CN115054618A - 裂殖壶藻油脂提取物在促进毛发生长或防治脱发中的应用 - Google Patents
裂殖壶藻油脂提取物在促进毛发生长或防治脱发中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及油脂提取物应用领域,具体涉及一种裂殖壶藻油脂提取物在促进毛发生长或防治脱发中的应用。本发明提供的裂殖壶藻油脂提取物在促进毛发生长或防治脱发中的应用,裂殖壶藻油脂提取物可以通过提高细胞迁移诱导蛋白、双调蛋白、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2表达,抑制细胞维甲酸结合蛋白2表达来促进真皮乳头细胞增殖从而促进毛发生长,同时可以通过促进真皮乳头细胞中的血红素加氧酶1、醛脱氢酶3家族成员A1、铁蛋白轻链、铁蛋白重链1、NAD(P)H醌脱氢酶1表达,减少氧化应激引起的损伤,提高真皮乳头细胞的抗氧化能力从而防治脱发,有望成为绿色安全、副作用小、生效快的促进毛发生长或防治脱发的新途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油脂提取物应用领域,具体涉及一种裂殖壶藻油脂提取物在促进毛发生长或防治脱发中的应用。
背景技术
随着社会经济水平的不断提高,脱发已成为困扰无数人的难题。尽管脱发不是一种严重的疾病,但它会造成巨大的外观落差,使患者产生巨大的心理压力,严重时会影响人的日常生活。
目前,被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)认证的治疗脱发的药物仅有两款,分别为米诺地尔和非那雄胺。其中,米诺地尔,是一种钾离子通道开放剂,能直接松弛血管平滑肌,有强大的小动脉扩张作用,使外周阻力下降,血压下降,起初作为一种降血压药,后来被用于治疗脱发。米诺地尔治疗脱发的机制尚未明确,目前的研究认为米诺地尔可以直接刺激毛囊上皮细胞增殖和分化;促进血管形成,增加局部血流量;开放钾离子通道;使毛囊由休止期向生长期转化。但是,米诺地尔存在一系列副作用,如可能会导致皮肤过敏、皮炎、脱发加剧或者脱毛症等问题。至于非那雄胺,其起初被用来治疗前列腺增生,但因为它是睾酮代谢成为二氢睾酮过程中的细胞内酶-II型5a-还原酶的特异性抑制剂,能非常有效地减少血液和前列腺内的二氢睾丸酮,所以也被用来治疗雄性激素脱发,但是它仅适用于男性,并且有可能会导致过敏、男性性欲下降、睾丸疼痛等副作用。
真皮乳头细胞(dermal papilla cells,DPC)在毛囊形态发生和出生后毛发生长周期中起着至关重要的作用。DPC通过充当多功能干细胞、营养物质、过量细胞因子和生长因子的储库来调节毛囊的发育和生长。毛囊经历周期性生长,包括生长期、退化期和休止期。在退行期,卵泡底部的上皮细胞发生凋亡,但DPC保持完整并向上迁移,直到静止在毛囊隆起的干细胞旁。在生长期开始时,DPC激活次级毛胚中的干细胞,导致毛囊新的向下生长。因此,探索有效的化学物质或天然提取物来修复和促进DPC的生长,对促进毛发生长及治疗脱发具有重要意义。
发明内容
因此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的治疗脱发药物副作用明显的缺陷,从而提供一种裂殖壶藻油脂提取物在促进毛发生长或防治脱发中的应用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种裂殖壶藻油脂提取物在促进毛发生长或防治脱发中的应用。
可选的,所述裂殖壶藻油脂提取物的活性成分为裂殖壶藻中的脂肪酸。
可选的,所述脂肪酸包括肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸及二十二碳六烯酸中的至少一种。
可选的,所述脂肪酸包括:
肉豆蔻酸2.79±0.30%、棕榈酸46.39±2.58%、硬脂酸1.36±0.20%、二十碳五烯酸6.34±1.79%、二十二碳五烯酸5.01±0.37%及二十二碳六烯酸28.49±2.60%。
