CN115074728B

CN115074728B - Laser cladding machine for forming metallurgical surface cladding layer

Info

Publication number: CN115074728B
Application number: CN202211015474.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 顾成义; 傅排先; 唐杰; 顾宇翔; 顾海娟; 荀巧粉
Original assignee: Jiangsu Haiyu Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Haiyu Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-24
Filing date: 2022-08-24
Publication date: 2022-10-25
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-24
Also published as: CN115074728A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of laser cladding machines, and discloses a laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer, which comprises a laser cladding head, wherein the middle part of the laser cladding head is provided with a middle through groove for laser to pass through, the laser cladding head is provided with a ring groove positioned outside the middle through groove, a plurality of powder spray pipes and gas spray pipes are arranged inside the ring groove, the outer sides of the powder spray pipes and the gas spray pipes are not in contact with the inner wall of the ring groove, and the inclination degrees of the lower half parts of the powder spray pipes and the gas spray pipes are the same as the inclination degree of the inner wall of the middle through groove. Set up the ring channel that is located middle logical groove outside through laser cladding in the head to set up powder spray tube and gas nozzle in the outside of ring channel, and the non-contact structural design of the inner wall of powder spray tube and gas nozzle and laser cladding head, the cooling water that utilizes the ring channel to be full of plays cooling and isolated effect, and the powder receives thermal energy or melts in the avoiding powder spray tube, causes the problem of jam.

Description

Laser cladding machine for forming metallurgical surface cladding layer

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of laser cladding machines, in particular to a laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer.

Background

The laser cladding machine is a common metal workpiece surface processing device, the laser cladding is a new composite material formed by cladding a layer of material with special physical, chemical or mechanical properties on the surface of a base material by utilizing high-energy laser beam irradiation through rapid melting, expansion and solidification so as to make up for the lack of high performance of the base body, fully play the advantages of the two, overcome the defects of each other, and have the metal coating with special physical, chemical or mechanical properties after the surface of the metal workpiece is processed by the laser cladding machine, thereby improving the practical effect of the metal workpiece.

When using, current laser cladding machine, because of the inside spout silo and the water-cooling tank staggered distribution of seting up of laser cladding head, the water-cooling tank is very far away from the distance of spouting the silo, and the effective heat radiating area of water-cooling tank is less, and laser cladding machine behind the laser radiation makes the nozzle temperature higher, under the relatively poor condition of radiating effect, spout the inside powder of silo and receive high temperature easily and influence the inflation, cause the jam, and high to make the powder melt back adhesion in the inner wall department that spouts the silo when the temperature, also can cause the problem of jam.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer, which has the advantages of large water-cooling heat dissipation area and difficult blockage caused by powder ejection, and solves the technical problems in the background technology.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme to realize the purpose: the utility model provides a metallurgical surface cladding layer forms with laser cladding machine, includes the arm, and the one end of arm is equipped with laser emitter, and the fixed cover in bottom of laser emitter is equipped with laser delivery pipe, and the outside of laser delivery pipe bottom is equipped with laser cladding head, and laser cladding head's middle part is seted up and is supplied laser to pass through the middle groove that leads to, laser cladding is overhead to set up the ring channel that leads to the groove outside in the middle of being located, and the inside of ring channel is equipped with a plurality of powder spray tubes and gas spray tube, the quantity of powder spray tube and gas spray tube is no less than three, the outside of powder spray tube and gas spray tube and the inner wall contactless of ring channel, the lower half slope degree of powder spray tube and gas spray tube all is the same with the middle inner wall slope degree that leads to the groove, the both sides of ring channel are put through respectively has inlet tube and drain pipe, the powder spray tube is put through with the powder delivery pipe, the gas spray tube is put through with the gas delivery pipe.

Optionally, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the top of the laser cladding head, the water inlet and the water outlet are both communicated with the annular groove, one end of the water inlet pipe is fixedly sleeved outside the water inlet, and one end of the water drain pipe is fixedly sleeved outside the water outlet.

Optionally, the fixed cover in top of laser cladding head is equipped with the sealing ring that is located the laser delivery pipe outside, the sealing ring seals the ring channel, the top of sealing ring all extends on the top of powder spray tube and gas spray tube, and sealing ring and powder spray tube, the equal sealed laminating of gas spray tube.

Optionally, fixed cover is equipped with first annular distributing pipe and the second annular distributing pipe that is located laser cladding head top on the laser delivery pipeline, and first annular distributing pipe is located the below of second annular distributing pipe, through the powder pipe switch-on between first annular distributing pipe and the powder spray tube, and the outside of first annular distributing pipe and the fixed cover of one end of powder delivery pipe connect, through the gas pipe switch-on between second annular distributing pipe and the gas spray tube, and the outside of second annular distributing pipe and the fixed cover of one end of gas delivery pipe connect.

