CN115071908A - Structure of offshore platform upper module and design method and installation method thereof - Google Patents
Structure of offshore platform upper module and design method and installation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115071908A CN115071908A CN202111274551.3A CN202111274551A CN115071908A CN 115071908 A CN115071908 A CN 115071908A CN 202111274551 A CN202111274551 A CN 202111274551A CN 115071908 A CN115071908 A CN 115071908A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/30—Moving or transporting modules or hull blocks to assembly sites, e.g. by rolling, lifting or floating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/20—Building or assembling prefabricated vessel modules or parts other than hull blocks, e.g. engine rooms, rudders, propellers, superstructures, berths, holds or tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
- B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a structure of an upper module of an offshore platform, a design method and an installation method thereof, relating to the technical field of ocean engineering, wherein the upper module is provided with a hoisting assembly and a floating assembly; the floating support assembly comprises supporting pieces arranged on two sides of the upper module; the supporting piece is matched with a bearing frame of the floatover barge; the hoisting assembly is matched with hoisting devices of a floating crane ship and the like. The upper module can meet the hoisting working condition and the floating support installation working condition, and meets the condition that the installation resources and methods are not determined in the design stage; and when the installation is close to the later stage of the project, carrying out installation economic evaluation again according to installation resources and market conditions to select an installation method with optimal economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, in particular to a structure of an upper module of an offshore platform and a design method and an installation method thereof.
Background
The large-scale offshore oil and gas fields are developed more and more at home and abroad, in the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources, an offshore platform is a very important component, and the installation resources of the offshore platform often become the limiting conditions of platform design.
At present, the installation mode of the common offshore platform mainly comprises floating crane installation and floating support installation. The floating crane installation is limited by the hoisting capacity of the floating crane ship, so that the floating crane is suitable for modules with relatively light platform weight, the offshore hoisting mode is relatively simple to install, the available floating crane resources are limited, and the construction difficulty is influenced to a certain extent; with the development of the float-over installation technology, the float-over is installed on the upper part of a large-scale platform, the application of the modules is more and more extensive, the traditional float-over installation mainly adopts a single-ship float-over mode, and an adaptive barge is selected according to the weight of the platform, but the application of the modules on small and medium-sized platforms, particularly the modules below 5000t, has great limitation. The installation mode is generally determined at the beginning of design based on the obtained installation resources.
In the installation process of the offshore platform, construction resource selection has a plurality of uncertain factors, and the installation resource is not easy to lock for a long time in advance, so that the installation method of the offshore platform is difficult to be determined in the early design stage. The offshore hoisting mode has relatively low construction difficulty, but has great dependence on movable floating crane resources, and the hoisting height of the floating crane needs to be fully considered besides the hoisting capacity of the floating crane. The minimum distance between each structural component and the suspension arm and between the floating crane and the jacket is required to be met during hoisting, and the selection of the floating crane is very limited. Meanwhile, the window period of offshore operation is limited, the dispatching cost is high, the structural design of the offshore platform is often restricted, and even when the offshore platform is installed, the integral structure needs to be disassembled, and the offshore platform needs to be hoisted in blocks. The float-over method is often used for large topside modules mounted to the jacket, which may be affected by float-over barges, and adds size and weight to the jacket slot design to meet barge width and stability requirements.
Therefore, when the existing offshore platform is designed, only one of a hoisting method and a floating method is selected for structural design, so that great influence is brought to the availability, selectivity and economy of installation resources in the implementation and installation stage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a structure of an upper module of an offshore platform, a design method and an installation method thereof, wherein the structure simultaneously meets the installation conditions of a hoisting method and a floating-supporting method, and is beneficial to carrying out installation economic evaluation on installation resources and market conditions in the installation construction stage so as to select an optimal installation method.
The invention discloses a structure of an upper module of an offshore platform, wherein the upper module is provided with a hoisting assembly and a floating support assembly; the floating support assembly comprises a support member arranged on one side of the upper module; the supporting piece is matched with a bearing frame of the floatover barge; the hoisting assembly is matched with hoisting devices of a floating crane ship and the like.