可选的,所述裂殖壶藻油脂提取物的有效浓度为0-100μg﹒mL-1。
可选的,所述有效浓度是指裂殖壶藻油脂提取物用二甲基亚砜:无水乙醇混合液(1:1,V/V)稀释的浓度。
可选的,所述裂殖壶藻油脂提取物由干燥裂殖壶藻藻粉经索氏提取法获得。
可选的,所述裂殖壶藻油脂提取物按如下步骤制备得到:
称取冷冻干燥的菌粉500mg,包裹于用萃取溶剂预抽提过的定性滤纸中,加萃取溶剂于70℃继续萃取96小时,再将萃取溶剂挥发干即得。
可选的,所述萃取溶剂为氯仿:甲醇混合液(1:2,V/V)。
本发明技术方案,具有如下优点:
1.本发明提供的裂殖壶藻油脂提取物在促进毛发生长或防治脱发中的应用,裂殖壶藻油脂提取物可以通过提高细胞迁移诱导蛋白(KIAA1199)、双调蛋白(AREG)、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2(PTGS2)表达,抑制细胞维甲酸结合蛋白2(CRABP2)表达来促进真皮乳头细胞增殖从而促进毛发生长,同时可以通过促进真皮乳头细胞中的血红素加氧酶1(HMOX1)、醛脱氢酶3家族成员A1(ALDH3A1)、铁蛋白轻链(FTL)、铁蛋白重链1(FTH1)、NAD(P)H醌脱氢酶1(NQO1)表达,使真皮乳头细胞减少氧化应激引起的损伤,提高真皮乳头细胞的抗氧化能力从而防治脱发,同时,裂殖壶藻油脂提取物作为一种天然提取物,其主要成分均是人体所需要的脂肪酸,具有绿色安全、副作用小的特征,因此,其有望成为一种绿色安全、副作用小、生效快的促进毛发生长或防治脱发的新途径。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明试验例1中裂殖壶藻油脂提取物的成分组成示意图;
图2-4分别是本发明试验例2中步骤S1的DPC与裂殖壶藻油脂提取物共培养12、24、36小时后的增殖效果图;
图5-6分别是本发明试验例2中步骤S2中转录组分析增殖相关基因的转录水平差异图及RT-PCR验证结果图;
图7是本发明试验例3中DPC在不同浓度裂殖壶藻油脂提取物共培养下的增殖率结果图;
图8-10分别是本发明试验例4中步骤S1中DPC与裂殖壶藻油脂提取物共培养12、24、36小时后进行氧化胁迫后细胞存活率变化结果图;
图11为本发明试验例4中步骤S2中氧化胁迫后DPC的DCFH-DA探针荧光图像。
图12为本发明试验例4中步骤S2中氧化胁迫后DPC的相对荧光强度的汇总图。
图13-14分别是本发明试验例4中步骤S3中转录组分析抗氧化相关基因的转录水平差异图及RT-PCR验证结果图。
具体实施方式
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本发明,并不局限于所述最佳实施方式,不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制,任何人在本发明的启示下或是将本发明与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本发明相同或相近似的产品,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。
实施例1
本实施例涉及一种裂殖壶藻油脂提取物,具体采用索氏提取法提取,称取冷冻干燥的菌粉500mg,包裹于用氯仿:甲醇混合液(1:2,V/V)预抽提过的定性滤纸中,再至于索式套管中,加萃取溶剂(氯仿:甲醇混合液(1:2,V/V))于70℃继续萃取96小时。用旋转蒸发仪将萃取溶剂挥发干,即可得到油脂提取物。
裂殖壶藻油脂提取物易被氧化,需要避光且低温保存。可用二甲基亚砜:无水乙醇混合液(1:1,V/V)稀释至适宜浓度保存及使用。
试验例1
本试验例对实施例1得到的裂殖壶藻油脂提取物进行成分分析。具体:
使用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析法检查SEL的成分。首先,将100mg SEL放入带盖的干净玻璃试管中,然后将2mL 4%(V/V)甲醇硫酸和100μL壬二酸二氯甲烷溶液(500μg﹒mL-1)添加到试管中进行酯交换反应。将试管旋转20秒以均匀混合,然后将其放置在已预热至65℃的水浴中培养1小时。酯交换反应完成后,取下试管并冷却至室温。向试管中添加1mL去离子水和1mL正己烷,并旋转和混合试管。静置30分钟后,将上层有机相吸入新的清洁玻璃试管中,并重复萃取3次。将上层有机液体收集在玻璃试管中,并用氮气彻底吹干液体中的有机溶剂。最后,添加500μL二氯甲烷溶液以溶解脂肪酸甲酯,并用二氯甲烷将该溶液稀释20倍并放入色谱瓶中。使用安捷伦色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)进行分析,参数设置为HP-5ms,柱头压1.2psi,分流比10:1,进样量1μL,起始温度60℃,25℃/min升温至180℃,GC-MS传输线温度25℃,质谱检测器全扫描模式。裂殖壶藻油脂提取物的成分组成如图1所示。
根据图1,裂殖壶藻油脂提取物的主要脂肪酸成分包括肉豆蔻酸2.79%、棕榈酸46.39%、硬脂酸1.36%、二十碳五烯酸6.34%、二十二碳五烯酸5.01%及二十二碳六烯酸28.49%。
经多次重复检验,在误差范围内,裂殖壶藻油脂提取物的主要脂肪酸成分包括肉豆蔻酸2.79±0.30%、棕榈酸46.39±2.58%、硬脂酸1.36±0.20%、二十碳五烯酸6.34±1.79%、二十二碳五烯酸5.01±0.37%及二十二碳六烯酸28.49±2.60%。
试验例2
本试验例研究裂殖壶藻油脂提取物对毛发生长的作用,以实施例1提供的裂殖壶藻油脂提取物为原料。
S1、裂殖壶藻油脂提取物对真皮乳头细胞增殖的影响
真皮乳头细胞(dermal papilla cells,DPC)在毛囊形态发生和出生后毛发生长周期中起着至关重要的作用。DPC通过充当多功能干细胞、营养物质、过量细胞因子和生长因子的储库来调节毛囊的发育和生长。毛囊经历周期性生长,包括生长期、退化期和休止期。在退行期,卵泡底部的上皮细胞发生凋亡,但DPC保持完整并向上迁移,直到静止在毛囊隆起的干细胞旁。在生长期开始时,DPC激活次级毛胚中的干细胞,导致毛囊新的向下生长。因此,DPC可作为体外毛发生长模型,探索有效的化学物质或天然提取物来修复和促进DPC的生长,对促进毛发生长及治疗脱发具有重要意义。
真皮乳头细胞(DPC)购自Meisen CTCC(中国浙江)。将DPC置于37℃、5%CO2的湿化空气中,在添加10%胎牛血清(FBS)的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基(DMEM)中培养。使用CCK-8(HY-K0301,MCE,中国)测定法检测SEL对DPC细胞活力的影响:
将DPC(3×103个细胞/孔)接种在96孔板中,培养24h后,排空旧培养基,并使用100μL D-PBS清洗每个孔两次。用不同浓度的SEL(100、50、25、12.5、0μg﹒mL-1)处理DPC,并分别培养12、24、36h。此外,将含有2μL载体溶液(D/E溶液)的100μL DMEM组设为阴性对照组,将含有米诺地尔(12.5μg﹒mL-1)的100μL DMEM组设为阳性对照组。培养后,排空旧培养基,并使用100μL D-PBS洗涤每个孔两次。向每个孔中添加100μL DMEM和10μLCCK-8,并在37℃,5%CO2的加湿培养箱中培养1小时。最后,在450nm处测量吸光度。每个样本重复3次实验,其中,不同浓度SEL由二甲基亚砜:无水乙醇混合液(1:1,V/V)稀释得到。
细胞活力计算如下:细胞活力(%)=[A2-A0]/[A1-A0]×100%。
其中,A2:实验孔的吸光度(包括细胞、培养基、CCK-8溶液和药物溶液);A1:对照孔的吸光度(包括细胞、培养基和CCK-8溶液,不包括药物);A0:空白孔吸光度(包括培养基和CCK-8溶液,不包括细胞和药物)。
