CN115076713A

CN115076713A - Power recording and air ratio control by means of sensors in the combustion chamber

Info

Publication number: CN115076713A
Application number: CN202210256839.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: R·洛克施米德
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens AG
Priority date: 2021-03-16
Filing date: 2022-03-16
Publication date: 2022-09-20
Also published as: EP4060233A1; ES2957808T3; EP4060232A1; PL4060233T3; ES2953159T3; CN115076714A; EP4060232B1; EP4060233B1; PL4060232T3

Abstract

Power recording and air ratio regulation by means of sensors in the combustion chamber. A method for regulating a combustion apparatus comprising a combustion chamber and a first temperature sensor in the combustion chamber and a second temperature sensor in the combustion chamber, the method comprising the steps of: recording a first signal of a first temperature sensor and a second signal of a second temperature sensor; determining a first combustion power as a function of the first signal using a first characteristic curve which describes the course of the combustion power as a function of the signal of the first temperature sensor for the first temperature sensor; determining a second combustion power as a function of the second signal using a second characteristic curve, which specifies the course of the combustion power as a function of the signal of the second temperature sensor for the second temperature sensor; the current combustion power of the combustion device is determined as a function of the first and second combustion powers.

Description

Power recording and air factor control by means of sensors in the combustion chamber

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to control and/or regulation for use in conjunction with combustion sensors in combustion devices, such as gas burners. The combustion sensor in the combustion device is for example an ionizing electrode and/or an optical sensor. The present disclosure relates particularly to regulation and/or control of a combustion device in the presence of hydrogen.

Background

During operation of the combustion system, the combustion power of the combustion system must be known and/or must be adjusted. For the combustion of hydrocarbons or pure hydrogen or a mixture of the two, the air supply and the fuel supply must be adjusted to one another. Thereby, the correct air factor λ is achieved.

Furthermore, external influences may influence the air ratio and/or the combustion power. Such external influences are, for example, the inlet pressure of the fuel, in particular of the fuel gas, and the fuel composition. Other examples of external influences are ambient temperature, ambient pressure and variations in the intake path of the combustion device and in the exhaust path of the combustion device.

In addition to the sensors mentioned, such sensors for monitoring the flame in a safe and cost-effective manner can be included in the regulation of the combustion power and/or the air ratio of the combustion device.

Hitherto, for the combustion of pure hydrogen in combustion plants, optical flame monitoring has been used. At the same time, optical sensors for recording signals during combustion are expensive.

Thermocouples and/or resistance temperature sensors are also conceivable as sensors for recording the signal of the combustion. The thermocouple and/or the resistance temperature sensor are thermally coupled to the combustion feed air and/or mixture and/or exhaust gas and/or plasma at the combustion device. The thermocouple and/or the resistance temperature sensor are also thermally coupled to the mechanical mount. With those couplings, thermocouples and/or resistance temperature sensors have heretofore tended to be too slow for monitoring of the fuel process.

In particular, such elements and sensors tend to be slow for monitoring the flame in a combustion device.

The European patent application EP1154202A2 was filed on 27.4.2001 by Siemens BUILDING and technology AG. This application was published on 11/14/2001. EP1154202a2 discusses a regulating device for a burner. EP1154202a2 claims priority on 5/12/2000. EP1154202a2 obtains the granted european patent EP1154202B 1. Patent text EP1154202B2 also follows the objectification procedure.

EP1154202B2 distinguishes fuel gases of low heating value from those of high heating value. To distinguish the two fuel gases, two characteristic curves are used. These two characteristic curves are each associated with a control signal for the actuating mechanism of the combustion device as a function of the fan speed of the combustion device. In order to regulate the combustion device, the control signals corresponding to these characteristic curves are weighted.

EP1154202B2 also claims: additional sensors are used to regulate the combustion device. Those additional sensors influence the state of the adjusting mechanism of the combustion device depending on their sensor result. EP1154202B2 mentions changes in boiler temperature as examples of measurement data obtained from those additional sensors.

EBM PAPST Lantshut GmbH (EBM PAPST LANDSHUT GMBH) filed patent application DE102004030300A1 on 23.6.2004. This application was published on 2006, month 1 and day 12. DE102004030300a1 discusses a method for adjusting operating parameters of a combustion device.

DE102004030300a1 discloses a mixing zone into which an air supply and a gas supply lead. From which a line leads. The conduit ends in a burner section. The flame is disposed above the burner portion. The temperature sensor is selectively disposed on a surface of the combustor section. The temperature sensor may also be arranged at other locations within the operating range of the flame. The temperature sensor may be used here

-is arranged in the flame kernel,

-is arranged at the flame foot point,

-is arranged at the flame tip,

however, it can also be arranged at a distance from the flame, for example on the burner plate itself. The maximum temperature value and the associated mixing ratio are determined by determining and recording the actual temperature measured in the operating range of the burner flame, which is dependent on the adjusted mixing ratio.

EBM PAPST Langthutt Co., Ltd filed another patent application DE102004055716A1 on

month

11 and 18 of 2004. This application was published on 1/12 2006. DE102004055716a1 discusses a method for regulating and controlling a combustion device. DE102004055716a1 claims priority on 6/23/2004.

DE102004055716a1 likewise discloses a mixing region into which the air supply and the gas supply lead. From which a line leads. The conduit ends in a burner section. The flame is disposed above the burner portion. The temperature sensor can be arranged, for example, in the region of the flame, but can also be arranged on the burner in the vicinity of the flame. For example, a thermocouple may also be used as a temperature sensor. DE102004055716A1 teaches that the temperature T to be generated by the combustion device _ist Adjusted to a target temperature T _soll . Here, a characteristic curve is used, which describes the target temperature T _soll Depending on the air mass flow and/or the load of the combustion device. The air factor lambda remains constant as a further parameter.

International patent application WO2006/000367A1 was filed on 20.6.2005 by EBM PAPST Langtz Hote. This application was published on 2006, month 1 and day 5. WO2006/000367A1 discusses a method for adjusting the air coefficient at a combustion device. WO2006/000367A1 claims priority on 6/23 of 2004.

WO2006/000367A1 likewise discloses a mixing region into which an air supply and a gas supply lead. From which a line leads. The conduit ends in a burner section. The flame is disposed above the burner portion. The temperature sensor can be arranged, for example, in the region of the flame, but can also be arranged on the burner in the vicinity of the flame. For example, a thermocouple may also be used as a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is selectively disposed on a surface of the combustor section. The temperature sensor may also be arranged at other locations within the operating range of the flame. The temperature sensor may be used here

-is arranged in the flame kernel,

-is arranged at the flame foot point,

-is arranged at the flame tip,

however, it can also be arranged at a distance from the flame, for example on the burner plate itself. The method in WO2006/000367A1 is based on: actual temperature T recorded by a temperature sensor _ist Depending on the air factor lambda. The actual temperature reaches a maximum value T at λ = 1 _max . Now, for a predetermined air mass flow m _L In other words, the maximum value T is determined by means of a temperature sensor _max The gas mass flow is iteratively adapted. Then, the air factor is preferably set to λ = 1.3 and the air mass flow m is correspondingly increased _L 。

International patent application WO2015/113638A1 was filed on 3.2.2014 by Elex electric APPLIANCES, Inc. (ELECTROLLUX APPLIANCES AB, SE). This application was published on 8/6 of 2015. WO2015/113638a1 teaches a gas burner application and a gas cooking device.

WO2015/113638a1 discloses a monitoring device whereby the gas supply is shut off in the absence of a flame. To this end, the monitoring device cooperates with a shut-off device comprising a valve. The monitoring device may include a thermocouple or other sensor. Therefore, the monitoring device is safe.

Japanese patent application JP2017040451A was filed 2015 on 8/21 days by energy efficiency Co., Ltd (NORITZ CORP). This application was published in 2017 on 2/23. JP2017040451A discusses a combustion apparatus.

JP2017040451A is particularly directed to detecting the flame temperature taking into account the delay of the respective sensor. Thermocouples and thermistors are referred to as sensors. To account for those delays, a prediction unit is used. The prediction unit determines a value by multiplying a difference between a past recorded temperature and a current temperature by a coefficient. That value is added to the currently recorded temperature. The coefficients required for determining that value depend on the delay time and a predefined time period.

The delay of the sensor is included in the 2020 RTD platinum sensor Specification for IST. The response time until the sensor tracks 63% of the temperature change due to the delay varies between 2.5 and 40 seconds. Typically, the response time depends on the size of the respective sensor.

The combustion device can be adjusted taking into account the pneumatic gas-air complex and/or the electronic complex. Technically, modulation ranges from one to seven are usually achieved with pneumatic gas-air complexes.

