CN115059054A - Method for preparing protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of tailings pond in high-altitude area by using copper tailings - Google Patents
Method for preparing protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of tailings pond in high-altitude area by using copper tailings Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
- E02D3/126—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil and mixing by rotating blades
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0045—Composites
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a dust-raising and water and soil loss prevention protective layer of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by utilizing copper tailings, which comprises the steps of firstly mixing the copper tailings with a small amount of alkali activator according to a certain proportion, and then adding a certain amount of hydrophobic material to form a mixture with certain hardness; adding a proper amount of water, stirring, then stacking ridges, placing half-opened PV (photovoltaic) pipes between the ridges to form a drainage ditch, and forming a wavy blocking layer on the surface of the whole tailing pond; finally, the raised part is made into an arc shape, so that rainwater can quickly flow into the PV pipe ditch along two sides without carrying tailings; the method for preparing the dust-raising and water and soil loss prevention protective layer of the tailings pond in the high-altitude area by using the copper tailings is beneficial to preventing the tailings in the tailings pond from losing and reducing the harm of the tailings particles to the surrounding soil and the ecological environment in strong wind and drought seasons, and meanwhile, the process flow is simple to operate integrally and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tailing ecological restoration, in particular to a method for preventing dust emission and keeping water and soil ecological restoration of copper tailings.
Background
Copper tailings are fine in particles (the particles with the particle size of less than 74 mu m is more than 50%), tailings contain heavy metals, residual beneficiation reagents and other ecological environment toxic and harmful substances, and the heavy metals can diffuse and permeate into soil and underground water to damage the surrounding environment over time. Meanwhile, when the tailings contain a certain amount of sulfide, the oxygen content of gaps of the tailings is increased after the tailings are exposed or deposited, the sulfide reacts with oxygen or bacteria to generate acidic water, the dissolution of certain substances is increased, the weathering and internal chemical reaction processes of the tailings are further accelerated, and radioactive elements and other pollutants migrate to cause water system pollution of a mining area. In high-altitude areas, due to drought and strong wind, the copper tailing pond flies with the wind in strong wind and drought seasons, and damages peripheral soil and ecological environment are caused.
At present, no universally accepted ideal method exists for the problems of dust prevention and water and soil conservation ecological restoration of the tailing pond in the high-altitude area. For example, a method for restoring soil and water conservation ecology by using rare earth tailings (CN 202011162138.3) proposes that transverse and longitudinal grass planting ditches are dug on a mine, grass planting bricks are laid in the ditches, and acid-resistant georgette plants are planted in holes of the bricks. But can not prevent dust from rising and is difficult to adapt to high-altitude areas. A heavy metal pollution tailing pond treatment system (CN201821510388. X) provides a method for blocking and sealing a tailing pond containing heavy metals by using a blocking and storing system, a surface runoff system and a blocking dam, but the method cannot prevent dust raising and has the hidden danger of water and soil loss. These methods cannot give consideration to both dust emission prevention and soil erosion prevention, and are not suitable for tailings ponds in high altitude areas, so that it is very necessary to prepare a protective layer for preventing dust emission and soil erosion by using copper tailings on site.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a dust-raising and soil erosion preventing protective layer of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
s1, fully mixing the copper tailings with an alkali activator, and then mixing the copper tailings with a hydrophobic material in proportion;
s2, adding water into the mixture obtained in the step (1), stirring, and performing ridging on the top of the tailings after the mixture with hardness is formed;
s3, placing the halved PV pipes between the ridges in the step (2) to form drainage ditches;
s4, finally, making the ridge in the step (2) into an arc shape.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the method is not only suitable for solving the problem of pollution of the copper tailing pond to the surrounding soil and the ecological environment in the high-altitude area, but also can prevent dust emission and water and soil loss at the same time, and is not limited to only achieve the purpose of water and soil conservation of the tailings;
2. the method of the invention directly piles ridges on the surface of the copper tailings to form 'drain pipes', does not need to build independently or place other facilities around, has simpler and more convenient operation flow and saves land area;
3. the method of the invention directly performs operation and arrangement on the surface of the copper tailing pond, and the overall operation cost is lower;
4. the materials of the calcium hydroxide, the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the PV drainage pipe and the like in the method have wide sources, simple and convenient material acquisition and lower overall cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described without limiting in any way, and any variations or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in attached figure 1, the method for preparing the protective layer for preventing dust emission and soil erosion of the tailings pond in the high-altitude area by using the copper tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the copper tailings and a small amount of alkali activator according to a certain proportion, adding a certain amount of hydrophobic material after the copper tailings and the alkali activator are fully mixed, and uniformly mixing;
s2, adding a certain amount of water into the mixture obtained in the step (1), stirring by using a stirrer, and piling the mixture by using a small ridge making machine after the mixture with certain hardness (similar to cement) is formed (as shown in figure 1);
s3, placing the half-opened PV tubes between the ridges in the step (2) to form a drainage ditch;
s4, finally, making the ridge in the step (2) into an arc shape.
