CN112582638A - Air-cooled fuel cell system - Google Patents
Air-cooled fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112582638A CN112582638A CN201910943986.9A CN201910943986A CN112582638A CN 112582638 A CN112582638 A CN 112582638A CN 201910943986 A CN201910943986 A CN 201910943986A CN 112582638 A CN112582638 A CN 112582638A
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- hydrogen
- fuel cell
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- valve
- cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention provides an air-cooled fuel cell system which mainly comprises a hydrogen source, an air source switch electromagnetic valve, a pressure stabilizing valve, a hydrogen circulator, a tail exhaust electromagnetic valve, a fuel cell stack, an exhaust fan, a DC/DC inverter and the like. The hydrogen circulator can partially circulate the anode exhaust water part to humidify the fresh hydrogen. The tail discharge electromagnetic valve is used for discharging the gas containing a small amount of impurities in the hydrogen at fixed time. The fuel cell stack is in an open cathode structure, and air introduced by forced convection of an exhaust fan cools the cell and provides oxygen participating in electrochemical reaction. The input to the DC/DC inverter is the fuel cell output, and the DC/DC inverter may have one or more outputs to power exhaust fans and other electrical devices. The air-cooled fuel cell system is simple in structure, simple and reliable in component and process control, very suitable for large-scale processing and manufacturing, low in cost and practical in application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a battery system suitable for improving the performance of an air-cooled fuel cell.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a zero-emission power generation device which can be started quickly at room temperature, has low working temperature, low noise, environmental protection and high energy conversion efficiency, and is known as ultimate energy. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used for a mobile power supply, a portable power supply, an aviation power supply, a vehicle power supply, a fixed power station and the like, can meet the power utilization requirements of multiple fields, and is the fuel cell closest to practical application.
The hydrogen fuel cell is operated, and simultaneously generates about 40-50% of heat in addition to outputting electric energy externally. The cooling method of the fuel cell mainly includes two methods of liquid cooling (including water cooling) and air cooling. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel, a small amount of oxygen in air is used as oxidant participating in electrochemical reaction, and excess air is used for cooling the electric pile to make it work at a certain temperature (not exceeding 80 ℃). The air cooling technology discards a complex and bulky cooling liquid circulation and heat dissipation system (a cooling liquid tank, a cooling liquid circulation pump, a cooling liquid pipe, a heat dissipation sheet, a fan, an air humidifier, a plurality of sensors, an electromagnetic valve and the like) in the liquid cooling technology, and further discards a heavy and high-power-consumption air compressor (20-40% of the generated energy of a fuel cell is consumed in normal work), so that the whole system is simple, easy to operate and control and has wide application prospect.
In the air-cooled fuel cell, the cathode channel is open, in order to keep the cell running stably, when using the air of large dosage for cooling, the air blows to the surface of the cathode with high flow velocity, will take away the electrochemical reaction and produce water, make the proton exchange membrane in the dry state, make the membrane resistance rise like this, further cause the temperature rise of the cell, if reduce the temperature with the method to improve the blast volume, will make the whole process fall into the vicious circle. In order to solve this problem, a self-humidifying membrane prepared by modifying silica or the like is generally used, or a humidification and water retention treatment is performed on an electrode layer of a membrane electrode, so that water generated by an electrochemical reaction can be retained on a cathode side and reaches a membrane-wetted state.
Whether a self-humidifying membrane is adopted or water retention treatment is carried out in a cathode catalyst layer and a diffusion layer, the influence on the performance of the fuel cell caused by the change of environmental factors such as different temperatures, humidity and the like in reality is difficult to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the background technology, the invention provides an air-cooled fuel cell system aiming at getting rid of environmental restriction factors, which can not only improve the initial activity of the air-cooled fuel cell, but also has the stability, and has practical value and prospect, and the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an air-cooled fuel cell system, which mainly comprises a hydrogen source, a hydrogen circulator, a fuel cell stack, an exhaust fan and a DC/DC inverter, wherein the fuel cell stack is in an open cathode structure, the exhaust fan is arranged on the side surface of the fuel cell stack, air is introduced into the fuel cell stack through forced convection, and the introduced air is used for cooling a cell and simultaneously providing oxygen participating in electrochemical reaction. The hydrogen circulator is used for humidifying hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack, and the DC/DC inverter supplies power to the system, namely supplies power to the exhaust fan and other power utilization equipment in the system. They are connected to become an air-cooled fuel cell system. In the practical process, the components are highly integrated to form an external power supply according to the requirements of a user side or a general side.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the fuel cell stack comprises an anode hydrogen inlet and an anode hydrogen outlet; the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source enters the anode hydrogen inlet after being humidified by the hydrogen circulator, and the hydrogen discharged from the anode hydrogen outlet returns to the hydrogen circulator.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the hydrogen water circulator is a membrane humidifier or an ejector; the membrane humidifier comprises a fresh hydrogen inlet, a humidified hydrogen outlet, a humidified hydrogen inlet and a tail exhaust port; the ejector comprises a high-pressure gas inlet, a jet orifice and a low-pressure gas inlet;
when the hydrogen circulator is a membrane humidifier, the hydrogen source is connected with a fresh hydrogen inlet, the humidified hydrogen outlet is connected with an anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell, and the humidified hydrogen inlet is connected with an anode hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell; when the membrane humidifier is used, the reverse osmosis water carried out from the hydrogen tail gas discharged from the hydrogen outlet of the anode gas chamber of the fuel cell passes through the membrane of the membrane humidifier to humidify the incoming fresh hydrogen.
