CN115064428A - Coaxial magnetron taking dielectric material as outer cavity energy storage element and application - Google Patents

Coaxial magnetron taking dielectric material as outer cavity energy storage element and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115064428A
CN115064428A CN202210665803.3A CN202210665803A CN115064428A CN 115064428 A CN115064428 A CN 115064428A CN 202210665803 A CN202210665803 A CN 202210665803A CN 115064428 A CN115064428 A CN 115064428A
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magnetron
coaxial
cathode
cavity
coaxial magnetron
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Inventor
裘家琪
韩运生
王传璟
王健
肖敬忠
魏少华
姜雷
边磊
付保宾
罗立冬
杨新宇
曹磊
李磊
王楠
贾润宝
赵杰
于林峰
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Beijing Huaqing Jiagaoneng Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Huaqing Jiagaoneng Electronic Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/04—Cathodes
    • H01J23/05—Cathodes having a cylindrical emissive surface, e.g. cathodes for magnetrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/14—Leading-in arrangements; Seals therefor
    • H01J23/15—Means for preventing wave energy leakage structurally associated with tube leading-in arrangements, e.g. filters, chokes, attenuating devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/54—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes
    • H01J25/55—Coaxial cavity magnetrons

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a coaxial magnetron taking a dielectric material as an external cavity energy storage element, which comprises a cathode arranged in the center and anode fan blades coaxial with the cathode; an inner cavity is formed between the cathode and the anode fan blade, and the anode fan blade and the outer ring form a coaxial outer cavity; and the outer cavity is filled with a medium to serve as an energy storage element. The coaxial magnetron using the medium to fill the outer cavity has the advantage that the volume of the outer cavity of the coaxial magnetron is reduced compared with that of the common coaxial magnetron, so that the applicable frequency band and the use scene of the coaxial magnetron can be widened; meanwhile, the cathode with a larger emission area can be used under the condition of ensuring that the whole size of the magnetron is not changed, so that higher output power can be obtained, and the performance of the magnetron is greatly improved.

