CN115056477A - Melt extrusion device suitable for metal-polymer composite 3D prints - Google Patents

Melt extrusion device suitable for metal-polymer composite 3D prints Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115056477A
CN115056477A CN202210638360.9A CN202210638360A CN115056477A CN 115056477 A CN115056477 A CN 115056477A CN 202210638360 A CN202210638360 A CN 202210638360A CN 115056477 A CN115056477 A CN 115056477A
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extrusion
feeding
shaft
printing
nozzle
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CN202210638360.9A
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CN115056477B (en
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周功苗
陈洁
林子杭
胡勇强
曹宇
刘文文
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Wenzhou University
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Wenzhou University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/16—Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B29C64/329—Feeding using hoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/16—Cooling
    • B29C2035/1658—Cooling using gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a melt extrusion device for 3D printing of a metal-polymer composite material, which comprises a multi-mode feeding mechanism and a composite extrusion mechanism. The multi-mode feeding mechanism can quantitatively and continuously provide granular and filamentous metal-polymer composite materials for the composite type extrusion mechanism, and the problems that continuous feeding cannot be realized and the feeding mode is single when the granular metal-polymer composite materials are printed are solved. The hollow extrusion screw in the composite extrusion mechanism has the characteristics that the central part transmits filamentous materials and the outside of the screw transmits granular materials, and barrier-free switching between screw extrusion 3D printing and wire extrusion 3D printing modes is realized. The removable nozzle is capable of quickly removing residual printing material from the nozzle in the event of a choke plug. The multi-mode feeding mechanism and the composite extrusion mechanism with the detachable nozzle effectively solve the problems that the existing 3D printing nozzle is single in feeding mode and discontinuous, is easy to block and is difficult to clean after the block.

Description

Melt extrusion device suitable for metal-polymer composite 3D prints
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of a metal-polymer composite material.
Background
Based on the discrete-stacking principle, the additive manufacturing technology is a revolutionary manufacturing technology integrating advanced manufacturing, digital manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing, and discrete materials (liquid, powder, wires and the like) are stacked layer by layer to realize solid manufacturing. The 3D printing technology of melt extrusion molding is that a printing material is heated and melted, a nozzle at the bottom of a spray head moves to a specified position under the control of a program according to model data to extrude the molten material, and a three-dimensional entity is finally formed by layer-by-layer accumulation. As a new advanced manufacturing technology, the 3D printing technology by melt extrusion molding has the advantages of relatively simple mechanical structure, diversified printing materials, and the like, and has been widely used in related fields such as industrial design, biomedical, industrial dies, and power energy. However, the forming equipment of the melt extrusion forming 3D printing technology still has the problems of single and discontinuous feeding mode, easy plugging, difficult cleaning after plugging and the like.
The Chinese patent with application number 201811589004.2 provides a ceramic 3D printing extruder, which solves the problem that a printed piece is easy to scrap due to the fact that the extrusion speed of a 3D printer melt extrusion device cannot be accurately controlled, and the ceramic slurry is pushed by air pressure to achieve single-mode continuous feeding, but a nozzle is easy to block and difficult to clean; the Chinese invention patent with the application number of 201910716058.9 provides an extrusion screw with a small length-diameter ratio and an extrusion device, which utilize the extrusion screw with the small length-diameter ratio and light weight to extrude and print thermoplastic materials, but can not realize multi-mode continuous feeding, and has the situations of easy blockage during printing and inconvenient cleaning after the blockage; the utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent that application number is 202021578380.4 provides a novel 3D printer nozzle, can effectively solve 3D printer nozzle and easily block up, life weak point scheduling problem, nevertheless because it has installed gear, screw rod isotructure in the nozzle, the processing assembly is more difficult.