Preferably, the supporting piece is arranged at the end part of the supporting piece of the upper module;
the support member comprises a round bar disposed on the support member;
a groove matched with the round bar is arranged on the bearing frame of the float-over barge;
and reinforcing rod pieces are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper module to meet the strength requirement of the supporting piece, and each reinforcing rod piece comprises a transverse reinforcing rod and a longitudinal reinforcing rod.
Preferably, the mounting part of the support member is provided with an inclined strut member extending towards the inside of the upper module;
and the left side and the right side of the upper module are respectively provided with a group of floating support assemblies.
Preferably, the hoisting assembly comprises a hoisting eye arranged on the upper module beam;
the upper module is provided with a butt joint piece, a jacket is preset on the sea,
the butt joint piece is matched with the pile of the jacket.
The invention also provides a design method of the structure, which comprises the following steps:
designing a lifting eye according to a lifting scheme and floating crane parameters thereof;
locally reinforcing the hoisting point to obtain a hoisting structure;
carrying out working condition analysis on hoisting, and determining the feasibility of a hoisting structure;
designing a floating support assembly and a fulcrum position thereof according to a double-ship floating support scheme and parameters of a floating support barge;
reinforcing the floating support assembly to obtain a floating support structure of the upper module;
and (4) carrying out working condition analysis on the floating support to determine the feasibility of the floating support structure.
Preferably, the feasibility of the hoisting structure comprises: the hoisting point position is reasonably selected, the design of the hoisting point part is reasonable, and all structural members of the hoisting assembly are enough;
the feasibility of the floating structure comprises the following steps: the reasonability of the bearing positions of the supporting pieces and the bearing frames and the reasonable bearing of the counter force of the upper module to the bearing positions are realized, and the stability and the mobility of the barge are verified.
The invention also provides an installation method of the structure, which comprises a floating support installation method:
driving the transportation barge transporting the upper module to the vicinity of the jacket and anchoring;
moving the two floatover barges to opposite sides of the transportation barge respectively;
aligning the support of the upper module with the carrier on the floatover barge;
adjusting the ballast of said barge and transport barge so that the supports are supported on said receiving frames;
the upper module is separated from the transportation barge to realize the first load transfer;
moving the barge to the side of the jacket;
and ballasting the barge to enable the upper module to descend, and matching the butt joint piece of the upper module with the pile of the jacket to realize secondary load transfer to complete the positioning of the upper module.
Preferably, one transport barge is used for loading the upper module, and two float-over barges are used for transferring the upper module, namely at least three barges are adopted, and the transport barge and the jacket are in cross connection through mooring lines after anchoring;
the floatover barge is pulled to both sides of the jacket by connecting cables.
Preferably, the installation method comprises a floating crane installation method:
the floating crane ship hoists the upper module through the hoisting device;
moving the upper module over a jacket;
the upper module is gradually lowered so that the abutment of the upper module engages the pile of the jacket.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the upper module can meet the hoisting working condition and the floating support installation working condition, and meets the condition that the installation resources and methods are not determined in the design stage; and when the installation is close to the later stage of the project, the installation economic evaluation is performed again according to the installation resources and the market conditions so as to select the installation method with the optimal economic efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a floating crane of the offshore platform structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic buoyant lift diagram of the offshore platform structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the support member;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the support;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the connection of a floatover barge to a transport barge;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first load transfer;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a second load transfer.
The labels in the figure are: 1 upright post, 2 diagonal bracing rod piece, 3 diagonal bracing reinforcing rod, 4 longitudinal reinforcing rod, 5 transverse reinforcing rod, 6 supporting piece, 11 upper module, 12 lifting eye, 13 supporting piece, 14 butt joint piece, 21 jacket and 31 transportation barge; 41 floatover barge, 42 floatover barge carrying frame, 43 floatover ship and 44 hoisting device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
the structure of an offshore platform upper module, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an upper module 11 is provided with a hoisting assembly and a floating assembly; the float assembly includes Support members (DSU, Deck Support Units)13 disposed at both sides of the upper module 11; the support 13 is fitted with the receiving frame 42 of the barge float 41; the lifting assembly cooperates with lifting devices 44 of a floating crane vessel 43 or the like. Wherein the hoisting assembly comprises a hoisting eye 12 arranged on the upper module beam.