Description

Coaxial magnetron taking dielectric material as outer cavity energy storage element and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coaxial magnetron, in particular to a coaxial magnetron taking a dielectric material as an outer cavity energy storage element and application thereof.
Background
A magnetron is a common vacuum electron tube, which is essentially a quadrature field oscillator, and is a high power microwave source in microwave technology. Compared with the klystron, the magnetron has the advantages of high efficiency, low working voltage, simple structure, small volume, light weight and low cost. At present, the magnetron is widely applied to the fields of national defense, industry, agriculture, medical treatment and the like.
A coaxial magnetron is a common magnetron type, which has a coaxial outer cavity in addition to a cavity similar to a common conventional magnetron as an inner cavity; in the application process, the purpose of tuning the frequency can be achieved through the height of the frequency modulation cover plate. Compared with the common magnetron, the coaxial magnetron has the characteristics of large output power, high efficiency, wide tuning range, good frequency stability, long service life of the tube and the like. But the volume of the magnetron becomes larger due to the introduction of the coaxial outer cavity. The introduction of a coaxial outer cavity makes the coaxial magnetron generally bulky, thereby causing two problems: first, the coaxial magnetron is generally applicable only to C, X high frequency bands, but not to S, L low frequency bands, because the microwave device is larger in size and lower in frequency. Secondly, due to practical volume and weight limitations, the cathode emission area of the coaxial magnetron is limited, thereby resulting in a limitation of the emission current of the magnetron and thus its output power.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coaxial magnetron taking a dielectric material as an outer cavity energy storage element, which comprises a cathode arranged in the center and anode fan blades coaxial with the cathode; an inner cavity is formed between the cathode and the anode fan blade, and the anode fan blade and the outer ring form a coaxial outer cavity;
the outer ring is the circular shell of the coaxial magnetron.
Wherein the outer cavity is filled with a medium.
Coaxial magnetrons have been proposed to improve the stability of the magnetron but in the prior art some compactness has been sacrificed. The design of the invention can improve the compactness of the coaxial magnetron and further reduce the size of the coaxial magnetron on the premise of ensuring the efficiency.
The main advantage of a coaxial magnetron is its better stability, which benefits from the fact that most of its energy is stored in the outer cavity. In the prior art, the outer cavity of the coaxial magnetron is a vacuum cavity surrounded by oxygen-free copper materials, and the invention provides that the cavity filled with a medium is used as an energy storage element of the coaxial magnetron. At the moment, magnetron microwave and electron dynamics simulation is carried out according to the electrical property of the selectable dielectric material, the optimization targets of the whole tube efficiency, the output power, the stability and the like are repeated and iterated to obtain various mechanical parameters including the sizes of the cathode, the inner cavity and the outer cavity and the sizes and filling positions of the dielectric material, then actual sample tube design, trial production and testing are carried out, and various mechanical parameters are finally determined after multiple optimization improvements.
Furthermore, the upper end of the cathode is provided with an upper pole shoe, and the lower end of the cathode is provided with a lower pole shoe.
Furthermore, the inner cavity and the outer cavity are separated by a coupling seam between the inner cavity and the outer cavity.
The coupling slot is used for microwave coupling between the inner cavity and the outer cavity.
Furthermore, the coaxial magnetron also comprises a magnetron output port arranged on the outer ring.
Further, the coaxial magnetron further comprises a tuning cover plate. For regulating the output power of the magnetron.
Further, the medium is an electric vacuum medium, preferably one or more of quartz glass, alumina ceramic (purity of 99%), diamond and alumina single crystal (artificial sapphire); particularly, when quartz and ceramic are used as media, the filling effect is excellent; especially in combination with partial filling.
Further, the medium is completely or partially filled in an outer cavity of the coaxial magnetron.
Preferably, the partial filling is an outside filling. The outer side is filled, in particular to the side far away from the cathode in the outer cavity.
The connection mode of the medium and the cavity is welding, clamping or carving.
The coaxial magnetron is applied to the fields of nondestructive testing, industrial flaw detection, medical treatment, well logging and the like.
In the prior art, a coaxial magnetron is proposed for improving the stability of the magnetron; but at the expense of some compactness. On the basis of optimizing the technical characteristics, the invention can reasonably design to improve the compactness of the coaxial magnetron and adjust the size of the magnetron according to actual requirements.
The medium material used in the present invention may be a single medium, a mixed medium, or a stack of multiple layers of media. The filling mode of the medium in the outer cavity can be full filling or partial filling, including bottom filling, top filling, inner filling, outer filling, or the combination of the above.
Wherein the diameter of the cathode is preferably 20 to 40 mm. When the cathode with the size is adopted, ceramic and/or quartz glass is used as a medium to perform partial filling, so that the effect is very ideal; particularly, the outer side filling is adopted, and the filling thickness is 3-5 mm.
The output power is most ideal when the following filling method is adopted:
1. when the diameter of the cathode is about 24mm, the filling medium is alumina ceramic, the thickness is 3-4 mm, and the output power of the coaxial magnetron is the maximum by adopting an outer side filling mode. It is suitable for smaller coaxial magnetron.
2. When the diameter of the cathode is about 30mm, the filling medium is alumina ceramic, the thickness is 3mm, and the output power of the coaxial magnetron is the maximum by adopting an outer filling mode. It is suitable for medium-sized coaxial magnetron.
3. When the diameter of the cathode is about 36mm, the filling medium is quartz glass, the thickness is 5mm, and the output power of the coaxial magnetron is the maximum by adopting an outer filling mode. The method is suitable for the coaxial magnetron with a slightly larger size.
The coaxial magnetron taking the dielectric material as the outer cavity energy storage element provided by the invention can greatly reduce the volume of the coaxial outer cavity by filling the appropriate dielectric material in the coaxial outer cavity, thereby effectively solving the following two problems.
Firstly, the volume of the coaxial magnetron with the dielectric filled outer cavity is increased less than that of a conventional magnetron, so that the coaxial magnetron can be used in the application with high anti-interference and high stability requirements in a low frequency band, and the applicable frequency band and the use scene of the coaxial magnetron can be widened.
