CN115051758B - Reliable data transmission method for underwater wireless optical sensor network - Google Patents
Reliable data transmission method for underwater wireless optical sensor network Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115051758B CN115051758B CN202210639055.1A CN202210639055A CN115051758B CN 115051758 B CN115051758 B CN 115051758B CN 202210639055 A CN202210639055 A CN 202210639055A CN 115051758 B CN115051758 B CN 115051758B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- node
- sensor
- sensor node
- nodes
- data transmission
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 241000854291 Dianthus carthusianorum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/46—Cluster building
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
- H04W40/32—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for defining a routing cluster membership
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater wireless optical sensor networks, and provides a reliable data transmission method of an underwater wireless optical sensor network. The method ensures reliable data transmission from the sensor node to the cluster head node in the dynamic underwater environment by determining the direction of the directional light emitters of the sensor node and selecting the least number of sensor nodes as the cluster head node. The method comprises the steps of providing a link reliability model based on light sector coverage and sensor node movement, and determining the direction of a directional light emitter of a sensor node by adopting a greedy method so as to enable the directional light emitter to have the maximum link reliability; providing a cluster head node selection method to ensure the success rate of data transmission from the sensor node to the cluster head node; a directed light emitter redirection method is presented to reduce the number of hops to cluster head nodes, thereby reducing the number of cluster head nodes. The invention can solve the problem of unreliable data transmission caused by unpredictable node mobility and provides a reliable data transmission method for the network application of the underwater wireless optical sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater wireless optical sensor networks, in particular to a reliable data transmission method of an underwater wireless optical sensor network.
Background
The underwater wireless optical sensor network realizes high-speed and low-time-delay underwater communication by means of an underwater wireless optical communication technology, and is generally composed of a plurality of clusters, wherein each cluster is composed of a plurality of sensor nodes and at least one cluster head node; the sensor nodes collect information from the environment and forward the information to the cluster head nodes; the cluster head node aggregates the data from the sensor nodes and forwards the data to the water surface sink node through the relay node. The data transmission of the undersea wireless optical sensor network presents serious reliability problems due to the limitations of the undersea wireless optical communications (i.e., directionality, line-of-sight communications, and short-range transmissions) caused by the inherent characteristics of the optical signals in the undersea propagation, as well as unpredictable node mobility and environmental disturbances caused by water currents and waves.
In order to realize reliable underwater wireless optical communication, the prior proposal ensures that the point-to-point wireless optical communication is more reliable to the change of environmental interference through the technical methods of precoding and equalization matrix (CN 111682899A), signal receiving detection (CN 105826157A), data preprocessing and denoising (CN 114337831A), transceiver positioning and alignment (CN 107872278A, CN 111147139A) and the like. However, the above-described solution still has drawbacks and challenges in achieving reliable data transmission of the underwater wireless light sensor network. On the one hand, link failure due to optical transceiver misalignment still occurs due to unpredictable node mobility and positioning errors caused by water currents and waves; on the other hand, the limited communication range (tens of meters) of the underwater wireless optical communication makes the underwater wireless optical sensor network a distributed system, and the nodes must transmit data in a multi-hop manner, so that the unreliability of data transmission is further increased.
Thus, there is an urgent need for a reliable data transmission method capable of facing an underwater wireless optical sensor network, which is capable of providing a reliable directional optical link in a dynamic underwater environment to solve the problems of unpredictable node mobility and unreliable data transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a reliable data transmission method of an underwater wireless optical sensor network, and a reliable link is established with a neighbor node by optimizing the direction of a directional light emitter of a sensor node; at the same time, the least number of sensors are selected as the cluster head nodes, and the success rate of data transmission from each sensor node to the cluster head nodes is ensured to be larger than a set threshold value, so that reliable data transmission is realized in a dynamic environment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a reliable data transmission method for an underwater wireless optical sensor network.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a reliable data transmission method of an underwater wireless optical sensor network comprises the following steps:
s1. given set of sensor nodes s= { S 1 ,s 2 ,…,s n -giving the anchor position coordinates, the optical communication sector radius, the beam angle and the maximum range of movement radius of each sensor node;
s2, setting directional light emitter direction set of all sensor nodesThe initial value of (2) is m; wherein m is any particular value outside the range of 0-360; setting next-hop node set of all sensor nodesWherein (1)>Representing sensor nodes s i A set of next hop nodes whose initial value isSetting a link reliability set of all sensor nodes and the next hop node thereof +.>Wherein (1)>Representing sensor nodes s i A set of link reliability with each of its next hop nodes, whose initial value is +.>Setting cluster head node set S C Is->
S3, according to the anchor position coordinates and the maximum movement range radius of the sensor nodes, a sensor node communication model is established, and a neighbor node set of each sensor node is determined; the sensor nodes in the sensor node communication model adopt wireless optical communication, the communication model uses a directional light emitter to emit light signals, and uses an omnidirectional light receiver to receive the light signals in all directions so as to enhance connectivity. The communication coverage area of a sensor node is a sector of the area in which the sensor node can communicate with other sensor nodes located within the area. Communication sector radius of directional optical transmitter is R C The azimuth angle of the directional light emitter is alpha, and is the included angle between the angular bisector of the communication sector of the directional light emitter and the magnetic north of the earth. The central angle of the communication sector of the directional light emitter, namely the beam angle is 2 beta.