The upper module can meet the hoisting working condition and the floating support installation working condition, and meets the condition that the installation resources and methods are not determined in the design stage; and when the installation is close to the later stage of the project, the economic evaluation of the installation can be carried out again according to the installation resources and the market conditions so as to select the installation method with the optimal economic efficiency.
For example, if the preselected floating crane ship is abnormal, the floating crane ship cannot arrive at the site for hoisting operation, and other floating crane ships have no gear or have too high cost, the floating crane ship can be timely replaced by floating crane installation; or unexpected extreme weather is met, floatover installation cannot be carried out, and a proper floating crane ship can be used, so that the time cost is saved. The marine project usually lasts for a long time from engineering design to specific installation, and due to the change of the maritime work market, the renting situation of the floating crane ship can be influenced, so that the two schemes can be balanced once again when the installation period is close to, and a more economic installation scheme is selected. Therefore, the upper module of the offshore platform can better solve the problem that the availability and the economy of installation resources are uncertain in the design stage: the design of the upper module can be carried out with installation resources and methods not yet determined; the method can fully adapt to different construction sites and resources during offshore installation and implementation, and can meet the requirements of onshore hoisting operation and offshore floating and supporting installation operation; when the installation is close to the later period, the installation economic evaluation can be carried out again according to the installation resources and the market conditions so as to select the installation method with the optimal economic efficiency; will be in a favorable position when selecting installation resources and negotiating prices.
As shown in fig. 2-4, a support member 6 is provided at one side of the upper module, and a support member 13 is provided at an end of the support member 6; reinforcing rod pieces are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper module, one end of each reinforcing rod piece is arranged on one side of the upper module 11, the other end of each reinforcing rod piece is arranged on the supporting piece 6 so as to meet the strength requirements of the supporting piece 6 and the supporting piece 13, and each reinforcing rod piece comprises a transverse reinforcing rod 5 and a longitudinal reinforcing rod 4; the support 13 comprises a round bar arranged on the support 6; the barge float-over carrier 42 is provided with a recess (not shown) for engagement with the rod. When the weight of the upper module is transferred from the transport barge to the floatover barge, the round bars are butted against the grooves and can relatively rotate, so that the bending moment applied to the upper module induced by the wave force can be relieved. The installation part of the support 6 is provided with an inclined strut rod 2 and an inclined strut reinforcing rod 3 which extend towards the interior of the upper module 11 so as to strengthen the support strength; and the left side and the right side of the upper module are respectively provided with a group of floating support assemblies.
The supporting piece 6 is arranged on the shaft A on the left side of the upper module 11, the floating support assembly further comprises a reinforcing rod, and two ends of the reinforcing rod are respectively arranged on one side of the supporting piece 6 and one side of the upper module 11; the reinforcing rods comprise transverse reinforcing rods 5 and longitudinal reinforcing rods 4; wherein, a left supporting piece 13 is arranged at the outer end of the supporting piece 6, and a right supporting piece 13 is arranged at the lower side of the right upright 1 of the upper module 11. The B axis is the longitudinal axis in the upper module 11, and an inclined strut rod 2 and an inclined strut reinforcing rod 3 are arranged between the B axis and the upright post 1 to play a role in local reinforcement.
The left side and the right side of the upper module 11 are respectively provided with a group of floating support assemblies which can be installed by adopting a double-ship floating support method, so that the integration with a hoisting structure form is realized to the greatest extent, and the large increase of the overall dimension and the weight is avoided; compared with a single-ship floatover method, the method avoids notching the jacket 21 (for the floatover barge to pass through), greatly reduces the later workload and the implementation period, and forms an innovative design and project execution concept around offshore installation.