No actually usable signal is formed at the ionizing electrode when pure hydrogen is combusted. Therefore, ionizing electrodes are hardly suitable for recording signals when pure hydrogen is burned. Therefore, up to now, electronic complexes that are adjusted as a function of the flame signal have only been technically possible for hydrocarbon-containing fuel gases.

Furthermore, in the case of the electronic complex, the combustion power and the air supply are dependent only on the fan speed. The environmental impact can hardly be corrected if the use of other sensors is too expensive. Such environmental influences relate, for example, to air temperature, air pressure and changes in the intake or exhaust path of the combustion device.

The electronics complex for the combustion of hydrogen requires additional sensors, for example for detecting and protecting the fuel gas quantity in order to regulate the fuel gas quantity without combustion regulation. At the same time, such additional sensors are expensive.

The purpose of the present disclosure is: a regulation and/or control is provided that enables combustion of a fuel gas comprising hydrogen. The purpose of the present disclosure is, inter alia: an adjustment and/or control is provided which achieves a sufficient degree of modulation. This regulation can also be used for the hydrocarbon-containing fuel gas and/or for the mixture of the hydrocarbon-containing fuel gas with hydrogen.

Disclosure of Invention

It is difficult to regulate and/or control the combustion device on the basis of a single signal of a temperature sensor, the signal of which depends mainly on the position of the temperature sensor in the combustion chamber of the combustion device. In this case, the following considerations apply: the temperature signal is a function of the supply of the fuel-air mixture and is thereby dependent on the combustion power. Furthermore, the temperature signal also depends on the mixture ratio between fuel and air and thereby on the air ratio. It is almost impossible to obtain a unique distribution of measured temperature values to exactly one combination of combustion power and air coefficient with only one temperature sensor. Therefore, additional signals are often required. This signal is typically the air supply as a representation of the mixture supply or the combustion power. Using the measured temperature in or near the flame, the air coefficient can then be adjusted as a function of the measured value and the air supply according to a predefined characteristic curve. Such a method is described in EP1902254B1, in which in EP1902254B1 the measured temperature is output as a function of the air coefficient and the combustion power within a range of values. Alternatively, the air ratio can be used as an additional signal, and the mixture supply, i.e. the combustion power, can be determined as a function of the air ratio and the measured temperature. The recording or determination of the fuel supply, in particular the gas supply, can also provide such an additional signal.

Correspondingly, sensors that are sufficiently accurate for determining the air supply, the mixture supply or the fuel supply are expensive. Less expensive sensors do not register ambient conditions, such as fluctuations in air temperature, air pressure, or also fluctuations in the intake and/or exhaust paths. Such a less expensive sensor is for example the fan speed register of a fan. Therefore, that sensor has the following disadvantages: the sensor only incompletely determines the air supply.

The present disclosure addresses those difficulties by arranging more than one sensor in the combustion chamber of the combustion apparatus. In particular, more than one temperature sensor can be arranged in the combustion chamber of the combustion device. The signals of the two sensors, in particular of the two temperature sensors, are read and each processed to a value of the combustion power. The signals of the two sensors, in particular of the two temperature sensors, can likewise each be processed to a value of the air factor λ. Then, an adjustment and/or a control can be carried out on the basis of the determined combustion power and/or the determined air ratio λ.

The individual measurement signals themselves are usually not processed individually into values of combustion power or air ratio or a combination of combustion power and air ratio.

For the case of a multivalued assignment of the individual signals to different combustion powers, the possible combustion powers matched to the individual signals are determined. A pair of a combustion power determined from the signal of the first-mentioned sensor and a combustion power determined from the signal of the second-mentioned sensor is formed. The pair with the smallest difference in combustion power is selected. The current combustion power of the combustion device is determined based on the pair.

Those multivaluences can also be solved by arranging a further sensor, in particular a further temperature sensor, in the combustion chamber. A signal is read from the further sensor, in particular from the further temperature sensor. The read signal is processed for a third time into a value of the combustion power and is included together in the determination of the current combustion power of the combustion device.

Another possibility to solve the multivalue is to include the supply signal together in the evaluation. Such a supply signal may be, for example, the fan speed of a fan in the air supply channel. Such a supply channel can likewise be the signal of a flow sensor in the air supply channel or in the fuel supply channel. The supply signal may also be derived from the air damper state and/or from the state of the fuel actuator. The use of the supply signal has the following advantages: the distribution of the supply signal to the combustion power is often unique.

Two characteristic curves for determining the combustion power pairs are specified for a predefined air ratio. With a corresponding positioning of the two sensors in the combustion chamber, there is exactly one point pair of two sensor values, wherein the two combustion powers are identical for all possible air coefficient values.

With the method described, the combustion power can be determined as a function of the respective measurement signal within a range of values given a target value of the air ratio. This determination is made for each sensor arranged in the combustion chamber. Thereby, both the air ratio and the combustion power can be adjusted to the predetermined target values. The combustion power, which depends on the relevant sensor signal, can be registered as a polynomial for both functions. In a preferred embodiment, the two functions may be registered as a sequence of points between which a linear interpolation is performed at the minimum distance between the two points. If other sensors are used, a function of the combustion power is registered over a range of values by three or more sensors. The further sensor may be, for example, a third sensor in the combustion chamber or a supply sensor.

The adjustment is performed, for example, by: the air actuator or alternatively the fuel actuator is first adjusted until the two combustion powers are the same or close to each other. Then, the combustion power is calculated, for example, as an average of the two calculated combustion powers. The air actuator and the fuel actuator are then adjusted, for example via a control loop, so that the calculated combustion power is at its target value. The resulting possible deviation of the air factor from the target value is readjusted again by the air actuator or alternatively by the fuel actuator. As a result of the readjustment, the combustion power calculated from the two measurement signals is again the same.

Alternatively, the air ratio and the combustion power may be adjusted by multi-loop regulation together within the dead band of the target value.

By correcting the air coefficient, it is possible to correct a variation due to an external influence on the fuel. Changes in fuel composition will first affect the air factor. By the method disclosed herein, the deviation of the air coefficient is corrected. Also, variations in fuel inlet pressure and/or fuel temperature and/or air pressure and/or air temperature may be corrected for by air factor adjustment.

The external influence on the combustion power can likewise be compensated for, since the combustion power can be recalculated and adjusted to the predefined target value. In this way, variations in the intake/exhaust paths can also be corrected with respect to the air ratio and the combustion power.

Drawings

Various features will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the disclosed non-limiting embodiments. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can be briefly described as follows:

FIG. 1 shows a combustion apparatus with two sensors for flame monitoring in a combustion chamber;

FIG. 2 shows the course of the combustion power as a function of the measurement signal of a sensor arranged in the combustion chamber when a unique assignment is made;

FIG. 3 shows the variation of the combustion power with the signals of two sensors arranged in the combustion chamber when the distribution of the sensors is not unique;

FIG. 4 shows the variation of the combustion power with the signals of two sensors arranged in the combustion chamber when the signal variations cross;

FIG. 5 shows the course of the combustion power as a function of the signals of two sensors arranged in the combustion chamber and of the deviation of the two signals when the mixture becomes lean;

fig. 6 shows the course of the combustion power as a function of the signals of two sensors which are alternatively arranged in the combustion chamber when the mixture becomes lean and the deviating course of the two signals;

FIG. 7 shows the variation of air supply with air supply signal for two different intake-exhaust paths;

fig. 8 shows the course of two predefined control curves for the fuel gas valve and the calculated control curves for the current fuel and/or gas parameters.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a combustion device 1, such as a wall-mounted gas burner and/or a floor-standing gas burner. In operation, the flame of the heat generator is burned in the combustion chamber 2 of the combustion device 1. The heat generator exchanges the thermal energy of the hot fuel gas into another fluid, such as water. With hot water, for example, a hot water heating system is operated and/or drinking water is heated. According to another embodiment, the heat energy of the hot fuel and/or fuel gas is used, for example, to heat an article in an industrial process. According to another embodiment, the heat generator is a cogeneration system, such as an engine of such a system. According to another embodiment, the heat generator is a gas turbine. Furthermore, the heat generator may be used for heating water in the system for obtaining lithium and/or lithium carbonate. The exhaust gas 10 is discharged from the combustion chamber 2, for example, via a flue.

The air supply 5 for the combustion process is supplied via a (motor-wise) driven fan. Via a signal line 14, the control and/or regulating device 13 presets the fan with the air supply which the fan should deliverV _L . The fan speed of the fan speed sensor 12 is hereby referred to as a measure for the air supply 5.

According to one embodiment, the fan speed determined by the sensor 12 is fed back to the control and/or regulating device 13 by the fan and/or by the drive 4 of the fan and/or the air actuator 4. The control and/or regulating device 13 determines the rotational speed of the fan via a signal line 15, for example.