In conclusion, no 3D printing nozzle with both continuous feeding and melt extrusion functions for filamentous and granular printing materials has been reported. Therefore, the invention patent is to solve the problem that the blockage is easy to occur near the printing nozzle on the basis of the innovative design of the novel 3D printing nozzle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a melt extrusion apparatus suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials; the metal-polymer composite material 3D printing, melting and extruding device can continuously provide filamentous materials or granular materials for the composite extruding mechanism in the printing process, so that the time and labor waste of manual feeding are reduced, and the automation degree and the printing efficiency are improved to a certain extent; and the ink can be quickly cleaned after the plug occurs, and unnecessary time waste in the printing process is reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials comprises a multi-mode feeding mechanism and a composite extrusion mechanism;
the multi-mode feeding mechanism consists of a granular material feeding unit and a filamentous material feeding unit and is used for continuously providing granular materials or filamentous materials for the composite extrusion mechanism; the composite extrusion mechanism comprises a granular material extrusion unit, a filamentous material extrusion unit, a heating temperature control unit, a detachable nozzle and a cooling and control unit, wherein the granular material extrusion unit and the filamentous material extrusion unit are used for conveying granular materials or filamentous materials to the area where the heating temperature control unit is located, and the melted materials are extruded through the detachable nozzle to realize the forming of the materials; the composite extrusion mechanism is fixed on the 3D printer.
Further, the particle material feeding unit comprises a main bin, a small vibration motor, a conveying disc shell, a particle material conveying disc, a feeding deep groove ball bearing, a feeding speed reducer, a feeding stepping motor and a feeding pipe, wherein the main bin is used for storing the particle metal-polymer composite material, and the small vibration motor is fixed at the flange of the main bin in an adhesive mode and used for preventing a feed opening from being blocked; the particle material conveying disc is arranged in the conveying disc shell and is connected with an output shaft of the feeding speed reducer through a feeding deep groove ball bearing; the inlet of the granular material conveying disc is communicated with a flange opening of the main storage bin, and the outlet of the granular material conveying disc is communicated with a feeding pipe; an input shaft of the feeding speed reducer is connected with the stepping motor and is used for increasing the torque of the feeding stepping motor so as to drive the internal granular material conveying disc to rotate at a fixed angle, so that the granular materials in the granular material conveying disc can quantitatively and continuously fall into the feeding pipe; the granular material falls into a small bin through a feeding pipe under the action of gravity.
Further, filamentous material feeding unit includes silk material reel, silk material reel mounting and silk material reel axle, and the silk material twines on the silk material reel, and the silk material reel is installed on the silk material reel axle and is fixed by silk material reel mounting.
Further, the granular material extrusion unit comprises an extrusion stepping motor, an extrusion speed reducer, a speed reducer fixing frame, a driving gear, a driven gear, a hollow feeding screw, a screw fixing piece, a small storage bin, an extrusion discharge barrel and a charging barrel fixing piece;
a cavity for the wires to pass through is formed in the hollow feeding screw rod, and the screw rod fixing piece is arranged on the periphery of the hollow feeding screw rod; the extrusion discharge barrel is connected with the small storage bin through the shaft hole in an interference fit manner to realize communication; the extrusion barrel is fixed through a barrel fixing part, and the hollow feeding screw rod extends into the bottom of the extrusion barrel; the extrusion speed reducer is installed on the speed reducer fixing frame through threaded connection, an input shaft of the extrusion speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of the extrusion stepping motor, and the driving gear is installed on the output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer and is meshed with the driven gear; the hollow feeding screw rod and the driven gear are matched through the shaft hole to obtain rotary power, so that the granular materials falling to the top of the extrusion cylinder through the small bin can be transmitted to the heating temperature control unit for heating and melting, and the metal-polymer composite materials after heating and melting are extruded through the detachable nozzle.
Further, the filamentous material extrusion unit comprises a first connecting shaft, a small clutch, a worm connecting shaft, a worm wheel, an extrusion deep groove ball bearing, a turbine shaft, a feeding pinion shaft, a spring and a pinion shaft sliding piece;
the first connecting shaft is arranged on an output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer, meanwhile, the first connecting shaft is connected with the worm connecting shaft through a small clutch, and the worm is arranged on the worm connecting shaft and meshed with the turbine; the turbine is arranged on a turbine shaft, and the turbine shaft is connected with the part connecting plate through an extrusion deep groove ball bearing; the wire penetrates through the space between the turbine and the pinion and extends into the hollow feeding screw; the pinion shaft is mounted on a pinion shaft sliding piece, one end of the spring is fixed on the part connecting plate, the other end of the spring tightly fixes the pinion shaft under the action of the spring force, and the pinion shaft is used for assisting the turbine to clamp the wire.
Furthermore, the heating temperature control unit comprises a heating aluminum block, a thermistor and a high-power heating rod, the high-power heating rod is used for heating the heating aluminum block, and the thermistor is used for monitoring the temperature of the extrusion nozzle part.