Wherein, the upper module 11 is provided with an interfacing member 14(LMU, Leg Mating Units), the jacket 21 is pre-installed on the sea, and the interfacing member 14 is matched with a pile (not shown in the figure) of the jacket 21. The LMUs are typically mounted at the bottom of the upper module legs to mitigate vertical impact forces during docking.
The invention also provides a design method of the upper module of the offshore platform structure, which comprises the following steps:
step 101: and designing a lifting eye according to the lifting scheme and the floating crane parameters.
Step 102: and locally reinforcing the hoisting point to obtain a hoisting structure.
Step 103: and (5) carrying out working condition analysis on the hoisting, and determining the feasibility of the hoisting structure. The feasibility of the hoisting structure comprises: the selection of the lifting point position is reasonable, the design of the lifting point part is reasonable, and all structural components of the lifting assembly are enough.
Step 104: the floatover assembly and its fulcrum location are designed according to the twin-hull floatover scheme and the parameters of the floatover barge.
Step 105: and reinforcing the floating support assembly to obtain the floating support structure of the upper module.
Step 106: and (4) carrying out working condition analysis on the floating support to determine the feasibility of the floating support structure. The feasibility of the floating structure comprises the following steps: the reasonable receiving positions of the supporting pieces 13 and the receiving frames 42, the reasonable bearing of the upper module 11 on the reaction force of the receiving positions, the stability and the mobility of the barge and the like are verified. Therefore, in the above design method, the overall dimensions of the upper module, the structural support positions under different installation conditions, and the overall arrangement of the structure, such as the positions and directions of the columns, the girders and the diagonal members, are comprehensively considered.
By the structural design, the structural stability of integral hoisting of the upper module of the offshore platform is ensured, and the implementation of hoisting operation is not influenced; meanwhile, by means of stability calculation and analysis, the balance of the system is kept by using different ballast schemes of the float-over barge, and an installation method for offshore float-over operation is formulated.
Fig. 5-7 illustrate the installation method of the offshore platform topside module structure of the present invention, i.e., the double-hull floatover method:
step 201: the transport barge 31 with the upper module 11 transported thereon is driven to the vicinity of the jacket 21 and anchored as shown in fig. 5. In order to prevent the jacket from being impacted by large power generated when the barge or ship is in motion, the fender may be installed on the barge.
Step 202: the two floatover barges 41 are moved to opposite sides of the transport barge 31, respectively. As shown in fig. 6, two floatover barges are moved to the upper and lower sides of the transportation barge, respectively. After mooring, the transport barge 31 is cross-connected with the jacket by mooring lines and winches, and the cross-connection mode is more favorable for controlling the movement of the barge. The distance between the transportation barge and the jacket is not suitable to be too far, about 50 meters, otherwise, the travel distance of the later floatover barge is increased, and risk factors are increased; secondly, the tension of the cross cable can be reduced, and the movement of the transportation barge is not easy to control
Step 203: the supports 13 of the upper module 11 are aligned with the bays on the floatover barge 41.
Step 204: ballast of the barge and the transport barge is adjusted so that the support members are supported on the receiving frames.
Step 205: the upper module is separated from the transport barge to effect a first load transfer. The movement of the butt joint position is small during load transfer, so that collision among different structures is avoided, and smooth transfer of load is ensured.
Step 206: the barge is moved to either side of the jacket. The barge is pulled to both sides of the jacket by connecting cables and winches to complete the positioning of the upper module.
Step 207: the barge 41 is ballasted to lower the upper module and the docking members of the upper module engage the legs of the jacket to effect a second load transfer, as shown in fig. 7.
When the double-ship floatover is used for installation, the ship entering direction and the environmental working condition are analyzed in advance, the operational probability (wortability) and the specific working time are determined, the structural orientation of the platform and the like can be influenced, and the transportation barge and the floatover barge are selected. The twin vessel floatover method is characterized by the use of at least three barges, namely one transport barge (which may have autopilot capability) for loading the upper module, and two floatover barges for transferring the upper module.