The control and/or regulating device 13 preferably comprises a microcontroller. In the ideal case, the control and/or regulating device 13 comprises a microprocessor. The control and/or regulating device 13 may be a regulating device. Preferably, the regulating means comprises a microcontroller. Ideally, the regulating device comprises a microprocessor. The adjusting means may comprise a proportional integral adjuster. The regulating means may also comprise a pid regulator.

The control and/or regulating device 13 may also comprise a field programmable (logic) gate assembly. The control and/or regulating means 13 may also comprise an application-specific integrated circuit.

In one embodiment, the

signal line

14 or 15 includes an optical waveguide. In a special embodiment, the

signal line

14 or 15 is embodied as an optical waveguide. Optical waveguides have advantages in galvanic separation and explosion protection.

If the air supply 5 is adjusted by means of an air damper and/or a valve, the damper and/or valve status can be used as a measure for the air supply 5. Measurements derived from the signals of the pressure sensor 12 and/or the mass flow sensor 12 and/or the volumetric flow sensor 12 may also be used.

According to one embodiment, the air supplyV _L Is the value of the current air flow. Air flow may be measured and/or specified in cubic meters of air per hour. Thus, air supplyV _L May be measured and/or interpreted in cubic meters of air per hour.

Fuel supplyV _B Is regulated and/or regulated by means of at least one fuel actuator 7-9 and/or at least one (electromechanically) adjustable valve 7-9 by means of a control and/or regulating device 13. In the embodiment of fig. 1, the fuel 6 is a fuel gas. The combustion device 1 can then be connected to various sources of fuel gas, for example to a source with a high methane content and/or to a source with a high propane content. It is also specified that: the combustion device 1 is connected to a source of a gas or gas mixture, wherein the gas or gas mixture comprises hydrogen. In a special embodiment, provision is made for: the mass of more than five percent, in particular more than five percent, of the fuel gas or fuel gas mixture is hydrogen. In a further special embodiment, provision is made for: the fuel gas or fuel gas mixture comprises only or substantially only hydrogen. In another embodiment, provision is made for: variably, zero to thirty percent of the mass of the fuel and/or gas mixture is hydrogen. In fig. 1, the fuel gas quantity is regulated by a control and/or regulating device 13 via at least one (motor-wise) adjustable fuel valve 7-9. In this case, the actuation values of the gas valves 7-9, for example pulse width modulation signals, are a measure for the fuel gas quantity. The manipulated value is also the fuel supplyV _B The value of (c).

If a gas damper is used as the fuel actuator 7-9, the position of the damper can be used as a measure for the amount of fuel gas. According to a special embodiment, the fuel actuator 7-9 and/or the fuel valve 7-9 are adjusted by means of a stepper motor. In that case, the step position of the stepper motor is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. The fuel valve and/or the fuel damper can also be integrated in a unit with at least one or more safety shut-off

valves

7, 8. A signal line 16 connects the fuel actuator 7 to the control and/or regulating device 13. A further signal line 17 connects the fuel actuator 8 to the control and/or regulating device 13. A further signal line 18 connects the fuel actuator 9 to the control and/or regulating device 13. In one particular embodiment, the signal lines 16-18 each include an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide has advantages in terms of current separation and explosion prevention.

Furthermore, at least one of the fuel valves 7-9 can be a valve which is adjusted internally by means of a flow and/or pressure sensor, which valve obtains a target value and adjusts the actual value of the flow and/or pressure sensor to this target value. Here, the flow and/or pressure sensor may be realized as a volumetric flow sensor, for example as a turbine flowmeter and/or a bellows counter and/or a differential pressure sensor. The flow and/or pressure sensor may also be implemented as a mass flow sensor, for example as a thermal mass flow sensor.

Fig. 1 likewise shows a combustion device 1 with a first sensor 19. The sensor 19 is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber 2. Advantageously, the first sensor 19 comprises a first temperature sensor 19. In the ideal case, the first sensor 19 is a first temperature sensor 19.

A signal line 21 connects the temperature sensor 19 with the control and/or regulating device 13. In a particular embodiment, the signal line 21 comprises an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide has advantages in terms of current separation and explosion prevention.

Fig. 1 likewise shows a combustion device 1 with a second sensor 20. The sensor 20 is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber 2. Advantageously, the second sensor 20 comprises a second temperature sensor 20. In the ideal case, the second sensor 20 is a second temperature sensor 20.

A signal line 22 connects the temperature sensor 20 to the control and/or regulating device 13. In one particular embodiment, the signal line 22 includes an optical waveguide. Optical waveguides have advantages in galvanic separation and explosion protection.

Fig. 2 shows a signal profile 24 of the combustion output 23 as a function of the sensor signal of the first sensor 19 for a fixed fuel gas with a predetermined, constant mixture ratio. In fig. 2, the sensor 19 is arranged such that the combustion power 23 can be uniquely assigned to the sensor signal. Such a signal profile 24 is obtained, for example, when the temperature sensor 19 is installed close to the burner 3. This characteristic 24 differs from the characteristic mentioned in EP1902254B1 in that: along the ordinate, the characteristic curve 24 has the combustion power 23 instead of a temperature signal. That is, the combustion power 23 can therefore be determined from this signal by means of the characteristic curve 24 shown in fig. 2. For this purpose, the air ratio λ is adjusted for each combustion power 23. In a preferred embodiment, the characteristic curve 24 is registered in the control and/or regulating device 13. Where the allocation is also made. Alternatively, the characteristic curve 24 may be registered in the electronic circuit at the first temperature sensor 19 or in any other unit. Where it is also evaluated.

Using the characteristic curve 24, the combustion power 23 can be determined directly, so that no air supply sensor is required. If the fuel gas metering is directly assigned to the air supply 5, the combustion power 23 and the air supply 5 are likewise directly assigned to one another. The air supply 5 can thereby be adjusted by the mentioned division between the combustion power 23 and the air supply 5 and by an adjustment signal according to the line 14. Alternatively, the air supply 5 may be regulated in this way by a closed-loop control circuit. In a preferred embodiment, an air supply signal is present, but the division between the air supply 5 and this signal is influenced externally. This may be, for example, a change in air temperature and/or ambient pressure and/or intake/exhaust path. Typically, the signal in which such variations are not compensated is a fan speed signal for the fan 4 or a position feedback for the air damper. The division between the air supply 5 and the sensor signal on the line 12 can be periodically recalibrated in operation with respect to the reference conditions. This recalibration takes place by means of the sensor signal and the combustion power 23 determined by the characteristic curve 24 and by means of the division between combustion power 23 and air supply 5. The process has the following advantages: using the sensor signal on the line 12, the air supply 5 and thus the combustion power 23 can be changed rapidly. Correspondingly, the correction by the characteristic curve 24 is much slower. It is also possible to correct the characteristic curve of the gas supply sensor, for example the fuel supply as a function of the position of the gas damper state. The air control signal on the line 14 and thus the air supply 5 is directly assigned to the fuel metering.

The course of the characteristic curve 24 depends to a large extent on the position of the sensor in the combustion chamber 2. The sensor location near or directly on the burner 3 has the following disadvantages: the dynamics of the sensor signal are influenced by the thermal capacity of the burner 3. Thereby, the regulation becomes sluggish. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to use the first sensor 19 simultaneously for flame monitoring. In order to be able to monitor the flame, the sensor 19 must be arranged at a position within the flame area or close to the flame area. For flame monitoring, the sensor 19 should also react fast enough, i.e. with a sufficiently small time constant. Fig. 3 shows the course of a characteristic curve 24 of the combustion power 23 as a function of the sensor signal from the line 21 when the sensor 19 is arranged in the combustion chamber 2 or in or near the flame.

As can be seen in fig. 3, the combustion power 23 can no longer be uniquely assigned to the sensor signal from the line 21 by the characteristic curve 24. Thus, a second sensor 20 is installed in the combustion chamber 2, which distributes the sensor signal from the line 22 to the combustion power 23 via a characteristic curve 25 that differs from the characteristic curve 24. In order to be able to assign two sensor values uniquely to the combustion power 23 as a function of two variables by means of the two

characteristic curves

24 and 25, a point pair with a signal on the

lines

21 and 22 is allowed to occur only once for all values of the combustion power 23 within the range of possible values of the combustion power 23, which point pair is assigned to the respective value of the combustion power 23 by means of the

characteristic curves

24 and 25.