Furthermore, the detachable nozzle comprises a left nozzle part, a right nozzle part, a nozzle clamping ring and a set screw, the left nozzle part and the right nozzle part are made of tungsten carbide, the left nozzle part and the right nozzle part are connected together through threads of the nozzle clamping ring, and are locked in position through the set screw, and the set screw is used for ensuring that the left part and the right part of the nozzle clamping ring and the left part of the nozzle do not slide in the circumferential direction.
Further, the cooling and control unit comprises a control panel, a control panel support and a cooling fan, the control panel support and the cooling fan are directly connected onto the part connecting plate through bolts, the cooling fan, the feeding stepping motor, the extruding stepping motor, the thermistor and the high-power heating rod are connected with the control panel through wires, and the control panel is fixed on the control panel support.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the melt extrusion device for 3D printing of the metal-polymer composite material can continuously provide granular metal-polymer composite materials and filamentous metal-polymer composite materials for melt extrusion molding 3D printing technologies in different modes through the multi-mode feeding mechanism. When the granular materials are required to be printed, the granular material conveying disc is regularly driven by the stepping motor to convey the granular materials from the total material bin to the small material bin quantitatively and continuously, so that the problem that manual feeding is required when 3D printing is carried out through screw extrusion is effectively solved; when the wires are required to be printed, the wire reel is fixed on the wire reel shaft, the wires wound in the wire reel are continuously fed into the hollow extrusion screw under the traction action of the turbine, two metal-polymer composite materials in different forms are continuously fed under the action of different mechanisms, the automation degree of the melting extrusion device is improved, and unnecessary time waste is reduced.
(2) The composite extrusion mechanism of the melt extrusion device for 3D printing of the metal-polymer composite material can realize melt extrusion molding 3D printing aiming at materials with different forms; when 3D printing is carried out by screw extrusion, the hollow extrusion screw obtains the power of a stepping motor after being decelerated by a speed reducer and transmitted by a parallel shaft gear, granular materials in a small storage bin are conveyed into the bottom of an extrusion material barrel under the action of rotary extrusion of the screw, and are finally heated, melted and extruded by a detachable nozzle; when 3D printing of filament extrusion is carried out, one end of the filament is dragged by the turbine, enters the bottom of the extrusion charging barrel through the hole in the hollow extrusion screw, and is also heated, melted and extruded, so that 3D printing of the filament or granular metal-polymer composite material is realized.
(3) The melt extrusion device for 3D printing of the metal-polymer composite material is provided with the detachable nozzle, and when the plug occurs, the nozzle can be conveniently and quickly disassembled to remove residual materials in the nozzle; in addition, the root cause of the 3D printing plug extruded by the screw is the residue of the printing material, the plug can be effectively reduced by reducing the distance between the bottom of the extrusion material cylinder and the bottom of the screw, the distance is generally 1-2mm, the problems that a nozzle is easy to block and difficult to clean are solved, and the stability of the extrusion equipment is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structure of a metal-polymer composite 3D printed melt extrusion device;
FIG. 2 is a full cross-sectional view of the multi-mode feed mechanism;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a compound extrusion mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a full cross-sectional view of a compound extrusion mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a compound extrusion mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a removable nozzle;
FIG. 7 is a rear view of the compound extrusion mechanism;
the meaning of the reference symbols in the figures is:
the multi-mode feeding mechanism 1, the granular material feeding unit 11, the total bin 110, the small vibration motor 111, the transport tray shell 112, the granular material transport tray 113, the feeding deep groove ball bearing 114, the feeding speed reducer 115, the feeding stepping motor 116, the feeding pipe 117, the filamentary material feeding unit 12, the filament reel 120, the filament 121, the filament reel fixing member 122, the filament reel shaft 123, the composite extrusion mechanism 2, the granular material extrusion unit 21, the extrusion stepping motor 210, the extrusion speed reducer 211, the stepping motor fixing member 212, the driving gear 213, the driven gear 214, the hollow feeding screw 215, the screw fixing member 216, the small bin 217, the extrusion material barrel 218, the barrel fixing member 219, the filamentary material extrusion unit 22, the gear connecting shaft 220, the small clutch 221, the worm connecting shaft 222, the worm 223, the turbine 224, the extrusion deep groove ball bearing 225, the turbine shaft 226, the feeding small gear shaft 227, the small gear shaft, Spring 228, pinion shaft slider 229, heating temperature control unit 23, heating aluminum block 230, thermistor 231, high-power heating rod 232, detachable nozzle 24, nozzle left portion 240, nozzle right portion 241, nozzle retainer ring 242, set screw 243, cooling and control unit 25, control board 250, control board bracket 251, cooling fan 252, part connection plate 260, and extrusion mechanism connection plate 261.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-7, the invention provides a melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials, which is composed of a multi-mode feeding mechanism 1 and a composite extrusion mechanism 2.
