CN115064731B - Air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating humidifying device - Google Patents

Air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating humidifying device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115064731B
CN115064731B CN202210911729.9A CN202210911729A CN115064731B CN 115064731 B CN115064731 B CN 115064731B CN 202210911729 A CN202210911729 A CN 202210911729A CN 115064731 B CN115064731 B CN 115064731B
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air
cathode
air inlet
fuel cell
spray head
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CN115064731A (en
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涂正凯
余纤纤
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126Humidifying
    • H01M8/04141Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022Heating by combustion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device and method of an air-cooled fuel cell, which belong to the field of fuel cells and are used for being connected with a cell stack of the fuel cell. The cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device for the air-cooled fuel cell recycles hydrogen and water vapor in the electric pile, simplifies the structure of the electric pile, reduces the production cost and has good stability.

Description

Air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating humidifying device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device of an air-cooled fuel cell.
Background
The air-cooled fuel cell is characterized in that an open cathode structure is designed, air is blown into the cathode through a fan to provide air required by reaction for the electric pile, and excessive heat of the electric pile is taken away by excessive blown air. In the working process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the proton exchange membrane needs to keep a certain wettability to keep high conductivity and good operation characteristics of protons, and the air-cooled fuel cell needs to be additionally provided with a humidifying device because of the cathode air supply characteristic, so that the fuel cell has a complex structure and high production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims at a cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device of an air-cooled fuel cell, and aims to solve the problems that the structure is complex, the production cost is high, and hydrogen and water vapor in anode pulse rows can not be recycled when fuel is subjected to electromagnetic heating and humidifying.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device, which is used for being connected with a cell stack of a fuel cell and comprises a nozzle assembly used for guiding hydrogen and water vapor in an anode of the cell stack into a cathode air inlet of the cell stack, one end of the nozzle assembly is communicated with an anode air outlet of the cell stack, the other end of the nozzle assembly is communicated with the cathode air inlet and is provided with an air inlet gap, an air outlet surface of the nozzle assembly is parallel to the cathode air inlet, and a fan used for guiding the hydrogen and the water vapor in the nozzle assembly into the cathode air inlet is arranged between the nozzle assembly and the cell stack.
Still further, the fan is parallel to the outlet face of the showerhead assembly and the fan is located between the outlet face of the showerhead assembly and the cathode inlet.
Further, the fan is parallel to the outlet face of the nozzle assembly and is located outside the cathode outlet of the stack.
Still further, the shower nozzle subassembly is including the shower nozzle main part, be equipped with on the shower nozzle main part be used for with the air inlet pipe of positive pole gas outlet intercommunication, the face of giving vent to anger of shower nozzle main part with the negative pole air inlet is parallel, the equipartition has with the spout of air inlet pipe intercommunication on the shower nozzle main part.
Still further, the air intake gap has a width between 20mm and 60 mm.
Still further, the spacing between the jets is between 1mm and 10 mm.
Still further, the orifice diameter of the spout is between 0.1mm and 5mm.
Further, the cathode air inlet is provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a control module which are connected, and the spray head assembly, the fan and the control module are electrically connected.
Furthermore, the spray head main body is connected with the electric pile through a positioning screw rod, and scales are arranged on the positioning screw rod.
The application method of the cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device of the air-cooled fuel cell comprises the following steps:
s1, connecting an air inlet pipeline with an anode air outlet of a galvanic pile, fixing a spray head main body and the galvanic pile by using a positioning screw rod, and simultaneously arranging the spray head main body and the galvanic pile in parallel with a cathode air inlet, and adjusting an air inlet gap by using scales on the positioning screw rod;
s2, installing a fan between a cathode air inlet and a nozzle main body or installing the fan outside a cathode air outlet according to an air inlet mode of the fan;
s3, setting standard air temperature and standard humidity parameters by using a control module;