Further, the copper tailings obtained in the step (1) are subjected to stone extraction at the top of a tailing pond.
Further, in the step (1), after the copper tailings are directly taken from the top of the copper tailing pond to prepare a mixture, ridging is carried out in situ.
Further, the alkali-activator used in step (1) is calcium hydroxide.
Furthermore, the content of calcium hydroxide in the alkali activator is 5-15%.
Further, the pH value of the mixture obtained by mixing the copper tailings and the alkali activator in the step (1) is 10.0-12.0.
Further, the alkali-activator is added in the step (1) to catalyze the hydration reaction of the copper tailings, so that the copper tailings can react with water more fully to generate more hydrates with high strength and high hardness, such as low-calcium silicate, aluminate, aluminosilicate gel, aluminosilicate and the like.
Further, the hydrophobic material in the step (1) adopts Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Further, the hydrophobic material, the copper tailings and the alkali activator mixture in the step (1) are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1.5-2: 1, and mixing.
Furthermore, the hydrophobic material tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) added in the step (1) is almost insoluble in all solvents, and after being mixed and stirred with the tailings, the alkali activator and water, a dry film can be rapidly formed on the surface of the mixture, so that the water can be smoothly discharged along the ridge bottom.
Further, the mixture and water in the step (2) can be mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1-2, and mixing and stirring.
Further, the surface of the area of the tailing pond, where the ridge needs to be built in the step (2), needs to be relatively flat, and a small part of area with large concave-convex amplitude cannot exist.
Further, the width of the ridge pile in the step (2) is 0.5m, the height of the ridge pile is 0.29-0.50m, the side surface of the ridge pile is in an arc shape with an inclination angle of 30-60 degrees, the width of each furrow is 0.22 m, and the thickness of each bottom of each ridge is 0.05 m.
Further, the blender in the step (2) is a BLD type vertical blender.
Further, the PV drainage tube used in step (3) is 110 x 3.2mm thick outer diameter/meter.
Further, each ridge surface in the step (4) is arc-shaped.
Further, in the step (4), the surface of the whole tailing pond is made to look like a wavy barrier layer, and the area ratio of the concave part of the ridge to the convex part of the ridge can be about 1: 1 to 3.
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples 1 to 9.