The multi-mode feeding mechanism 1 consists of a granular material feeding unit 11 and a filamentous material feeding unit 12 and has the function of continuous multi-mode feeding of the composite extrusion mechanism 2.
The particle material feeding unit 11 comprises a main bin 110, a small vibration motor 111, a transportation disc shell 112, a particle material transportation disc 113, a feeding deep groove ball bearing 114, a feeding speed reducer 115, a feeding stepping motor 116 and a feeding pipe 117, wherein the main bin 110 is used for storing particle metal-polymer composite materials, and the small vibration motor 111 is fixed at a flange of the main bin 110 in an adhesive manner, so that the effect of preventing a feed opening from being blocked is achieved.
The particulate material transport plate 113 is mounted inside the transport plate housing 112 and is connected to the output shaft of the feed reducer 115 by means of a feed deep groove ball bearing 114. The inlet of the particulate material transport tray 113 is in communication with a flanged mouth of the main bin 110 and the outlet is in communication with a feed pipe 117. The input shaft of the feeding speed reducer 115 is connected with the stepping motor 116, and is used for increasing the torque of the feeding stepping motor 116, so that the internal particle material transport disc 113 is driven to rotate at a fixed angle, and the particle materials in the particle material transport disc 113 can quantitatively and continuously fall into the feeding pipe 117. The particulate material falls by gravity through the feed tube 117 into the silo 217. Therefore, continuous feeding of granular materials is realized, manual feeding is avoided, and the automation degree of the melting extrusion device is improved to a certain extent.
The filamentous material feeding unit 12 comprises a wire reel 120, a wire 121, a wire reel fixing member 122 and a wire reel shaft 123, wherein the wire 121 is wound on the wire reel 120, and the wire reel 120 is mounted on the wire reel shaft 123 and fixed by the wire reel fixing member 122. The above structure can continuously supply the wire to the composite extrusion mechanism 2.
The granular material feeding unit 11 and the filamentous material feeding unit 12 can automatically switch the printing materials according to the different extrusion modes of the composite extrusion mechanism 2, so that the multi-mode continuous conveying of the metal-polymer composite material is realized.
The composite extrusion mechanism 2 comprises a granular material extrusion unit 21, a filamentous material extrusion unit 22, a heating temperature control unit 23, a detachable nozzle 24 and a cooling and control unit 25, wherein the granular material extrusion unit 21 and the filamentous material extrusion unit 22 are used for transporting printing materials to an area where the heating temperature control unit 23 is located, and the melted materials are extruded through the detachable nozzle 24, so that the materials are formed. The composite extrusion mechanism 2 is fixed on the 3D printer through an extrusion mechanism connecting plate 261, and the extrusion mechanism connecting plate 261 is fixedly connected with the part connecting plate 260.
The granular material extrusion unit 21 includes an extrusion stepping motor 210, an extrusion speed reducer 211, a speed reducer fixing frame 212, a driving gear 213, a driven gear 214, a hollow feed screw 215, a screw fixing member 216, a small hopper 217, an extrusion hopper 218, and a hopper fixing member 219.
The hollow feeding screw 215 is internally provided with a cavity for the wires 121 to pass through, and the screw fixing piece 216 is arranged at the periphery of the hollow feeding screw 215 and plays a role in guiding. The extrusion charging barrel 218 is connected with the small storage bin 217 through shaft hole interference fit, and communication is achieved. The extrusion barrel 218 is fixed by a barrel fixing member 219, and the hollow feed screw 215 extends into the bottom of the extrusion barrel 218. The extrusion speed reducer 211 is installed on the speed reducer fixing frame 212 through threaded connection, an input shaft of the extrusion speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of the extrusion stepping motor 210, and the driving gear 213 is installed on the output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer 211 and is meshed with the driven gear 214; the hollow feeding screw 215 and the driven gear 214 are matched through a shaft hole to obtain rotary power, so that the granular material falling to the top of the extrusion cylinder 218 through the small bin 217 can be transmitted to the heating temperature control unit 23 to be heated and melted, and the heated and melted metal-polymer composite material is extruded through the detachable nozzle 24.