As shown in fig. 1, the upper module 11 can also adopt a floating crane installation method:
step 301: the floating crane ship hoists the upper module through the hoisting device.
Step 302: the upper module is moved over the jacket.
Step 303: the upper module is gradually lowered to engage the mating member of the upper module with the pile of the jacket.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The structure of the upper module of the offshore platform is characterized in that the upper module is provided with a hoisting assembly and a floating support assembly;
the floating support assembly comprises supporting pieces arranged on two sides of the upper module;
the supporting piece is matched with a bearing frame of the floatover barge;
the hoisting assembly is matched with the hoisting device.
2. The structure of claim 1, wherein the brace is provided at a brace end of the upper module;
the support member comprises a round bar disposed on the support member;
a groove matched with the round bar is arranged on the bearing frame of the float-over barge;
and reinforcing rod pieces are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper module to meet the strength requirement of the supporting piece, and each reinforcing rod piece comprises a transverse reinforcing rod and a longitudinal reinforcing rod.
3. A structure according to claim 2, wherein the mounting points of the support members are provided with diagonal bracing members extending inwardly of the upper module;
and the left side and the right side of the upper module are respectively provided with a group of floating support assemblies.
4. The structure of claim 1, wherein the lifting assembly comprises a lifting eye disposed on an upper module beam;
the upper module is provided with a butt joint piece, a jacket is preset on the sea,
the butt joint piece is matched with the pile of the jacket.
5. A method of designing a structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, said method comprising:
designing a lifting eye according to a lifting scheme and floating crane parameters thereof;
locally reinforcing the hoisting point to obtain a hoisting structure;
carrying out working condition analysis on hoisting, and determining the feasibility of a hoisting structure;
designing a floating support assembly and a fulcrum position thereof according to a double-ship floating support scheme and parameters of a floating support barge;
reinforcing the floating support assembly to obtain a floating support structure of the upper module;
and (4) carrying out working condition analysis on the floating support to determine the feasibility of the floating support structure.
6. The design method of claim 5, wherein the feasibility of the hoisting structure comprises: the hoisting point position is reasonably selected, the design of the hoisting point part is reasonable, and all structural members of the hoisting assembly are enough;
the feasibility of the floating structure comprises the following steps: the reasonability of the bearing positions of the supporting piece and the bearing frame, the reasonable bearing of the upper module on the reaction force of the bearing positions, and the stability and the mobility of the barge are verified.
7. A method of installing a structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the float-over installation method of:
driving the transportation barge transporting the upper module to the vicinity of the jacket and anchoring;
moving the two floatover barges to opposite sides of the transportation barge respectively;
aligning the support of the upper module with the carrier on the floatover barge;
adjusting the ballast of said barge and transport barge so that the supports are supported on said receiving frames;
the upper module is separated from the transportation barge to realize the first load transfer;
moving the barge to the two sides of the jacket;
and ballasting the barge to enable the upper module to descend, and matching the butt joint piece of the upper module with the pile of the jacket to realize secondary load transfer to complete the positioning of the upper module.
8. Installation method according to claim 7, characterized in that one transport barge is used for loading the upper module, two floatover barges are used for transferring the upper module,
after anchoring, the transportation barge and the jacket are in cross connection through mooring lines;
the floatover barge is pulled to both sides of the jacket by connecting cables.
9. The installation method of claim 7, further comprising a floating crane installation method:
the floating crane ship hoists the upper module through the hoisting device;
moving the upper module over a jacket;
the upper module is gradually lowered to engage the mating member of the upper module with the pile of the jacket.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115723916A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-03 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Method for improving transportation efficiency and safety of ship body sectional barge |
| CN115748633A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-07 | 中电建海上风电工程有限公司 | Construction method for hoisting by combining multiple fans with mobile wharf |
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