CN115065135A - Automobile charger, charging method and medium - Google Patents

Automobile charger, charging method and medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115065135A
CN115065135A CN202210825590.6A CN202210825590A CN115065135A CN 115065135 A CN115065135 A CN 115065135A CN 202210825590 A CN202210825590 A CN 202210825590A CN 115065135 A CN115065135 A CN 115065135A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
charging
circuit
voltage
battery
constant
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Granted
Application number
CN202210825590.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN115065135B (en
Inventor
吴中华
王乃幸
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Zhejiang Anban Automobile Safety First Aid Technology Co ltd
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Zhejiang Anban Automobile Safety First Aid Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210825590.6A priority Critical patent/CN115065135B/en
Priority to US17/821,324 priority patent/US20240017634A1/en
Publication of CN115065135A publication Critical patent/CN115065135A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an automobile charger, a charging method and a medium, wherein the automobile charger comprises an MCU (microprogrammed control Unit), a switch power supply circuit, a first charging circuit, a second charging circuit, a battery voltage detection circuit, a charging current detection circuit, a constant current drive control circuit, a constant voltage drive control circuit and a switch drive control circuit. The automobile charger is provided with the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit, can realize three charging modes of constant current, constant voltage and pulse for the battery, collects a real-time voltage signal and a real-time current signal through the battery voltage detection circuit and the charging current detection circuit in the charging process, outputs PWM signals with different duty ratios to the constant current drive control circuit and the constant voltage drive control circuit through the feedback of the real-time voltage signal and the real-time current signal and realizes the output of different voltage values and current values of the switching power supply, thereby carrying out different charging modes on the battery to be charged and improving the charging efficiency and the charging safety of the battery.

Description

Automobile charger, charging method and medium
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile emergency charging, in particular to an automobile charger, a charging method and a medium.
Background
With the gradual improvement of the living standard of people, vehicles have become main transportation tools. The automobile storage battery is an important tool for ignition of an engine, when the electric quantity of the automobile storage battery is insufficient, the automobile storage battery needs to be charged, and once the storage battery feeds electricity, the automobile cannot be started, so that the normal use of the automobile is influenced.
The existing automobile battery charger has the following defects: 1. the automobile charger has high failure rate and poor safety performance in the use process, has no intelligent analysis and judgment, and even influences the service life of the automobile storage battery; 2. the charging mode is unreasonable, so that the charging efficiency of the automobile storage battery is not high, and the automobile usage of an automobile owner is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a car charger, comprising:
the MCU controls the switching power supply circuit to output different charging modes according to the state of the battery to be charged;
the switching power supply circuit converts alternating current into direct current;
the first charging circuit is used for providing constant-current or constant-voltage charging for the battery to be charged, the first charging circuit is connected between the switching power supply circuit and the battery to be charged, and the input end of the first charging circuit is connected with the output end of the MCU;
the second charging circuit is used for providing pulse charging for the battery to be charged, the second charging circuit is connected between the switching power supply circuit and the battery to be charged, and the input end of the second charging circuit is connected with the output end of the MCU;
the battery voltage detection circuit is used for detecting a real-time voltage signal of the battery to be charged and feeding the real-time voltage signal back to the MCU;
the charging current detection circuit is used for detecting a real-time current signal of the battery to be charged and feeding the real-time current signal back to the MCU;
the constant current drive control circuit receives a constant current control signal of the MCU to adjust the constant current charging output of the switching power supply circuit;
the constant voltage drive control circuit receives a constant voltage control signal of the MCU to adjust the constant voltage charging output of the switching power supply circuit;
and the switch drive control circuit receives the switch control signal of the MCU to control the on-off of the switch power supply circuit.
The invention is further provided with a key circuit, wherein the key circuit is connected with the input end of the MCU and is used for adjusting and switching the type, the charging current and the charging current of the battery to be charged;
the display circuit receives the display control signal of the MCU and displays the current charging state;
and the over-temperature detection circuit is used for detecting the temperature signal of the battery to be charged and feeding the temperature signal back to the MCU.