The filamentary material extrusion unit 22 includes a first spindle 220, a small clutch 221, a worm link shaft 222, a worm 223, a worm gear 224, an extrusion deep groove ball bearing 225, a turbine shaft 226, a feed pinion shaft 227, a spring 228, and a pinion shaft slide 229.
The first connecting shaft 220 is arranged on an output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer 211, meanwhile, the first connecting shaft 220 is connected with a worm connecting shaft 222 through a small clutch 221, and a worm 223 is arranged on the worm connecting shaft 222 and meshed with a worm wheel 224; the turbine 224 is mounted on a turbine shaft 226, and the turbine shaft 226 is connected with a part connecting plate 260 through an extrusion deep groove ball bearing 225. The wire 121 extends into the hollow feed screw 215 through between the turbine 224 and the pinion.
The pinion shaft 227 is mounted on a pinion shaft slider 229, one end of a spring 228 is fixed on the part attaching plate 260, and the other end of the spring fastens the pinion shaft 227 by the action of the spring force, the pinion shaft 227 can still slide on the pinion shaft slider 229, and the pinion shaft 227 can assist the worm wheel 224 to clamp the filament 121 when the filament material is extruded, and push the filament 121 into the hollow feed screw 215 under the rotation of the worm wheel 224.
When the wire is extruded, the turbine 224 obtaining power conveys the wire 121 to the hollow feeding screw 215, the wire 121 reaches the bottom of the extruding cylinder 218 through the hollow feeding screw 215, the heating temperature control unit 23 heats and melts the wire 121, then the hollow feeding screw 215 rotates, and the wire 121 is extruded through the detachable nozzle 24.
The granular material extrusion unit 21 and the filamentous material extrusion unit 22 can extrude in different forms according to the instruction of the control system, and cooperate with the multi-mode feeding mechanism 1, so that the intelligent and personalized characteristics of the composite extrusion mechanism are embodied.
The heating temperature control unit 23 comprises a heating aluminum block 230, a thermistor 231 and a high-power heating rod 232, the power of the high-power heating rod 232 is 70W, the high-power heating rod 232 is used for heating the heating aluminum block 230, the thermistor 231 can monitor the approximate temperature of the extrusion nozzle part, the heating temperature is approximately about 250 ℃, and the 3D printing of the metal-polymer composite material by melt extrusion molding can be carried out.
The detachable nozzle 24 comprises a left nozzle part 240, a right nozzle part 241, a nozzle clamping ring 242 and a set screw 243, the left nozzle part 240 and the right nozzle part 241 are made of tungsten carbide, the tungsten carbide nozzle is more high-temperature resistant than a brass nozzle, the left nozzle part 240 and the right nozzle part 241 are connected together through threads of the nozzle clamping ring 242, and are locked by the set screw 243, and the set screw 243 can ensure that the nozzle clamping ring 242 and the left and right parts of the nozzle do not slide in the circumferential direction, so that the material is extruded more stably. The detachable nozzle 24 promotes the luster and hardness of the surface of the nozzle through a nickel plating coating process, reduces the friction coefficient, enables consumable materials not to adhere to the nozzle easily, can disassemble the nozzle when the plug occurs, rapidly removes residual consumable materials, and improves the stability of the melting extrusion device while saving time.
The cooling and control unit 25 comprises a control board 250, a control board bracket 251 and a cooling fan 252, the control board bracket 251 and the cooling fan 252 are directly connected to a part connecting board 260 through bolts, the cooling fan 252, the feeding stepping motor 116, the extruding stepping motor 210, the thermistor 231 and the high-power heating rod 232 are all connected with the control board 250 through wires, the control board 250 is fixed on the control board bracket 251, and as the installation height of the cooling fan 252 is equal to that of the extruding material cylinder 218 and the control board 250, the extruding material cylinder 218 and the control board 250 can be simultaneously cooled, so that granular materials and filamentous materials can not be heated and melted on the upper part of the extruding material cylinder 218, and meanwhile, the control board 250 avoids high-temperature threat.
