CN115067350A - Defoliation ripening composition and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Defoliation ripening composition and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115067350A CN115067350A CN202110269762.1A CN202110269762A CN115067350A CN 115067350 A CN115067350 A CN 115067350A CN 202110269762 A CN202110269762 A CN 202110269762A CN 115067350 A CN115067350 A CN 115067350A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/30—Derivatives containing the group >N—CO—N aryl or >N—CS—N—aryl
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
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- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a defoliation ripening composition and a preparation method and application thereof. The defoliating and ripening composition provided by the invention takes the defoliant and the single-walled carbon nanotube and/or silicon dioxide as active ingredients, and can improve the absorption efficiency of the leaves to drugs and the effect of improving the surface temperature of the leaves at low temperature. For example, the composition has high defoliation rate when applied to the environment with the daily average temperature of less than 20 ℃, can reduce scorched leaves and hanging branches, and improves the quality of machine-harvested cotton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton defoliation, and particularly relates to a defoliation ripening composition and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
China is the main raw cotton producing country and the consuming country in the world and plays a very important role in the international market. According to statistics of 2000-2018, the planting area of Xinjiang cotton is increased from 101.24 ten thousand hectares in 2000 to 264.4 thousand hectares in 2018, the same ratio is increased by 163.16 thousand hectares, the planting area of the cotton in China is increased to 78.8%, the yield is increased from 150.0 ten thousand tons in 2000 to 511.1 thousand tons in 2018, and the planting area of the cotton accounts for 83.83% of the total yield of the cotton in China. The cotton becomes the economic crop with the largest planting area in Xinjiang and the widest influence on the people benefiting effect, so that the healthy and continuous development of the cotton planting industry is ensured to have important significance for the social stability and the economic development in Xinjiang. In order to effectively solve the problem that the traditional manual harvesting needs a large amount of manpower and financial resources, the mechanical cotton harvesting technology is suitable for the field, wherein the chemical defoliation ripening technology is used as a necessary link of the mechanical cotton harvesting and directly influences the efficiency and the quality of the harvesting and processing of cotton.
Cotton defoliating agent products are various, but in practical application, defoliating effect often lacks uniformity between years and places. The effect of the defoliation and ripening composition depends on the metabolic activity of leaf cells and the absorption efficiency of the leaf to the medicament. Usually, the daily maximum temperature of the cotton defoliating and ripening composition agent is required to be not lower than 20 ℃ when the cotton defoliating and ripening composition agent is sprayed for use, the day number of the day with the daily maximum temperature of more than 20 ℃ can also directly influence the defoliating effect after the cotton defoliating and ripening composition agent is applied, and the defoliating and ripening effect of the cotton defoliating and ripening composition agent can be seriously influenced when the environmental temperature is lower than 15 ℃. In addition, the defoliating effect also decreases as the efficiency of the absorption of the agent by the leaves decreases. When the environmental temperature is lower, the metabolic activity of leaf cells is reduced, so that the defoliation effect of the defoliation ripening composition agent is reduced, and therefore, when the defoliation ripening composition agent is applied at a low temperature, the scorched leaves and branches are seriously hung, the quality of cotton is influenced, and the yield of the cotton is reduced. Therefore, the metabolic activity of leaf cells at low temperature is increased, the absorption efficiency of the leaves to the medicament is enhanced, the leaf removing efficiency of the leaf removing and ripening combination agent to the leaves can be effectively improved, the scorched leaves and the branches are reduced, and the quality of the mechanical cotton picking is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the technical problems, the present invention provides a defoliating and ripening composition comprising a defoliating agent and at least one of silica and single-walled carbon nanotubes.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in the defoliating ripening composition, a defoliating agent, and silica and/or single-walled carbon nanotubes are used as active ingredients.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the defoliant is selected from at least one of thidiazuron single agent, pyraflufen single agent, thidiazuron diuron, tribenuron ethephon, and diuron thidiazuron ethephon; preferably, at least one selected from thidiazuron single agent, pyraflufen-ethyl single agent and thidiazuron-diuron; more preferably thidiazuron diuron. The defoliant may be selected from the formulations commercially available in the art. Wherein the thidiazuron and diuron is a mixture of thidiazuron and diuron; the tribenuron-ethephon is a mixture of tribenuron and ethephon; the diuron, thidiazuron and ethephon are mixed agents of diuron, thidiazuron and ethephon.