Optionally, the powder nozzle, the gas nozzle and the laser cladding head are designed in an integrated manner.

Optionally, the powder spray pipe has the same shape and size as the gas spray pipe, and the middle parts of the inner cavities of the powder spray pipe and the gas spray pipe are both in smooth arc design.

Optionally, the inner bottom of the annular groove infinitely approaches the bottom of the laser cladding head but does not penetrate the bottom of the laser cladding head.

The invention provides a laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. this metallurgical surface cladding layer forms with laser cladding machine, through laser cladding in the head set up the ring channel that is located the middle outside of leading to the groove, and set up powder spray tube and gas spray tube in the outside of ring channel, and the outside of powder spray tube and gas spray tube and the discontiguous structural design of the inner wall of laser cladding head, the cooling water that utilizes the ring channel to be full of plays cooling and isolated effect to powder spray tube and gas spray tube, avoid powder in the powder spray tube to receive thermal energy or melt, cause the problem of jam, and then ensured the normal effectual work of laser cladding machine.

2. This metallurgical surface cladding layer forms and uses laser cladding machine, through the structural design of powder spray tube and gas spray tube staggered distribution in the ring channel inside, the degree of inclination of cooperation powder spray tube and gas spray tube lower half is the same with the degree of inclination that the groove is led to in the middle part, make powder spray tube spun powder and gas spray tube spun protective gas all assemble a bit, the position of laser irradiation part promptly, compare in current laser cladding machine, the lower extreme of effectively having avoided because of laser cladding head is conical, lead to powder blowout and protective gas to converge the point not on same focus, make a large amount of powder blown away by protective gas, the effective utilization ratio of powder is lower, and influence the problem of metal surface cladding layer processingquality.

3. This metallurgical surface cladding layer forms and covers machine with laser, utilize gas nozzle and powder spray tube to locate the structural design in the ring channel, not only avoid blowing away the condition of powder by gas nozzle spun protective gas, compare in current laser cladding machine in the gas by the mode that laser cladding head middle part led in, avoid protective gas heated, lead to the higher problem of temperature, thereby make gas nozzle spun low temperature protective gas not only prevent metal processing position high temperature oxidation, still do benefit to the cooling at processing position.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the laser cladding head structure of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cut-away view of the middle portion of the laser cladding head structure of FIG. 2 according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a front view of FIG. 3 of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a top view of fig. 3 of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a mechanical arm; 2. a laser transmitter; 3. a laser delivery conduit; 4. laser cladding head; 401. an annular groove; 402. a water inlet; 403. a water outlet; 5. a powder nozzle; 6. a gas nozzle; 7. a powder conduit; 8. a gas conduit; 9. a first annular distribution pipe; 10. a second annular distribution pipe; 11. a powder delivery tube; 12. a gas delivery pipe; 13. a water inlet pipe; 14. a drain pipe; 15. and (6) sealing rings.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, a laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer includes a mechanical arm 1, a laser emitter 2 is fixedly mounted at one end of the mechanical arm 1, referring to fig. 2, a laser transmission pipeline 3 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the laser emitter 2, a laser cladding head 4 is fixedly sleeved outside the bottom end of the laser transmission pipeline 3, the lower half part of the laser cladding head 4 is in a circular truncated cone design, referring to fig. 3-5, a middle through groove is formed in the middle of the laser cladding head 4, laser emitted by the laser emitter 2 is emitted through the laser transmission pipeline 3 and the middle through groove, the inner diameter of the lower half part of the middle through groove is uniformly increased from bottom to top, an annular groove 401 located outside the middle through groove is formed in the laser cladding head 4, a water inlet 402 and a water outlet 403 are respectively formed in two sides of the top of the laser cladding head 4, the water inlet 402 and the water outlet 403 are both communicated with the annular groove 401, referring to fig. 1, a water inlet pipe 13 is connected to the water inlet 402, a water pipe 14 is fixedly connected to the water outlet 403 fixed to continuously pass through the fixed sleeve 13, water, and water enters through the water inlet 402 and is discharged after the annular groove 401 is filled with the water outlet 403, thereby continuously cooling the laser cladding head 4.