s4, comparing the actual air temperature and the actual humidity parameters at the air inlet of the cathode of the electric pile with the standard air temperature and the standard humidity parameters, which are measured by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor, so that the anode of the electric pile is subjected to anode pulse arrangement, and hydrogen and water vapor in the anode are conveyed to the spray head main body (21) from the air inlet pipeline (22) and are led into the cathode of the electric pile for heating and humidifying through the air force of the fan (3).
Compared with the prior art, the spray head assembly can be directly connected with the anode gas outlet and the cathode gas inlet of the electric pile through the technical scheme; the water vapor sprayed out of the spray head assembly is led into the cathode of the fuel cell by the fan, so that the cathode of the fuel cell can be effectively humidified, meanwhile, the air inlet of the cathode of the fuel cell can sufficiently dilute the hydrogen sprayed out of the spray head assembly, so that the concentration of the hydrogen is in a safe range, the hydrogen enters the cathode of the cell to generate hydrogen-oxygen catalytic reaction to generate heat, and the heat supplement of the fuel cell in a low-temperature environment is facilitated. The humidification waterway and the heating power consumption are not required to be additionally increased, an electric control device is not required to be additionally arranged, the gas exhausted from the anode pulse is reasonably utilized as a system supply, and the humidification waterway and the heating power consumption are suitable for long-term stable operation of the portable air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell system in a low-temperature environment, so that the system cost is greatly reduced, and the system efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device for an air-cooled fuel cell;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another state of the cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device of the air-cooled fuel cell provided by the invention:
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a showerhead assembly of the cathode catalytic heating humidifier for an air-cooled fuel cell according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic distribution diagram of the nozzle of the cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device of the air-cooled fuel cell.
The corresponding structure of each numerical mark in the attached drawings is as follows: 1-galvanic pile, 11-cathode air inlet, 12-cathode air outlet, 2-nozzle component, 21-nozzle main body, 211-air outlet face, 22-air inlet pipeline and 3-fan.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device, which is used for being connected with a fuel cell electric pile 1, and comprises a spray head assembly 2 used for guiding hydrogen and water vapor in an anode of the electric pile 1 into a cathode air inlet 11 of the electric pile 1, wherein one end of the spray head assembly 2 is communicated with an anode air outlet of the electric pile 1, and the other end of the spray head assembly 2 is communicated with the cathode air inlet 11 and is provided with an air inlet gap; the outlet face of the nozzle assembly 2 is parallel to the cathode inlet 11, and a fan 3 for introducing hydrogen and water vapor in the nozzle assembly 2 into the cathode inlet 11 is provided between the nozzle assembly 2 and the stack 1.
In order to facilitate the circuit control of the cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device of the air-cooled fuel cell, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are arranged at a cathode air inlet 11 and are connected with a control module, a spray head assembly 2 and a fan 3 are electrically connected with the control module, standard air humidity and temperature parameters are set through the control module, the actual air humidity and the temperature parameters measured by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are compared, and an anode pulse arrangement strategy is controlled; specifically, when the air humidity and temperature are lower than a certain value (for example, the humidity is lower than 30 percent and the temperature is lower than 10 ℃), the anode pulse-arrangement strategy adopts timing pulse-arrangement, so that the cathode inlet air can be humidified and heated in time; when the humidity is in a slightly dry environment (for example, the humidity is between 30% and 60%, and the temperature is lower than 10 ℃), the anode pulse-width strategy adopts single low-voltage pulse-width, so that hydrogen is saved to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the cathode air inlet is heated and humidified to a certain extent; the catalytic heating and humidifying device is of a pure mechanical structure and high in working reliability, and each component is described in detail below with reference to the embodiment.
