CN115061186A - Optical fiber borehole seismic exploration method in 'double-complex' area - Google Patents

Optical fiber borehole seismic exploration method in 'double-complex' area Download PDF

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CN115061186A
CN115061186A CN202210672060.2A CN202210672060A CN115061186A CN 115061186 A CN115061186 A CN 115061186A CN 202210672060 A CN202210672060 A CN 202210672060A CN 115061186 A CN115061186 A CN 115061186A
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seismic
data
optical fiber
seismic data
well
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付检刚
王熙明
蔡志东
王腾宇
黄录忠
张振
张晓丹
边瑞峰
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Optical Science and Technology Chengdu Ltd of CNPC
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Optical Science and Technology Chengdu Ltd of CNPC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/22—Transmitting seismic signals to recording or processing apparatus
    • G01V1/226—Optoseismic systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
    • G01V1/46—Data acquisition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
    • G01V1/48—Processing data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
    • G01V1/48—Processing data
    • G01V1/50—Analysing data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
    • G01V2210/12—Signal generation
    • G01V2210/121—Active source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
    • G01V2210/12—Signal generation
    • G01V2210/129—Source location
    • G01V2210/1295—Land surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
    • G01V2210/12—Signal generation
    • G01V2210/129—Source location
    • G01V2210/1299—Subsurface, e.g. in borehole or below weathering layer or mud line
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
    • G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/624—Reservoir parameters

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical fiber borehole seismic exploration method for 'double-complex' areas, which is applied to the field of borehole geophysical and aims at the problem that the prior art cannot effectively collect 'double-complex' areas so as not to acquire the accurate speed and thickness of shallow-layer super-thick conglomerate; the method can be used for preprocessing the seismic data in the optical fiber well to obtain reliable deep micro logging data and optical fiber seismic exploration data, extracting the speed and thickness information of the surface layer and the geophysical parameters and reservoir information of the complex area of the middle-deep layer, obtaining the speed and thickness of the special lithology of the complex area of the surface layer and providing well control parameters of the middle-deep layer for well-driving seismic processing.