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the volumetric mass ratio of the defoliant to silica is (0.5-15) mL:1g, e.g. (0.75-5) mL:1g, exemplarily 1mL:1g, 1.5mL:1g, 2mL:1g, 3mL:1g, 4mL:1g, 5mL:1.5 g.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the volumetric mass ratio of the defoliant to single-walled carbon nanotubes is (10-100) mL:1g, such as (30-80) mL:1g, exemplary 5mL:0.15g, 5mL:0.75g, 10mL:1g, 5mL:0.45g, 5mL:1.5g, 20mL:1g, 30mL:1g, 40mL:1g, 50mL:1g, 60mL:1g, 80mL:1 g.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of single-walled carbon nanotubes to silica in the defoliating ripening composition is (0.01-100):1, for example (0.02-60):1, exemplary 0.025:1, 3:1, 5:1, 10: 1.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the weight percentage of the active ingredient of the defoliant is 5-95%, for example may be 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the silica is in the range of 5-500nm, such as 10-300nm, exemplary 15nm, 50nm, 100nm, 200 nm.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the defoliating ripening composition further comprises an agriculturally pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary. For example, the adjuvant is selected from at least one of alkyl ethyl sulfonate, silicone, vegetable oil adjuvant, and vegetable oil modified derivative; for example, the vegetable oil-modified derivative is selected from a vegetable oil sulfonated modified derivative or a vegetable oil epoxyethylated modified derivative; preferably, the adjuvant is selected from alkyl ethyl sulfonate, silicone or vegetable oil adjuvant; more preferably an alkyl ethyl sulfonate.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the volume ratio of defoliant to adjuvant is 1 (2-8), such as 1 (3-7), illustratively 1: 4.
According to an embodiment of the invention, ethephon is further comprised in the defoliating ripening composition.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the defoliating ripening composition further comprises water. Wherein, the amount of water can be 10000 times, such as 500 times and 5000 times, or 7000 times of the volume of the defoliant.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the defoliating ripening composition comprises thidiazuron diuron, single-walled carbon nanotubes, alkyl ethyl sulfonate, and optionally ethephon; wherein the volume mass ratio of the thidiazuron-diuron to the single-wall carbon nano tube is 5mL:0.75g, 5mL:0.45g or 40mL:1 g; the volume ratio of the thidiazuron-diuron to the alkyl ethyl sulfonate is 1: 4.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the defoliating ripening composition comprises thidiazuron diuron, silica, and optionally ethephon; wherein the volume mass ratio of the thidiazuron and diuron to the silicon dioxide is 5mL:1.5 g; the mass ratio of thidiazuron diuron to alkyl ethyl sulfonate is 1: 4.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the defoliating ripening composition comprises thidiazuron diuron, single-walled carbon nanotubes, silica, and optionally ethephon, with or without; wherein the volume mass ratio of the thidiazuron-diuron to the silicon dioxide is 5mL:1.5g, and the volume mass ratio of the thidiazuron-diuron to the single-walled carbon nanotube is 5mL:0.75g, 5mL:0.45g or 40mL:1 g; the mass ratio of thidiazuron diuron to alkyl ethyl sulfonate is 1: 4.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the defoliating ripening composition is a suspending agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the defoliation ripening composition, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing a defoliant, silicon dioxide and/or single-walled carbon nanotubes and optionally added or not added auxiliaries and/or ethephon according to the proportion to prepare the defoliating ripening composition.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the defoliating ripening composition comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing silicon dioxide and/or single-walled carbon nanotubes, an auxiliary agent and a small amount of water to obtain a mixture;
(2) and mixing the mixture with a defoliant, and optionally adding water or not adding water for dilution to obtain the defoliation ripening composition.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (1), the ratio of the amount of water to the volume of adjuvant is (1-3):1, for example 1.25: 1.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the mixing may be ultrasonic mixing.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (1), the mass concentration of the silica in the mixture is from 0 to 500g/L, preferably from 10 to 100 g/L. For example, it may be 0, 20g/L, 33g/L, 40g/L, 60g/L, 100g/L, 168g/L, 150g/L, 200g/L, 300g/L, 350g/L, 400g/L, 450g/L, 500 g/L.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (1), the mass concentration of the single-walled carbon nanotubes in the mixture is 0 to 300g/L, preferably 1 to 100 g/L. For example, it may be 0, 3.3g/L, 4.2g/L, 9.9g/L, 16.5g/L, 20g/L, 40g/L, 60g/L, 100g/L, 150g/L, 200g/L, 300 g/L.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the volume ratio of the defoliant to the mixture is 1 (2-15), e.g. 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1: 9.