The invention is further arranged that the switching power supply circuit comprises an overcurrent protection circuit, a surge protection circuit, a rectification circuit, a transformer circuit, a direct current output circuit, a switching power supply chip and a starting voltage circuit, the over-current protection circuit is connected with external alternating current, the surge protection circuit is connected between the over-current protection circuit and the rectifying circuit, the output end of the rectification circuit is respectively connected with the transformer circuit and the starting voltage circuit, the output end of the switch power supply chip is connected with the transformer circuit, the input end of the switch power supply chip is respectively connected with the constant current drive control circuit, the constant voltage drive control circuit and the switch drive control circuit, the transformer circuit is connected with the direct current output circuit, and the direct current output circuit is respectively connected with the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit.
The invention is further arranged that the battery voltage detection circuit comprises a resistor R64, a resistor R68, a resistor R70, a resistor R71, a resistor R72, a resistor R75, a diode D15, a capacitor C25 and an operational amplifier U2C, wherein the resistor R68 and the resistor R64 are connected in series, one end of the resistor R68 is connected with the battery to be charged, one end of the resistor R64 is grounded, the capacitor C25 and the diode D15 are both connected in parallel at two ends of the resistor R64, one end of the resistor R70 is connected with the other end of the resistor R64, the other end of the resistor R70 is respectively connected with one end of the resistor R71 and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2C, the other end of the resistor R71 is connected with a high level, one end of the resistor R75 and one end of the resistor R72 are respectively connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2C, the other end of the resistor R75 is connected with a high level, the other end of the resistor R72 is grounded, the output end of the operational amplifier U2C is connected to the first charging circuit in an inverse manner, and one end of the capacitor C25 outputs a voltage sampling signal VS to the input end of the MCU.
The invention is further configured that the charging current detection circuit includes a resistor R38, a resistor R44, a resistor R50, a resistor R58, a resistor R59, a resistor R61, a resistor R62, a resistor R84, a capacitor C24, a capacitor C30, a capacitor C31, and an operational amplifier U2B, the resistor R61 and the resistor R84 are connected in parallel, one end of the resistor R61 is connected to the battery to be charged, the other end of the resistor R61 is connected to one end of the resistor R59, one end of the resistor R59 is connected to one end of the capacitor C31, one end of the resistor R62 and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2B, the other end of the capacitor C31 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R62 is at a high level, one end of the resistor R44 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2B and one end of the resistor R38, the other end of the resistor R38 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R44 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U2B, One end of the resistor R50 and one end of the resistor R58, the other end of the resistor R50 IS grounded, the capacitor C24 IS connected in parallel with two ends of the resistor R44, the other end of the resistor R58 IS connected with one end of the capacitor C30, the other end of the capacitor C30 IS grounded, and the other end of the resistor R58 outputs a current sampling signal IS to the input end of the MCU.
The invention further sets the constant current control signal and the constant voltage control signal as pulse signals, and the first charging circuit is a charging loop which is closed by a contactor; the second charging circuit is a charging loop with a power transistor switched off.
A charging method adopting the automobile charger comprises the following steps:
overlapping an automobile charger between an external alternating current power supply and a battery to be charged, setting a battery type, a charging voltage and a charging current according to the battery to be charged, and starting charging;
collecting a real-time voltage signal and a real-time current signal of a battery to be charged, and controlling a switching power supply circuit to carry out different charging modes according to the real-time voltage signal and the real-time current signal of the battery to be charged; the charging mode comprises at least two of pulse charging, constant current charging, 0.5-time constant current charging, constant voltage charging, restoration charging and floating charging.