Description

Optical fiber borehole seismic exploration method in 'double-complex' area
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geophysical in a well, and particularly relates to a seismic data acquisition, data analysis and processing technology.
Background
With the continuous progress of the distributed optical fiber technology, the distributed optical fiber is rapidly popularized and applied in the field of oil deposit geophysical, particularly in the aspect of borehole earthquake. The borehole seismic method has obvious advantages in the aspects of velocity solving, horizon calibration and reservoir prediction. The exploration of areas with uneven distribution of shallow huge and thick conglomerates and complex deep structures is a difficult problem in the field of earthquake, and the problem of how to obtain the accurate speed and thickness of the shallow huge and thick conglomerates and the characterization and reservoir prediction of the deep ultra-deep structures is needed to be solved urgently in oil-gas exploration and development. Aiming at shallow-layer super-thick conglomerates, a relatively universal method in the industry at present is to acquire related information by utilizing micro-logging and acoustic logging, wherein the micro-logging can acquire the surface speed and the thickness of a low deceleration zone, but the method has limited detection depth and cannot acquire formation information which is hundreds of meters deep underground; the acoustic logging can only provide the velocity information of the stratum but cannot provide the wave field information of the stratum, meanwhile, the acoustic logging has a low-frequency drift phenomenon, the obtained velocity information has errors, and the accuracy of velocity modeling in seismic processing is greatly influenced.
Aiming at exploration and development of deep ultra-deep complex regions, the conventional geophone-based VSP method and the acoustic logging method are relatively common in the industry at present, the VSP method can provide accurate speed and corridor calibration, and an effective technology and means are provided for oil and gas reservoir prediction. With the gradual maturity of the distributed optical fiber sensing (optical fiber) technology in recent years, optical fiber VSP seismic data with higher spatial sampling rate and better consistency can be obtained, and the data are basically not limited by well temperature and well pressure, can obtain accurate geophysical information of shallow and deep double complex areas, provide parameters for well-flooding ground seismic processing, improve the quantification degree of seismic processing parameters, can be used for predicting the development condition of a reservoir beside a well with high precision, and have positive guiding significance for fine oil and gas exploration and development work.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an optical fiber borehole seismic exploration method for a double-complex area, which is used for respectively acquiring, processing and explaining surface seismic data and middle and deep seismic data and provides an effective technical means for exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs in complex-structure areas.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method of fiber optic borehole seismic exploration in "dual complex" areas, comprising:
s1, determining a combined acquisition scheme of shallow and middle-deep seismic data; the combination scheme specifically comprises the following steps: for shallow seismic data, a light seismic source is used for excitation at a well head, and optical fibers in the well are used for receiving; for the seismic data of the middle and deep layers, optical fibers are distributed into a large-drill shaft, a vibroseis is used for excitation on the ground, and the optical fibers in the shaft are used for receiving;
s2, collecting by adopting the joint collection scheme of the step S1 to respectively obtain surface layer optical fiber seismic data and middle and deep layer optical fiber well seismic data;
s3, preprocessing the surface layer optical fiber seismic data and the middle and deep layer optical fiber well seismic data to obtain VSP data; the pretreatment comprises the following steps: performing data de-coding, noise suppression, first arrival picking and consistency combined processing;
s4, calculating the time-depth relation, the layer velocity and the average velocity of the stratum according to the first arrival of the surface layer optical fiber seismic data pickup, and accordingly establishing a transverse surface layer structure velocity model of the complex area;
s5, according to the combined data processed in the step S3 and the surface structure velocity model established in the step S4, processing seismic data in the optical fiber well, including amplitude compensation, wave field separation, deconvolution, NMO and corridor stacking processing, and obtaining NMO and corridor stacking section data for calibration and reservoir analysis;
s6, calibrating and predicting the reservoir by using the time-depth relation of the stratum obtained in the step S4 and the NMO and corridor stacked section data obtained in the step S5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an exploration method for surface and deep double-complex areas based on optical fiber well seismic data, which respectively collects, processes and explains the surface seismic data and the deep seismic data and provides an effective technical means for the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs in areas with complex structures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is surface optical fiber deep micro well logging data and mid-deep optical fiber borehole seismic data acquired in the field according to the present invention;
wherein, (a) is surface optical fiber deep micro well logging data, and (b) is middle and deep layer optical fiber well seismic data.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention for processing seismic data in a fiber optic well.
FIG. 3 shows the thickness and speed variation of the special lithology of the surface complex area obtained by the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a velocity plan view of the surface complex region special lithology obtained based on the optical fiber deep micro well logging data;
wherein, (a) is a contour diagram of the thickness of the low-speed conglomerate, and (b) is a contour diagram of the speed of the low-speed conglomerate.
FIG. 5 is a bridge calibration graph based on fiber optic borehole seismic data.
Detailed Description