S4, establishing a link reliability model according to the anchor position coordinates of the sensor nodes, the radius of the maximum moving range, the beam angle, the directional light emitter direction set and neighbor node set information;
s5, determining the direction of each sensor node directional light emitter in the directional light emitter direction set A and the set of next-hop nodes of each sensor node in the next-hop node set E by using a sensor node directional light emitter direction determining method based on a link reliability model according to the highest link reliability;
s6, establishing a data transmission success rate model according to the anchoring position of the sensor node, the maximum moving range radius, the directional light emitter direction set, the neighbor node set, the next hop node set and the cluster head node set information;
s7, based on a data transmission success rate model, a directional light emitter redirection method and a cluster head node selection method are utilized to select the least number of sensor nodes as cluster head nodes, and the data transmission success rate from each sensor node to the cluster head nodes is ensured to be larger than a set threshold value.
S3, in the sensor node communication model, each sensor node S i Communication links can only be established with sensor nodes located within the communication range of the sensor node s i The optical communication sector in the random moving process in the circular area of the directional light emitter, which takes the anchoring position as the center and the radius of the maximum moving range as the radius, can cover the maximum area at all angles; at the same time, sensor node s i Not communicating with sensor nodes forming a loop within their communication range; in the neighbor node set, the neighbor node is the sensor node s i Other sensor nodes that can communicate; in particular to a special-shaped ceramic tile,
wherein d ij Is a sensor node s i And neighbor node s j The euclidean distance between them,is a sensor node s i R is the maximum movement range radius of (2) C Is a sensor node s i The optical communication sector radius of the directional optical transmitter;is a neighbor node s j To which it is directed in a multi-hop mannerA set of sensor nodes transmitting data;
is a neighbor node s j A set of sensor nodes to which data is transferred in a one-hop manner, denoted as
Wherein (ρ) j ,θ j ) Is a neighbor node s j Is provided with an anchor position coordinate of (c) in the plane of the anchor,is a neighbor node s j Position coordinates within its range of movement, +.>Is a neighbor node s with the center of a circle j Anchor position (ρ) j ,θ j ) And the radius is the maximum moving rangeIs round in area>Is a neighbor node s j In position->And the direction of the directional light emitter is +.>Sector communication area at the time; />Is the intersection region.
All sensors perform the monitoring task at the same depth H below sea level, all sensors are deployed to prevent flushing away by water currentsAnchors on the seabed are connected, the radius of the maximum movement range of the sensor node is determined according to a sensor node movement model, and the sensor node movement model influenced by water flow is as follows: random motion in a circle on a two-dimensional plane, radius of movement and offset angleRelatedly, offset angle->Determined by the water flow velocity, when the water flow velocity reaches the maximum value v max When the maximum movement radius is R M . R of sensor nodes deployed at different location points due to water flow velocity changes with location M The values may be different, setting the sensor to appear with the same probability at any position within the range of movement. Furthermore, in complex underwater environments, the directional light emitter direction of the sensor nodes may be constantly changing under the influence of water currents, thereby greatly reducing connectivity. Therefore, in order to reduce the influence of the movement of the sensor node on the link connectivity, the set azimuth direction of the sensor node can be always kept by setting the directional light emitter direction of the sensor node in the moving process.