With reference to fig. 3-5, a certain number of powder nozzles 5 and gas nozzles 6 are disposed in the annular groove 401, the powder nozzles 5 and the gas nozzles 6 are sequentially distributed in a staggered manner, and the number of the powder nozzles 5 and the number of the gas nozzles 6 are not less than three, and the powder nozzles 5 and the gas nozzles 6 are integrally distributed in the annular groove 401 in an array manner, and the outer sides of the powder nozzles 5 and the gas nozzles 6 are not in contact with the inner wall of the annular groove 401, so that the outer sides of the powder nozzles 5 and the gas nozzles 6 are isolated by cooling water, thereby ensuring that the temperatures in the powder nozzles 5 and the gas nozzles 6 are relatively low, and avoiding the problem of blockage caused by thermal expansion or melting of powder in the powder nozzles 5.

The degree of inclination of powder spray tube 5 and gas spray tube 6 lower half is the same with the inside degree of inclination that leads to the groove in middle part, and the inside of powder spray tube 5 and gas spray tube 6 communicates with each other with the outside of laser cladding head 4 bottom, make powder spray tube 5 spun and gas spray tube 6 spun protective gas all assemble a bit, the position of laser irradiation part promptly, compare in current laser cladding machine, the lower extreme of effectively having avoided because of laser cladding head 4 is conical, lead to powder blowout and protective gas to converge the point on same focus, make a large amount of powder blown away by protective gas, the effective utilization ratio of powder is lower, and influence the problem of metal surface cladding layer processingquality.

Fixed cover in the top of laser cladding head 4 is equipped with the sealing ring 15 that is located the 3 outsides of laser delivery pipeline, and sealing ring 15 seals ring channel 401, and the top of powder spray tube 5 and gas spray tube 6 all extends the top of sealing ring 15, and sealing ring 15 and powder spray tube 5, gas spray tube 6 are all sealed the laminating, ensure ring channel 401's leakproofness, avoid lasting the rivers play that lets in.

Referring to fig. 3, a first annular distribution pipe 9 and a second annular distribution pipe 10 located above a laser cladding head 4 are fixedly sleeved on a laser conveying pipeline 3, the first annular distribution pipe 9 is located below the second annular distribution pipe 10, a powder conveying pipe 11 and a gas conveying pipe 12 are respectively communicated with one side of the first annular distribution pipe 9 and one side of the second annular distribution pipe 10, a powder guide pipe 7 is communicated between the bottom of the first annular distribution pipe 9 and a powder spray pipe 5, a gas guide pipe 8 is communicated between the bottom of the second annular distribution pipe 10 and a gas spray pipe 6, powder is continuously added into the first annular distribution pipe 9 through the powder conveying pipe 11, and meanwhile, the powder is uniformly distributed through the first annular distribution pipe 9 and enters the powder spray pipe 5 through the powder guide pipes 7, so that the powder is sprayed out from the bottom of the powder spray pipe 5 to act on a metal surface to form a cladding layer, continuously let in protective gas through gas delivery pipe 12 in to second annular distribution pipe 10, protective gas can be inert gas, protective gas is after the distribution of second annular distribution pipe 10, through 8 flow direction gas spray pipes 6 of each gas conduit, and spout from the bottom of gas spray pipe 6, act on metalworking's position, prevent that the metal surface from by high-temperature oxidation, utilize gas spray pipe 6 and powder spray pipe 5 to locate the structural design in ring channel 401, not only avoid blowing away the condition of powder by gas spray pipe 6 spun protective gas, compare in current laser cladding machine gas by the mode that laser cladding head 4 middle part led in through the groove, avoid protective gas to be heated, lead to the higher problem of temperature, thereby make gas spray pipe 6 spun low temperature protective gas not only prevent metalworking position high-temperature oxidation, still do benefit to the cooling of processing position.

Powder spray tube 5, gas nozzle 6 and the design of laser cladding head 4 formula as an organic whole for 4 bulk strength of laser cladding head are higher, and the sealed effectual that can realize, and the monolithic structure accessible mould of laser cladding head 4, powder spray tube 5 and gas nozzle 6 pours the preparation.

The shape and size of the powder spray pipe 5 are the same as those of the gas spray pipe 6, and the middle parts of the inner cavities of the powder spray pipe 5 and the gas spray pipe 6 are both in smooth bending design, so that the speed loss of powder flowing down in the powder spray pipe 5 is reduced, and the powder spray pipe 5 can be sprayed to the metal surface at a sufficient speed, so that the powder spray pipe is attached to a cladding layer of the metal surface.

The inner bottom of ring channel 401 and the bottom of laser cladding head 4 are established to the nominal distance for the inner bottom of ring channel 401 infinitely approaches the bottom of laser cladding head 4 but does not run through the bottom of laser cladding head 4, thereby ensure that the cooling water in the ring channel 401 can not spill from the bottom of laser cladding head 4, and simultaneously, still cooling water and laser cladding head 4 in the ring channel 401, powder spray tube 5, the direct contact area of gas spray tube 6 is enough big, thereby make water better to the isolated cooling effect of laser cladding head 4 and powder spray tube 5 and gas spray tube 6.