The two

characteristic curves

24 and 25 can be registered in the control and/or regulating device 13, for example, as polynomials. Subsequently, the distribution takes place by means of a specification, in which case the different fuel gas powers for the currently recorded signals 21 and 22 are calculated by means of the

characteristic curves

24 and 25. In a preferred embodiment, the characteristic 24 is registered as a sequence of value pairs (21/23) and (22/23). The signals from

lines

21 and 22 may be between corresponding, registered value pairs (21/23) and (22/23). Corresponding, adjacent pairs of values (21/23) and (22/23) are then determined for the signals from

lines

21 and 22. To determine the combustion power 23, a linear interpolation is performed.

Then, the deviation of the combustion power 23 for the signals from the

lines

21 and 22 is determined. For this purpose, the difference between all calculated combustion powers 23 from the characteristic curve 24 and all calculated values from the characteristic curve is determined. From the two combustion powers 23 with the smallest difference, for example, an average value or one of the two calculated values is taken as the allocation value. This is the result if, for the signals from the

lines

21, 22, only exactly one combustion power 23 is present in the

characteristic curves

24, 25 for at least one of the two

characteristic curves

24, 25.

Fig. 4 shows that the two characteristic curves can also intersect. Using this characteristic curve, the combustion output 23 and thus the air supply 5 can also be determined as long as the above-described unique distribution condition is fulfilled.

If the unique assignment condition is no longer fulfilled, the assignment can be made unique by means of a further signal. The further signal can originate from a further sensor in the combustion chamber 2, which clarifies the assignment if there is a corresponding signal of the non-unique assignment. With this further sensor in the combustion chamber 2, a further characteristic curve is registered, with which the combustion power 23 can be determined exclusively as described above.

An air supply sensor and/or a fuel supply sensor are particularly preferred as third sensors. If fan speed or air damper position is used as the air supply sensor, the feedback signal on line 15 can be used to clarify the unique dispense despite the inaccuracies described above. This clarification can be carried out in particular when the fuel gas values having the same or similar value pairs are far apart from one another. In this case, the fuel gas values on the

lines

21, 22 with the same or similar measurement value pairs are advantageously not within the tolerance range of the external influences mentioned.

With the method and the device described, however, it is not only possible to determine the combustion power 23 and thus the air supply 5 from the signals on the

lines

21, 22 of the

sensors

19, 20 in the combustion chamber 2. Likewise, with the method and the device described, it is not only possible to determine the fuel supply 6 of a fixedly predefined mixture of fuel gases. With the described means, it is also possible to meter fuel, in particular fuel gas, in the correct proportion with respect to the air supply 5. The premise is as follows: the air supply 5 and the fuel supply 6 can be freely adjusted by means of the

respective actuators

4, 9 for air and for fuel. Fig. 5 shows the response of the signals of the

lines

21 and 22 with the combustion power 23. Fig. 5 relates to the following case: the mixture becomes too lean, i.e. the fuel gas is too small relative to the target value, compared to the adjusted air coefficient lambda. When the mixture is adjusted so that the target air factor lambda is reached _soll

Characteristic curves

24 and 25 correspond to the sensor signals on

lines

21 and 22 for different combustion powers 23. If the mixture becomes leaner, a characteristic 26 for the sensor 19 and a characteristic 27 for the sensor 20 are derived. In general, characteristic curve 24 shifts relative to characteristic curve 25 by a different value than characteristic curve 26 relative to characteristic curve 27 due to rarefaction.

In principle, in order to obtain the desired correction of the air factor λ, instead of the

characteristic curves

24 and 25, two characteristic regions can be registered as a function of the combustion power 23 with the respective temperature values from the

lines

21 and 22 and the respective air factor λ. The combustion power 23 and the air ratio λ can then be determined uniquely. The premise is as follows: for each point of the combustion power 23 and the air ratio λ, the pair of signal values from the

lines

21, 22 appears only once in both regions through all the resulting pairs of points. If a point pair is determined, the current combustion power 23 and the current air ratio λ can be assigned directly to this point pair. Then, the two

actuators

4 and 9 may be corrected to the target values.

The conditions mentioned for the correction, which can be uniquely deterministic, cannot always be observed for both regions. Thus, a third signal is generally required in order to uniquely determine the combustion power 23 and the air ratio λ. The third signal may come from another sensor in the combustion chamber. However, the third signal is preferably an air supply signal from

line

14 or 15. For example, the third signal may be from fan speed feedback from fan speed sensor 12 in the fan or the position of the air damper. Also, the third signal may come from the state of the fuel actuator, in particular from the position of the gas damper 9. The positioning of the sensor in the combustion chamber can be achieved considerably more easily by means of an additional third sensor value in order to satisfy the requirement for a unique assignment of the signal to the combustion power 23 and/or the air ratio λ within the value range.

Correspondingly, when the mixture is relative to the target air coefficient lambda _soll More rich, the combustion power 23 and/or the air ratio lambda are corrected. The corresponding characteristic curve for the richer mixture then lies on the other side of the respective

characteristic curve

24 or 25.

It is costly to register both areas in the control and/or regulating device 13. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, only two

functions

24, 25 of the combustion power 23 are registered, which functions depend on the two

sensor signals

21, 22 of the

sensors

19, 20. The

characteristic curves

24, 25 can each be registered as a polynomial dependent on a plurality of measurement signals. The

characteristic curves

24, 25 can also be registered as a sequence of points in the control and/or regulating device 13. A linear interpolation is preferably made between these points. There may also be signals from other sensors, such as a fan speed sensor 12, at the combustion chamber and/or in the air supply 5 and/or in the fuel supply 6.

In a first variant, the adjustment is carried out as follows: the air supply 5 is kept constant or almost constant by the air actuator 4. The fuel supply 6 is varied by the fuel actuator 9 until the determined value of the combustion power 23 from the two

characteristic curves

24, 25 lies within a defined threshold value.

In a second variant, the fuel supply 6 is kept constant or almost constant by means of a fuel actuator 9. The air supply 5 is varied by the air actuator 4 until the determined value of the combustion power 23 from the two

characteristic curves

24, 25 lies within the defined threshold value.

The adjustment direction is determined by the difference of the two determined combustion powers 23, for example by detecting that the difference is decreasing. If there are other sensor values, the sum of the squared calculated differences is compared, for example, with a predetermined threshold value. With this approach, it is ensured that: actual air factor lambda _ist At a target air ratio lambda predetermined according to the

characteristic curves

24, 25 _soll The above. In the next step, the combustion power P is determined _ist This is done, for example, by calculating the arithmetic mean of the two combustion powers 23 determined with the aid of the

characteristic curves

24 and 25. The air actuator 4 and the at least one fuel actuator 7-9 are then adjusted together until a predetermined combustion power P is reached _soll Until now. The air ratio lambda may deviate slightly due to the combustion power regulation. In this case, the air ratio λ can be set as described by adjusting at least one of the fuel actuators 7-9 or the air actuator 4 at the target combustion power P _soll Is readjusted.

In a third variant, the combustion power 23 and the air ratio λ are directly adjusted by adjusting the two actuators 4, 7-9. The respective threshold value for reaching the difference between the combustion powers 23 is registered as a criterion in the multi-circuit regulation, as in the first and second variant.

In the above variant, "almost constant" means: the first actuator is adjusted more slowly than the second actuator. Thus, the air factor λ can always be reached _soll And combustion power P _soll The target value of (a). In a second variant, at least one fuel actuator 7-9 is adjusted more slowly than the air actuator 4. In a first variant, the air actuator 4 is adjusted more slowly than the at least one fuel actuator 7-9. Preferably, the method is selected from the group consisting ofA predetermined different speed of the actuators 4 and 7-9. At least one fuel actuator 7-9 with a stepper motor drive is faster than an air actuator 4 with a motor-adjustable fan wheel and corresponding moment of inertia. Thus, variant one is usually selected.

With the described approach, it is ensured that: during the combustion power change, the air ratio λ is first corrected and only then the combustion power 23 is corrected. In this way, the correct air factor λ is always obtained even during combustion power changes _soll To operate the combustion apparatus 1. For this reason, the

characteristic curves

24, 25 also correspond to a predetermined air factor λ _soll Characteristic curve of the combustion power 23 for the

respective sensor

19, 20. Target air factor lambda _soll The combustion output 23 has a course defined by the

characteristic curves

24, 25 that can be varied arbitrarily over a wide range. Thus, the target air ratio λ _soll It is possible, for example, to have a rising or falling profile in the case of the combustion output 23. In a particular embodiment, the target air factor λ _soll Is constant with the variation of the combustion power 23.

In FIG. 6, the target value λ of the air ratio is shown _soll And with a leaner air coefficient value 26, characteristic curve 24 of first sensor 19. Also shown is the target value λ of the air factor _soll And with a leaner air coefficient value 27, characteristic curve 25 of second sensor 20. In the case of such a change, in particular the third sensor signal, a unique assignment of the sensor signals on the

lines

21 and 22 to the air ratio λ can be reliably achieved. Likewise, a unique distribution of the combustion power 23 can be achieved. The third sensor signal may be, for example, a fan speed feedback of the fan 4 via line 15.

