CN115057410A - Conical solar methane reforming reactor based on intensified preheating - Google Patents
Conical solar methane reforming reactor based on intensified preheating Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/30—Solar heat collectors for heating objects, e.g. solar cookers or solar furnaces
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0866—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combination of different heating methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a conical solar methane reforming reactor based on intensified preheating, which comprises an ellipsoidal quartz window for receiving solar radiation; an outer material inlet cavity; an inner material inlet cavity containing a porous medium to absorb solar radiation to increase inlet material temperature; the porous medium reaction cavity is arranged between the inner side material inlet cavity and the outer side material inlet cavity, absorbs solar radiation through the porous medium, exchanges heat with materials flowing into the inner side cavity and the outer side cavity through the conical partition plate, and strengthens preheating; the reaction chamber contains a porous medium coated with a catalyst, and the material flows into the chamber and then undergoes a reforming reaction. The reactor guides materials to flow into the reaction cavity through the inner side and the outer side, and meanwhile, the porous medium is filled in the material inlet cavity at the inner side, so that the preheating process and the tail heat recovery are enhanced, the temperature of the reaction cavity is increased, the temperature of outlet gas is reduced, and the efficient reforming of methane is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a conical solar methane reforming reactor based on enhanced preheating, and belongs to the relevant fields of solar high-temperature thermochemical reaction, methane catalytic reforming, hydrogen production from renewable energy sources and the like.
Background
Hydrogen energy has a long history. Since the middle of the 20 th century, it has been an integral part of the energy industry, and since 1975, the demand for hydrogen in the industry has grown more than three times, and this growth trend will continue in the future.
The current hydrogen energy market is established among the following attributes of hydrogen: low density, storage, good reactivity, high energy content per unit mass, and easy industrial production.
Currently, there is an increasing interest in the widespread use of hydrogen energy in clean energy systems, which mainly depends on two additional characteristics of hydrogen energy, namely that the use of hydrogen does not directly emit air pollutants or greenhouse gases; secondly, it can be made from various low-carbon energy sources. Low carbon hydrogen production of fossil fuels is also possible if combined with carbon capture, use and carbon storage, and the problem of carbon emissions during fossil fuel extraction and supply is alleviated.
Currently, about 7000 million tons of dedicated hydrogen are produced per day, 76% of which are derived from natural gas and the remaining 23% are almost entirely derived from coal. Natural gas is the primary source of hydrogen production, which consumes about 2050 cubic meters of natural gas per year, and methane reforming reactors using natural gas are the primary facilities dedicated to the ammonia, methanol industries and oil refineries for hydrogen production. Steam reforming of methane (SMR) is the most widespread technology for large-scale production of hydrogen from natural gas, which is both the fuel and feedstock in SMR. Typically, 30% -40% of the natural gas is burned as fuel for the reforming process, while the remainder of the natural gas is decomposed into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by the reforming process. Because of the economic benefits of SMR and the large number of SMR units currently in operation, SMR may still be the dominant technology for large-scale hydrogen production in the near future. SMR needs very high energy input, solar energy is used as high-density clean energy, the solar energy is inexhaustible, and the high-temperature environment required by the SMR can be provided under the coordination of a light-gathering system, so that the methane steam reforming reactor always focuses solar radiation through a disc-type solar light-gathering device, and then sunlight enters a cavity through a quartz window to drive reforming reaction.
In a traditional methane steam reforming reactor, reaction materials with lower temperature are directly conveyed to a reaction area of the reactor through an inlet guide pipe and exchange heat with a high-temperature porous medium catalyst receiving solar radiation, but the solar radiation flux is in Gaussian distribution and is absorbed by a porous medium and heated to about 800 ℃ after being converged by a disc condenser, so that larger thermal stress exists in the reactor, the stability of the reactor structure is challenged, the temperature difference of flow-solid heat exchange is large to cause larger irreversible loss, and the average temperature of the reaction area is reduced, so that the conversion rate of the reaction materials is reduced, the hydrogen yield is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency is reduced.