When the hydrogen circulator is an ejector, the hydrogen source is connected with the high-pressure gas inlet, the jet orifice is connected with the anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell, and the low-pressure gas inlet is connected with the anode hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell. The ejector is used to enable the hydrogen in the anode gas chamber of the fuel cell stack to be in an external circulation state, and reverse osmosis water and fresh hydrogen brought out from hydrogen tail gas discharged from the hydrogen discharge port of the anode gas chamber of the fuel cell enter the stack again, so that the hydrogen utilization rate is improved.
Based on the above technical solution, preferably, in the present invention, the hydrogen source is a hydrogen generator or a gas cylinder.
Based on the above technical scheme, preferably, the hydrogen source further comprises a cylinder valve (containing a pressure reducing valve), a switch electromagnetic valve and a pressure stabilizing valve which are connected with the gas cylinder, and also can be directly connected with a multifunctional valve which is formed by integrating the cylinder valve (containing the pressure reducing valve), the switch electromagnetic valve and the pressure stabilizing valve, and the cylinder valve, the switch electromagnetic valve and the pressure stabilizing valve are used for realizing the on-off control, pressure stabilizing and pressure reducing functions of the hydrogen source.
Based on the above technical scheme, preferably, the air-cooled fuel cell system further comprises a tail exhaust electromagnetic valve, wherein a tail exhaust port of the membrane humidifier is connected with the tail exhaust electromagnetic valve, or when the hydrogen circulator is an ejector, a hydrogen exhaust port of an anode of the fuel cell is connected with the tail exhaust electromagnetic valve. The tail discharge electromagnetic valve is used for discharging the gas containing a small amount of impurities in the hydrogen at fixed time.
Based on the above technical solution, preferably, in the present invention, the input of the DC/DC inverter is the output end of the fuel cell, and the DC/DC inverter may have one or more output ends to supply power to the exhaust fan and other electric devices.
Advantageous effects
1. The complex and bulky cooling liquid circulation and heat dissipation system (a cooling liquid box, a cooling liquid circulation pump, a cooling liquid pipe, a heat dissipation fin, a fan, an air humidifier, a plurality of sensors, an electromagnetic valve and the like) in the liquid cooling technology is abandoned, and the air compressor with heavy weight and high power consumption (20-40% of the generated energy of the fuel cell is consumed in normal work) is abandoned, so that the whole system is simple, easy to operate and control and has wide application prospect.
2. The power density and the energy density of the weight and the volume of the fuel cell system are greatly improved, more importantly, reverse osmosis water generated in anode tail gas is fully utilized to humidify fresh hydrogen, and the influence of the change of environmental factors such as different temperatures, humidity and the like on the performance of the fuel cell is thoroughly overcome.