The cathode of the electric pile 1 is blown by a fan 3, and the blowing mode is divided into blowing and induced draft; as shown in fig. 1, when the fan 3 adopts the air-blowing air-intake mode, the fan 3 is parallel to the air-outlet surface 211 of the nozzle assembly 2, and the fan 3 is located between the air-outlet surface 211 of the nozzle assembly 2 and the cathode air inlet of the electric pile 1, when the fan 3 blows air to the cathode air inlet 11 of the electric pile 1, a local negative pressure is formed near the air-outlet surface 211 of the nozzle assembly 2, and the hydrogen, water vapor and air in the nozzle assembly 2 are led into the cathode of the electric pile 1, so as to provide heat and moisture for the cathode of the electric pile. In the use process, the fuel cell stack generally adopts an anode closed operation strategy, when the stack is in closed operation, the cathode depends on the gas sucked into the air inlet gap by the suction fan, when the stack is obviously attenuated, the anode pulses discharge accumulated water and impurity gas, and when the anode pulses are discharged, the air sucked into the air inlet gap and the gas in the nozzle assembly 2 enter the cathode of the stack.
As shown in fig. 2, when the fan 3 adopts the air suction mode, the air outlet surface 211 of the nozzle assembly 2 is parallel to the fan 3 and is located outside the cathode air outlet 12 of the electric pile 1, when the fan 3 sucks air from the cathode air outlet of the electric pile 1, a local negative pressure can be formed at the cathode air inlet 11 of the electric pile 1, and hydrogen, water vapor and air in the nozzle assembly 2 are led into the cathode of the electric pile 1, so as to provide heat and moisture for the cathode of the electric pile.
As shown in fig. 3, the nozzle assembly 2 is used for introducing hydrogen and water vapor in a cathode air inlet 11 of a galvanic pile anode, and comprises a nozzle main body 21, an air inlet pipeline 22 used for being communicated with an anode air outlet of the galvanic pile 1 is arranged on the nozzle main body 21, an air outlet surface 211 of the nozzle main body 21 is parallel to the cathode air inlet 11 of the galvanic pile 1, nozzles 23 communicated with the air inlet pipeline 22 are uniformly distributed on the nozzle main body 21, the shape and the distribution state of the nozzles can be selected according to the power generation size of the galvanic pile and the time interval of anode pulse rows, and meanwhile, an air inlet gap can be adjusted, the air inlet gap is used for providing reaction air for the galvanic pile cathode, the width of the air inlet gap is between 20mm and 60mm, the nozzle main body 21 is conveniently fixed at the same time, the nozzle main body 21 is connected with the galvanic pile through a positioning screw, the positioning screw is correspondingly provided with scales for being separated from the galvanic pile cathode air inlet, the distance between the nozzle main body 21 and the galvanic pile cathode air inlet is flexibly adjusted, and the positioning screw is preferably 4; as shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, the spouts 23 are circular holes having a diameter of 0.1mm to 5mm, and the interval between the spouts 23 is 1mm to 10mm, preferably 1mm, and the interval is 5mm.
The invention also provides a use method of the cathode catalytic heating humidifying device of the air-cooled fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, connecting an air inlet pipeline 22 with an anode air outlet of a galvanic pile, fixing a spray head main body 21 with the galvanic pile by using a positioning screw rod, and simultaneously arranging the spray head main body in parallel with a cathode air inlet 11, and adjusting an air inlet gap by using scales on the positioning screw rod;
s2, installing a fan between the cathode air inlet 11 and the nozzle body 21 or installing a fan 3 outside the cathode air outlet 12 according to the air inlet mode of the fan;
s3, setting standard air temperature and standard humidity parameters by using a control module;
s4, comparing the actual air temperature and the actual humidity parameters at the air inlet of the cathode of the electric pile with the standard air temperature and the standard humidity parameters, which are measured by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor, so that the anode of the electric pile is subjected to anode pulse arrangement, and hydrogen and water vapor in the anode are conveyed to the spray head main body 21 from the air inlet pipeline 22 and are led into the cathode of the electric pile for heating and humidifying by the wind power of the fan 3.
In a low-temperature drying environment, the electric pile needs to maintain certain temperature and humidity, and the air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device provided by the invention can blow hydrogen sprayed from an anode into a cathode flow channel to generate partial heat by oxyhydrogen reaction, meanwhile, the water vapor accumulated by the anode can be blown into the cathode to provide a certain humidity environment for air entering the electric pile, so that the hydrogen, the heat and the moisture which are discharged to the atmosphere during the anode pulse discharge are recycled to the greatest extent, meanwhile, the heating and humidifying device is simplified and prevented from being additionally arranged, the structure of the electric pile is simplified, and the environment adaptability of the electric pile under the low-temperature drying environment is improved.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. An air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating humidifying device is used for being connected with a fuel cell pile (1), and is characterized in that: comprises a nozzle component (2) used for leading hydrogen in an anode of a galvanic pile (1) and water vapor in the anode of the galvanic pile (1) into a cathode air inlet (11) of the galvanic pile (1), one end of the nozzle component (2) is communicated with an anode air outlet of the galvanic pile (1), the other end of the nozzle component (2) is communicated with the cathode air inlet (11) and is provided with an air inlet gap, an air outlet surface of the nozzle component (2) is parallel to the cathode air inlet (11), a fan (3) used for leading hydrogen in the nozzle component (2) and water vapor in the nozzle component (2) into the cathode air inlet (11) is arranged between the nozzle component (2) and the galvanic pile (1),