Therefore, consideration is now given to optimizing the temperature field distribution in the methane reforming reactor and alleviating the problems of irreversible loss and the like caused by excessive flow-solid temperature difference. If the waste heat of the outlet high-temperature gas is utilized to exchange heat with the imported low-temperature material, the high-temperature waste heat of the synthesis gas is recycled, so that the imported material is preheated, part of solar radiation is recycled to heat the imported material, the temperature of the imported material is further improved, the temperature field distribution in the methane reforming reactor is effectively improved, the temperature of a reaction area is improved, the hydrogen yield and the conversion rate of the imported material are improved, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a solution for solving the problems that the temperature of materials entering a reaction zone of the conventional solar methane reforming reactor is low, the temperature difference of fluid-solid heat exchange is too large, the average temperature of the reaction zone and the conversion rate of the materials are reduced, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a toper solar energy methane reforming reactor based on reinforce preheating, this solar energy methane reforming reactor has the inside and outside both sides material import cavity with the toper baffle is separated, including ellipsoidal quartz window, inboard material import cavity, inboard porous medium, outside material import cavity, porous medium reaction chamber, reaction chamber porous medium catalyst, inboard material gas input pipe, outside material gas input pipe, synthetic gas output pipe, inboard toper baffle, outside toper baffle, the heat preservation, inboard flange, the outside flange, the bolt, the nut, the gasket, the black body cavity, bearing structure, the space is regional, wherein: the black body cavity is of a cylindrical structure, the inside cavity is provided with a light hole for installing an ellipsoidal quartz window at the top and used for receiving solar incident radiation, the bottom of the black body cavity is connected with a flange, material gas input pipes are symmetrically installed on the outer side of the black body cavity, the pipes are communicated with the material inlet cavity on the outer side, and an inner material inlet cavity and a porous medium reaction cavity are formed in the black body cavity by an inner conical partition plate;
the inner side material inlet cavity is of a conical cavity structure, the bottom of the inner side material inlet cavity is connected with an inner side material gas input conduit, the top of the inner side material inlet cavity is filled with an inner side porous medium, and the outer side of the inner side material inlet cavity is connected with the porous medium reaction cavity through a supporting structure;
the porous medium reaction cavity is of a conical cavity structure, the bottom of the porous medium reaction cavity is connected with a synthetic gas output conduit, the top of the porous medium reaction cavity is filled with a porous medium catalyst, and the outside of the porous medium reaction cavity is connected with a blackbody cavity through a flange.
In the above scheme, the porous medium reaction cavity and the outer material inlet cavity are separated by the outer conical partition plate so as to strengthen preheating and improve the temperature of the inner material inlet.
In the above scheme, the material flow direction of the outer side material inlet cavity is the same as that of the inner side material inlet cavity, the material flow direction of the outer side material inlet cavity is opposite to that of the porous medium reaction cavity, and preheating is enhanced by adopting a structure and countercurrent arrangement of inlets on the inner side and the outer side.
In the scheme, the ellipsoidal quartz window at the top of the blackbody cavity, the inner side and outer side material inlet cavities and the porous medium reaction cavity form a gap area so as to guide the inner side and outer side inlet materials to enter the porous medium reaction area for reforming reaction after being mixed at the gap, and the temperature of the outer side inlet materials is effectively improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the solar methane reforming reactor provided by the invention fully utilizes heat energy with different tastes, such as solar energy, outlet gas waste heat and the like, based on the principle of cooperation of a temperature field and a concentration field, and improves the energy utilization efficiency.
(2) According to the solar methane reforming reactor provided by the invention, the preheating of the imported materials is realized by adopting a double-inlet countercurrent structural arrangement, the temperature of a reaction area is increased, the chemical reaction rate is increased, the temperature difference of fluid-solid heat exchange is reduced, and the irreversible loss is reduced.
(3) According to the solar methane reforming reactor provided by the invention, the ratio of the flow of the inner inlet and the flow of the outer inlet can be adjusted by arranging the structure of the material inlet cavities on the inner side and the outer side, the waste heat of the outlet gas is effectively utilized to enhance heat exchange, and the waste heat recovery is realized.
(4) According to the solar methane reforming reactor provided by the invention, the structure of the conical rotary cavity is adopted, so that the absorption of the reaction cavity to solar radiation and the volume of the porous medium catalyst are increased, the reaction volume is increased, and the hydrogen yield is improved.
(5) According to the solar methane reforming reactor provided by the invention, the gap area is arranged at the bottom of the ellipsoidal quartz window, so that the materials on the inner side and the outer side are mixed before entering the reaction area, the temperature of the material on the outer side and the temperature uniformity of the whole material are improved, and the materials can be subjected to high-efficiency reforming reaction in the porous medium reaction area.
(6) According to the solar methane reforming reactor provided by the invention, the material inlet cavity at the inner side is designed into a conical cavity structure, and the included acute angle between a generatrix and a central line of the material inlet cavity is 0-7 degrees. The structure with narrow top and wide bottom is beneficial to increasing the volume of the porous medium reaction cavity and improving the material conversion rate while increasing the heat exchange area of the material inlet cavity at the inner side.
(7) According to the solar methane reforming reactor provided by the invention, the porous medium reaction cavity is designed into a conical cavity structure, and an acute angle formed by a generatrix and a central line of the porous medium reaction cavity is 0-7 degrees. The structure with wide top and narrow bottom is favorable for increasing the volume of the porous medium reaction cavity and improving the material conversion rate while increasing the heat exchange area of the material inlet cavity at the outer side.