The invention also provides application of the defoliation ripening composition in defoliation ripening of cotton, preferably in low-temperature defoliation ripening of cotton.
According to an embodiment of the invention, said low temperature refers to an environment with an average daily temperature below 20 ℃.
Advantageous effects
The defoliating and ripening composition provided by the invention takes the defoliating agent, the auxiliary agent and the single-walled carbon nanotubes and/or silicon dioxide as active ingredients, and can improve the absorption efficiency of leaves to drugs and the effect of improving the surface temperature of the leaves at low temperature. For example, the composition has high defoliation rate when applied to the environment with the daily average temperature of less than 20 ℃, can reduce scorched leaves and hanging branches, and improves the quality of machine-harvested cotton.
Detailed Description
The compositions of the present invention, methods of making the same, and uses thereof are described in further detail below with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.
The percentages in the invention are mass percentages unless otherwise specified; the water in the present invention is tap water or irrigation water, unless otherwise specified; the solution in the invention is an aqueous solution of water as a solvent if not specified; the normal temperature in the present invention generally means a temperature of 25 ℃.
The agents used in the following examples: the defoliant is thidiazuron or diuron, and alkyl ethyl sulfonate as assistant.
Examples 1 to 9
The preparation method of the defoliation ripening composition comprises the following steps:
(1) adding silicon dioxide and/or single-walled carbon nanotubes and alkyl ethyl sulfonate into 25mL of water, and ultrasonically mixing to obtain a mixture;
specific amounts of silica, single-walled carbon nanotubes and alkyl ethyl sulfonate are detailed in table 1;
(2) and (2) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with 5mL of defoliant, adding water to dilute the mixture to 15L, and uniformly mixing to obtain the defoliation ripening composition.
The defoliating ripening compositions of examples 1 to 9 were applied to half acres of cotton fields at a daily average temperature of 15 to 20 c, respectively. The resulting cotton plant samples were designated samples 1-9, respectively.
TABLE 1 defoliant Components and component ratios
After the defoliating and ripening compositions prepared in examples 1 to 9 and the control group (containing only the defoliant and the adjuvant compared with example 1) were sprayed on a cotton field for 12 days, the number of detached leaves and the number of uncracked bolls of the cotton plant samples of the samples 1 to 9 and the control group were counted and compared with the control group, respectively, and the difference between the number of detached leaves, the percentage of detached leaves, and the difference between the number of uncracked bolls and the percentage of uncracked bolls were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.
The number of fallen leaves is calculated by dividing the total number of leaves fallen by cotton in a half-mu cotton field counted by a worker by the total number of plants of cotton in the cotton field.
The number of uncracked bolls is calculated by dividing the total number of uncracked bolls of cotton in a manually counted half-mu cotton field by the total number of cotton plants in the cotton field.
The difference between the number of detached leaves (sample n) -the number of detached leaves (control group sample);
percent shed leaf (difference in shed leaf number/shed leaf number) (control sample);
number of uncracked rings (sample n) -number of uncracked rings (control sample)
Percent uncracked ring ratio (sample n)/number of uncracked rings (control sample).
Wherein n is any number from 1 to 9.
TABLE 2 results of the experiment
And (4) analyzing results: from table 2, the samples with better defoliation effect include sample 2, sample 3, sample 6, sample 7, sample 8 and sample 9, which are 41.29-58.18% higher than those in the control group; the samples with better uncracked bell number performance are sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, sample 7 and sample 9, which are reduced by 19.05-46.19% compared with the control group; the samples that performed well in both cases were sample 2, sample 3, sample 7, and sample 9.
Example 10
The difference from example 1 is that: the dosage of the thidiazuron and the diuron is 6mL, the dosage of the alkyl ethyl sulfonate auxiliary agent is 24mL, 4.2g/L of single-walled carbon nanotube and 168g/L of silicon dioxide (the particle size of the silicon dioxide is 15nm) are added into 40L of water and mixed uniformly, and the defoliation ripening composition is prepared.
Example 11
The difference from example 10 is that: no silica is present.
Example 12
The difference from example 10 is that: does not contain single-walled carbon nanotubes.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A defoliating ripening composition comprising a defoliating agent and at least one of silica and single-walled carbon nanotubes.