When the laser cladding machine for forming the metallurgical surface cladding layer is used, firstly, the mechanical arm 1 drives the laser emitter 2 and the laser cladding head 4 to integrally move to a metal workpiece to be processed, and after the distance between the laser cladding head 4 and the metal workpiece is controlled, the powder sprayed from the powder spray pipe 5 in the laser cladding head 4 can be ensured to be just converged on the metal surface, then a machine table fixed with the metal workpiece controls the metal workpiece to move, the processing part is adjusted in real time, meanwhile, the laser beam is started by the laser emitter 2 to irradiate the metal workpiece, meanwhile, the powder is continuously fed into the first annular distribution pipe 9 through the powder conveying pipe 11, the protective gas is continuously fed into the second annular distribution pipe 10 through the gas conveying pipe 12, the cooling water is continuously fed into the annular groove 401 through the water inlet pipe 13, the cooling water is filled in the annular groove 401 and is discharged through the water discharge pipe 14, so that the temperature of the powder spray pipe 5 and the gas spray pipe 6 in the annular groove 401 is reduced in real time, the powder enters the powder spray pipe 5 through each powder guide pipe 7 and is sprayed onto the surface of the metal workpiece from the gas spray pipe 6, the bottom of the metal workpiece is protected, and the cladding layer is prevented from being oxidized under the environment of the metal workpiece, and the metal workpiece is protected.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a metallurgical surface cladding layer forms with laser cladding machine, includes arm (1), and the one end of arm (1) is equipped with laser emitter (2), and the fixed cover in bottom of laser emitter (2) is equipped with laser pipeline (3), and the outside of laser pipeline (3) bottom is equipped with laser cladding head (4), and the middle part of laser cladding head (4) is seted up the middle logical groove that supplies laser to pass, its characterized in that: offer ring channel (401) that lead to the groove outside in the middle of being located on laser cladding head (4), and the inside of ring channel (401) is equipped with a plurality of powder spray pipes (5) and gas spray pipe (6), the quantity of powder spray pipe (5) and gas spray pipe (6) is no less than three, the outside of powder spray pipe (5) and gas spray pipe (6) and the inner wall of ring channel (401) contactless, the lower half slope degree of powder spray pipe (5) and gas spray pipe (6) all is the same with the inner wall slope degree of middle logical groove, the both sides of ring channel (401) are put through respectively and are had inlet tube (13) and drain pipe (14), powder spray pipe (5) and powder conveying pipe (11) switch-on, gas spray pipe (6) and gas conveying pipe (12) switch-on.

2. The laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein: the laser cladding head (4) is characterized in that a water inlet (402) and a water outlet (403) are respectively arranged on two sides of the top of the laser cladding head (4), the water inlet (402) and the water outlet (403) are communicated with the annular groove (401), one end of the water inlet pipe (13) is fixedly sleeved outside the water inlet (402), and one end of the water drain pipe (14) is fixedly sleeved outside the water outlet (403).

3. The laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed cover in top of laser cladding head (4) is equipped with sealing ring (15) that are located the laser delivery pipe way (3) outside, sealing ring (15) are sealed ring channel (401), the top of sealing ring (15) all extends on the top of powder spray tube (5) and gas spray tube (6), and sealing ring (15) and powder spray tube (5), gas spray tube (6) all seal the laminating.

4. The laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein: fixed cover is equipped with first annular distributing pipe (9) and second annular distributing pipe (10) that are located laser cladding head (4) top on laser delivery pipe (3), and first annular distributing pipe (9) are located the below of second annular distributing pipe (10), switch-on through powder pipe (7) between first annular distributing pipe (9) and powder spray tube (5), and the outside of first annular distributing pipe (9) and the fixed cover of one end of powder delivery pipe (11) connect, switch-on through gas conduit (8) between second annular distributing pipe (10) and gas spray tube (6), and the outside of second annular distributing pipe (10) and the fixed cup joint of one end of gas delivery pipe (12).

5. The laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein: the powder spray pipe (5), the gas spray pipe (6) and the laser cladding head (4) are designed in an integrated mode.

6. The laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein: the shape and the size of the powder spray pipe (5) are the same as those of the gas spray pipe (6), and the middle parts of the inner cavities of the powder spray pipe (5) and the gas spray pipe (6) are both designed into smooth arcs.

7. The laser cladding machine for forming a metallurgical surface cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein: the inner bottom of the annular groove (401) infinitely approaches the bottom of the laser cladding head (4) but does not penetrate through the bottom of the laser cladding head (4).