The link reliability model of S4 is the sensor node S i Conditional probability of maintaining link connection in mobile range, link reliability and sensor node s i Is related to the anchor position coordinates of the directional light emitters, the direction of the directional light emitters and the moving range of the neighbor nodes; the conditional probability of a link connection is expressed as the ratio of the areas of the two regions, the molecule being the sensor node s i The area of an intersection area between the coverage area of the optical communication sector of the directional optical transmitter at each position in the moving range and the moving range of the neighbor node, and the denominator is the moving range of the neighbor node; specifically, when the sensor node s i Is located at the anchor position coordinates (ρ i ,θ i ) And the direction of the directional light emitter isWhen it is, it is->Connection probability of->Is that
Wherein,is a sensor node s i In the anchoring position (ρ) i ,θ i ) And the direction of the directional light emitter is +.>A communication sector at the time; />For an intersection region, (r, σ) is the coordinates of a certain position in the intersection region;
at the same time, sensor node s i When the directional light emitter of (a) covers a plurality of neighbor nodes, the sensor node s i Probability of connection with its neighbor nodeIs that
The position of the sensor node is dynamically changed under the influence of water flow, and the sensor node randomly swings in the moving range. Therefore, the connection probability of a fixed location cannot represent the reliability of the link. Setting the azimuth direction set by the directional light emitter of the sensor node, wherein the link reliability is the expected value of the connection probability of each position in the moving range of the sensor node; specifically, when the sensor node s i Is directed to light emissionThe direction of the ejector isSensor node s i And neighbor node->Link reliability between (1)>Calculated by:
wherein,is a sensor node s i Position coordinates within its range of movement;
when the sensor node s i Is directed by the directional light emitterSensor node s i Link reliability between all its neighboring nodes +.>Calculated by:
the method for determining the direction of the directional light emitter of the sensor node in the S5 adopts a greedy method to select the sensor node with the maximum link reliability, and comprises the following steps:
s5.1 to ensure the integrity of the sensor nodes in the sensor node set S, the node set S is set copy And copy the value of the sensor node set S to the node set S copy The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Setting anotherA sensor node set S' and set the initial value of the set asFor receiving a signal from a set of nodes S copy The sensor nodes meeting the requirements;
s5.2 when S copy When not empty, for S copy Each sensor node s of (a) i Computing its neighbor node set
S5.3 from S copy Is selected to have the greatest link reliability * I.e. Wherein->Since the link reliability of the sensor node in all directions can be determined by the equation +.>Calculation, equation->Is a continuous function, in the closed interval [0,2 pi ]]The maximum value can be calculated in, therefore, +.>Sensor node s calculated by link reliability model i The directional light emitter direction of maximum link reliability is expressed as:
s5.4 whenWhen the value is not 0, s is calculated * Next hop sensor node set +.>And updated into the next hop node set E, for +.>Each sensor node s of (a) # Calculation and sensor node s * Link reliability between->And is added to the sensor node s * Link reliability set of->Neutralizing and updating to a link reliability set Q; sensor node s in directional light emitter direction set A * Is determined as +.>Will s * From the set S copy Remove and remove s * Join to set S';
when (when)When 0, s is * From the set S copy Removing the components;
and S5.5, repeating the steps S5.2 to S5.4 to obtain a directional light emitter direction set A, a link reliability set Q and a next hop node set E.
The data transmission success rate model in S6 is the link reliability of each link in the path from the sensor node to the reachable cluster head node, and includes the following steps:
s6.1, according to the directional light emitter direction set A, the next hop node set E and the cluster head node set S C Structure of the structureEstablishing a path from each sensor node to its reachable cluster head node; slave sensor node s i The paths to a certain reachable cluster head node are represented as a set of sensor pathsSensor Path set->The success rate of data transmission is->The product of the link reliability of each sensor node and its next hop node is given by
S6.2, the success rate of data transmission from the sensor node to the plurality of paths of the reachable cluster head nodes is that at least one reachable cluster head node successfully receives data, and the sensor node S i The success rate of data transmission is as follows
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs a slave sensor node s i A set of links to cluster head nodes that it can reach.