3. Simple structure, easy processing and manufacturing, suitability for large-scale production and substantial cost reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of an air-cooled fuel cell system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an air-cooled fuel cell system with an integrated high-pressure gas cylinder as a hydrogen source;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of an air-cooled fuel cell stack;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the back of an air-cooled fuel cell stack;
fig. 5 is a graph of the performance of a forced air cooled fuel cell of example 1;
fig. 6 is a graph of the performance of a forced air cooled fuel cell of example 2;
fig. 7 is a graph of the performance of a forced air cooled fuel cell of example 3;
wherein, 1 is a hydrogen source; 2 a hydrogen water circulator; 3 a fuel cell stack; 4, an exhaust fan; 5 an inverter; 6 tail rows of electromagnetic valves;
1-1 gas source cylinder valve; 1-2, switching an electromagnetic valve by an air source; 1-3 pressure maintaining valves; 1-4 multifunctional integrated valves;
2-1 membrane humidifier; 2-2 of an ejector; the membrane humidifier comprises a fresh hydrogen inlet, a humidified hydrogen outlet, a humidified hydrogen inlet and a tail exhaust port; the ejector comprises a high-pressure gas inlet, a jet orifice and a low-pressure gas inlet;
2-1-a fresh hydrogen inlet; 2-1-b is humidified hydrogen gas outlet; 2-1-c humidifying hydrogen inlet; 2-1-d tail discharge port;
2-2-a high pressure gas inlet; 2-2-b jet ports; 2-2-c low pressure gas inlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 1, the air-cooled fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen source 1, a hydrogen circulator 2, a fuel cell stack 3, an exhaust fan 4, a DC/DC inverter 5 and a tail exhaust electromagnetic valve 6, wherein the hydrogen source 1 is connected with a gas cylinder valve 1-1, a gas source switch electromagnetic valve 1-2 and a pressure stabilizing valve 1-3, the hydrogen circulator is a membrane humidifier 2-1, the membrane humidifier 2-1 comprises a fresh hydrogen inlet 2-1-a, a humidified hydrogen outlet 2-1-b, a humidified hydrogen inlet 2-1-c and a tail exhaust port 2-1-d, hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source 1 enters the membrane humidifier 2-1 through the fresh hydrogen inlet 2-1-a, is humidified, is exhausted from the humidified hydrogen outlet 2-1-b, enters the fuel cell stack 3 from an anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 3, hydrogen in the fuel cell stack 3 and generated reverse osmosis water are discharged from an anode hydrogen outlet, return to a membrane humidifier 2-1 from a humidified hydrogen inlet 2-1-c, and then are discharged from a tail discharge outlet 2-1-d to be connected with a tail discharge electromagnetic valve 6, so that impurities in the hydrogen are discharged at regular time, the fuel cell stack 3 is in a cathode open structure, an exhaust fan 4 is installed on the side surface of the fuel cell stack, air is introduced into the fuel cell stack by convection through the exhaust fan, the input of a DC/DC inverter 5 is a fuel cell output end, the DC/DC inverter 5 is provided with an output end for supplying power to the exhaust fan, and other output ends for supplying power to the outside.
As shown in figure 2, the air-cooled fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen source 1, a hydrogen circulator 2, a fuel cell stack 3, an exhaust fan 4, a DC/DC inverter 5 and a tail exhaust electromagnetic valve 6, wherein the hydrogen source 1 is connected with a multifunctional integrated valve 1-4, the hydrogen circulator is an ejector 2-2, the ejector 2-2 comprises a high-pressure gas inlet 2-2-a, a jet orifice 2-2-b and a low-pressure gas inlet 2-2-c, hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source 1 enters the ejector 2-2 through the high-pressure gas inlet 2-2-a to be humidified and then is jetted from the jet orifice 2-2-b, the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack 3 from an anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 3, and hydrogen in the fuel cell stack 3 and generated reverse osmosis water are discharged from an anode hydrogen outlet, the gas returns to the ejector 2-2 from the low-pressure gas inlet 2-2-c, the hydrogen in the fuel cell stack 3 and the generated reverse osmosis water can be discharged from the anode hydrogen outlet at regular time through the tail discharge electromagnetic valve 6 to discharge impurities in the hydrogen, the fuel cell stack 3 is in an open cathode structure, the side surface of the fuel cell stack is provided with an exhaust fan 4, the exhaust fan introduces air to the fuel cell stack through convection, the input of the DC/DC inverter 5 is the output end of the fuel cell, the DC/DC inverter 5 is provided with an output end to supply power to the exhaust fan, and other output ends supply power to the outside.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a common steel cylinder with a volume of 40 liters and a pressure of 12MPa is selected as a gas source, a bode solenoid valve and an SMC pressure stabilizing valve are selected, a self-made membrane humidifier and a tail exhaust solenoid valve are selected, a 29-air-saving fuel cell stack and an axial flow fan are self-made, and a performance test is performed on the fuel cell, wherein the result is shown in fig. 5. At room temperature of 22 deg.C and relative humidity of 46%, hydrogen is used as fuel, and when hydrogen partial pressure (gauge pressure) is 0.05MPa, and air cooling is adopted for heat dissipation, current density reaches 0.6A/cm2The output power reaches 970W.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, a carbon fiber wound aluminum alloy bottle with a volume of 9 liters and a pressure of 35MPa is selected as a gas hydrogen source, wherein a bottle valve, a gas source switch valve and a pressure stabilizing valve are integrated, a self-made ejector and a tail exhaust electromagnetic valve, a self-made 32 air-saving fuel cell stack and an axial flow fan are selected for testing the performance of the stack, and the result is shown in fig. 6. At the room temperature of 24 ℃ and the relative humidity of 52 percent, hydrogen is used as fuel, when the hydrogen partial pressure (gauge pressure) is 0.05MPa, and air cooling heat dissipation is adopted, the current density reaches 0.65A/cm2, and the output power reaches 1250W.