Secondly, the coaxial magnetron with the dielectric filled outer cavity can use a cathode with a larger emitting area under the condition of ensuring that the whole size of the magnetron is not changed, thereby realizing higher output power.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a coaxial magnetron provided in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a coaxial magnetron provided in embodiments 2-3;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a coaxial magnetron provided in embodiments 4-6;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a coaxial magnetron provided in example 7;
in the figure: 1. a cathode; 2. an anode fan blade; 3. an inner cavity; 4. coupling seams between the inner cavity and the outer cavity; 5. an outer cavity; 6. an output port of the magnetron; 7. tuning the cover plate; 8. an upper pole shoe; 9. a lower pole shoe; 10. and filling the medium.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a coaxial magnetron with an outer cavity filled with quartz glass completely, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a cathode 1 disposed at the center, and anode vanes 2 coaxial with the cathode 1; an inner cavity 3 is formed between the cathode 1 and the anode fan blade 2, and the anode fan blade 2 and the outer ring form a coaxial outer cavity 5; the cover plate is provided with a tuning cover plate 7;
wherein, the outer cavity 5 is filled with quartz glass in a full filling mode, that is, the outer cavity 5 is filled with the medium.
Wherein, the upper end of the cathode 1 is provided with an upper pole shoe 8, and the lower end is provided with a lower pole shoe 9.
Wherein, the inner cavity 3 and the outer cavity 5 are separated by a coupling seam 4 between the inner cavity and the outer cavity.
The coaxial magnetron also comprises a magnetron output port 6 arranged on the outer ring.
This embodiment uses a cathode of the same size as a typical coaxial magnetron, but the magnetron outer diameter can be reduced to about 85 mm.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a coaxial magnetron with an alumina ceramic partially filling an outer cavity, as shown in fig. 2, comprising a cathode 1 disposed at the center, and anode vanes 2 coaxial with the cathode 1; an inner cavity 3 is formed between the cathode 1 and the anode fan blade 2, and the anode fan blade 2 and the outer ring form a coaxial outer cavity 5; a tuning cover plate 7 is arranged on the cover plate.
Wherein, the outer cavity 5 is filled with 99% of alumina ceramics, the filling mode is partial filling, specifically, the medium is filled outside the outer cavity 5, and the thickness is about 3 mm.
Wherein, the upper end of the cathode 1 is provided with an upper pole shoe 8, and the lower end is provided with a lower pole shoe 9.
Wherein, the inner cavity 3 and the outer cavity 5 are separated by a coupling seam 4 between the inner cavity and the outer cavity.
The coaxial magnetron also comprises a magnetron output port 6 arranged on the outer ring.
This embodiment uses a cathode of the same size as a typical coaxial magnetron, but the magnetron outer diameter can be reduced to about 85 mm.
Example 3
This example provides a coaxial magnetron having an outer cavity partially filled with alumina ceramic, as shown in figure 2, filled with 99% alumina ceramic, as in example 2, except that the ceramic thickness is about 4 mm. The corresponding magnetron outer diameter can be further reduced to 80 mm.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a coaxial magnetron with a quartz glass partially filling the outer cavity, as shown in fig. 3, comprising a cathode 1 disposed at the center, and anode vanes 2 coaxial with the cathode 1; an inner cavity 3 is formed between the cathode 1 and the anode fan blade 2, and the anode fan blade 2 and the outer ring form a coaxial outer cavity 5; a tuning cover plate 7 is arranged on the cover plate.
The outer cavity 5 is filled with quartz glass in a partial filling mode, and specifically, the medium is filled outside the outer cavity 5 and has a thickness of about 3 mm.
Wherein, the upper end of the cathode 1 is provided with an upper pole shoe 8, and the lower end is provided with a lower pole shoe 9.
Wherein, the inner cavity 3 and the outer cavity 5 are separated by a coupling seam 4 between the inner cavity and the outer cavity.
The coaxial magnetron also comprises a magnetron output port 6 arranged on the outer ring.
This embodiment uses the same size magnetron outer diameter as a typical coaxial magnetron, i.e. 120mm, but uses a larger size cathode, specifically about 30mm in diameter.
Example 5
This embodiment provides a coaxial magnetron having a quartz glass partially filled outer cavity as shown in figure 3.
The same as in example 4 was used except that the thickness of the silica glass was about 4 mm.
The same as example 4 is that the magnetron outer diameter is the same as a general coaxial magnetron, i.e. 120mm, except that the cathode diameter is about 36 mm.
Example 6
This embodiment provides a coaxial magnetron with an alumina ceramic partially filling the outer cavity as shown in figure 3.
The difference from example 4 is that the outside of the alumina ceramic is filled, and the thickness of the ceramic is about 3 mm.
The same as example 4 is that the magnetron outer diameter is the same as a general coaxial magnetron, i.e. 120mm, except that the cathode diameter is about 36 mm.
Example 7
The present embodiment provides a coaxial magnetron with a quartz glass partially filling the outer cavity, as shown in fig. 4, comprising a cathode 1 disposed at the center, and anode vanes 2 coaxial with the cathode 1; an inner cavity 3 is formed between the cathode 1 and the anode fan blade 2, and the anode fan blade 2 and the outer ring form a coaxial outer cavity 5; a tuning cover plate 7 is arranged on the cover plate.
Wherein, the outer cavity 5 is filled with quartz glass in a full filling mode, that is, the outer cavity 5 is filled with the medium.
Wherein, the upper end of the cathode 1 is provided with an upper pole shoe 8, and the lower end is provided with a lower pole shoe 9.
Wherein, the inner cavity 3 and the outer cavity 5 are separated by a coupling seam 4 between the inner cavity and the outer cavity.
The coaxial magnetron also comprises a magnetron output port 6 arranged on the outer ring. The cathode size of this embodiment is 36mm, which is larger than a typical coaxial magnetron, but the outer diameter is smaller than a typical coaxial magnetron, which is about 100 mm.
Comparison of tests
The coaxial magnetrons provided in examples 1 to 7 and the coaxial magnetrons (reference example 1 and reference example 2) having no dielectric filled in the outer cavity 5 were subjected to computer microwave and electron dynamics simulation and compared, and the results were as follows:
Figure BDA0003691556260000071
it can be seen that the fully filled quartz material used in example 1 and the partially filled alumina ceramic material used in example 2 have the same output power as a general coaxial magnetron without a filled dielectric; but the outer diameter may be reduced by about 30%; therefore, the coaxial magnetron can be more compact and smaller in volume by filling the medium; the application market of the same-impact magnetron is widened.
Embodiments 4 to 6 have the same external dimensions as the coaxial magnetron not filled with a dielectric, but can use a cathode with a larger diameter, so that the output power can be correspondingly improved, which greatly improves the performance of the magnetron. Example 7 provides a 17% reduction in the outer diameter of the coaxial shaft, while increasing the magnetron output by 35%.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (10)