Air actuator 4 fuel actuator 9 air actuator 4 fuel actuator 9 air actuator 4

During the adjustment of the combustion power 23 on the basis of the changed combustion power demand, the air actuator 4 can be moved on a predefined characteristic curve of the air supply sensor 12. The predefined characteristic may be based on feedback of the fan speed, for example, or else may be a characteristic of the feedback of the position of the air damper. Fig. 7 shows such a characteristic 28 of the fan speed feedback 15 with the fan speed sensor 12 registered in the control and/or regulating device 13 as a reference characteristic. Characteristic curve 28 relates to specific and/or well-defined environmental conditions.

A similar signal for the reference condition applies for the adjustment signal or air damper status along line 14 of the fan motor and for the position signal fed back along line 15. The signal is pre-linearized by a characteristic curve registered in the control and/or regulating device 13 with respect to the control signal or the fed-back position signal of the air supply 5.

If the current combustion power 23 is determined after the correction of the air ratio λ, the characteristic curve 28 can be adapted to the current environmental conditions. Such ambient conditions are for example variations in air temperature and/or air pressure and/or intake/exhaust paths. For the currently measured fan speed or reference control, the air supply 5 is known as a direct function of the combustion power 23. Here, the "direct function" means: the air supply 5 is not dependent on any independent variable of the function other than the combustion power 23. The supply determined from the characteristic curve 28 is likewise known. Thus, for the current air supply 5, the correction factor can be determined as the ratio of the two signals. The characteristic curve 28 is corrected to the characteristic curve 29, since the characteristic curve with the air supply 5 crosses zero with reference to the air supply signal or the fan speed feedback. Here, each characteristic curve value is multiplied by the determined correction factor. By means of this method, the combustion power 23 and the air supply 5 can be adjusted quickly by means of the corrected characteristic curve 29. At the same time, the air supply 5 can be corrected slowly by means of the

characteristic curves

24, 25. In this way, the two processes are decoupled from each other. By means of the averaging filter, fluctuations in the measured value of the combustion power 23 can also be averaged and in this way the combustion power 23 can be determined in a stable manner. This also corrects the combustion power 23. The speed of the combustion power change is not affected here.

Fig. 8 shows a characteristic curve over which the fuel actuator 9 is moved. Two reference characteristic curves 30, 31 determined for different pressures and/or different fuel gas components are registered in the control and/or regulating device 13. The characteristic curves 30, 31 describe the gas metering signal with the air supply 5, which is represented by a corrected signal value of the air supply 5 or the combustion power 23. The gas metering signal represents the fuel supply and/or the gas supply. The two characteristic curves 30, 31 are determined under reference conditions, that is to say for a specific inlet pressure and/or fuel gas composition. The characteristic curve 30 is determined with a high calorific fuel or fuel gas and/or with a high inlet pressure. The characteristic 31 is determined with a low calorific fuel or fuel gas and/or with a low inlet pressure. In operation, it is determined how the current ratio of fuel gas to air is by shifting the signals from the

sensors

19, 20 in the combustion chamber 2 as described above. These signals are shifted to a unique pair of values on the two

characteristic curves

24 and 25 by changing the fuel actuator 9 until the object is achieved.

With the current, corrected fuel supply 6 in the case of the distributed air supply 5, the ratio can be determined by a weighted average. The fuel metering signal and/or the gas metering signal are at this ratio. The ratio represents the current fuel and/or combustion gas parameters, such as fuel gas composition and/or inlet pressure and/or fuel gas temperature. Since the same ratio applies for all combustion power signals with the same fuel and/or gas parameters, characteristic curve 32 can be calculated. On the characteristic curve 32, the fuel actuator 9 can rapidly change its combustion power 23 as a function of the current fuel and/or gas parameters. By means of the characteristic curve 32, the fuel actuator 9 can change its state in particular rapidly as a function of the current fuel and/or gas parameters.

If at least one fuel parameter and/or gas parameter changes, this is achieved as a function of a correction of the weighting ratio by adapting the sensor signals on the

lines

21 and 22 to the

characteristic curves

24, 25 as described above. A new characteristic curve may be calculated using the new weighting parameters. The method for calculating the corrected characteristic curve 32 for operating the fuel actuator 9 with different fuel and/or gas parameters corresponds to the method as described in EP1154202B 2. With the described method, it is also possible to correct for variations in the fuel composition or gas inlet pressure, since these parameters influence the air coefficient λ. The air factor λ is set by means of adaptation to the

characteristic curves

24, 25 described above.

Another advantage of this method is that: with these two

sensors

19, 20, the flame can be monitored, for example, in order to detect a flame-out. For this purpose, the two

signals

21, 22 generated by the

sensors

19, 20 are also used to detect the presence or absence of a flame, in addition to the regulation with respect to the air ratio λ and the combustion power 23.

In this way it can be evaluated whether at least one

signal

21 or 22 is below a threshold value. A different threshold value may be selected for the sensor signal 21 than for the sensor signal 22. If the respective threshold value is undershot, the temperature is so low that, for example, no more flames can burn. A signal is generated with which the safety shut-off

valves

8, 9 are closed via the

lines

16, 17, so that no combustible fuel can escape without being burnt. In a further variant, the difference between the two

signals

21 and 22 is determined, wherein care must be taken to: the two signals do not have the same temperature value during operation. If the flame is now extinguished, the two temperatures will quickly equalize. That is, if the difference between the two signals falls below a predetermined threshold value, this is detected as a misfire. It is ensured that the safety shut-off

valves

8, 9 are closed.

In other words, the present disclosure teaches a method for adjusting a combustion apparatus (1), the combustion apparatus (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2) and a first temperature sensor (19) in the combustion chamber (2) and a second temperature sensor (20) in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the second temperature sensor (20) is different from the first temperature sensor (19), the method comprising the steps of:

recording a first signal of a first temperature sensor (19);

recording a second signal of a second temperature sensor (20);

determining at least one first combustion power (23) as a function of the first signal using a first characteristic curve (24) which describes the course of the combustion power (23) as a function of the signal of the first temperature sensor (19) for the first temperature sensor (19);

determining at least one second combustion power (23) as a function of the second signal using a second characteristic curve (25) which describes the course of the combustion power (23) as a function of the signal of the second temperature sensor (20) for the second temperature sensor (20);

determining a current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) as a function of the at least one first combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23); and also

The current combustion power (23) of the combustion system (1) is set to the target power of the combustion system (1).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above methods, comprising the steps of:

the current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is determined as the arithmetic mean of the at least one first combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23).

the current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is determined as a geometric mean value of the at least one first combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23).

Preferably, the first characteristic curve (24) differs from the second characteristic curve (25).

In one embodiment, the first characteristic curve (24) assigns at least two different combustion powers (23) to the first signal. In other words, the distribution of the first signal to the combustion power (23) is not unique according to the first characteristic curve (24). The distribution according to the first characteristic curve (24) is not single-shot. In one embodiment, the second characteristic curve (25) assigns at least two different combustion powers (23) to the second signal. In other words, the distribution of the second signal to the combustion power (23) is not unique according to the second characteristic curve (25). The distribution according to the second characteristic curve (25) is not single-shot.

The present disclosure also teaches a method for adjusting a combustion apparatus (1), the combustion apparatus (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2) and a first temperature sensor (19) in the combustion chamber (2) and a second temperature sensor (20) in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the second temperature sensor (20) is different from the first temperature sensor (19), the method comprising the steps of:

recording a first signal of a first temperature sensor (19);

recording a second signal of a second temperature sensor (20);

estimating at least one first combustion power (23) as a function of the first signal using a first characteristic curve (24) which describes the course of the combustion power (23) as a function of the signal of the first temperature sensor (19) for the first temperature sensor (19);

estimating at least one second combustion power (23) as a function of the second signal using a second characteristic curve (25) which describes the course of the combustion power (23) as a function of the signal of the second temperature sensor (20) for the second temperature sensor (20);

determining a current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) as a function of the at least one first combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23); and moreover

recording a first signal of a first temperature sensor (19);

recording a second signal of a second temperature sensor (20);

estimating at least one first air factor λ as a function of the first signal using a first characteristic curve which describes the course of the air factor λ with the signal of the first temperature sensor (19) for the first temperature sensor (19);

estimating at least one second air factor λ as a function of the second signal using a second characteristic curve which describes the course of the air factor λ with the signal of the second temperature sensor (20) for the second temperature sensor (20);

determining the current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) as a function of the at least one first air factor λ and the at least one second air factor λ; and also

Adjusting the current air ratio lambda of the combustion device (1) to a target power lambda of the air ratio _soll 。

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above methods, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising at least one actuator selected from the group consisting of an air actuator (4) and a fuel actuator (7-9), the adjusting the present combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) to the target power of the combustion device (1) comprising the steps of:

calculating the difference between the current combustion power (23) of the combustion plant (1) and the target power of the combustion plant (1);

generating an actuator signal based on the difference; and also

The actuator signal is sent to the at least one actuator.