Example 3
In order to test the stability of a fuel cell system except a degassing bottle, a concentrated laboratory pipeline is selected to continuously supply hydrogen to meet the demand of hydrogen consumption, and emergency manual operation is usedThe switching valve and the SMC pressure stabilizing valve test the stability of the fuel cell by using a self-control ejector and a tail exhaust electromagnetic valve, a self-control 32-air-saving fuel cell stack and an axial fan. The results are shown in FIG. 7. When the temperature is 22-25 deg.C and the relative humidity is 36-70%, hydrogen is used as fuel, when the hydrogen partial pressure (gauge pressure) in the galvanic pile is 0.05MPa, and when air cooling is adopted for heat dissipation, the current density reaches 0.65A/cm2And the output power reaches 1240W, and the performance is not attenuated after continuous operation for 200 h.
While the present invention has been described with reference to an air-cooled fuel cell system, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is illustrative of specific embodiments thereof and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any modification, scaling of the dimensional structures, equivalent replacement or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An air-cooled fuel cell system is characterized by comprising a hydrogen source, a hydrogen circulator, a fuel cell stack, an exhaust fan and a DC/DC inverter; the fuel cell stack is in a cathode open structure, the exhaust fan is arranged on the side face of the fuel cell stack, air is introduced to the fuel cell stack through forced convection, and hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source enters the fuel cell stack after being humidified by the hydrogen circulator.
2. The air-cooled fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen water circulator is a membrane humidifier or an ejector; the membrane humidifier comprises a fresh hydrogen inlet, a humidified hydrogen outlet, a humidified hydrogen inlet and a tail exhaust port; the ejector comprises a high-pressure gas inlet, a jet orifice and a low-pressure gas inlet;
when the hydrogen circulator is a membrane humidifier, the hydrogen source is connected with a fresh hydrogen inlet, the humidified hydrogen outlet is connected with an anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell, and the humidified hydrogen inlet is connected with an anode hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell;
when the hydrogen circulator is an ejector, the hydrogen source is connected with the high-pressure gas inlet, the jet orifice is connected with the anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell, and the low-pressure gas inlet is connected with the anode hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell.
3. The air-cooled fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen source is a hydrogen generator or a gas cylinder.
4. The air-cooled fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein the hydrogen source further comprises a cylinder valve, an on-off solenoid valve, and a pressure maintaining valve; the cylinder valve includes a pressure relief valve.
5. The air-cooled fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein the cylinder valve, the on-off solenoid valve, and the surge valve are multi-function valve members integrated together.
6. The air-cooled fuel cell system according to claim 2, further comprising a tail exhaust solenoid valve, wherein a tail exhaust port of the membrane humidifier is connected to the tail exhaust solenoid valve, or when the hydrogen circulator is an ejector, a hydrogen exhaust port of an anode of the fuel cell is connected to the tail exhaust solenoid valve.
7. The air-cooling type fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the input of the DC/DC inverter is the output end of the fuel cell, the DC/DC inverter is one or more output ends, and the DC/DC inverter supplies power for the air-cooled fuel cell system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910943986.9A CN112582638A (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Air-cooled fuel cell system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910943986.9A CN112582638A (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Air-cooled fuel cell system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113328485A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-31 | 刘长山 | Portable power source capable of reducing temperature, humidifying and protecting image and using method thereof |
| CN114156505A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-08 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | Movable air-cooled fuel cell system |
-
2019
- 2019-09-30 CN CN201910943986.9A patent/CN112582638A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113328485A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-31 | 刘长山 | Portable power source capable of reducing temperature, humidifying and protecting image and using method thereof |
| CN114156505A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-08 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | Movable air-cooled fuel cell system |
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