Example 1
The melting extrusion device for 3D printing of the metal-polymer composite material is used for forming the metal-polymer composite material part, the basic size of the part is a rectangular block with 18mmx15mmx10mm, the forming material is a filiform 316L-polyformaldehyde composite material, the printing layer height is 0.15mm, the nozzle temperature is 220 ℃, the hot bed temperature is 120 ℃, the printing speed is 35mm/s, and the packing density is 100%. The actual size of the printed part of this example was 18.1mmx14.9mmx10.3mm, and the green density was 4.5g/cm 3 。
Example 2
The melting extrusion device for 3D printing of the metal-polymer composite material is used for forming the metal-polymer composite material part, the basic size of the part is a cylinder with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 10mm, the forming material is a filamentous 316L-polyformaldehyde composite material, the printing layer height is 0.15mm, the nozzle temperature is 250 ℃, the hot bed temperature is 120 ℃, the printing speed is 35mm/s, and the filling density is 100%. The actual dimensions of the printed part of this example were 19.8mm diameter, 10.1mm height and a green density of 4.38g/cm 3 。
Example 3
The melting extrusion device for 3D printing of the metal-polymer composite material is used for forming the metal-polymer composite material part, the basic size of the part is a rectangular block with the size of 40mmx30mmx7mm, the forming material is a granular 316L-polyformaldehyde composite material, the height of a printing layer is 0.15mm, the temperature of a nozzle is 250 ℃, the temperature of a hot bed is 120 ℃, the rotating speed of a screw is 35r/min, and the packing density is 100%. The actual dimensions of the parts printed in this example were 43.2mmx32.3mmx6.5mm, and the green density was 3.85g/cm 3 。
Example 4
The melting extrusion device for 3D printing of the metal-polymer composite material is used for forming parts of the metal-polymer composite material, andthe basic size of the piece is a cylinder with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 10mm, the forming material is a granular 316L-polyformaldehyde composite material, the height of a printing layer is 0.15mm, the temperature of a nozzle is 250 ℃, the temperature of a hot bed is 120 ℃, the rotating speed of a screw is 26r/min, and the packing density is 100%. The actual dimensions of the parts printed in this example were 21.5mm diameter, 9.2mm height and a green density of 4.05g/cm 3 。
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified in numerous ways, and that such modifications do not depart from the scope of the invention. All such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of this claim.

Claims (8)

1. A melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials is characterized by comprising a multi-mode feeding mechanism (1) and a composite extrusion mechanism (2);
the multi-mode feeding mechanism (1) consists of a granular material feeding unit (11) and a filamentous material feeding unit (12) and is used for continuously providing granular materials or filamentous materials for the composite extrusion mechanism (2); the composite extrusion mechanism (2) comprises a granular material extrusion unit (21), a filamentous material extrusion unit (22), a heating temperature control unit (23), a detachable nozzle (24) and a cooling and control unit (25), wherein the granular material extrusion unit (21) and the filamentous material extrusion unit (22) are used for conveying granular materials or filamentous materials to the area where the heating temperature control unit (23) is located, and the melted materials are extruded through the detachable nozzle (24) to realize the forming of the materials; and the composite extrusion mechanism (2) is fixed on the 3D printer.
2. The melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the granular material feeding unit (11) comprises a main bin (110), a small vibration motor (111), a transport tray housing (112), a granular material transport tray (113), a feeding deep groove ball bearing (114), a feeding speed reducer (115), a feeding stepping motor (116) and a feeding pipe (117), wherein the main bin (110) is used for storing the granular metal-polymer composite materials, and the small vibration motor (111) is fixed at a flange opening of the main bin (110) in an adhesive manner and used for preventing a feed opening from being blocked; the particle material conveying disc (113) is arranged in the conveying disc shell (112) and is connected with an output shaft of a feeding speed reducer (115) through a feeding deep groove ball bearing (114); the inlet of the granular material conveying disc (113) is communicated with a flange port of the main bin (110), and the outlet is communicated with a feeding pipe (117); the input shaft of the feeding speed reducer (115) is connected with the stepping motor (116) and is used for increasing the torque of the feeding stepping motor (116), so that the internal particle material conveying disc (113) is driven to rotate at a fixed angle, and the particle materials in the particle material conveying disc (113) can quantitatively and continuously fall into the feeding pipe (117); the granular material falls into the small silo (217) through the feeding pipe (117) again by means of gravity.