The directional light emitter redirection method and the cluster head node selection method in the S7 comprise the following steps:
s7.1, setting a cluster head node set S according to a directional light emitter direction set A of all sensor nodes, a next hop node set E of all sensor nodes, a link reliability set Q of all sensor nodes and the next hop nodes obtained by a sensor node directional light emitter direction determining method C And will aggregate initial valuesIs set asEmptying node set S copy And copy the value of the sensor set S to set S copy ；
S7.2, traversing the directional light emitter direction set A, and adding all the sensor nodes with the value m into the set S C ；
S7.3 set of sensor nodes S copy Each sensor node s of (a) i Calculating a sensor node s i Success rate of data transmission to its reachable cluster head nodesThe method comprises the following specific steps:
s7.3.1 setting parameters u and v and setting the initial value to 1, according to the sensor node s i Next hop node set of (a)Constructing a sensor node s i Weighted directed tree to its reachable cluster head node +.>At sensor node s i Is->In which the root node represents the sensor node s i The vertex represents the next hop node, the leaf node represents the cluster head node, and the weight of the directed edge refers to the reliability of the link;
s7.3.2 traversing a weighted directed treeFinding a slave root node s i All paths to leaf node->
S7.3.3 for Path setEach path of->Resetting v to 1; then, traverse the path->Each sensor node s of (a) p Reset u to +.>Finally, resetting v value to v (1-u);
S7.3.4:a value of 1-v;
s7.4 whenThe value is smaller than the threshold omega of the success rate of data transmission, and the sensor node s is changed by using a directional light emitter redirection method i Reducing the number of hops to the cluster head node; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s7.4.1 setting parameters a, d and setting initial valuesSetting a set of link reliabilities P with neighboring nodes copy And will aggregate->Copy the value of the value to set P copy Setting a next hop node set Z copy And will sensor node s i Next hop node set +.>Copy the value of Z to set copy Updating sensor node s i Neighbor node set->
S7.4.2 when collectingNot be->At->To find the node s with the greatest link reliability * I.e.Will s * From the collection->Removing the components;
s7.4.3 when collectingStill is->When (1) update->The value is +.>Update->For->Each next-hop node s of (a) h Updating sensor node s i With next hop node s h Link reliability between (1)>Updating sensor node S using step S7.3 i Is>
S7.4.4 whenWhen d is larger than d, the d value is updated to +.>Updating a value to +.>Updating P copy The value is +.>Updating Z copy The value is +.>
When (when)When d is less than or equal to, update +.>The value d, update->The value is a, update->The value is P copy Update->With value Z copy ；
S7.4.5 repeating steps S7.4.2 to S7.4.4 untilIs->Obtaining a changed sensor node s i Directional light emitter with maximum success rate of data transmission>And->
S7.5 whenWhen the data transmission success rate threshold omega is greater than or equal to the data transmission success rate threshold omega, the step S7.3 is skipped to calculate the next node S in the node set S i ；
S7.6 whenWhen the value is still smaller than the data transmission success rate threshold ω, for the set +.> Each node s of (a) * Updating node s using steps S7.4.1 through S7.4.5 * Is directed to the light emitter direction, achieving +.>And->Will s * From the set S copy Remove, update->
S7.7 whenWhen the value is still smaller than the data transmission success rate threshold omega, the cluster head node selection method is used for selecting the sensor node s i All paths to cluster head node +.>One of the sensor nodes s - Determining a new cluster head node to enable the sensor node s i Meet the data transmission success rate threshold requirement and maximize +.>Success rate of data transmission of all other sensor nodes in (i.e.)>Wherein the method comprises the steps of
Will s - Adding to set S C Updating Z s -value ofUpdate->The value is +.>Updating S copy The value is S, p->Each of the sensor nodes s p Update its next hop node set +.>And update->Each next-hop node s of (a) h And sensor node s i Link reliability between->Updating sensor node S using step S7.3 i Is>
S7.8, repeating the steps S7.3 to S7.7 until each sensor node in the sensor node set S meets the requirement of the success rate of data transmission, thereby obtaining the cluster head node set S with the minimum number C 。
The method mainly comprises a sensor node communication model, a sensor node movement model, a link reliability model, a data transmission success rate model, a sensor directional light emitter redirection method and a cluster head node selection method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can solve the problem of unreliable data transmission caused by unpredictable node mobility in a dynamic underwater environment, and provides a reliable data transmission method for various underwater wireless optical sensor network applications.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a step diagram of a reliable data transmission method of an underwater wireless optical sensor network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sensor node communication model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sensor node movement model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a neighbor node and link reliability model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission success rate model, a sensor-oriented light emitter direction determining method, a sensor-oriented light emitter redirecting method, and cluster head node selection provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for redirecting a sensor-directed light emitter provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a cluster head node selection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 is a sensor node, 2 is a cable, 3 is an anchor, 4 is a neighbor node of the sensor node, 5 is a cluster head node, and 6 is an unreliable sensor.