测定结果如图2-4所示,DPC暴露于SEL(12.5、25、50和100μg﹒mL-1)12、24和36h的细胞增殖情况分别如图2、图3、图4所示。米诺地尔(Minoxidil)用作阳性对照。使用溶剂(solvent)(0.2%二甲基亚砜/乙醇(1:1))作为阴性对照。数据表示为平均值±标准误差(SEM)(n=3)。与对照组相比,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001。
根据图2,培养12h后,SEL对DPC增殖的影响呈浓度依赖性,但尚无显著促增长作用。然而,图3显示培养24h后,与对照组相比,添加了SEL的组(12.5、25μg﹒mL-1)的DPC增殖率为对照组的1.10~1.11倍。图4表明培养36h后,添加了SEL的组(12.5、25、50μg﹒mL-1)的增值率为对照组的1.09~1.13倍。总的来说,随着培养时间的增加,经SEL处理的DPC的生长逐渐增强。另外值得注意的是,培养36h后,用不同浓度(12.5、25、50和100μg﹒mL-1)的SEL处理的DPC的增殖率为米诺地尔组的1.13倍至1.22倍。这些结果表明,SEL能显著促进DPC的增殖,而且在促进DPC增殖方面比米诺地尔更有效。
S2、通过转录组测序,挖掘出与细胞增殖相关的基因,比较其转录水平差异并进行RT-PCR验证
将无处理和经50μg﹒mL-1实施例1得到的SEL处理的DPC送至北京百脉科生物科技有限公司进行转录组测序。表达差异倍数>2且p<0.05的基因被认为是差异表达基因(DEG)。
RT-PCR实验步骤为:使用TRIzol试剂(Solarbio,Cat#R1100)分离总RNA。使用PrimeScript合成cDNA带有gDNA擦除器的RT试剂盒(Takara,Cat#RR047A)。TB Green预混料Ex Taq II(Takara,Cat#RR820A)和ABI QuantStudio 6Flex(ABI,美国)用于定量RT-PCR。循环方案如下:1个循环95℃30秒,然后40个循环,95℃5秒,60℃30秒,最后在95℃下延长15秒,60℃1分钟,95℃15秒。引物序列见表1中。相对基因表达计算为:2^-△△Ct,其中ACTB被用作正常化的看家基因。
表1.增殖相关基因的引物序列
实验结果见图5-6。图5为RNA-seq中与增殖相关的基因转录表达水平差异的热图。正值为上调,负值为下调,颜色越深表示差异程度越大。C:对照组;CS:50μg mL-1SEL处理组;图6为RT-PCR验证增殖相关基因的转录表达水平。KIAA1199:细胞迁移诱导蛋白;AREG:双调蛋白;PTGS2:前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2;HMGA2:高迁移率组AT-Hook蛋白;CRABP2:细胞维甲酸结合蛋白2。数据表示为平均值±标准误差(SEM)(n=3)。与对照组相比,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001。
根据图5,差异表达热图显示在对照组vs裂殖壶藻油脂提取物处理组中毛发生长的正调节基因(KIAA1199、AREG、PTGS2、HMGA2)上调,而增殖的负调节基因(CRABP2)下调。细胞迁移诱导透明质酸酶1(KIAA1199)在各种肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移中起着至关重要的作用。许多研究表明,Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号的激活在毛囊再生中起着核心作用。在头发周期中,毛囊的休止期到生长期的转变是由Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号和BMP途径之间的平衡相互作用驱动的。在毛囊突起和次级毛胚中,表皮干细胞和黑素细胞干细胞相互作用,共同经历激活和分化,通过激活Wnt信号来再生头发。值得注意的是,KIAA1199可以增强Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路。