The combustion device (1) preferably has an air supply channel which is in fluid connection with the combustion chamber (2). An air actuator (4) acts on the air supply channel. The combustion device (1) preferably has a fuel supply channel which is in fluid connection with the combustion chamber (2). An air actuator (7-9) acts on the fuel supply passage.

determining at least one third combustion power (23) as a function of the first signal using the first characteristic curve (24), wherein the first characteristic curve (24) assigns at least two different combustion powers (23) to the first signal, such that the at least one third combustion power (23) differs from the at least one first combustion power (23);

determining a first difference between the at least one first combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23);

determining a second difference between the at least one third combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23);

comparing the first difference to the second difference;

selecting the at least one first combustion power (23) if the first difference is smaller than the second difference;

selecting the at least one third combustion power (23) if the second difference is smaller than the first difference; and moreover

Determining a current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) as a function of the selected combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23).

determining at least one third combustion power (23) as a function of the first signal using the first characteristic curve (24), wherein the first characteristic curve (24) assigns at least two different combustion powers (23) to the first signal, such that the first combustion power (23) differs from the third combustion power (23);

comparing the first difference to the second difference;

selecting the at least one third combustion power (23) if the second difference is smaller than the first difference or if the second difference is equal to the first difference; and also

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above methods including a selected combustion power (23), the method comprising the steps of:

the current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is determined as the arithmetic mean of the selected combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23).

the current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is determined as a geometric mean value of the selected combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above methods, the combustion apparatus (1) additionally comprising a further sensor in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the further sensor in the combustion chamber (2) is different from the first temperature sensor (19) and different from the second temperature sensor (20), the method comprising the steps of:

recording another combustion signal of the other sensor;

determining at least one further combustion power (23) as a function of the further combustion signal using a further characteristic curve which specifies the course of the combustion power (23) for the further sensor as a function of the signal of the further sensor; and also

The current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is determined as a function of the at least one first combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23) and the at least one further combustion power (23).

recording another combustion signal of the other sensor;

estimating at least one further combustion power (23) as a function of the further combustion signal using a further characteristic curve which describes the course of the combustion power (23) for the further sensor as a function of the signal of the further sensor; and also

In one embodiment, the further sensor in the combustion chamber (2) comprises a further temperature sensor in the combustion chamber (2). In a special embodiment, the further sensor in the combustion chamber (2) is a further temperature sensor in the combustion chamber (2). In one embodiment, the further sensor in the combustion chamber (2) comprises an ionizing electrode in the combustion chamber (2). In a special embodiment, the further sensor in the combustion chamber (2) is an ionizing electrode in the combustion chamber (2).

In one embodiment, the further characteristic curve assigns at least two different combustion powers (23) to the further signal. In other words, the distribution of the further signal to the combustion power (23) is not unique according to the further characteristic curve. The assignment according to the further characteristic is not single-shot.

The first characteristic curve (24), the second characteristic curve (25) and the further characteristic curve are preferably different in pairs.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above methods, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising at least one supply channel in fluid connection with the combustion chamber (2), a supply signal means (4, 7-9, 12) in operative connection with the fluid in the at least one supply channel, wherein the supply signal means (4, 7-9, 12) is arranged outside the combustion chamber (2), the method comprising the steps of:

recording the supply signal of the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12);

determining a supply-based combustion power (23) as a function of the supply signal using a supply-based characteristic curve, which specifies a course of the combustion power (23) as a function of the signal of the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) for the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12); and also

Determining a current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) as a function of the at least one first combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23) and the supply-based combustion power (23).

recording the supply signal of the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12);

estimating a supply-based combustion power (23) as a function of the supply signal using a supply-based characteristic curve which describes a course of the combustion power (23) as a function of the signal of the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) for the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12); and also

In one embodiment, the supply-based characteristic curve assigns precisely one combustion power (23) to the supply signal. In other words, the distribution of the supply signal to the combustion power (23) is not unique according to the supply-based characteristic curve. The distribution according to the supply-based characteristic is not single shot. In a special case, the distribution according to the supply-based characteristic is also flood-shot.

Stipulating: the at least one supply channel comprises at least one supply channel selected from the group consisting of:

-an air supply channel; and

-a fuel supply channel, in particular a fuel supply channel. Provision is also made for: the at least one supply channel is exactly one supply channel selected from the following:

-an air supply channel; and

-a fuel supply channel, in particular a fuel supply channel.

The first characteristic curve (24), the second characteristic curve (25) and the supply-based characteristic curve are preferably different in pairs.

According to one embodiment, the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) is an air supply sensor in or on the air supply channel. The air supply sensor may for example comprise a turbine flow meter and/or a bellows counter and/or a differential pressure sensor and/or a mass flow sensor. In a particular embodiment, the air supply sensor is a turbine flow meter and/or a bellows counter and/or a mass flow sensor. In this case, the air supply sensor is in fluid connection with the fluid in the air supply channel, in particular with the air. The air supply sensor is likewise operatively connected to the fluid in the air supply channel, in particular to the air, since the fluid acts on the air supply sensor. According to one embodiment, the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) comprises a fan (4) acting on the air supply channel. The fan (4) can be in particular a motor-driven fan (4). The fan (4) is designed to signal, in particular to convey, its fan speed. The fan speed of the fan (4) is a measure for the air supply (5). According to a further embodiment, the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) is a fuel supply sensor in or on the fuel supply channel. The fuel supply sensor may for example comprise a turbine flow meter and/or a bellows counter and/or a differential pressure sensor and/or a mass flow sensor. In a particular embodiment, the fuel supply sensor is a turbine flow meter and/or a bellows counter and/or a mass flow sensor. In this case, the fuel supply sensor is in fluid connection with the fluid in the fuel supply channel, in particular with the fuel and/or with the fuel gas. The fuel supply sensor is likewise in operative connection with the fluid in the fuel supply channel, in particular with the fuel and/or the fuel gas, since the fluid acts on the fuel supply sensor. According to yet another embodiment, the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) comprises at least one fuel actuator (7-9) and/or at least one valve (7-9), which acts on the fuel supply channel. The at least one fuel actuator (7-9) and/or the at least one valve (7-9) can be, in particular, at least one fuel valve (7-9) and/or at least one fuel gas valve (7-9). The at least one fuel actuator (7-9) and/or the at least one valve (7-9) are designed to signal, in particular to communicate, the state thereof. The state of the at least one fuel actuator (7-9) and/or the at least one valve (7-9) is a measure of the fuel supply (6).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above methods, the combustion apparatus (1) additionally comprising at least one actuator selected from the group consisting of an air actuator (4) and a fuel actuator (7-9), the method comprising the steps of:

sending a change signal to the at least one actuator;

after sending the change signal to the at least one actuator:

-recording a third signal of the first temperature sensor (19),

-recording a fourth signal of the second temperature sensor (20),

determining at least one third combustion power (23) as a function of the third signal using the first characteristic curve (24);

determining at least one fourth combustion power (23) as a function of the fourth signal using a second characteristic curve (25); and also

Determining a current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) as a function of the at least one first combustion power (23), the at least one second combustion power (23), the at least one third combustion power (23) and the at least one fourth combustion power (23).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above methods, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising at least one actuator selected from the group consisting of an air actuator (4) and a fuel actuator (7-9), the method comprising the steps of:

sending a change signal to the at least one actuator;

after sending the change signal to the at least one actuator:

-recording a third signal of the first temperature sensor (19),

recording a fourth signal of the second temperature sensor (20),

estimating at least one third combustion power (23) as a function of the third signal using the first characteristic curve (24);

estimating at least one fourth combustion power (23) as a function of the fourth signal using a second characteristic curve (25);

determining a further current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) as a function of the at least one first combustion power (23), the at least one second combustion power (23), the at least one third combustion power (23) and the at least one fourth combustion power (23); and also

sending a change signal to the at least one actuator;

after sending the change signal to the at least one actuator:

-recording a third signal of the first temperature sensor (19),

recording a fourth signal of the second temperature sensor (20),

determining at least one fourth combustion power (23) as a function of the fourth signal using a second characteristic curve (25);

determining a further current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) solely as a function of the at least one third combustion power (23) and the at least one fourth combustion power (23); and also

The further current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is set to the target power of the combustion device (1).

sending a change signal to the at least one actuator;

after sending the change signal to the at least one actuator:

-recording a third signal of the first temperature sensor (19),

recording a fourth signal of the second temperature sensor (20),

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above methods comprising a further current combustion power (23), the combustion device (1) additionally comprising at least one actuator selected from the group consisting of an air actuator (4) and a fuel actuator (7-9), the adjusting the further current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) to a target power of the combustion device (1) comprising the steps of:

determining the difference between another current combustion power (23) of the combustion plant (1) and the target power of the combustion plant (1);

generating an actuator signal based on the difference; and also

The actuator signal is sent to the at least one actuator.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above methods comprising a varying signal, the method comprising the steps of:

after sending the change signal to the at least one actuator:

changing the state of the at least one actuator.

after sending the change signal to the at least one actuator:

the fan speed of the at least one actuator is varied.