The invention is further arranged to collect real-time voltage signals and real-time current signals of the battery to be charged when the battery type of the battery to be charged is a lead-acid battery:
if the real-time voltage signal is smaller than the first voltage threshold, controlling the second charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a first constant current control signal to the constant current drive control circuit and a first constant voltage control signal to the constant voltage drive control circuit, wherein the second charging circuit outputs a pulse signal to perform pulse charging on the battery to be charged;
if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the first voltage threshold and less than the second voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a second constant current control signal to the constant current drive control circuit and a second constant voltage control signal to the constant voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs 0.5-time constant current charging on the battery to be charged;
if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the second voltage threshold and less than the third voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a third constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit and a third constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-current charging on the battery to be charged;
if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the third voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a fourth constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit and a fourth constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-voltage charging on the battery to be charged until the real-time current signal is less than the first current threshold, and finishing the constant-voltage charging;
after constant voltage charging is finished, disconnecting the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit to enable the battery which is finished charging to stand for a fixed time t, acquiring a real-time voltage signal again, and calculating a voltage drop value of the battery after the battery stands for the fixed time t; if the voltage drop value exceeds the voltage drop preset value, the battery is judged to be damaged, the first charging circuit is controlled to work, meanwhile, a fifth constant current control signal is output to the constant current driving control circuit, a fifth constant voltage control signal is output to the constant voltage driving control circuit, the output voltage of the switching power supply circuit is improved, and the battery is repaired and charged; and if the voltage drop value does not exceed the voltage drop preset value, judging that the battery is normal, and performing floating charging on the battery until the battery is charged.
The invention is further arranged to collect real-time voltage signals and real-time current signals of the battery to be charged when the battery type of the battery to be charged is a lithium battery:
if the real-time voltage signal is smaller than the fourth voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a sixth constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit and a sixth constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-current charging on a battery to be charged;
and if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the fourth voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, simultaneously outputting a seventh constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit, and outputting a seventh constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-voltage charging on the battery to be charged until the real-time current signal is less than the second current threshold, and the battery charging is completed.
A computer storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, implement the charging method described above.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
this technical scheme automobile charger is provided with first charging circuit and second charging circuit, can realize the constant current to the battery, three kinds of charge modes of constant voltage and pulse, gather real-time voltage signal and real-time current signal through battery voltage detection circuit and charging current detection circuit in the charging process, feedback through real-time voltage signal and real-time current signal, output the PWM signal to constant current drive control circuit and constant voltage drive control circuit of different duty cycles by MCU, realize switching power supply's different voltage value and the output of current value, thereby treat the rechargeable battery and carry out different charge modes, improve the charge efficiency and the charging safety of battery.
According to the charging method, the real-time voltage signals and the real-time current signals are collected in the charging process, the lead-acid storage battery or the lithium battery is charged in a segmented mode, the charging mode is switched reasonably, the charging efficiency of the battery is improved, meanwhile, the performance of the battery can be analyzed in the charging process, and the battery can be repaired.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a circuit of a car charger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a switching power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charging current detection circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a first charging circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second charging circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a switch driving control circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a constant current driving control circuit and a constant voltage driving control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a switching power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a start-up voltage circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an MCU circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, integrally connected, or detachably connected; either mechanically or electrically, or internally communicating two elements; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms according to specific situations.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1 to 11, the technical solution of the present invention is an automobile charger, including:
the MCU1 controls the switch power supply circuit to output different charging modes according to the state of the battery 13 to be charged;
a switching power supply circuit 2 for converting the alternating current into direct current;
the first charging circuit 3 is used for providing constant-current or constant-voltage charging for the battery 13 to be charged, the first charging circuit 3 is connected between the switching power supply circuit 2 and the battery 13 to be charged, and the input end of the first charging circuit 3 is connected with the output end of the MCU 1;
the second charging circuit 4 is used for providing pulse charging for the battery 13 to be charged, the second charging circuit 4 is connected between the switching power supply circuit 2 and the battery 13 to be charged, and the input end of the second charging circuit 4 is connected with the output end of the MCU 1;
the battery voltage detection circuit 5 is used for detecting a real-time voltage signal of the battery to be charged 13 and feeding the real-time voltage signal back to the MCU 1;
the charging current detection circuit 6 is used for detecting a real-time current signal of the battery 13 to be charged and feeding the real-time current signal back to the MCU 1;
the constant current driving control circuit 7 is used for receiving the constant current control signal of the MCU1 to adjust the constant current charging output of the switching power supply circuit 2;
a constant voltage drive control circuit 8 for receiving a constant voltage control signal from the MCU1 to adjust a constant voltage charge output of the switching power supply circuit 2;
and the switch driving control circuit 9 is used for receiving the switch control signal of the MCU1 to control the on-off of the switch power supply circuit 2.