研究表明,KIAA1199作为癌基因发挥作用,通过增强Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)介导的胃癌(GC)细胞上皮-间充质转化(EMT)进展促进迁移和侵袭。研究还发现,抑制KIAA1199可以减弱Wnt信号,并减少结肠癌细胞的增殖。与对照组相比,SEL使DPC中KIAA1199的表达增加了90.46%,表明SEL可能通过KIAA1199激活Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路,可以促进毛发生长。先前有研究指出,双调蛋白(AREG)通过PI3K和MAPK途径增强增殖和毛发诱导能力,从而促进皮肤衍生前体(SKPs)的干性。PTGS2激活产生前列腺素E2(PGE2),发现PGE2和PGF2α及其类似物(viprostol、latanoprost、异丙基unoproston、bimatoprost)对头发生长有刺激作用。维生素A的活性形式是维甲酸(RA)。维甲酸引起的脱发导致休止期毛囊停止,并在休止期毛囊中出现锚固缺陷。RA诱导的脱发也通过诱导TGFB2和触发卡他原来减少培养的人类毛囊中的生长。细胞维甲酸结合蛋白2(CRABP2)几乎仅定位于难治性休止期毛囊,并在整个细胞中运输RA。在本研究中,SEL降低了CRABP2的表达。图6RT-PCR结果显示,SEL能使DPC中的增殖正调节基因(KIAA1199、AREG、PTGS2)表达分别为对照组的1.90、1.40、1.14倍,而负调节基因CRABP2表达量仅为对照组的80.70%。这些基结果表明,SEL能显著提高真皮乳头细胞中与增殖相关的基因转录表达,进而促进真皮乳头细胞的增殖,有望成为一种绿色安全、副作用小、生效快的促进生发组合物。
试验例3
本试验例探究裂殖壶藻油脂提取物促进毛发生长的有效浓度,以实施例1提供的裂殖壶藻油脂提取物为原料。
真皮乳头细胞(DPC)购自Meisen CTCC(中国浙江)。将DPC置于37℃、5%CO2的湿化空气中,在添加10%胎牛血清(FBS)的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基(DMEM)中培养。使用CCK-8(HY-K0301,MCE,中国)测定法检测SEL对DPC细胞活力的影响:
将DPC(3×103个细胞/孔)接种在96孔板中,培养24h后,排空旧培养基,并使用100μL D-PBS清洗每个孔两次。用不同浓度的SEL(100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125、1.56、0μg﹒mL-1)处理DPC,并培养24h。此外,将含有2μL载体溶液(D/E溶液)的100μL DMEM组设为阴性对照组,将含有米诺地尔(12.5μg﹒mL-1)的100μL DMEM组设为阳性对照组。培养后,排空旧培养基,并使用100μL D-PBS洗涤每个孔两次。向每个孔中添加100μLDMEM和10μL CCK-8,并在37℃,5%CO2的加湿培养箱中培养1小时。最后,在450nm处测量吸光度。每个样本重复3次实验,其中,不同浓度SEL由二甲基亚砜:无水乙醇混合液(1:1,V/V)稀释得到。
细胞活力计算如下:细胞活力(%)=[A2-A0]/[A1-A0]×100%。
其中,A2:实验孔的吸光度(包括细胞、培养基、CCK-8溶液和药物溶液);A1:对照孔的吸光度(包括细胞、培养基和CCK-8溶液,不包括药物);A0:空白孔吸光度(包括培养基和CCK-8溶液,不包括细胞和药物)。
测定结果如图7所示。12.5μg﹒mL-1米诺地尔(Minoxidil)用作阳性对照。使用溶剂(solvent)(0.2%二甲基亚砜/乙醇(1:1))作为阴性对照。数据表示为平均值±标准误差(SEM)(n=3)。与对照组相比,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001。
