obtained,
the contact state of the relay 5, the service life of the relay 5 and the corresponding failure faults are predicted according to the magnitude of the equivalent resistance value and the corresponding change rate and the closing and opening time of the contacts.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the contact state of the relay 5 may be determined by determining the magnitude of the equivalent resistance value after the contact of the relay 5 is closed, and specifically, for example, the equivalent resistance value may be defined as good in a first interval, may be defined as ablation in a second interval, and may be defined as welding in a third interval.
In the present embodiment, the failure fault may include a mechanical failure and a contact failure, wherein when the equivalent resistance value increases to a certain extent, it may be defined as a contact failure, and when it is determined that the relay 5 cannot be attracted, or a spring failure may be defined as a mechanical failure.
In the present embodiment, the larger the equivalent resistance value is, the shorter the time for which the relay 5 is used is, that is, or the shorter the service life thereof is, the reason for this is that: due to the increase in resistance, the amount of heat generation also increases, which may have a great adverse effect on the use of the relay 5.
In a possible embodiment of the invention, the first detection circuit 1 comprises: a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2;
the first end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the first contact of the relay 5, the second end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected with the first end of the second resistor R2, the first end of the pulse generator 4 is connected with the second contact of the relay 5, and the second end of the pulse generator 4 is electrically connected with the second end of the second resistor R2 through a sampling resistor.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the first detection circuit 1 may also be formed by other circuits, which are not specifically limited herein, but these schemes are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the second sampling point is located between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and of course, the second sampling point may be disposed before the first resistor R1, which is not limited herein.
In a possible embodiment of the invention, the second detection circuit 2 comprises: a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4;
the first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first end of the load, the second end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the first end of the fourth resistor R4, the first end of the pulse generator 4 is connected to the second end of the load, and the second end of the pulse generator 4 is electrically connected to the second end of the fourth resistor R4 through a sampling resistor.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the second detection circuit 2 may also be formed by other circuits, which are not specifically limited herein, but these schemes are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
In one possible embodiment of the present invention, the expression of the operation model of the first voltage sampling point is:
wherein, U f Is the voltage value of the first sampling point, U S Is a pulse voltage value, R n Is an equivalent resistance value, R, between the contacts of the relay 5 p Is the resistance value of the load, U is the input high voltage value, R f For the resistance of the sampling resistor, R ═ R 1 +R 2 =R 3 +R 4 ,U s+ Positive value of the pulse voltage, Δ U s Difference of positive and negative pulses, Δ U f Sampling the resistance voltage difference value, U, for positive and negative pulses f+ The voltage value of the first sampling point under the positive pulse voltage.
It should be noted that U is obtained based on the voltage values of the third sampling point and the second sampling point, where the resistance value of the load may also be converted according to the operation model of the first voltage sampling point, and the specific expression is as follows:
specifically, the technical scheme shows that the invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1. the relay state detection method has the advantages that the detection of the working state of the relay when the system is not connected with high voltage can be realized, the mobility and the applicability are high, the relay state can be diagnosed before the system is connected with high voltage, and potential safety hazards of the high-voltage system are effectively reduced.
2. By calculating the equivalent resistance value between the two contacts of the relay, the working reliability of the system can be effectively improved, and the condition of misinformation or failure of the alarm can be completely avoided.
And 3, predicting the residual service life of the relay and judging the failure fault of the relay by calculating the contact resistance of two contacts of the relay, the variation trend of the contact resistance and the closing and opening reaction time of the contact resistance.
4. The structure is simple, the realization is easy, the control part can be integrated in the existing controller of the whole vehicle, and the cost of software and hardware of the system is effectively reduced.