In this embodiment, the method further includes:
the key circuit 10 is connected with the input end of the MCU1 and is used for adjusting and switching the type, the charging current and the charging current of the battery 13 to be charged;
the display circuit 11 is used for receiving the display control signal of the MCU1 and displaying the current charging state;
and the over-temperature detection circuit 12 is configured to detect a temperature signal of the battery 13 to be charged, and feed back the temperature signal to the MCU 1.
In the above embodiment, the key circuit may be sequentially switched by clicking a battery type switch key in an idle state, such as a lithium battery, a lead-acid battery, etc.; the key circuit can be switched in sequence by clicking a voltage switching key in an idle state, for example, the charging voltage is switched back and forth between 6V and 12V; the key circuit can be switched sequentially by clicking a current switching key in a no-load state, for example, the charging currents 2A, 8A and 15A are switched circularly, but in a lithium battery charging type, the charging current is locked at 2A.
In the above embodiment, the over-temperature detection circuit detects the temperature of the battery to be charged, and when the temperature is too high, the MCU controls the switch to drive the control circuit, so as to turn off the output of the switching power supply, or the MCU controls the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit, so as to turn off the connection loop between the output of the switching power supply and the battery to be charged.
In the above embodiment, the display circuit may display information such as different charging modes, charging currents, charging voltages, charging types, and malfunction alarms.
In this embodiment, with reference to fig. 2, 9 and 10, the switching power supply circuit 2 includes an overcurrent protection circuit 21, a surge protection circuit 22, a rectifier circuit 23, a transformer circuit 24, a dc output circuit 25, a switching power supply chip 26 and a start voltage circuit 27, the overcurrent protection circuit 21 is connected 28 to an external ac, the surge protection circuit 22 is connected between the overcurrent protection circuit 21 and the rectifier circuit 23, an output terminal of the rectifier circuit 23 is connected to the transformer circuit 24 and the start voltage circuit 27, an output terminal of the switching power supply chip 26 is connected 24 to the transformer circuit, an input terminal of the switching power supply chip 26 is connected to the constant current drive control circuit 7, the constant voltage drive control circuit 8 and the switching drive control circuit 9, and the transformer circuit 24 is connected to the dc output circuit 25, the dc output circuit 25 is connected to the first charging circuit 3 and the second charging circuit 4, respectively.
In the above embodiment, the constant current drive control circuit, the constant voltage drive control circuit and the switch drive control circuit are respectively connected to the switch power supply chip, and the switch power supply chip is used to adjust the output of the switch power supply and the on/off of the switch power supply, so as to realize constant current output and constant voltage output.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the model of the switching power supply chip is NCP 1252.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the starting voltage circuit steps down the rectified HV voltage to provide an independent operating voltage, and the following high level is provided by the starting voltage circuit.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the battery voltage detection circuit includes a resistor R64, a resistor R68, a resistor R70, a resistor R71, a resistor R72, a resistor R75, a diode D15, a capacitor C25, and an operational amplifier U2C, the resistor R68 and the resistor R64 are connected in series, one end of the resistor R68 is connected to the battery to be charged, one end of the resistor R64 is grounded, the capacitor C25 and the diode D15 are both connected in parallel to both ends of the resistor R64, one end of the resistor R70 is connected to the other end of the resistor R64, the other end of the resistor R70 is connected to one end of the resistor R71 and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2C, the other end of the resistor R71 is connected to a high level, one end of the resistor R75 and one end of the resistor R72 are connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2C, the other end of the resistor R75 is connected to a high level, and the other end of the resistor R72 is connected to the ground, the output end of the operational amplifier U2C is connected to the first charging circuit in an inverse manner, and one end of the capacitor C25 outputs a voltage sampling signal VS to the input end of the MCU.