根据图7,可以看出培养24h后,SEL(1.56-100μg﹒mL-1)能显著影响DPC的增殖率,增殖率为对照组的100.28%-120.42%,其中增殖效果最显著的为25μg﹒mL-1SEL,增殖率比对照组提高20.42%,比米诺地尔组提高20.57%。溶剂组的增值率与对照组无显著差异(p>0.05),说明溶剂对DPC增殖无影响。100μg﹒mL-1SEL的增殖率比对照组提高了0.28%,但无显著差异(p>0.05),而1.56μg﹒mL-1SEL的增值率比对照组提高了12.31%(p<0.001),所以认为SEL的有效浓度为0-100μg﹒mL-1。
试验例4
本试验例研究裂殖壶藻油脂提取物对防治脱发的作用,以实施例1提供的裂殖壶藻油脂提取物为原料。
氧化应激(Oxidative Stress,OS)是指体内氧化与抗氧化作用失衡的一种状态。氧化应激是由自由基在体内产生的一种负面作用,并被认为是导致衰老和疾病的一个重要因素,也被认为是导致脱发的一个重要因素。因此,减少氧化应激对毛囊的损伤是治疗脱发的一种新方向。本试验例研究裂殖壶藻油脂提取物对真皮乳头细胞抗氧化能力的影响,以探讨它在防治脱发方面的作用。
S1、裂殖壶藻油脂提取物对氧化胁迫下真皮乳头细胞的存活率的影响
使用CCK-8测定法检查SEL对DPC抗氧化能力的影响:药物处理后,丢弃旧培养基,用PBS洗涤每个孔两次,然后向每个孔中添加100μl含有100μMH2O2的DMEM,并培养1.5h。1.5h后,弃掉旧培养基,用D-PBS洗涤每个孔两次,然后向每个孔中添加100μl DMEM和10μl CCK-8,在37℃,5%CO2的加湿培养箱中培养1小时。最后,在450nm处测量吸光度。通过比较氧化胁迫前后用相同药物处理的DPC的细胞活力来表达抗氧化能力。每个样本重复实验三次,其中,不同浓度SEL由二甲基亚砜:无水乙醇混合液(1:1,V/V)稀释得到。
细胞活力计算如下:细胞活力(%)=[A2'-A0']/[A2-A0]×100%。
A2:氧化胁迫前实验孔的吸光度(包括细胞、培养基、CCK-8溶液和药物溶液);A0:氧化胁迫前空白孔吸光度(包括培养基和CCK-8溶液,不包括细胞和药物);A2’:氧化胁迫后的A2;A0’:氧化胁迫后的A0。
图8、图9、图10分别为DPC与SEL共培养12、24、36h后暴露于H2O2(100μM)1.5h的存活率。数据表示为平均值±标准误差(SEM)(n=3)。与对照组相比,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001。
根据图8-10,在培养12至36小时后,100μM H2O2导致DPC的存活率仅为7.39%至15.06%。在12h时,SEL(25μg﹒mL-1)的DPC的存活率为对照组的1.31倍(图8),而对照组和米诺地尔处理的样品之间没有显著差异。在36h时,SEL(100μg﹒mL-1)可以显著提高DPC的抗氧化能力,细胞存活率达到25.35%,分别为对照组和米诺地尔治疗组的2.45倍和2.11倍(图10)。
S2、裂殖壶藻油脂提取物对真皮乳头细胞中H2O2引起的活性氧(ROS)水平的影响
活性氧或自由基是高活性分子,可直接损害细胞结构膜、脂质、蛋白质和DNA。过量的活性氧或自由基可能导致毛囊老化和头发发育障碍,包括变灰和脱发。本试验例通过使用活性氧荧光探针2’,7’-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)检测DPC中的活性氧水平。
在存在活性氧的情况下,2’,7’-二氯二氢荧光素(DCFH)被氧化形成荧光物质2’,7’-二氯荧光素(DCF),绿色荧光的强度与细胞中活性氧物种的水平成正比。
在药物治疗和氧化应激后,将100μL含有5μM DCFH-DA的D-PBS添加到每个孔中,并在37℃的黑暗中培养30分钟。30分钟后,倒出旧的D-PBS,并用新鲜的D-PBS清洗孔两次,以去除残留的探针。然后在倒置荧光显微镜下对细胞进行拍照,其中,不同浓度SEL由二甲基亚砜:无水乙醇混合液(1:1,V/V)稀释得到,试验结果如图11-12所示。