when the fuel cell is in operation, the air inlet of the cathode of the fuel cell can sufficiently dilute the hydrogen sprayed out of the spray head assembly, so that the concentration of the hydrogen is in a safe range, and the hydrogen enters the cathode of the fuel cell to generate hydrogen-oxygen catalytic reaction to generate heat, thereby being beneficial to heat supplement of the fuel cell in a low-temperature environment.
2. The air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the air outlet surface of the fan (3) is parallel to the air outlet surface of the spray head assembly (2), and the fan (3) is positioned between the air outlet surface of the spray head assembly (2) and the cathode air inlet (11).
3. The air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the spray head assembly (2) comprises a spray head main body (21), an air inlet pipeline (22) used for being communicated with an anode air outlet is arranged on the spray head main body (21), an air outlet surface of the spray head main body (21) is parallel to the cathode air inlet (11), and a plurality of nozzles (23) communicated with the air inlet pipeline (22) are uniformly distributed on the spray head main body (21).
4. The air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the width of the air inlet gap is between 20mm and 60 mm.
5. The air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device as recited in claim 3, wherein: the spacing between the plurality of nozzles (23) is between 1mm and 10 mm.
6. The air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device as recited in claim 5, wherein: the aperture of the nozzle (23) is between 0.1mm and 5mm.
7. The air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the cathode air inlet (11) is provided with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor which are connected with a control module, and the spray head assembly (2) and the fan (3) are electrically connected with the control module.
8. The air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device as recited in claim 3, wherein: the spray head main body (21) is connected with the electric pile (1) through a positioning screw rod, and scales are arranged on the positioning screw rod.
9. A method of using the cathode catalytic heating and humidifying device for an air-cooled fuel cell as recited in any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
s1, connecting an air inlet pipeline (22) with an anode air outlet of a galvanic pile, fixing a spray head main body (21) with the galvanic pile by using a positioning screw, arranging an air outlet surface of the spray head main body (21) and a cathode air inlet (11) in parallel, and adjusting an air inlet gap by using scales on the positioning screw;
s2, installing a fan between the cathode air inlet (11) and the nozzle main body (21) according to the air inlet mode of the fan;
s3, setting standard air temperature and standard humidity parameters by using a control module;
s4, comparing the actual air temperature and the actual humidity parameters at the air inlet of the cathode of the electric pile with the standard air temperature and the standard humidity parameters, so that the anode of the electric pile is subjected to anode pulse arrangement, and hydrogen in the anode and water vapor in the anode are conveyed to the spray head main body (21) from the air inlet pipeline (22) and are led into the cathode of the electric pile for heating and humidifying through the wind power of the fan (3).
CN202210911729.9A 2022-07-27 2022-07-27 Air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating humidifying device Active CN115064731B (en)

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CN202210911729.9A CN115064731B (en) 2022-07-27 2022-07-27 Air-cooled fuel cell cathode catalytic heating humidifying device

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CN115064731B true CN115064731B (en) 2024-03-29

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CN115779304B (en) * 2022-11-25 2023-10-03 郑州轻工业大学 Compact type fire prevention monitoring system for fuel cell

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0980107A1 (en) * 1998-08-10 2000-02-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Equos Research Fuel cell system
KR101405689B1 (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-06-10 현대자동차주식회사 Humidifier for fuel cell

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0980107A1 (en) * 1998-08-10 2000-02-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Equos Research Fuel cell system
KR101405689B1 (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-06-10 현대자동차주식회사 Humidifier for fuel cell

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