In the above embodiment, the battery voltage detection circuit can not only detect the voltage signal of the battery to be charged when the battery is connected; the reverse connection voltage signal of the battery to be charged can be detected, and when the MCU acquires the reverse connection voltage signal, the reverse connection fault is displayed through the display circuit; the short-circuit voltage signal of the battery to be charged can be detected, when the MCU acquires the short-circuit voltage signal, the short-circuit fault is displayed through the display circuit, and the electric energy is forbidden to be output to the battery to be charged.
In this embodiment, with reference to fig. 4, the charging current detection circuit includes a resistor R38, a resistor R44, a resistor R50, a resistor R58, a resistor R59, a resistor R61, a resistor R62, a resistor R84, a capacitor C24, a capacitor C30, a capacitor C31, and an operational amplifier U2B, the resistor R61 and the resistor R61 are connected in parallel, one end of the resistor R61 is connected to the battery to be charged, the other end of the resistor R61 is connected to one end of the resistor R61, one end of the resistor R61 is connected to one end of the capacitor C61, one end of the resistor R61 is connected to one end of the resistor R61, one end of the resistor R61 is connected to one end of the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 61, one end of the resistor R61 is connected to the ground, and the other end of the resistor R61 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U2U 61, and the other end of the resistor R61 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U2 61, Resistance R50's one end with the one end of resistance R58, resistance R50's other end ground connection, electric capacity C24 IS parallelly connected at resistance R44's both ends, resistance R58's the other end IS connected electric capacity C30's one end, electric capacity C30's other end ground connection, resistance R58's other end output current sampling signal IS reaches MCU's input.
In the above embodiment, the resistor R61 and the resistor R84 are constantan wires, and are connected in parallel to be connected in the charging loop to detect the charging current.
In the above embodiment, the constant current control signal and the constant voltage control signal are both pulse signals, and with reference to fig. 5, the first charging circuit is a charging circuit that is closed by a contactor, the MCU outputs an ready signal to the input terminal of the first charging circuit, and controls the conduction of the transistor N2 to turn on the contactor REL1, so that the circuit between the output terminal of the switching power supply circuit and the battery to be charged is maintained to be conductive, thereby implementing constant voltage charging or constant current charging; referring to fig. 6, the second charging circuit is a charging circuit in which the power transistor is turned off, the MCU outputs an real 1 pulse signal to the input terminal of the second charging circuit, and controls the transistor N5 to be continuously turned on and off, so that the MOS transistor Q2 is continuously turned on and off, and thus the circuit between the output terminal of the switching power supply circuit and the battery to be charged is continuously turned on and off, thereby realizing pulse charging.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the MCU outputs the ON/OFF switching signal to the switching driving control circuit, and the output terminal of the switching driving control circuit is connected to the VCC pin of the switching power supply chip, so as to realize the output or disconnection of the switching power supply.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the MCU outputs the constant current control signals PWMC with different duty ratios to the constant current driving control circuit and outputs the constant voltage control signals PWMV with different duty ratios to the constant voltage driving control circuit, and the collector of the optocoupler U7 is connected to the FB pin of the switching power supply chip, so as to implement output of different charging modes of the switching power supply. The constant current control signal and the constant voltage control signal mentioned in embodiment 2 are pulse signals of different duty ratios.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the type of the MCU is not limited as long as the number of I/O pins meets the requirements of each circuit in this embodiment.
This embodiment car charger is provided with first charging circuit and second charging circuit, can realize the constant current to the battery, three kinds of charge modes of constant voltage and pulse, gather real-time voltage signal and real-time current signal through battery voltage detection circuitry and charging current detection circuitry in charging process, feedback through real-time voltage signal and real-time current signal, output the PWM signal to constant current drive control circuit and constant voltage drive control circuit of different duty cycles by MCU, realize switching power supply's different voltage value and the output of current value, thereby treat the rechargeable battery and carry out different charge modes, improve the charge efficiency and the charging security of battery.