2. The defoliating and ripening composition of claim 1, wherein the active ingredient comprises a defoliating agent and silica and/or single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Preferably, the defoliant is selected from at least one of thidiazuron single agent, pyraflufen-ethyl single agent, thidiazuron-diuron, diuron-ethephon and diuron-thidiazuron-ethephon; preferably, at least one selected from thidiazuron single agent, pyraflufen-ethyl single agent or thidiazuron-diuron; more preferably thidiazuron diuron.
3. Defoliating ripening composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the volumetric mass ratio of defoliating agent to silica is (0.5-15) mL:1g, such as (0.75-5) mL:1 g.
Preferably, the volumetric mass ratio of the defoliant to single-walled carbon nanotubes is (10-100) mL:1g, such as (30-80) mL:1 g.
Preferably, in the defoliation ripening composition, the mass ratio of the single-walled carbon nanotubes to the silicon dioxide is (0.01-100):1, such as (0.02-60): 1.
4. A defoliating ripening composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the defoliating agent has a weight percentage of active ingredients of 5 to 95%.
Preferably, the particle size of the silica is 5 to 500 nm.
5. A defoliating and ripening composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said defoliating and ripening composition further comprises an agriculturally acceptable auxiliary. For example, the adjuvant is selected from at least one of alkyl ethyl sulfonate, silicone, vegetable oil adjuvant, and vegetable oil modified derivative.
Preferably, the vegetable oil modified derivative is selected from a vegetable oil sulfonated modified derivative or a vegetable oil epoxyethylated modified derivative; preferably, the adjuvant is selected from alkyl ethyl sulfonate, silicone or vegetable oil adjuvant; more preferably an alkyl ethyl sulfonate.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the defoliant to the auxiliary agent is 1 (2-8).
Preferably, the defoliation ripening composition further comprises ethephon.
Preferably, the defoliating ripening composition further comprises water, wherein the amount of the water is 10000 times of 100 times of the volume of the defoliant.
6. A defoliating and ripening composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the defoliating and ripening composition comprises thidiazuron diuron, single walled carbon nanotubes, alkyl ethyl sulfonate, and optionally ethephon with or without; wherein the volume mass ratio of the thidiazuron-diuron to the single-wall carbon nano tube is 5mL:0.75g, 5mL:0.45g or 40mL:1 g; the volume ratio of the thidiazuron-diuron to the alkyl ethyl sulfonate is 1: 4.
Preferably, the defoliating ripening composition comprises thidiazuron diuron, silica, and optionally ethephon; wherein the volume mass ratio of the thidiazuron and diuron to the silicon dioxide is 5mL:1.5 g; the mass ratio of thidiazuron diuron to alkyl ethyl sulfonate is 1: 4.
Preferably, the defoliating ripening composition comprises thidiazuron diuron, single-walled carbon nanotubes, silica, and optionally ethephon; wherein the volume mass ratio of the thidiazuron-diuron to the silicon dioxide is 5mL:1.5g, and the volume mass ratio of the thidiazuron-diuron to the single-walled carbon nanotube is 5mL:0.75g, 5mL:0.45g or 40mL:1 g; the mass ratio of thidiazuron diuron to alkyl ethyl sulfonate is 1: 4.
Preferably, the defoliating ripening composition is a suspending agent.
7. A method of preparing a defoliating ripening composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
uniformly mixing a defoliant, silicon dioxide and/or single-walled carbon nanotubes and optionally added or not added auxiliaries and/or ethephon according to the proportion of any one of claims 3 to 6 to prepare the defoliating ripening composition.
Preferably, the preparation method of the defoliating and ripening composition comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing silicon dioxide and/or single-walled carbon nanotubes, an auxiliary agent and a small amount of water to obtain a mixture;
(2) and mixing the mixture with a defoliant, and optionally adding water or not adding water for dilution to obtain the defoliation ripening composition.
8. The preparation method of the compound of claim 7, wherein in the step (1), the volume ratio of the water to the auxiliary agent is (1-3): 1.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass concentration of the silicon dioxide in the mixture is 0-500g/L, preferably 10-100 g/L.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass concentration of the single-walled carbon nanotubes in the mixture is 0-300g/L, preferably 1-100 g/L.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the defoliant to the mixture is 1 (2-6).
9. Use of a defoliating ripening composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, preferably for low temperature defoliating ripening of cotton.
10. Use according to claim 9, wherein said low temperature is an environment having a mean daily temperature of less than 20 ℃.
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2021
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