Example 1
A method for preparing a protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, putting a small amount of alkali activator with 10 percent of calcium hydroxide content into the copper tailings, stirring the mixture for about 8 minutes by a BLD type vertical stirrer to ensure that the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully mixed according to a certain proportion, then adding a certain amount of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into the mixture, and forming a mixture with certain hardness (similar to cement) after the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully combined;
s2, adding a certain amount of water into the mixture with certain hardness in the step (1) to enable the mixture and the water to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5, stir with BLD type vertical mixer equally, treat both intensive mixing backs, the ridge is piled with the mixture to the small-size ridge machine of beating of reuse, and every ridge bottom is wide 0.5 meter, and the ridge height is 0.29 meters, and whole ridge face is the arc that the angle of inclination is about 30, and the ditch width that the ridge was sunken down is 0.22 meters, and the area ratio of the sunken part area in ridge and the protruding part down this moment can be about 1: 2;
s3, placing PV tubes with the thickness of 110 x 3.2mm and the outer diameter per meter half-split between the ridges in the step (2) to form a drainage ditch;
s4, further optimizing and processing the raised parts of the ridges in the step (2), and making the ridge surfaces into arcs with certain amplitude, so that rainwater and the like can flow into PV drainage pipes at the bottoms of the ridges along the same direction.
Example 2
A method for preparing a protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, putting a small amount of alkali activator with 10 percent of calcium hydroxide content into the copper tailings, stirring the mixture for about 8 minutes by a BLD type vertical stirrer to ensure that the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully mixed according to a certain proportion, then adding a certain amount of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into the mixture, and forming a mixture with certain hardness (similar to cement) after the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully combined;
s2, adding a certain amount of water into the mixture with certain hardness in the step (1) to enable the mixture and the water to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5, stir with BLD type vertical mixer equally, treat both intensive mixing backs, the ridge is piled with the mixture to the small-size ridge machine of beating of reuse, and every ridge bottom is wide 0.5 meter, and the ridge height is 0.35 meter, and whole ridge face is the arc that the angle of inclination is about 45, and the ditch width that the ridge was sunken down is 0.22 meters, and the area ratio of the sunken part area in ridge and the protruding part down this moment can be about 1: 2.5;
s3, placing PV tubes with the thickness of 110 x 3.2mm and the outer diameter per meter half-split between the ridges in the step (2) to form a drainage ditch;
s4, further optimizing and processing the raised parts of the ridges in the step (2), and making the ridge surfaces into arcs with certain amplitude, so that rainwater and the like can flow into PV drainage pipes at the bottoms of the ridges along the same direction.
Example 3
A method for preparing a protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, putting a small amount of alkali activator with 10 percent of calcium hydroxide content into the copper tailings, stirring the mixture for about 8 minutes by a BLD type vertical stirrer to ensure that the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully mixed according to a certain proportion, then adding a certain amount of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into the mixture, and forming a mixture with certain hardness (similar to cement) after the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully combined;
s2, adding a certain amount of water into the mixture with certain hardness in the step (1) to enable the mixture and the water to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5, stir with BLD type vertical mixer equally, treat both intensive mixing backs, the ridge is piled with the mixture to the small-size ridge machine of beating of reuse, and every ridge bottom is wide 0.5 meter, and the ridge height is 0.50 meters, and whole ridge face is the arc that the angle of inclination is about 60, and the ditch width that the ridge was sunken down is 0.22 meters, and the area ratio of the sunken part area in ridge and the protruding part down this moment can be about 1: 3;
s3, placing PV tubes with the thickness of 110 x 3.2mm and the outer diameter per meter half-split between the ridges in the step (2) to form a drainage ditch;
s4, further optimizing and processing the raised parts of the ridges in the step (2), and making the ridge surfaces into arcs with certain amplitude, so that rainwater and the like can flow into PV drainage pipes at the bottoms of the ridges along the same direction.