Example 2
The technical scheme of the invention is a charging method, which adopts the automobile charger described in embodiment 1 and comprises the following steps:
overlapping an automobile charger between an external alternating current power supply and a battery to be charged, setting a battery type, a charging voltage and a charging current according to the battery to be charged, and starting charging;
collecting a real-time voltage signal and a real-time current signal of a battery to be charged, and controlling a switching power supply circuit to carry out different charging modes according to the real-time voltage signal and the real-time current signal of the battery to be charged; the charging mode comprises at least two of pulse charging, constant current charging, 0.5-time constant current charging, constant voltage charging, restoration charging and floating charging.
In this embodiment, when the battery type of the battery to be charged is a lead-acid battery, the real-time voltage signal and the real-time current signal of the battery to be charged are collected:
if the real-time voltage signal is smaller than the first voltage threshold, controlling the second charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a first constant current control signal to the constant current drive control circuit and a first constant voltage control signal to the constant voltage drive control circuit, wherein the second charging circuit outputs a pulse signal to perform pulse charging on the battery to be charged;
if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the first voltage threshold and smaller than the second voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a second constant current control signal to the constant current drive control circuit and a second constant voltage control signal to the constant voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant current charging on the battery to be charged by 0.5 time;
if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the second voltage threshold and less than the third voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a third constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit and a third constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-current charging on the battery to be charged;
if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the third voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a fourth constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit and a fourth constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-voltage charging on the battery to be charged until the real-time current signal is less than the first current threshold, and finishing the constant-voltage charging;
after the constant voltage charging is finished, disconnecting the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit to enable the battery which is finished to be charged to stand for a fixed time t, acquiring a real-time voltage signal again, and calculating a voltage dropping value of the battery after the battery is kept for the fixed time t; if the voltage drop value exceeds the voltage drop preset value, the battery is judged to be damaged, the first charging circuit is controlled to work, meanwhile, a fifth constant current control signal is output to the constant current driving control circuit, a fifth constant voltage control signal is output to the constant voltage driving control circuit, the output voltage of the switching power supply circuit is improved, and the battery is repaired and charged; and if the voltage drop value does not exceed the voltage drop preset value, judging that the battery is normal, and performing floating charging on the battery until the battery is charged.
In the above embodiment, the charging method is further explained for better understanding of the charging method for the segmented charging of the lead-acid storage battery with the charging gear of 12V: the MCU collects a real-time voltage signal and a real-time current signal,
if the voltage of the lead-acid storage battery is lower than 8V, pulse charging is carried out;
if the voltage of the lead-acid storage battery is higher than 8V and lower than 10V, performing constant current charging by 0.5 time;
if the voltage of the lead-acid storage battery is higher than 10V and lower than 14.2V, performing constant-current charging;
if the voltage of the lead-acid storage battery is higher than 14.2V, constant-voltage charging is carried out until the real-time current signal is smaller than a first current threshold value, and the constant-voltage charging is finished;
after the constant-voltage charging is finished, disconnecting a charging loop of the lead-acid storage battery, standing for a fixed time t, calculating a voltage drop value of the battery after the standing for the fixed time t, comparing the voltage drop value with a preset value, judging whether the lead-acid storage battery is normal or damaged, and if the lead-acid storage battery is damaged, increasing the output voltage of a switching power supply circuit, and repairing and charging the battery; and if the charging is normal, performing floating charging on the battery until the battery charging is completed.
In this embodiment, when the battery type of the battery to be charged is a lithium battery, the real-time voltage signal and the real-time current signal of the battery to be charged are collected:
if the real-time voltage signal is smaller than the fourth voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a sixth constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit and a sixth constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-current charging on the battery to be charged;
and if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the fourth voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, simultaneously outputting a seventh constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit and outputting a seventh constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, and performing constant-voltage charging on the battery to be charged by the first charging circuit until the real-time current signal is less than the second current threshold to finish the charging of the battery.