3. A melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials according to claim 2, wherein the filamentary material feeding unit (12) comprises a filament spool (120), a filament (121), a filament spool holder (122) and a filament spool shaft (123), the filament (121) being wound on the filament spool (120), the filament spool (120) being mounted on the filament spool shaft (123) and being held by the filament spool holder (122).
4. The melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the particulate material extrusion unit (21) comprises an extrusion stepper motor (210), an extrusion reducer (211), a reducer holder (212), a driving gear (213), a driven gear (214), a hollow feed screw (215), a screw holder (216), a small silo (217), an extrusion barrel (218), and a barrel holder (219);
a cavity for the wire (121) to pass through is arranged in the hollow feeding screw rod (215), and a screw rod fixing piece (216) is arranged at the periphery of the hollow feeding screw rod (215); the extrusion discharging barrel (218) is connected with the small storage bin (217) through shaft holes in an interference fit mode to achieve communication; the extrusion barrel (218) is fixed through a barrel fixing piece (219), and the hollow feeding screw rod (215) extends into the bottom of the extrusion barrel (218); the extrusion speed reducer (211) is installed on a speed reducer fixing frame (212) through threaded connection, an input shaft of the extrusion speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of the extrusion stepping motor (210), and a driving gear (213) is installed on the output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer (211) and is meshed with a driven gear (214); the hollow feeding screw (215) and the driven gear (214) are matched through a shaft hole to obtain rotary power, so that the granular materials falling to the top of the extrusion cylinder (218) through the small storage bin (217) can be transmitted to the heating temperature control unit (23) to be heated and melted, and the heated and melted metal-polymer composite materials are extruded through the detachable nozzle (24).
5. The melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composites according to claim 4, wherein the filamentary material extrusion unit (22) comprises a first spindle (220), a mini clutch (221), a worm connecting shaft (222), a worm (223), a worm wheel (224), an extrusion deep groove ball bearing (225), a turbine shaft (226), a feed pinion shaft (227), a spring (228) and a pinion shaft slider (229);
the first connecting shaft (220) is arranged on an output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer (211), meanwhile, the first connecting shaft (220) is connected with the worm connecting shaft (222) through a small clutch (221), and the worm (223) is arranged on the worm connecting shaft (222) and meshed with the worm wheel (224); the turbine (224) is arranged on a turbine shaft (226), and the turbine shaft (226) is connected with the part connecting plate (260) through an extrusion deep groove ball bearing (225); the wire (121) passes through the space between the turbine (224) and the pinion and extends into the hollow feeding screw rod (215); the pinion shaft (227) is mounted on a pinion shaft slider (229), one end of a spring (228) is fixed to the part attaching plate (260), and the other end of the spring tightens the pinion shaft (227) by the action of the spring force, and the pinion shaft (227) is used for assisting the turbine (224) to clamp the wire (121).
6. A melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials according to claim 5, wherein the heating temperature control unit (23) comprises a heating aluminum block (230), a thermistor (231) and a high power heating rod (232), the high power heating rod (232) is used for heating the heating aluminum block (230), and the thermistor (231) is used for monitoring the temperature of the extrusion nozzle part.
7. The melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials according to claim 6, wherein the detachable nozzle (24) comprises a left nozzle part (240), a right nozzle part (241), a nozzle clamping ring (242) and a set screw (243), the left nozzle part (240) and the right nozzle part (241) are made of tungsten carbide, the left nozzle part (240) and the right nozzle part (241) are connected together through threads of the nozzle clamping ring (242), and are locked through the set screw (243), and the set screw (243) is used for ensuring that the nozzle clamping ring (242) and the left and right nozzle parts do not slide circumferentially.
8. A melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials according to claim 7, wherein the cooling and control unit (25) comprises a control board (250), a control board bracket (251) and a cooling fan (252), the control board bracket (251) and the cooling fan (252) are directly connected to the part connecting plate (260) through bolts, the cooling fan (252), the feeding stepping motor (116), the extrusion stepping motor (210), the thermistor (231) and the high-power heating rod (232) are all connected with the control board (250) through wires, and the control board (250) is fixed on the control board bracket (251).
CN202210638360.9A 2022-06-07 2022-06-07 Melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite material Active CN115056477B (en)

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