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a reliable data transmission method for an underwater wireless optical sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1. given set of sensor nodes s= { S 1 ,s 2 ,…,s n Anchor position coordinates of each sensor node, optical communication sector radius, beam angle, and sensor node maximum range of motion radius. Sensor node communication model As shown in FIG. 2, the communication coverage area of the sensor node 1 is a sector area where a sensor can communicate with other sensors located in the area, and the communication sector radius of the directional light emitter is R C The azimuth direction of the directional light emitter is the angle between the angular bisector of the communication sector of the directional light emitter and the magnetic north of the earthThe beam angle of the directional light emitter communication sector is 2β. Sensor node movement model As shown in FIG. 3, sensor node 1 performs a monitoring task at a depth H below sea level, and in order to prevent flushing by water currents, sensor node is connected to anchors 3 deployed on the seabed by cables 2, sensor node 1 affected by water currents may shift its anchor position to other positions, the movement range of sensor node 1 is a circle on a two-dimensional plane, the movement radius and the shift angle ∈>In connection with a maximum radius of movement of +.>
S2, setting directional light emitter direction set of all sensor nodesSetting m, wherein m is any specific value outside the range of 0-360; setting next-hop node set of all sensor nodesWherein (1)>Representing sensor nodes s i A set of next hop nodes whose initial value isSetting a link reliability set of all sensor nodes and the next hop node thereof +.>Wherein (1)>Representing sensor nodes s i A set of link reliability with each of its next hop nodes, whose initial value is +.>Set S of cluster head nodes 5 C Is->
And S3, according to the anchoring positions of the sensor nodes and the radius of the maximum moving range, establishing a sensor node communication model and determining a set of neighbor nodes 4 of each sensor node. The schematic diagram of the neighbor node is shown in fig. 4, and the sensor node 1 can only communicate with other sensors (e.g. s h 、s j 、s k 、s l 、s p ) A link is established between the two, and the communication range is the largest area which can be covered by a communication sector of the directional light emitter during the movement process of the sensor. Meanwhile, the sensor node 1 cannot communicate with the sensor nodes forming a loop within its communication range. For example, sensor node s, according to the directional light emitter direction of the sensor node in FIG. 3 h Transmitting data to the sensor node 1, i.e.Sensor node s l Transmitting data to the sensor node s h I.e. +.>But->If the sensor node 1 transmits data to the sensor node s h Sum s l Which can lead to cycling. Therefore, the set of neighbor nodes of sensor node 1 +.>
And S4, establishing a link reliability model according to the anchor position coordinates of the sensor nodes, the radius of the maximum moving range, the beam angle, the directional light emitter direction information and the neighbor node set. The link reliability is estimated by the conditional probability that the link remains connected as shown in fig. 4; the conditional probability of maintaining a connection is quantified by the coverage area of the sensor-directed light emitters and expressed as a ratio of two areas, the numerator being the overlap area between the communication coverage area of the sensor and the range of movement of the neighbor node, and the denominator being the range of movement of the neighbor. Link reliability is commonly related to three factors: the position of the sensor, the direction of the directional light emitters and the range of movement of the neighboring nodes. Meanwhile, in order to transfer the influence of the sensor movement on the direction of the directional light emitter, the direction of the directional light emitter of the sensor node can always keep the set azimuth direction. Thus, when the sensor nodes 1 are respectively located at anchorsPosition (ρ) j ,θ j ) And drift positionWhen the light emitters are oriented, the azimuth directions of the light emitters are all +.>Communication sector of its directional optical transmitter and neighbor node s k Sum s j The overlapping areas of the movement ranges are shaded in fig. 4.
S5, determining the direction of each sensor node directional light emitter in the directional light emitter direction set A and the set of next-hop nodes of each sensor node in the next-hop node set E by using a sensor node directional light emitter direction determining method based on a link reliability model according to the highest link reliability. The link reliability of the sensor node in all directions can be calculated by the equationCalculation, equation->Is a continuous function, in the closed interval [0,2 pi ]]The maximum value can be calculated, thus converting the complex direction determination problem into a problem of sensor node selection to maximize link reliability, the core being to select the sensor with the greatest link reliability in each selection. Sensor directed light emitter direction determination method a schematic diagram is shown in fig. 5, each time a sensor with maximum link reliability is selected.