The present disclosure also teaches a combustion apparatus (1) comprising: a combustion chamber (2) and a first temperature sensor (19) in the combustion chamber (2) and a second temperature sensor (20) in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the second temperature sensor (20) is different from the first temperature sensor (19); at least one supply channel in fluid connection with the combustion chamber (2); at least one actuator selected from the group consisting of an air actuator (4) and a fuel actuator (7-9), wherein the at least one actuator acts on the at least one supply channel, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising a regulating and/or control means (13) which is in communicative connection with the first temperature sensor (19), the second temperature sensor (20) and the at least one actuator, wherein the regulating and/or control means (13) is designed for carrying out one of the above-mentioned methods.

The present disclosure also teaches a combustion apparatus (1) comprising: a combustion chamber (2) and a first temperature sensor (19) in the combustion chamber (2) and a second temperature sensor (20) in the combustion chamber (2) and a further temperature sensor in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the first temperature sensor (20), the second temperature sensor (19) and the further temperature sensor are different in pairs; at least one supply channel in fluid connection with the combustion chamber (2); at least one actuator selected from the group consisting of an air actuator (4) and a fuel actuator (7-9), wherein the at least one actuator acts on the at least one supply channel, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising a regulating and/or control means (13) which is in communicative connection with the first temperature sensor (19), the second temperature sensor (20), the further temperature sensor and the at least one actuator, wherein the regulating and/or control means (13) is designed for performing one of the above-mentioned methods comprising the further temperature sensor in the combustion chamber (2).

The present disclosure also teaches a combustion apparatus (1) comprising: a combustion chamber (2) and a first temperature sensor (19) in the combustion chamber (2) and a second temperature sensor (20) in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the second temperature sensor (20) is different from the first temperature sensor (19); at least one supply channel in fluid connection with the combustion chamber (2); a supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) operatively connected to the fluid in the at least one supply channel, wherein the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) is arranged outside the combustion chamber (2); at least one actuator selected from the group consisting of an air actuator (4) and a fuel actuator (7-9), wherein the at least one actuator acts on the at least one supply channel, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising a regulating and/or control device (13) which is in communication with the first temperature sensor (19), the second temperature sensor (20), the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) and the at least one actuator, wherein the regulating and/or control device (13) is designed for performing one of the above-mentioned methods comprising the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12).

The present disclosure also teaches a computer program product comprising instructions that cause: the combustion device (1) performs the method steps of one of the methods described above.

The present disclosure also teaches a computer program product comprising instructions that cause: the control and/or regulating device (13) of one of the combustion apparatuses (1) executes the method steps of one of the methods.

The present disclosure also teaches a computer program comprising instructions that cause: the control and/or regulating device (13) of one of the combustion apparatuses (1) executes the method steps of one of the methods.

The present disclosure also teaches a computer program product comprising instructions that cause: one of the above-mentioned combustion apparatuses (1) performs the method steps of one of the above-mentioned methods.

The present disclosure also teaches a computer program comprising instructions that cause: one of the above-mentioned combustion apparatuses (1) performs the method steps of one of the above-mentioned methods.

The present disclosure also teaches a computer readable medium having stored thereon one of the computer programs described above.

The present disclosure also teaches a computer readable medium having stored thereon one of the above-mentioned computer program products.

The computer readable medium described above is preferably tangible. Ideally, these computer-readable media are non-volatile.

The present disclosure also teaches a method for adjusting a combustion apparatus (1), the combustion apparatus (1) comprising: a combustion chamber (2) and a first temperature sensor (19) in the combustion chamber (2) and a second temperature sensor (20) in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the second temperature sensor (20) is different from the first temperature sensor (19); an air actuator (4) for generating an air supply (5); and at least one fuel actuator (7-9) for generating a fuel supply (6), the method comprising the steps of:

adjusting the at least one fuel actuator (7-9) and/or the air actuator (4);

recording a first signal of a first temperature sensor (19);

recording a second signal of a second temperature sensor (20);

determining a comparison value as a function of the determined first combustion power (23) and as a function of the determined second combustion power (23); and also

The above steps are repeated until the determined comparison value is less than a predetermined threshold value.

recording a first signal of a first temperature sensor (19);

recording a second signal of a second temperature sensor (20);

determining a comparison value as a function of the determined first combustion power (23) and as a function of the determined second combustion power (23);

adjusting the at least one fuel actuator (7-9) and/or the air actuator (4) as a function of the comparison value; and also

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above methods for conditioning a combustion apparatus (1), the combustion apparatus (1) comprising: a combustion chamber (2) and a first temperature sensor (19) in the combustion chamber (2) and a second temperature sensor (20) in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the second temperature sensor (20) is different from the first temperature sensor (19); an air actuator (4) for generating an air supply (5); and at least one fuel actuator (7-9) for generating a fuel supply (6), the combustion device (1) additionally comprising at least one further temperature sensor in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the further temperature sensor is different from the first temperature sensor (19) and also from at least the second temperature sensor (20), the method comprising the steps of:

adjusting the at least one fuel actuator (7-9) and/or the air actuator (4);

in addition to recording the signals of the first and second temperature sensors (19, 20), recording a further combustion signal of the further temperature sensor in the combustion chamber (2);

Determining a comparison value as a function of the determined first combustion power (23) and as a function of the determined second combustion power (23) and as a function of the at least one further combustion power (23); and also

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above-mentioned methods for adjusting a combustion apparatus (1), the combustion apparatus (1) comprising: a combustion chamber (2) and a first temperature sensor (19) in the combustion chamber (2) and a second temperature sensor (20) in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the second temperature sensor (20) is different from the first temperature sensor (19); an air actuator (4) for generating an air supply (5); and at least one fuel actuator (7-9) for generating a fuel supply (6), the combustion device (1) additionally comprising at least one further temperature sensor in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the further temperature sensor is different from the first temperature sensor (19) and also from at least the second temperature sensor (20), the method comprising the steps of:

determining at least one further combustion power (23) as a function of the further combustion signal using a further characteristic curve which specifies the course of the combustion power (23) as a function of the signal of the further sensor for the further sensor; and also

Determining a comparison value as a function of the determined first combustion power (23) and as a function of the determined second combustion power (23) and as a function of the at least one further combustion power (23);

The disclosure teaches one of the above-mentioned methods for adjusting a combustion plant (1) including a comparison value, wherein the comparison value is calculated as a value of the difference between two determined combustion powers (23).

The present disclosure teaches one of the above-mentioned methods for adjusting a combustion plant (1) including a comparison value, wherein the comparison value is calculated as the sum of squared differences of all calculated combustion powers (23).

The present disclosure teaches one of the above-mentioned methods for adjusting a combustion device (1), wherein the state of the air actuator (4) and/or the at least one fuel actuator (7-9) is derived by the determined comparison value being reduced when adjusting the air actuator and/or the fuel actuator.

With the above disclosure, the air ratio λ of the combustion device (1) is adjusted according to the air ratio λ adjusted for the characteristic curves (24, 25).

The disclosure teaches one of the above methods, wherein the combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is calculated from an average of two combustion powers (23) which are determined from the characteristic curves (24, 25).

The disclosure teaches one of the above methods, wherein the combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is calculated from an average of at least two combustion powers (23) determined from each characteristic curve (24, 25).

The present disclosure teaches one of the above methods, wherein one of the calculated combustion powers (23) is selected as the combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1).

The disclosure teaches one of the above methods, wherein a value of the difference between the calculated combustion power (23) of the combustion plant (1) and a predefined target value is calculated.

The disclosure teaches one of the above methods, wherein the air actuator (4) and the at least one fuel actuator (7-9) are adjusted such that the value of the difference between the calculated combustion power (23) and the predefined combustion power (23) is below a further, defined threshold value.

With the above disclosure, the determined combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is adjusted to a predefined target value.