(8) According to the solar methane reforming reactor provided by the invention, under the condition of a certain total mass flow, the flow distribution of the inner material inlet cavity and the outer material inlet cavity can be adjusted by arranging the two inlet cavities, so that the optimal preheating strengthening effect is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional methane reforming reactor taken along line A-A;
FIG. 7(a) shows methane conversion for a set of process conditions for the present and conventional methane reactors and (b) shows hydrogen production for a set of process conditions for the present and conventional methane reactors;
description of the reference symbols in the drawings:
1-an ellipsoidal quartz window, 2-an inner side material inlet cavity, 3-an inner side porous medium, 4-an outer side material inlet cavity, 5-a porous medium reaction cavity, 6-a reaction cavity porous medium catalyst, 7-an inner side material gas input conduit, 8-an outer side material gas input conduit, 9-a synthetic gas output conduit, 10-an inner side conical partition plate, 11-an outer side conical partition plate, 12-a heat insulation layer, 13-an inner side flange, 14-an outer side flange, 15-a bolt, 16-a nut, 17-a gasket, 18-a black body cavity, 19-a support structure and 20-a gap area.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, without limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, which are three views and a sectional view along a line a-a of a conical solar methane reforming reactor based on enhanced preheating of the present invention, the reactor comprises an ellipsoidal quartz window 1, an inner material inlet chamber 2, an inner porous medium 3, an outer material inlet chamber 4, a porous medium reaction chamber 5, a reaction chamber porous medium catalyst 6, an inner material gas input conduit 7, an outer material gas input conduit 8, a syngas output conduit 9, an inner conical partition plate 10, an outer conical partition plate 11, a heat insulation layer 12, an inner flange 13, an outer flange 14, a bolt 15, a nut 16, a gasket 17, a blackbody cavity 18, a support structure 19, and a void area 20; the inner side material inlet cavity 2 is of a conical cavity structure, the bottom pipe diameter is designed to be 26mm in inner diameter, the top pipe diameter is designed to be 12mm in inner diameter, an acute angle formed by a bus and a central line is 0-7 degrees, the bottom is connected with the inner side material gas input conduit 7, the top is filled with the inner side porous medium 3, and the outer side is connected with the porous medium reaction cavity 5 through the supporting structure 19; the porous medium reaction cavity 5 is of a conical cavity structure, the bottom pipe diameter is designed to be 68mm in inner diameter, the top pipe diameter is designed to be 54mm in inner diameter, an acute angle formed by a bus and a central line is 0-7 degrees, the bottom is connected with a synthesis gas output conduit 9, the top is filled with a reaction cavity porous medium catalyst 6, and the outside is connected with the blackbody cavity 18 through a flange 13.
The inside pipe diameter of blackbody cavity designs to diameter 82mm, and heat preservation thickness designs to 5mm, and toper baffle thickness designs to 1mm, and the internal diameter design of outside material gas input pipe is diameter 5 mm.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples of a conical solar methane reforming reactor based on enhanced preheating: the implementation mode is operated at normal pressure, and the material gas is mixed according to a certain proportion (CH) 4 :H 2 O is 1:2) is respectively introduced from the inner side material inlet cavity and the outer side material inlet cavity, the total mass flow is controlled in the range of 0.3kg/h to 0.9kg/h, and the inner side material mass flow and the outer side material mass flow respectively account for 40 percent and 60 percent of the total flow.
The direct solar radiation intensity (DNI) is 700W/m 2 . Solar radiation is concentrated by a dish having a concentration ratio of 1000After being converged, the quartz glass passes through the quartz window, is absorbed by the porous medium and is heated. The material gas with the mass flow of 0.3kg/h is preheated by the inlet cavity, then mixed in the top gap area of the blackbody cavity, and enters the porous medium reaction area for reforming reaction, wherein the water vapor and the methane generate the synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide under the action of the porous medium catalyst in the high-temperature environment provided by solar radiation, the synthesis gas is discharged from the output conduit, the subsequent separation operation is carried out, and the conversion rate of the methane and the hydrogen yield are calculated. The mass flow of the feed gas was increased and the same operation was continued until the inlet mass flow was increased to 0.9 kg/h. Setting a reference group as a traditional methane reforming reactor, and adjusting the porous medium reaction cavity into a cylindrical cavity by taking the bottom diameter as a reference; removing the structures such as the inner inlet cavity and the inner conical partition plate, and combining the structures into a reaction cavity, wherein the structure is shown in FIG. 6; the material gas is completely led into the cavity from the material gas input conduit at the outer side, and other process conditions are the same.