Example 4
A method for preparing a protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, putting a small amount of alkali activator with 5 percent of calcium hydroxide content into the copper tailings, stirring the mixture for about 8 minutes by a BLD type vertical stirrer to ensure that the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully mixed according to a certain proportion, then adding a certain amount of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into the mixture, and forming a mixture with certain hardness (similar to cement) after the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully combined;
s2, adding a certain amount of water into the mixture with certain hardness in the step (1) to enable the mixture and the water to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5, stir with BLD type vertical mixer equally, treat both intensive mixing backs, the ridge is piled with the mixture to the small-size ridge machine of beating of reuse, and every ridge bottom is wide 0.5 meter, and the ridge height is 0.50 meters, and whole ridge face is the arc that the angle of inclination is about 60, and the ditch width that the ridge was sunken down is 0.22 meters, and the area ratio of the sunken part area in ridge and the protruding part down this moment can be about 1: 2.5;
s3, placing PV tubes with the thickness of 110 x 3.2mm and the outer diameter per meter half-split between the ridges in the step (2) to form a drainage ditch;
s4, further optimizing and processing the raised parts of the ridges in the step (2), and making the ridge surfaces into arcs with certain amplitude, so that rainwater and the like can flow into PV drainage pipes at the bottoms of the ridges along the same direction.
Example 5
A method for preparing a dust-raising and soil and water loss prevention protective layer of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, putting a small amount of alkali activator with 10 percent of calcium hydroxide content into the copper tailings, stirring the mixture for about 8 minutes by a BLD type vertical stirrer to ensure that the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully mixed according to a certain proportion, then adding a certain amount of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into the mixture, and forming a mixture with certain hardness (similar to cement) after the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully combined;
s2, adding a certain amount of water into the mixture with certain hardness in the step (1) to enable the mixture and the water to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5, stir with BLD type vertical mixer equally, treat both intensive mixing backs, the ridge is piled with the mixture to the small-size ridge machine of beating of reuse, and every ridge bottom is wide 0.5 meter, and the ridge height is 0.50 meters, and whole ridge face is the arc that the angle of inclination is about 60, and the ditch width that the ridge was sunken down is 0.22 meters, and the area ratio of the sunken part area in ridge and the protruding part down this moment can be about 1: 2.5;
s3, placing PV tubes with the thickness of 110 x 3.2mm and the outer diameter per meter half-split between the ridges in the step (2) to form a drainage ditch;
s4, further optimizing and processing the raised parts of the ridges in the step (2), and making the ridge surfaces into arcs with certain amplitude, so that rainwater and the like can flow into PV drainage pipes at the bottoms of the ridges along the same direction.
Example 6
A method for preparing a protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, putting a small amount of alkali activator with 15% of calcium hydroxide content into the copper tailings, stirring the mixture for about 8 minutes by using a BLD type vertical stirrer to fully mix the copper tailings and the BLD type vertical stirrer according to a certain proportion, adding a certain amount of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into the mixture, and forming a mixture with certain hardness (similar to cement) after the copper tailings and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully combined;
s2, adding a certain amount of water into the mixture with certain hardness in the step (1) to enable the mixture and the water to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5, stir with BLD type vertical mixer equally, treat both intensive mixing backs, the ridge is piled with the mixture to the small-size ridge machine of beating of reuse, and every ridge bottom is wide 0.5 meter, and the ridge height is 0.50 meters, and whole ridge face is the arc that the angle of inclination is about 60, and the ditch width that the ridge was sunken down is 0.22 meters, and the area ratio of the sunken part area in ridge and the protruding part down this moment can be about 1: 2.5;
s3, placing PV tubes with the thickness of 110 x 3.2mm and the outer diameter per meter half-split between the ridges in the step (2) to form a drainage ditch;
s4, further optimizing and processing the raised parts of the ridges in the step (2), and making the ridge surfaces into arcs with certain amplitude, so that rainwater and the like can flow into PV drainage pipes at the bottoms of the ridges along the same direction.