图11为氧化胁迫后DPC的DCFH-DA探针荧光图像。图12为氧化胁迫后DPC的相对荧光强度的汇总图。对照组(control),无处理;损伤组(damage),用100μM H2O2处理;米诺地尔(Minoxidil),用12.5μg﹒mL-1Minoxidil+100μMH2O2处理;裂殖壶藻油脂提取物组(SEL),用100μg﹒mL-1SEL+100μM H2O2处理。数据表示为平均值±标准误差(SEM)(n=3)。与对照组相比,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001。
在存在活性氧的情况下,2’,7’-二氯二氢荧光素(DCFH)被氧化形成荧光物质2’,7’-二氯荧光素(DCF),绿色荧光的强度与细胞中活性氧物种的水平成正比。根据图11,在倒置荧光显微镜下可观察到损伤组的绿色荧光最为明显,其次到米诺地尔组,而裂殖壶藻油脂提取物组和对照组无明显绿色荧光,说明裂殖壶藻油脂提取物能显著降低DPC中的活性氧水平,而且作用优于米诺地尔。根据图12,氧化应激处理后,损伤组的荧光强度是对照组的1.98倍,表明H2O2增加了DPC中活性氧的水平。值得注意的是,米诺地尔组(Minoxidil)和SEL组的荧光强度仅为损伤组的60.51%和53.51%。此外,与Minoxidil组相比,SEL组的荧光强度降低了11.57%,表明SEL具有更强的消除ROS的能力。综上所述,结果表明,与Minoxidil相比,SEL具有显著的优势,它可以显著降低氧化应激引起的活性氧水平,并改善DPC的生长,抵抗氧化损伤。
S3、通过转录组测序,挖掘出与细胞抗氧化相关的基因,比较其转录水平差异并进行RT-PCR验证。
将H202处理和经50μg﹒mL-1实施例1得到的SEL+H202处理的DPC送至北京百脉科生物科技有限公司进行转录组测序。表达差异倍数>2且p<0.05的基因被认为是差异表达基因(DEG)。RT-PCR实验步骤为使用TRIzol试剂(Solarbio,Cat#R1100)分离总RNA。使用PrimeScript合成cDNA带有gDNA擦除器的RT试剂盒(Takara,Cat#RR047A)。TB Green预混料Ex Taq II(Takara,Cat#RR820A)和ABI QuantStudio 6Flex(ABI,美国)用于定量RT-PCR。循环方案如下:1个循环95℃30秒,然后40个循环,95℃5秒,60℃30秒,最后在95℃下延长15秒,60℃1分钟,95℃15秒。引物序列见表2中。相对基因表达计算为2^-△△Ct,其中ACTB被用作正常化的看家基因。
表2.抗氧化相关基因的引物序列
实验结果如图13-14所示。图13为RNA-seq中与抗氧化相关的基因转录表达水平差异的热图。正值为上调,负值为下调,颜色越深,差异程度越大。CH:100μM H2O2处理的细胞;CHS:用50μg﹒mL-1SEL处理36h后再用100μM H2O2处理的细胞;图14为RT-PCR验证抗氧化相关基因的转录表达水平。HMOX1:血红素加氧酶1;ALDH3A1:醛脱氢酶3家族成员A1;FTL:铁蛋白轻链;FTH1:铁蛋白重链1;NQO1,NAD(P)H醌脱氢酶1。数据表示为平均值±标准误差(SEM)(n=3)。与对照组相比,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001。
根据图13-14,差异表达基因热图和RT-PCR结果均显示在SEL能使DPC中与抗氧化相关的基因(HMOX1,ALDH3A1,FTL,FTH1,NQO1)显著上调。当暴露于活性氧时,一些血蛋白可以释放其人工血红素基团。它们作为促氧化剂催化剂,进一步促进活性氧的产生。当暴露于游离血红素和促炎细胞因子TNF时,多种细胞类型通过依赖于ROS产生的机制经历程序性细胞死亡。血红素加氧酶1(由HMOX1基因编码)是进化上保守的酶,可将血红素,即铁(Fe)原卟啉(IX)分解为等摩尔量的不稳定铁、一氧化碳(CO)和胆绿素。这种细胞保护作用的机制依赖于HMOX1分解游离血红素的能力,并防止其使细胞敏化以进行程序性细胞死亡。