1. A coaxial magnetron taking a dielectric material as an external cavity energy storage element is characterized by comprising a cathode (1) arranged in the center and an anode fan blade (2) coaxial with the cathode (1); an inner cavity (3) is formed between the cathode (1) and the anode fan blade (2), and the anode fan blade (2) and the outer ring form a coaxial outer cavity (5);
wherein the outer cavity (5) is filled with a medium.
2. Coaxial magnetron according to claim 1, characterised in that the cathode (1) is provided with an upper pole shoe (8) at its upper end and a lower pole shoe (9) at its lower end.
3. Coaxial magnetron according to claim 1, characterised in that the inner cavity (3) is separated from the outer cavity (5) by an inner and outer inter-cavity coupling slot (4).
4. The coaxial magnetron of claim 1, further comprising a magnetron output (6) disposed at the outer periphery.
5. Coaxial magnetron according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a tuning cover (7).
6. The coaxial magnetron of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the dielectric is selected from one or more of quartz glass, alumina ceramic, diamond, alumina single crystal.
7. The coaxial magnetron of claim 6, wherein the dielectric is filled in whole or in part within an outer cavity of the coaxial magnetron;
preferably, the partial filling is an outside filling.
8. The coaxial magnetron of any of claims 7, wherein the cathode has a diameter of 20 to 40 mm;
preferably, the thickness of the partial filling is 3-5 mm.
9. The coaxial magnetron of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the connection of the dielectric to the cavity is by welding, clamping or staking.
10. Use of the coaxial magnetron of any of claims 1 to 8 in the fields of non-destructive testing, industrial inspection, medical treatment, and well logging.
CN202210665803.3A 2022-06-13 2022-06-13 Coaxial magnetron taking dielectric material as outer cavity energy storage element and application Pending CN115064428A (en)

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CN202210665803.3A CN115064428A (en) 2022-06-13 2022-06-13 Coaxial magnetron taking dielectric material as outer cavity energy storage element and application

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