The invention utilizes high-density optical fiber seismic data to preprocess to obtain reliable deep micro logging data and optical fiber VSP data, extracts the speed and thickness information of a shallow layer complex area and the geophysical parameters and reservoir information of a middle-deep layer complex area, can analyze the speed and thickness of shallow layer conglomerates in different areas, provides well control parameters of the middle-deep layer for well drive seismic processing, and further explains the invention by combining drawings and specific embodiments.
1) Aiming at the geological research requirements of double-complex regions, different acquisition schemes are respectively designed, the surface layer adopts a combination mode of optical fibers and a light seismic source, the middle-deep layer adopts a combination mode of optical fibers and a controllable seismic source, and the surface layer and middle-deep layer optical fiber seismic data combined acquisition scheme is obtained.
The surface layer seismic data acquisition scheme is that a well is drilled to a position below the special lithology of the surface layer, a light seismic source is used for excitation within 10m from a well mouth, optical fibers in the well are used for receiving, a seismic source output parameter test is carried out during field acquisition, and surface layer data acquisition parameters are determined.
The middle-deep layer seismic data acquisition scheme is that optical fibers are distributed into a large-bore shaft, a vibroseis is used for excitation on the ground, the optical fibers in the shaft are used for receiving, an acquisition parameter test is carried out during field acquisition, and middle-deep layer data acquisition parameters are determined.
The combined acquisition scheme is that a light seismic source can be placed at a wellhead to obtain more accurate surface velocity, the light seismic source is excited to obtain surface seismic data, a controllable seismic source is excited to obtain middle-deep seismic data, and the two schemes are combined to acquire finally-used seismic data.
2) Acquiring according to the combined acquisition scheme designed in the step 1) to obtain high-quality surface optical fiber seismic data and medium-deep optical fiber well seismic data.
The surface optical fiber deep and micro well logging data is vertical seismic section data obtained by a surface seismic data acquisition scheme.
The seismic data in the middle and deep layer optical fiber well is vertical seismic profile data obtained by a middle and deep layer seismic data acquisition scheme.
In fig. 1, (a) is surface optical fiber deep micro well logging data, and in fig. 1, (b) is middle and deep optical fiber well seismic data, it can be seen that the first arrival is clear, and an accurate first arrival can be picked up; (b) the medium reflected wave has strong energy and obvious wave group characteristics.
As shown in fig. 2, the processing process of the surface optical fiber seismic data and the middle and deep optical fiber well seismic data is given, and the processing process specifically comprises the steps 3) -6).
3) Preprocessing the data in the step 2), sequentially comprising data de-coding, noise suppression, first arrival picking and the like, and finally performing consistency joint processing to obtain the preprocessed VSP data.
Optionally, the noise suppression includes random noise suppression, optical cable coupling noise suppression, optical fiber data time synchronization noise suppression, optical fiber data dc drift noise suppression, and the like.
And the data is compiled, the seismic data obtained on the field seismic instrument is loaded into a processing system, and the data is rearranged for subsequent processing.
The first arrival picking method is characterized in that a man-machine interaction amplification mode is used in the first arrival picking process, the first arrival position is amplified to a proper size, and the error of the first arrival picking is ensured to be within 1 ms. The accuracy of the first arrival pick-up in this step is critical for subsequent analysis.
Particularly, when seismic data of a middle-deep layer are acquired, a controllable seismic source is used for excitation, the well source distance is about 100m generally, certain errors exist when the surface velocity is obtained, and the surface seismic data are required to be used for combined processing. In the consistency combined processing, due to different excitation modes, the obtained data have differences in the aspects of amplitude, phase, time difference and the like, time difference correction processing is carried out on the basis of surface layer optical fiber deep micro well logging data during combined processing, amplitude consistency processing and phase conversion processing are carried out on the basis of seismic data in a middle and deep layer optical fiber well.
4) And 3) calculating to obtain the time-depth relation, the interval velocity, the average velocity and the like of the stratum by using the first arrival of the surface layer seismic data pickup in the step 3), analyzing the vertical thickness and the velocity change of the special lithology of the complex area, and establishing a horizontal surface layer structure velocity and thickness model of the complex area by using the multi-well surface layer seismic data. The thickness model obtained in this step is supported by the ground seismic processing, which is not the key content of the present invention, and the present invention does not describe the ground seismic processing in detail.
As can be seen in FIG. 3, the well point is 78.4m into the low velocity conglomerate at a velocity of 2699m/s and 223.5m into the high velocity conglomerate at a velocity of 3033 m/s.
In fig. 4, (a) is a contour diagram of the thickness of the low-speed conglomerate, and the overall trend of the thickness of the low-speed conglomerate in the work area becomes thinner from south to north. In fig. 4, (b) is a contour diagram of the low-speed conglomerate speed, and the overall trend of the low-speed conglomerate speed in the work area is gradually reduced from south to north.
5) Performing joint seismic data processing including spherical surface diffusion compensation, wave field separation, deconvolution, dynamic correction leveling and corridor stacking processing by using the joint seismic data preprocessed in the step 3) and combining the velocity model in the step 4) to obtain NMO and corridor stacking section data for calibration and reservoir analysis; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