醛脱氢酶3家族成员A1(ALDH3A1)能够氧化脂质过氧化副产物产生的有毒醛,因此具有很强的细胞保护特性。螯合过渡金属的蛋白质是间接作用的抗氧化剂,因为它们通过Fenton化学抑制H2O2中HO-的形成,例如铁蛋白(包含铁蛋白轻链(FTL)和铁蛋白重链1(FTH1))。NADPH醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)是一种II期酶,其在细胞中的活性是催化醌化合物的双电子还原,从而防止活性氧的产生,从而保护细胞免受氧化损伤。研究表明,与野生型小鼠相比,缺乏NQO1和NQO2基因的小鼠更容易发生肺损伤。研究还表明,NQO1蛋白对氧化应激诱导的神经细胞死亡具有保护作用。NQO1对超氧物的直接清除也可以防止氧化应激,特别是在细胞SOD水平较低的情况下。RT-PCR结果显示,SEL能使DPC中的抗氧化基因(HMOX1,ALDH3A1,FTL,FTH1,NQO1)表达分别为对照组的2.49、2.40、2.34、1.88、1.58倍(图14)。这些结果说明,SEL能提高DPC的抗氧化能力,减少毛囊遭受氧化应激损伤,有望成为一种绿色安全、副作用小、生效快的防治脱发组合物。
综上所述,本发明中的裂殖壶藻油脂提取物可以通过提高细胞迁移诱导蛋白(KIAA1199)、双调蛋白(AREG)、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2(PTGS2)表达,抑制细胞维甲酸结合蛋白2(CRABP2)表达来促进真皮乳头细胞增殖从而促进毛发生长,同时可以通过促进真皮乳头细胞中的血红素加氧酶1(HMOX1)、醛脱氢酶3家族成员A1(ALDH3A1)、铁蛋白轻链(FTL)、铁蛋白重链1(FTH1)、NAD(P)H醌脱氢酶1(NQO1)表达,使真皮乳头细胞减少氧化应激引起的损伤,提高真皮乳头细胞的抗氧化能力从而防治脱发,有望成为一种绿色安全、副作用小、生效快的促进毛发生长或防治脱发的新途径。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (8)
1.一种裂殖壶藻油脂提取物在促进毛发生长或防治脱发中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述裂殖壶藻油脂提取物的活性成分为裂殖壶藻中的脂肪酸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脂肪酸包括肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸及二十二碳六烯酸中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脂肪酸包括:肉豆蔻酸2.79±0.30%、棕榈酸46.39±2.58%、硬脂酸1.36±0.20%、二十碳五烯酸6.34±1.79%、二十二碳五烯酸5.01±0.37%及二十二碳六烯酸28.49±2.60%。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述裂殖壶藻油脂提取物的有效浓度为0-100μg﹒mL-1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述裂殖壶藻油脂提取物由干燥裂殖壶藻藻粉经索氏提取法获得。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述裂殖壶藻油脂提取物按如下步骤制备得到:
称取冷冻干燥的菌粉500mg,包裹于用萃取溶剂预抽提过的定性滤纸中,加萃取溶剂于70℃继续萃取96小时,再将萃取溶剂挥发干即得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述萃取溶剂为氯仿:甲醇混合液(1:2,V/V)。
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