The present disclosure teaches one of the above methods, the combustion device (1) comprising an additional air supply sensor (12),

wherein a function of a feedback signal relating to a combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is registered for the air supply sensor (12); and moreover

Wherein the function is corrected as a function of the currently determined combustion power (23).

The present disclosure teaches one of the above methods comprising an air supply sensor (12),

wherein the signal of the air supply sensor (12) is recorded;

wherein the correction of the function is made by a multiplication factor applied to each value of the registered function; and also

Wherein the multiplication factor is determined as a function of the determined combustion power (23) and a function value calculated from the recorded measured values.

The present disclosure teaches one of the above methods, wherein for rapid changes in combustion power (23), a function corrected by the multiplication factor is used for the air actuator (4).

The present disclosure teaches one of the above-mentioned methods,

wherein for two fuels with different fuel parameters, a characteristic curve of the fuel actuator actuation is registered in each case, said characteristic curve being dependent on the calculated combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1);

wherein a weighting factor is calculated from the two registered characteristic curves and a manipulated value derived from the determination of the state of the fuel actuator; and also

Wherein a characteristic curve for adjusting the at least one fuel actuator (7-9) is calculated as a function of the weighting factor.

The present disclosure teaches one of the above methods comprising a weighting factor, wherein the weighting factor is a weighting factor for weighting an arithmetic average, which is calculated from the fuel actuator state at the calculated combustion power (23) as a result of the averaging and two registered characteristic curve values for the fuel actuator manipulation at the calculated combustion power (23) as values to be weighted.

The present disclosure teaches one of the above methods, wherein for a rapid change of the combustion power (23) a calculated characteristic curve depending on the combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) is used for the at least one fuel actuator (7-9).

The present disclosure teaches one of the above methods comprising a fuel parameter, wherein two different fuels and/or different components of the fuel gas are used as two different fuel parameters.

The present disclosure teaches one of the above methods of two fuel parameters, wherein two different inlet pressures of the fuel and/or the fuel gas are used as two different fuel parameters.

The present disclosure teaches one of the above methods, wherein pure hydrogen or a mixture of hydrocarbon-containing fuel gas and hydrogen is used as the fuel.

The present disclosure teaches one of the above-mentioned methods, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising at least two safety shut-off valves (7, 8) for interrupting the fuel supply (6) to the combustion chamber (2),

wherein at least two of the temperature sensors (19, 20) are used to monitor the flame in the combustion chamber (2);

wherein a misfire is detected below a predetermined signal associated with the sensor (19, 20); and also

At least one of these safety shut-off valves (7, 8) is then closed, so that the fuel supply (6) is interrupted.

The disclosure also teaches one of the above methods, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising at least two safety shut-off valves (7, 8) for interrupting the fuel supply (6) to the combustion chamber (2),

wherein the difference between the signals of the temperature sensors (19, 20) is evaluated on the basis of at least two temperature sensors (19, 20);

wherein a misfire is identified when the value of the difference between the temperature values is below a threshold value; and also

The premise of the present disclosure is: the two sensors (19, 20) are positioned such that the two temperature values cannot assume the same temperature value in the presence of a flame in the combustion chamber (2) during operation, whereas the combustion power (23) from the characteristic curves (24, 25) can assume the same value.

The mentioned circumstances relate to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments may be made without departing from the basic idea and without departing from the scope of protection of the present disclosure. The subject matter of the present disclosure is defined by the claims hereof. Various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.

Reference numerals

1: combustion apparatus

2: combustion chamber

3: burner with a burner head

4: fan with cooling device

5: air supply

6: fuel supply

7: safety stop valve

8: safety stop valve

9: fuel metering valve, in particular fuel gas metering valve

10: exhaust passage

11: air supply signal

12: air supply sensors, e.g. fan speed sensors

13: regulating and/or controlling device

14: circuit for fan control signal

15: circuit for feedback of air supply, e.g. feedback of fan speed

16: circuit for control signals of safety shut-off valve

17: control signal circuit for safety shut-off valve

18: circuit for actuating signals of a fuel metering valve

19: first sensor in combustion chamber

20: first sensor in combustion chamber

21: circuit for measuring signals of a first sensor in a combustion chamber and signals from said circuit

22: circuit for measuring signals of a second sensor in a combustion chamber and signals from said circuit

23: combustion power

24: characteristic curve of combustion power as a function of measured measurement signals of a first sensor in a combustion chamber

25: characteristic curve of combustion power as a function of measured measurement signals of a second sensor in the combustion chamber

26: characteristic curve of combustion power as a function of measured measurement signal of first sensor in combustion chamber when mixture is lean

27: characteristic curve of combustion power as a function of measured measurement signals of a second sensor in the combustion chamber when the mixture is lean

28: characteristic curve of an air sensor signal for modulation before changing the exhaust gas path

29: characteristic curve for modulated air sensor signal after changing exhaust path

30: fuel supply control characteristic curve controlled by fuel for high-calorie fuel, especially high-calorie fuel gas and/or high inlet pressure

31: fuel supply control characteristic curve controlled by fuel for low-calorie fuel, especially low-calorie fuel gas and/or low inlet pressure

32: characteristic curves for the modulation determined by the combustion device which are adapted to the current fuel and/or fuel gas parameters.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting a combustion apparatus (1), the combustion apparatus (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2) and a first temperature sensor (19) in the combustion chamber (2) and a second temperature sensor (20) in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the second temperature sensor (20) is different from the first temperature sensor (19), the method comprising the steps of:

-recording a first signal of the first temperature sensor (19);

-recording a second signal of the second temperature sensor (20);

determining a current combustion power (23) of the combustion plant (1) as a function of the at least one first combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23); and also

Adjusting the current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) to a target power of the combustion device (1).

2. The method according to claim 1, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising at least one actuator selected from an air actuator (4) and a fuel actuator (7-9), the adjusting of the present combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) to the target power of the combustion device (1) comprising the steps of:

determining the difference between the current combustion power (23) of the combustion plant (1) and the target power of the combustion plant (1);

generating an actuator signal from the difference; and also

Sending the actuator signal to the at least one actuator.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:

comparing the first difference to the second difference;

-selecting said at least one first combustion power (23) if said first difference is smaller than said second difference;

-selecting said at least one third combustion power (23) if said second difference is smaller than said first difference; and also

4. The method according to claim 3, comprising the steps of:

determining a current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) as an arithmetic mean of the selected combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23).

5. The method according to any of claims 1 to 4, the combustion apparatus (1) additionally comprising a further sensor in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the further sensor in the combustion chamber (2) is different from the first temperature sensor (19) and different from the second temperature sensor (20), the method comprising the steps of:

recording another combustion signal of the another sensor;

determining at least one further combustion power (23) as a function of the further combustion signal using a further characteristic curve which specifies a course of the combustion power (23) for the further sensor as a function of the signal of the further sensor; and also

Determining a current combustion power (23) of the combustion device (1) as a function of the at least one first combustion power (23) and the at least one second combustion power (23) and the at least one further combustion power (23).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the combustion apparatus (1) additionally comprising at least one supply channel in fluid connection with the combustion chamber (2), a supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) in operative connection with a fluid in the at least one supply channel, wherein the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) is arranged outside the combustion chamber (2), the method comprising the steps of:

-recording the supply signal of said supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12);

determining a supply-based combustion power (23) as a function of the supply signal using a supply-based characteristic curve which describes a course of the combustion power (23) as a function of the signal of the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12) for the supply signal device (4, 7-9, 12); and also

7. The method according to any of claims 1 to 6, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising at least one actuator selected from an air actuator (4) and a fuel actuator (7-9), the method comprising the steps of:

sending a change signal to the at least one actuator;

after sending the change signal to the at least one actuator:

-recording a third signal of the first temperature sensor (19),

-recording a fourth signal of the second temperature sensor (20),

determining at least one fourth combustion power (23) as a function of the fourth signal using the second characteristic curve (25); and also

8. A combustion apparatus (1), comprising: a combustion chamber (2) and a first temperature sensor (19) in the combustion chamber (2) and a second temperature sensor (20) in the combustion chamber (2), wherein the second temperature sensor (20) is different from the first temperature sensor (19); at least one supply channel in fluid connection with the combustion chamber (2); at least one actuator selected from the group consisting of an air actuator (4) and a fuel actuator (7-9), wherein the at least one actuator acts on the at least one supply channel, the combustion device (1) additionally comprising a regulating and/or control means (13) which is in communicative connection with the first temperature sensor (19), the second temperature sensor (20) and the at least one actuator, wherein the regulating and/or control means (13) is designed for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A computer program product comprising instructions that cause: the combustion apparatus (1) of claim 8 performs the method steps according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer readable medium having stored thereon the computer program product of claim 9.