Example 3
A computer storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implement the charging method of embodiment 2.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A vehicle charger, comprising:
the MCU controls the switching power supply circuit to output different charging modes according to the state of the battery to be charged;
the switching power supply circuit converts alternating current into direct current;
the first charging circuit is used for providing constant-current or constant-voltage charging for the battery to be charged, the first charging circuit is connected between the switching power supply circuit and the battery to be charged, and the input end of the first charging circuit is connected with the output end of the MCU;
the second charging circuit is used for providing pulse charging for the battery to be charged, the second charging circuit is connected between the switching power supply circuit and the battery to be charged, and the input end of the second charging circuit is connected with the output end of the MCU;
the battery voltage detection circuit is used for detecting a real-time voltage signal of the battery to be charged and feeding the real-time voltage signal back to the MCU;
the charging current detection circuit is used for detecting a real-time current signal of the battery to be charged and feeding the real-time current signal back to the MCU;
the constant current drive control circuit receives a constant current control signal of the MCU to adjust the constant current charging output of the switching power supply circuit;
the constant voltage drive control circuit receives a constant voltage control signal of the MCU to adjust the constant voltage charging output of the switching power supply circuit;
and the switch drive control circuit receives the switch control signal of the MCU to control the on-off of the switch power supply circuit.
2. The vehicle charger of claim 1, further comprising
The key circuit is connected with the input end of the MCU and used for adjusting and switching the type, the charging current and the charging current of the battery to be charged;
the display circuit receives the display control signal of the MCU and displays the current charging state;
and the over-temperature detection circuit is used for detecting the temperature signal of the battery to be charged and feeding the temperature signal back to the MCU.
3. The vehicle charger of claim 1, wherein said switching power supply circuit comprises an overcurrent protection circuit, a surge protection circuit, a rectifier circuit, a transformer circuit, a DC output circuit, a switching power supply chip, and a start voltage circuit, the over-current protection circuit is connected with external alternating current, the surge protection circuit is connected between the over-current protection circuit and the rectifying circuit, the output end of the rectification circuit is respectively connected with the transformer circuit and the starting voltage circuit, the output end of the switch power supply chip is connected with the transformer circuit, the input end of the switch power supply chip is respectively connected with the constant current drive control circuit, the constant voltage drive control circuit and the switch drive control circuit, the transformer circuit is connected with the direct current output circuit, and the direct current output circuit is respectively connected with the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit.
4. The car charger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said battery voltage detection circuit comprises a resistor R64, a resistor R68, a resistor R70, a resistor R71, a resistor R72, a resistor R75, a diode D15, a capacitor C25 and an operational amplifier U2C, said resistor R68 and said resistor R64 are connected in series, one end of said resistor R68 is connected to said battery to be charged, one end of said resistor R64 is grounded, said capacitor C25 and said diode D15 are both connected in parallel to both ends of said resistor R64, one end of said resistor R70 is connected to the other end of said resistor R64, the other end of said resistor R70 is connected to one end of said resistor R71 and the non-inverting input terminal of said operational amplifier U2C, the other end of said resistor R71 is connected to a high level, one end of said resistor R75 and one end of said resistor R72 are connected to the inverting input terminal of said operational amplifier U2C, the other end of the resistor R75 is connected with a high level, the other end of the resistor R72 is grounded, the output end of the operational amplifier U2C is reversely connected with the first charging circuit, and one end of the capacitor C25 outputs a voltage sampling signal VS to the input end of the MCU.