Example 7
A method for preparing a protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, putting a small amount of alkali activator with 10% of calcium hydroxide content into the copper tailings, stirring for about 8 minutes by using a BLD type vertical stirrer to fully mix the copper tailings and the copper tailings according to a certain proportion, adding a certain amount of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into the mixture, and forming a mixture with certain hardness (similar to cement) after the copper tailings and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully combined;
s2, adding a certain amount of water into the mixture with certain hardness in the step (1) to enable the mixture and the water to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, stir with BLD type vertical mixer equally, treat both intensive mixing backs, the ridge is piled with the mixture to the small-size ridge machine of beating of reuse, every ridge bottom width 0.5 meter, ridge height 0.50 meter, and whole ridge face is the arc that the angle of inclination is about 60, and the ditch width that the ridge was sunken down is 0.22 meter, and the area ratio of the sunken part area in ridge and the protruding part down of this moment can be about 1: 3;
s3, placing PV tubes with the thickness of 110 x 3.2mm and the outer diameter per meter half-split between the ridges in the step (2) to form a drainage ditch;
s4, further optimizing and processing the raised parts of the ridges in the step (2), and making the ridge surfaces into arcs with certain amplitude, so that rainwater and the like can flow into PV drainage pipes at the bottoms of the ridges along the same direction.
Example 8
A method for preparing a protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, putting a small amount of alkali activator with 10 percent of calcium hydroxide content into the copper tailings, stirring the mixture for about 8 minutes by a BLD type vertical stirrer to ensure that the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully mixed according to a certain proportion, then adding a certain amount of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into the mixture, and forming a mixture with certain hardness (similar to cement) after the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully combined;
s2, adding a certain amount of water into the mixture with certain hardness in the step (1) to enable the mixture and the water to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5, stir with BLD type vertical mixer equally, treat both intensive mixing backs, the ridge is piled with the mixture to the small-size ridge machine of beating of reuse, and every ridge bottom is wide 0.5 meter, and the ridge height is 0.50 meters, and whole ridge face is the arc that the angle of inclination is about 60, and the ditch width that the ridge was sunken down is 0.22 meters, and the area ratio of the sunken part area in ridge and the protruding part down this moment can be about 1: 3;
s3, placing PV tubes with the thickness of 110 x 3.2mm and the outer diameter per meter half-split between the ridges in the step (2) to form a drainage ditch;
s4, further optimizing the raised part of the ridge in the step (2), and making the ridge surface into an arc shape with a certain range, so that rainwater and the like can flow into the PV drain pipe at the bottom of the ridge along the same direction.
Example 9
A method for preparing a protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, putting a small amount of alkali activator with 10 percent of calcium hydroxide content into the copper tailings, stirring the mixture for about 8 minutes by a BLD type vertical stirrer to ensure that the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully mixed according to a certain proportion, then adding a certain amount of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into the mixture, and forming a mixture with certain hardness (similar to cement) after the alkali activator and the BLD type vertical stirrer are fully combined;
s2, adding a certain amount of water into the mixture with certain hardness in the step (1) to enable the mixture and the water to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 2, stir with BLD type vertical mixer equally, treat both intensive mixing backs, the ridge is piled with the mixture to the small-size ridger of reuse, every ridge bottom width 0.5 meters, ridge height 0.50 meters, and whole ridge face is the arc that the angle of inclination is about 60, and the ditch width that the ridge was sunken down is 0.22 meters, and the area ratio of the sunken part area in ridge and the sunken part down of this moment can be about 1: 3;
s3, placing PV tubes with the thickness of 110 x 3.2mm and the outer diameter per meter half-split between the ridges in the step (2) to form a drainage ditch;
s4, further optimizing and processing the raised parts of the ridges in the step (2), and making the ridge surfaces into arcs with certain amplitude, so that rainwater and the like can flow into PV drainage pipes at the bottoms of the ridges along the same direction.
Experimental methods the experimental methods were constructed according to the method of Experimental example 1, and the control groups were constructed according to the methods of examples 2-9; the soil erosion control degree was also examined, and the results are shown in tables 1, 2, and 3.