performing spherical diffusion compensation on the preprocessed combined seismic data to obtain compensated combined seismic data, so that the energy of the data from shallow to deep is reasonably compensated;
performing wave field separation on the compensated data, and separating a downlink wave from an uplink wave to obtain an uplink wave field and a downlink wave field;
extracting a deconvolution operator on the downlink wave field, performing deconvolution on the uplink wave field, pressing multiples, and improving the resolution;
performing dynamic leveling on the deconvolved uplink wave to obtain a dynamic leveling section, and correcting the single-pass time to the double-pass time so as to be convenient for comparison with the ground seismic section;
and performing corridor superposition processing on the dynamic leveling profile to obtain a corridor superposition profile for bridge calibration and reservoir analysis.
The combined seismic data is data obtained by combining preprocessed surface optical fiber deep micro well logging data and middle and deep optical fiber well seismic data.
Alternatively, the deconvolution processing method includes predicted wavelet deconvolution, desired output wavelet deconvolution, and the like, and may be selected according to the deconvolution effect.
Alternatively, the wavefield separation processing method includes median filtering, linear filtering, frequency-wavenumber (FK) filtering, etc., and one or a combination of several methods is selected according to the data.
6) Predicting the oil and gas reservoir:
and (3) calibrating and predicting the reservoir by using the VSP time-depth relation data obtained in the step 4) and the dynamic correction leveling profile and corridor stacking profile data obtained in the step 5) and combining the acoustic logging data. On the basis of fine horizon calibration, the velocity change and seismic reflection characteristics of a reservoir are analyzed, and data support is provided for oil and gas field trap evaluation.
FIG. 5 is a fiber VSP data bridge calibration graph, wherein the upper part is a depth domain logging data and a depth domain corridor, the lower left part is a VSP data NMO section, the middle part is a time domain corridor, and the right part is a well-through ground seismic section.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method of fiber optic borehole seismic exploration in "dual complex" areas, comprising:
s1, determining a combined acquisition scheme of shallow and middle-deep seismic data; the combination scheme specifically comprises the following steps: for shallow seismic data, a light seismic source is used for excitation at a well head, and an optical fiber in the well receives the shallow seismic data; for the seismic data of the middle and deep layers, optical fibers are distributed into a large-drill shaft, a vibroseis is used for excitation on the ground, and the optical fibers in the shaft are used for receiving;
s2, collecting by adopting the joint collection scheme of the step S1 to respectively obtain surface layer optical fiber seismic data and middle and deep layer optical fiber well seismic data;
s3, preprocessing the surface layer optical fiber seismic data and the middle and deep layer optical fiber well seismic data to obtain VSP data; the pretreatment comprises the following steps: performing data de-coding, noise suppression, first arrival picking and consistency combined processing;
s4, calculating the time-depth relation, the layer velocity and the average velocity of the stratum according to the first arrival of the surface layer optical fiber seismic data pickup, and accordingly establishing the transverse surface layer structure velocity of the complex area;
s5, according to the combined data processed in the step S3 and the surface structure velocity model established in the step S4, processing seismic data in the optical fiber well, including amplitude compensation, wave field separation, deconvolution, NMO and corridor stacking processing, and obtaining NMO and corridor stacking section data for calibration and reservoir analysis;
s6, calibrating and predicting the reservoir by using the time-depth relation of the stratum obtained in the step S4 and the NMO and corridor stacked section data obtained in the step S5.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein for shallow seismic data, drilling to below surface specific lithology, and exciting with a lightweight seismic source within 10m of the wellhead, and receiving with optical fiber in the well.
3. The method for fiber optic borehole seismic surveying of "dual complex" regions according to claim 1, wherein said surface fiber optic seismic data of step S2 is: vertical seismic profile data obtained by the surface seismic data acquisition scheme;
the seismic data in the middle and deep layer optical fiber well are as follows: and vertical seismic profile data obtained by the medium-deep seismic data acquisition scheme.
4. The method for fiber optic borehole seismic exploration for "double complex" areas according to claim 3, wherein said coherent combination processing of step S3 is specifically: and (3) performing time difference correction processing by taking surface layer optical fiber deep micro logging data as a reference, performing amplitude consistency processing and phase conversion processing by taking seismic data in a middle and deep layer optical fiber well as a reference.
5. The method for fiber optic borehole seismic exploration for "double complex" areas as claimed in claim 4, wherein step S4 is embodied as: and (5) calculating the time-depth relation, the interval velocity and the average velocity of the stratum by using the first arrival of the surface layer seismic data pickup in the step S3, analyzing the change of the velocity in the special lithology vertical direction of the complex area, and establishing the velocity of the transverse surface layer structure of the complex area by using the multi-well surface layer seismic data.
CN202210672060.2A 2022-06-15 2022-06-15 Optical fiber borehole seismic exploration method in 'double-complex' area Pending CN115061186A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116359987A (en) * 2023-04-03 2023-06-30 中南大学 Method and device for identifying lithology of underground rock stratum based on earthquake flash

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116359987A (en) * 2023-04-03 2023-06-30 中南大学 Method and device for identifying lithology of underground rock stratum based on earthquake flash
CN116359987B (en) * 2023-04-03 2023-12-08 中南大学 Method and device for identifying lithology of underground rock stratum based on earthquake flash

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