5. The vehicle charger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said charging current detection circuit comprises a resistor R38, a resistor R44, a resistor R50, a resistor R58, a resistor R59, a resistor R61, a resistor R62, a resistor R84, a capacitor C24, a capacitor C30, a capacitor C31 and an operational amplifier U2B, said resistor R61 and said resistor R84 are connected in parallel, one end of said resistor R61 is connected to said battery to be charged, the other end of said resistor R61 is connected to one end of said resistor R59, one end of said resistor R59 is connected to one end of said capacitor C31, one end of said resistor R62 and the non-inverting input terminal of said operational amplifier U2B, the other end of said capacitor C31 is connected to ground, the other end of said resistor R62 is connected to a high level, one end of said resistor R44 is connected to the inverting input terminal of said operational amplifier U2B and one end of said resistor R38, the other end of said resistor R38 is connected to ground, the other end of the resistor R44 IS connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U2B, one end of the resistor R50 and one end of the resistor R58 respectively, the other end of the resistor R50 IS grounded, the capacitor C24 IS connected in parallel with the two ends of the resistor R44, the other end of the resistor R58 IS connected with one end of the capacitor C30, the other end of the capacitor C30 IS grounded, and the other end of the resistor R58 outputs a current sampling signal IS to the input end of the MCU.
6. The vehicle charger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the constant current control signal and the constant voltage control signal are both pulse signals, and the first charging circuit is a charging loop with a contactor engaged; the second charging circuit is a charging loop with a power transistor switched off.
7. A charging method using the car charger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
overlapping an automobile charger between an external alternating current power supply and a battery to be charged, setting a battery type, a charging voltage and a charging current according to the battery to be charged, and starting charging;
collecting a real-time voltage signal and a real-time current signal of a battery to be charged, and controlling a switching power supply circuit to carry out different charging modes according to the real-time voltage signal and the real-time current signal of the battery to be charged; the charging mode comprises at least two of pulse charging, constant current charging, 0.5-time constant current charging, constant voltage charging, restoration charging and floating charging.
8. A charging method according to claim 7, characterized in that, when the battery type of the battery to be charged is a lead-acid battery, the real-time voltage signal and the real-time current signal of the battery to be charged are collected:
if the real-time voltage signal is smaller than the first voltage threshold, controlling the second charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a first constant current control signal to the constant current drive control circuit and a first constant voltage control signal to the constant voltage drive control circuit, wherein the second charging circuit outputs a pulse signal to perform pulse charging on the battery to be charged;
if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the first voltage threshold and less than the second voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a second constant current control signal to the constant current drive control circuit and a second constant voltage control signal to the constant voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs 0.5-time constant current charging on the battery to be charged;
if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the second voltage threshold and less than the third voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a third constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit and a third constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-current charging on a battery to be charged;
if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the third voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a fourth constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit and a fourth constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-voltage charging on the battery to be charged until the real-time current signal is less than the first current threshold, and finishing the constant-voltage charging;
after the constant voltage charging is finished, disconnecting the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit to enable the battery which is finished to be charged to stand for a fixed time t, acquiring a real-time voltage signal again, and calculating a voltage dropping value of the battery after the battery is kept for the fixed time t; if the voltage drop value exceeds the voltage drop preset value, the battery is judged to be damaged, the first charging circuit is controlled to work, meanwhile, a fifth constant current control signal is output to the constant current driving control circuit, a fifth constant voltage control signal is output to the constant voltage driving control circuit, the output voltage of the switching power supply circuit is improved, and the battery is repaired and charged; and if the voltage drop value does not exceed the voltage drop preset value, judging that the battery is normal, and performing floating charging on the battery until the battery is charged.
9. The charging method according to claim 7, wherein when the battery type of the battery to be charged is a lithium battery, the real-time voltage signal and the real-time current signal of the battery to be charged are collected:
if the real-time voltage signal is smaller than the fourth voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, and simultaneously outputting a sixth constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit and a sixth constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-current charging on the battery to be charged;
and if the real-time voltage signal is greater than the fourth voltage threshold, controlling the first charging circuit to work, simultaneously outputting a seventh constant-current control signal to the constant-current drive control circuit, and outputting a seventh constant-voltage control signal to the constant-voltage drive control circuit, wherein the first charging circuit performs constant-voltage charging on the battery to be charged until the real-time current signal is less than the second current threshold, and the battery charging is completed.
10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that it has stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement a charging method according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
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