Based on the fault detection device of the relay provided by the invention, the controller 3 controls the pulse generator 4 to generate pulse voltage to the first detection circuit 1 on the contact of the relay 5 and the second detection circuit 2 on the load of the relay 5, determines the equivalent resistance value of the contact of the relay 5 by acquiring the voltage value of a sampling point, determines the current state of the relay 5 according to the equivalent resistance value, can diagnose the state of the relay 5 before the system is connected with high voltage, and effectively reduces potential safety hazards of the high-voltage system.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fault detection device for a relay, comprising: the relay load detection circuit comprises a controller, a first detection circuit on a contact of a relay and a second detection circuit on a relay load, wherein the first detection circuit and the second detection circuit share a pulse generator;
the input end of the controller is electrically connected with a first voltage sampling point at the joint of the first detection loop and the second detection loop, a second voltage sampling point on the first detection loop and a third voltage sampling point on the second detection loop, and the output end of the controller is electrically connected with the pulse generator;
wherein the controller is configured to implement the following steps by executing a computer program stored therein:
generating an enable signal to the pulse generator so that the pulse generator generates symmetrical pulse voltages to the first detection loop and the second detection loop;
acquiring a first voltage value of the first voltage sampling point, a second voltage value of the second voltage sampling point and a third voltage value of the third voltage sampling point;
calling an operation model of a first voltage sampling point, and operating the first voltage value, the second voltage value and the third voltage value to determine an equivalent resistance value of the relay contact;
and determining the working state of the relay according to the equivalent resistance value.
2. The fault detection device of a relay according to claim 1, wherein the first detection circuit comprises: a first resistor and a second resistor;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the first contact of the relay, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the second resistor, the first end of the pulse generator is connected with the second contact of the relay, and the second end of the pulse generator is electrically connected with the second end of the second resistor through the sampling resistor.
3. The relay fault detection device of claim 2, wherein the second sampling point is located between the first resistor and the second resistor.
4. The fault detection device of a relay according to claim 2, wherein the second detection circuit comprises: a third resistor and a fourth resistor;
the first end of the third resistor is connected with the first end of the load, the second end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the fourth resistor, the first end of the pulse generator is connected with the second end of the load, and the second end of the pulse generator is electrically connected with the second end of the fourth resistor through the sampling resistor.
5. The relay fault detection device of claim 4, wherein the third sampling point is located between the third resistor and the fourth resistor.
6. The relay fault detection device according to claim 1, wherein the expression of the operational model of the first voltage sampling point is as follows:
wherein, U f Is the voltage value of the first sampling point, U S Is a pulse voltage value, R n Is an equivalent resistance value, R, between relay contacts p Is the resistance value of the load, U is the input high voltage value, R f For the resistance of the sampling resistor, R ═ R 1 +R 2 =R 3 +R 4 ,U s+ Positive value of the pulse voltage, Δ U s Difference of positive and negative pulses, Δ U f Sampling the resistance voltage difference value, U, for positive and negative pulses f+ The voltage value of the first sampling point under the positive pulse voltage.
7. The fault detection device of a relay according to claim 1, wherein determining the operating state of the relay according to the equivalent resistance value specifically includes:
before the power-on instruction is issued:
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be infinite, defining that the relay is in a normal state;
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be close to zero, the relay is defined to be in an abnormal state;
after the power-on instruction is issued:
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be infinite, defining that the relay is in an abnormal state;
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be close to zero, the relay is defined to be in a normal state;
after the power down command is issued:
when the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is judged to be infinite, defining that the relay is in a normal state;
and when judging that the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact is close to zero, defining that the relay is in an abnormal state.
8. The fault detection device of a relay according to claim 7, further comprising:
before a power-on instruction is sent out and when the relay is judged to be in an abnormal state, generating an indicating signal for indicating the adhesion of the relay;
when the relay is judged to be in a normal state, generating an indicating signal for indicating that the relay is allowed to be closed;
after a power-on instruction is sent out and when the relay is judged to be in an abnormal state, generating an indicating signal for indicating that the relay cannot be closed;
and after the power-off instruction is sent out and when the relay is judged to be in an abnormal state, generating an indicating signal for indicating the adhesion of the relay.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the step of generating a control signal to the coil of the relay upon receiving a relay closing command further comprises:
obtaining the equivalent resistance value of the relay contact, the corresponding change rate and the closing and opening time of the contact;
and predicting the contact state of the relay, the service life of the relay and the corresponding failure fault according to the magnitude of the equivalent resistance value and the corresponding change rate and the closing and opening time of the contacts.
10. The fault detection device of a relay according to claim 9, wherein the failure faults include mechanical failure and contact failure, and the contact state includes good, ablation and fusion welding.
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CN115963393B (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2024-01-05 | 江苏纳通能源技术有限公司 | Contact adhesion misjudgment and contact adhesion detection circuit and method |
CN117250497A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-19 | 苏州联讯仪器股份有限公司 | Relay self-checking circuit and power supply equipment |
CN117250497B (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2024-04-09 | 苏州联讯仪器股份有限公司 | Relay self-checking circuit and power supply equipment |
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