CN115073142B - 电炉用镁碳砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于镁质耐火材料制备技术领域,具体的涉及一种电炉用镁碳砖及其制备方法。所述的电炉用镁碳砖,原料由电熔镁砂、粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨、纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂和抗氧化剂组成;抗氧化剂为ZrB2、Al粉以及SiC粉的混合物;所述的电熔镁砂,由2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料、1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料、0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料以及粒度≤0.088mm的粉料组成。本发明所述的电炉用镁碳砖,以纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂作为结合剂,添加ZrB2、Al粉以及SiC粉的混合物作为抗氧化剂,使得制备的电炉用镁碳砖具有很好的抗渣渗透性能和抗热震性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于镁质耐火材料制备技术领域,具体的涉及一种电炉用镁碳砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
镁碳砖是20世纪70年代兴起的新型耐火材料,它是以镁砂(高温烧结镁砂或电熔镁砂)和碳素为原料,采用各种碳质结合剂制成的耐火材料。由于镁碳砖具有耐火度高、抗热震性优良和抗侵蚀能力强等优良特性而被广泛应用于转炉、交流电弧炉、直流电弧炉的内衬,钢包的渣线等部位。
低碳镁碳砖一般是指总碳量不超过8wt%的MgO-C质耐火材料。此外,也有将碳含量低于3wt%的称为超低碳镁碳砖。众所周知,随着碳含量的下降,特别是当碳含量降低至10wt%以下时,镁碳砖的耐剥落性明显下降,这是由于碳不能形成连续相或连续程度下降的必然结果。同时,碳含量降低以后,熔渣及钢水与材料的润湿性增强,材料的抗熔渣侵蚀及钢水的渗透性必然变差。另外,随着碳含量的降低,原本由石墨所具备的抗热震性能好、热膨胀系数低的优点难以体现出来。
因此,开发出兼具优良抗热震性和良好抗熔渣侵蚀性的低碳镁碳砖,是目前镁碳砖研制非常重要的发展方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:提供一种电炉用镁碳砖。所述的电炉用镁碳砖抗氧化性能好,且具有抗渣渗透性和抗热震稳定性;本发明同时提供了其制备方法。
本发明所述的电炉用镁碳砖,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
电熔镁砂 91-92%
粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨 1-2%
纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂 4-5%
抗氧化剂 2-3%;
其中:
抗氧化剂为ZrB2、Al粉以及SiC粉的混合物,ZrB2、Al粉、SiC粉三者的质量比为1:0.9-1.1:0.7-0.8;
电熔镁砂,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料 18-22%
1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料 31-33%
0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料 34-37%
粒度≤0.088mm的粉料 12-14%。
纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂的制备方法为:首先将硅烷偶联剂KH-550添加到热固性酚醛树脂中混合均匀,然后将占热固性酚醛树脂质量12-13%的纳米炭黑添加到上述混合溶液中高速搅拌混合,制备得到纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂。
其中:硅烷偶联剂KH-550的加入量为纳米炭黑质量的12-13%;所述的高速搅拌的搅拌转速为3000r/min,搅拌时间为30-35min。
本申请中电熔镁砂粒度由2-3mm、1-2mm、0.088-1mm以及≤0.088mm四个级配组成,且粗颗粒和中颗粒的用量较多,细粉的用量较少,这样能够减少电熔镁砂颗粒总的比表面积,从而使得石墨的分布相对集中,由此提高制备的镁碳砖的抗侵蚀性能。此外,合理控制石墨的粒径,将石墨粒径控制在粒度≤0.15mm,既能够提高石墨的分散性,又能够阻止因为粒径过小而导致的石墨团聚,从而进一步保证了制备的镁碳砖的抗氧化性能。
抗氧化剂为ZrB2、Al粉以及SiC粉以特定质量比混合的混合物,作用机理为:ZrB2优于C与O2反应,从而抑制石墨的氧化,且生成的ZrO2具有优异的耐高温性能,生成的B2O3与MgO反应能够生成镁硼酸盐,镁硼酸盐在高温下为液态,能够填充气孔,从而进一步阻止石墨的进一步氧化。
由于ZrB2在温度较低时,不会优于石墨氧化,所以,必须格外添加可在低温下优于石墨氧化的物质,因此,创造性的添加Al粉,Al粉在低温下能够与石墨反应生成Al4C3,而Al4C3在高温下会分解并与CO反应形成Al2O3,Al2O3能够与MgO反应,最终生成镁铝尖晶石。且金属铝粉的添加能够提高镁碳砖的高温抗折强度。
虽然SiC不能优于C被氧化,但是SiC最终会转化为镁橄榄石相沉积在气孔内,堵塞气孔,从而降低氧化气体的扩散流量,进而提高镁碳砖的抗氧化性,且在高温下与ZrB2分解产生的B2O3反应,形成硼硅酸盐,温度继续升高时,B2O3挥发,会留下黏度较高的SiO2玻璃层,从而进一步提供有效的保护。
因此抗氧化剂创造性的选择ZrB2、Al粉以及SiC粉的混合物,从生成液相保护层、堵塞气孔以及生成新的晶相三个方面防止石墨的氧化,从而提高电炉用镁碳砖的抗熔渣侵蚀性能和抗热震性能。
本发明所述的电炉用镁碳砖的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)首先将电熔镁砂中2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料、1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料以及0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料加入到混炼机中进行混合,然后加入纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂进行混炼;最后依次加入粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨、电熔镁砂中粒度≤0.088mm的粉料以及抗氧化剂混合均匀;
(2)于一定压力下压制成型后进行热处理,制备得到电炉用镁碳砖。
其中:
步骤(2)中压制成型压力为180-200MPa。