Through simulation calculation of commercial software, the methane conversion rate and the hydrogen yield of the invention under each set process condition are higher than those of the traditional methane reforming reactor, and the calculation result is shown in figure 7. Under the working condition that the mass flow is increased from 0.3kg/h to 0.9kg/h, the methane conversion rate and the hydrogen yield of the conical reactor are increased along with the increase of the mass flow, which shows that the conical reactor can be more suitable for different working conditions, and particularly shows better overall performance under the condition of large flow.
Claims (10)
1. A conical solar methane reforming reactor based on enhanced preheating is characterized in that the solar methane reforming reactor is provided with an inner side material inlet cavity and an outer side material inlet cavity which are separated by a conical partition plate, and the inner side material inlet cavity and the outer side material inlet cavity comprise an ellipsoidal quartz window (1), an inner side material inlet cavity (2), an inner side porous medium (3), an outer side material inlet cavity (4), a porous medium reaction cavity (5), a reaction cavity porous medium catalyst (6), an inner side material gas input conduit (7), an outer side material gas input conduit (8), a synthetic gas output conduit (9), an inner side conical partition plate (10), an outer side conical partition plate (11), a heat insulation layer (12), an inner side flange (13), an outer side flange (14), a bolt (15), a nut (16), a gasket (17), a black body cavity (18), a supporting structure (19) and a gap area (20), the bottom of the blackbody cavity (18) is connected with a flange (13), material gas input conduits (8) are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the blackbody cavity, the outer side material gas input conduits (8) are communicated with the outer side material inlet cavity (4), and the inner side material inlet cavity (2) and the porous medium reaction cavity (5) are formed in the blackbody cavity (18) by an inner side conical partition plate (10); the inner side material inlet cavity (2) is of a conical cavity structure, an acute angle formed by a bus and a central line is 0-7 degrees, the bottom of the inner side material inlet cavity is connected with an inner side material gas input conduit (7), the top of the inner side porous medium inlet cavity is filled with an inner side porous medium (3), the outer side of the inner side material inlet cavity is connected with a porous medium reaction cavity (5) through a supporting structure (19), the bottom of the porous medium reaction cavity (5) is connected with a synthesis gas output conduit (9), the top of the inner side material inlet cavity is filled with a reaction cavity porous medium catalyst (6), and the outer part of the inner side material inlet cavity is connected with a blackbody cavity (18) through a flange (13).
2. The solar methane reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the blackbody cavity (18) is a cylindrical structure, the inner cavity having a top provided with an aperture for receiving an ellipsoidal quartz window (1) for receiving incident solar radiation.
3. The solar methane reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the porous medium reaction chamber (5) has a conical cavity structure, and the generatrix and the centerline of the reaction chamber form an acute angle of 0-7 °.
4. The solar methane reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the porous medium reaction chamber (5) in the blackbody cavity (18) enhances preheating of the influent by the fluid in the reaction zone, the inner material inlet chamber (2) enhances heat recovery from the influent at the end of the reaction zone, and the inner porous medium (3) is made of silicon carbide to absorb solar radiation to enhance preheating and increase the inlet material temperature.
5. The solar methane reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the porous medium reaction chamber (5) in the blackbody cavity (18) is separated from the outer feed inlet chamber (4) by an outer conical baffle (11), the conical configuration increasing the absorption of solar radiation by the reactor, increasing the inner feed temperature, and simultaneously enhancing the preheating of the influent by the reaction zone fluid.
6. The solar methane reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the material flow direction of the outer material inlet chamber (4) is the same as the material flow direction of the inner material inlet chamber (2) and opposite to the material flow direction of the porous medium reaction chamber (5), and the preheating of the inflow fluid by the inner fluid is enhanced by adopting a structure and a counter-flow arrangement of the inlets at the inner side and the outer side.
7. The solar methane reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the ellipsoidal quartz window (1) at the top of the blackbody cavity (18) and the inner and outer material inlet cavities and (2, 4) the porous medium reaction cavity (5) form a gap area (20) to guide the inner and outer inlet materials to enter the porous medium reaction zone for reforming reaction after being mixed at the gap, thereby effectively increasing the temperature of the outer inlet material.
8. The solar methane reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the inner material inlet cavity (2) has a tapered cavity structure, and the structure with a narrow top and a wide bottom is beneficial to increasing the volume of the porous medium reaction cavity (5) and improving the material conversion rate while increasing the heat exchange area of the inner material inlet cavity.
9. The solar methane reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the porous medium reaction cavity (5) has a tapered cavity structure, and the structure with a wide top and a narrow bottom is beneficial to increasing the volume of the porous medium reaction cavity (5) and improving the material conversion rate while increasing the heat exchange area of the outer material inlet cavity.
10. The solar methane reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the flow distribution ratio of the inner material inlet cavity (2) and the outer material inlet cavity (4) can be adjusted by providing two inlet cavities under a certain total mass flow, so as to achieve the effect of enhanced preheating.
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