TABLE 1 relationship between the ratio of concave-convex area of ridge and the degree of soil erosion control when calcium hydroxide content and mixture ratio of mixture to water are fixed
Table 2 shows the relationship between the calcium hydroxide content and the soil erosion control degree when the concave-convex area ratio of the ridge and the mixing ratio of the mixture and water are fixed
TABLE 3 relationship between the mixing ratio of the mixture and water and the soil erosion control degree when the concave-convex area ratio and the calcium hydroxide content of the ridges are constant
In the experimental examples 1-3, the water and soil loss control degree reaches 80%, so that in a proper range of calcium hydroxide content and the mixing proportion of the mixture and water, the higher the concave-convex area ratio of the ridge is, the larger the inclination of the ridge surface is, and the higher the water and soil loss control degree is; in the experimental examples 4 to 9, when the ratio of the area of the ridges and the mixing ratio of the mixture and water were fixed, the degree of soil erosion control increased with the increase in the content of calcium hydroxide. When the concave-convex area ratio of the ridge and the content of calcium hydroxide are fixed, the water and soil loss treatment degree is reduced along with the increase of the mixing ratio of the mixture and water.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a protective layer for preventing dust raising and water and soil loss of a tailing pond in a high-altitude area by using copper tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, fully mixing the copper tailings with an alkali activator, and mixing the mixture with a hydrophobic material in proportion to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding water into the mixture obtained in the step (1), stirring, and performing ridging on the top of the tailings after the mixture with hardness is formed;
s3, placing the halved PV pipes between the ridges in the step (2) to form drainage ditches;
s4, finally, making the ridge in the step (2) into an arc shape.
2. The method for preparing the protective layer for preventing dust emission and water and soil loss of the tailings pond of the high-altitude area by using the copper tailings according to claim 1, wherein the copper tailings in the step (1) are subjected to in-situ ridge piling after directly taking stones from the top of the copper tailings pond to prepare a mixture.
3. The method for preparing the protective layer for preventing dust emission and soil erosion of the tailings pond of the high-altitude area by using the copper tailings according to claim 1, wherein the alkali activator in the step (1) comprises calcium hydroxide.
4. The method for preparing the protective layer for preventing dust emission and soil erosion of the tailings pond of the high-altitude area by using the copper tailings as claimed in claim 3, wherein the content of calcium hydroxide in the alkali-activating agent is 5% -15%.
5. The method for preparing the protective layer for preventing dust emission and soil erosion of the tailings pond in the high-altitude area by using the copper tailings according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the mixture obtained by mixing the copper tailings and the alkali activator in the step (1) is 10.0-12.0.
6. The method for preparing the protective layer for preventing dust emission and soil erosion of the tailings pond of the high-altitude area by using the copper tailings according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic material in the step (1) is polytetrafluoroethylene; the hydrophobic material, the copper tailings and the alkali activator are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1.5-2: 1, and mixing.
7. The method for preparing the protective layer for preventing dust emission and soil erosion of the tailings pond of the high-altitude area by using the copper tailings according to claim 1, wherein the mixture of the step (2) and water is mixed according to a ratio of 1: 1-2, and mixing and stirring.
8. The method for preparing the dust-raising and water and soil loss prevention protective layer for the tailings pond of the high-altitude area by using the copper tailings according to claim 1, wherein the width of the ridge pile in the step (2) is 0.5m, the height of the ridge pile is 0.29-0.50m, the side surface of the ridge pile is in an arc shape with an inclination angle of 30-60 degrees, the width of the furrow is 0.22 m, and the bottom of the ridge is 0.05 m thick.
9. The method for preparing the protective layer for preventing dust emission and water and soil loss from the tailings pond of the high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein the PV drainage pipe adopted in the step (3) has the specification of 110 x 3.2mm thick outer diameter per meter.
10. The method for preparing the protective layer for preventing dust emission and water and soil loss from the tailings pond of the high-altitude area by using the copper tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protective layer for preventing dust emission and water and soil loss from the tailings pond is a wave-shaped barrier layer, and the area ratio of the concave part to the convex part of the ridge is 1: 1 to 3.
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