步骤(2)中热处理温度为220-225℃,热处理时间为18-20h。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明所述的电炉用镁碳砖,选用不同粒径的电熔镁砂颗粒料和粉料与鳞片石墨复配使用,通过减少电熔镁砂的总比表面积,提高鳞片石墨的分散性,阻止鳞片石墨的团聚,从而提高电炉用镁碳砖的抗氧化性能;以纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂作为结合剂,提高酚醛树脂的耐热性,添加ZrB2、Al粉以及SiC粉的混合物作为抗氧化剂,提高镁碳砖的抗氧化性能,使得制备的电炉用镁碳砖具有很好的抗渣渗透性能和抗热震性能。
(2)本发明所述的电炉用镁碳砖的制备方法,工艺参数易于实现,操作方法简单。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
本实施例1所述的电炉用镁碳砖,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
电熔镁砂 92%
粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨 1.5%
纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂 4.5%
抗氧化剂 2%;
其中:
抗氧化剂为ZrB2、Al粉以及SiC粉的混合物,ZrB2、Al粉、SiC粉三者的质量比为1:1.1:0.7;
电熔镁砂,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料 20%
1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料 32%
0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料 35%
粒度≤0.088mm的粉料 13%。
纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂的制备方法为:首先将硅烷偶联剂KH-550添加到热固性酚醛树脂中混合均匀,然后将占热固性酚醛树脂质量12.5%的纳米炭黑添加到上述混合溶液中高速搅拌混合,制备得到纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂。
其中:硅烷偶联剂KH-550的加入量为纳米炭黑质量的12.5%;所述的高速搅拌的搅拌转速为3000r/min,搅拌时间为33min。
本实施例1所述的电炉用镁碳砖的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)首先将电熔镁砂中2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料、1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料以及0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料加入到混炼机中进行混合,然后加入纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂进行混炼;最后依次加入粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨、电熔镁砂中粒度≤0.088mm的粉料以及抗氧化剂混合均匀;
(2)于一定压力下压制成型后进行热处理,制备得到电炉用镁碳砖。
其中:
步骤(2)中压制成型压力为200MPa。
步骤(2)中热处理温度为220℃,热处理时间为20h。
实施例2
本实施例2所述的电炉用镁碳砖,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
电熔镁砂 91%
粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨 2%
纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂 4%
抗氧化剂 3%;
其中:
抗氧化剂为ZrB2、Al粉以及SiC粉的混合物,ZrB2、Al粉、SiC粉三者的质量比为1:0.9: 0.8;
电熔镁砂,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料 18%
1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料 31%
0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料 37%
粒度≤0.088mm的粉料 14%。
纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂的制备方法为:首先将硅烷偶联剂KH-550添加到热固性酚醛树脂中混合均匀,然后将占热固性酚醛树脂质量13%的纳米炭黑添加到上述混合溶液中高速搅拌混合,制备得到纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂。
其中:硅烷偶联剂KH-550的加入量为纳米炭黑质量的13%;所述的高速搅拌的搅拌转速为3000r/min,搅拌时间为35min。
本实施例2所述的电炉用镁碳砖的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)首先将电熔镁砂中2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料、1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料以及0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料加入到混炼机中进行混合,然后加入纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂进行混炼;最后依次加入粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨、电熔镁砂中粒度≤0.088mm的粉料以及抗氧化剂混合均匀;
(2)于一定压力下压制成型后进行热处理,制备得到电炉用镁碳砖。
其中:
步骤(2)中压制成型压力为180MPa。
步骤(2)中热处理温度为223℃,热处理时间为19h。
实施例3
本实施例3所述的电炉用镁碳砖,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
电熔镁砂 91.5%
粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨 1%
纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂 5%
抗氧化剂 2.5%;
其中:
抗氧化剂为ZrB2、Al粉以及SiC粉的混合物,ZrB2、Al粉、SiC粉三者的质量比为1:1.0: 0.8;
电熔镁砂,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料 22%
1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料 32%
0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料 34%
粒度≤0.088mm的粉料 12%。
纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂的制备方法为:首先将硅烷偶联剂KH-550添加到热固性酚醛树脂中混合均匀,然后将占热固性酚醛树脂质量12%的纳米炭黑添加到上述混合溶液中高速搅拌混合,制备得到纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂。
其中:硅烷偶联剂KH-550的加入量为纳米炭黑质量的12%;所述的高速搅拌的搅拌转速为3000r/min,搅拌时间为30min。
本实施例3所述的电炉用镁碳砖的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)首先将电熔镁砂中2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料、1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料以及0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料加入到混炼机中进行混合,然后加入纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂进行混炼;最后依次加入粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨、电熔镁砂中粒度≤0.088mm的粉料以及抗氧化剂混合均匀;
(2)于一定压力下压制成型后进行热处理,制备得到电炉用镁碳砖。
其中:
步骤(2)中压制成型压力为190MPa。
步骤(2)中热处理温度为225℃,热处理时间为18h。
对比例1
本对比例1所述的电炉用镁碳砖的制备方法、原料的用量关系与实施例1相同,除抗氧化剂外,其余原料的原料组成也相同,对比例1中所述的抗氧化剂为ZrB2与SiC粉的混合物,ZrB2与SiC粉二者的质量比为1:0.7。
对比例2
本对比例2所述的电炉用镁碳砖的制备方法、原料的用量关系与实施例1相同,除抗氧化剂外,其余原料的原料组成也相同,对比例2中所述的抗氧化剂为Al粉与SiC粉的混合物,Al粉与SiC粉二者的质量比为1.1:0.7。
对比例3
本对比例3所述的电炉用镁碳砖的制备方法与实施例1相同,唯一的不同点在于,原料组成不同:
本对比例3所述的电炉用镁碳砖,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
电熔镁砂 92%
粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨 1.5%
热固性酚醛树脂 4.5%
抗氧化剂 2%;
其中:
抗氧化剂为ZrB2以及Al粉的混合物,ZrB2与Al粉二者的质量比为1:1.1;
电熔镁砂,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料 25%
1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料 25%
0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料 30%
粒度≤0.088mm的粉料 20%。
对实施例1-3以及对比例1-3制备得到的电炉用镁碳砖进行性能测试,结果如下表1所示,其中,抗热震次数的测试方法为:950℃热处理后风急冷,随后施加0.3MPa压强,试样未被破坏则进行下一次抗热震测试,以抗热震次数进行抗热震性能表征。
表1 电炉用镁碳砖性能测试结果
通过实施例1-3以及对比例1-3的试验结果可以看出,抗氧化剂的原料组成、用量关系以及电熔镁砂之间的粒径配比均对制备的镁碳砖的高温抗折强度、抗氧化性能、抗热震次数和抗渣性能有显著的影响。
Claims (4)
1.一种电炉用镁碳砖,其特征在于:以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
电熔镁砂 91-92%
粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨 1-2%
纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂 4-5%
抗氧化剂 2-3%;
其中:
抗氧化剂为ZrB2、Al粉以及SiC粉的混合物,ZrB2、Al粉、SiC粉三者的质量比为1:0.9-1.1:0.7-0.8;
电熔镁砂,以质量百分数计,原料组成如下:
2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料 18-22%
1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料 31-33%
0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料 34-37%
粒度≤0.088mm的粉料 12-14%;
所述的电炉用镁碳砖的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)首先将电熔镁砂中2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料、1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料以及0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料加入到混炼机中进行混合,然后加入纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂进行混炼;最后依次加入粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨、电熔镁砂中粒度≤0.088mm的粉料以及抗氧化剂混合均匀;
(2)于一定压力下压制成型后进行热处理,制备得到电炉用镁碳砖;
其中:
步骤(2)中压制成型压力为180-200MPa;
步骤(2)中热处理温度为220-225℃,热处理时间为18-20h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电炉用镁碳砖,其特征在于:纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂的制备方法为:首先将硅烷偶联剂KH-550添加到热固性酚醛树脂中混合均匀,然后将占热固性酚醛树脂质量12-13%的纳米炭黑添加到上述混合溶液中高速搅拌混合,制备得到纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电炉用镁碳砖,其特征在于:硅烷偶联剂KH-550的加入量为纳米炭黑质量的12-13%;所述的高速搅拌的搅拌转速为3000r/min,搅拌时间为30-35min。
4.一种权利要求1所述的电炉用镁碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于:由以下步骤组成:
(1)首先将电熔镁砂中2mm<粒度≤3mm的颗粒料、1mm<粒度≤2mm的颗粒料以及0.088mm<粒度≤1mm的颗粒料加入到混炼机中进行混合,然后加入纳米炭黑改性热固性酚醛树脂进行混炼;最后依次加入粒度≤0.15mm的鳞片石墨、电熔镁砂中粒度≤0.088mm的粉料以及抗氧化剂混合均匀;
(2)于一定压力下压制成型后进行热处理,制备得到电炉用镁碳砖。
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