And S6, establishing a data transmission success rate model according to the anchor position coordinates of the sensor nodes, the maximum movement range radius, the beam angle, the direction of the directional light emitter, the neighbor node set, the next-hop node set and the cluster head node set information. The data transmission success rate model is shown in fig. 5, three sensors s are selected 5 、s 6 Sum s 10 As cluster head node 5. Sensor node s 1 With cluster head nodes s accessible to it 5 、s 6 Sum s 10 Is provided for the three paths of (a). The data transmission success rates of these paths are 0.324, 0.27 and 0.3, respectively. Thus, the sensor node s 1 The success rate of data transmission is 0.65. To ensure reliable data transmission, the probability of successful data communication on each path should be above a threshold ω. If the data transmission success rate of the sensor node is lower than omega, the sensor node is regarded as an unreliable sensor, and the underwater reliable communication is affected; for example, in fig. 5, s when ω is set to 0.5 7 、s 12 Sum s 14 The data transmission success rates of (1) are 0.3, 0.45 and 0, respectively, for the unreliable sensor 6.
S7, based on the data transmission success rate model, using a cluster head node selection method to select the least number of sensors as the cluster head nodes 5, and guaranteeing the data transmission success rate from each sensor to the cluster head nodes 5. Firstly, selecting a sensor node without a neighbor node as a cluster head node 5; there are two cases of sensor nodes without neighbor nodes:
(1) The sensor node is isolated from other sensors, no other sensors being within its communication range, e.g., sensor node s in FIG. 5 14 ；
(2) All other sensors located within its communication range can transmit data thereto by one or more hops, e.g. sensor node s in fig. 5 5 、s 6 Sum s 10 In this case, if a sensor transmits data to any sensor within its communication range, a loop is formed, and thus, such a sensor has no neighbors. Second, whenever there is an unreliable sensor node with a data transmission success rate below the threshold ω, e.g., sensor node s in FIG. 5 7 、s 12 Sum s 14 The success rate of data transmission is ensured through two steps:
(1) Changing the directional light emitter direction of a sensor node from the maximum reliability of the next hop link to the minimum hop count to the cluster head node, e.g. sensor node s in FIG. 5 12 Is directed from s 13 Changed to s 10 . (2) Slave sensors and all their next hops if the sensor is still unreliableDetermining a cluster head node in the sensor, e.g. s in fig. 5 7 Sum s 14 The unreliable sensor nodes can meet the data transmission success rate threshold requirement and the data transmission success rate of all sensors can be improved to the maximum extent.
Claims (6)
1. The reliable data transmission method for the underwater wireless optical sensor network is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1. given set of sensor nodes s= { S 1 ,s 2 ,…,s n -giving the anchor position coordinates, the optical communication sector radius, the beam angle and the maximum range of movement radius of each sensor node;
s2, setting directional light emitter direction set of all sensor nodesThe initial value of (2) is m; wherein m is any value outside the range of 0-360; setting next-hop node set of all sensor nodesWherein (1)>Representing sensor nodes s i A set of next hop nodes whose initial value isSetting a link reliability set of all sensor nodes and the next hop node thereof +.>Wherein (1)>Representing sensor nodes s i A set of link reliability with each of its next hop nodes, whose initial value is +.>Setting cluster head node set S C Is->
S3, according to the anchor position coordinates and the maximum movement range radius of the sensor nodes, a sensor node communication model is established, and a neighbor node set of each sensor node is determined;
s4, establishing a link reliability model according to the anchor position coordinates of the sensor nodes, the radius of the maximum moving range, the beam angle, the directional light emitter direction set and neighbor node set information;
s5, determining the direction of each sensor node directional light emitter in the directional light emitter direction set A and the set of next-hop nodes of each sensor node in the next-hop node set E by using a sensor node directional light emitter direction determining method based on a link reliability model according to the highest link reliability;
s6, establishing a data transmission success rate model according to the anchoring position of the sensor node, the maximum moving range radius, the directional light emitter direction set, the neighbor node set, the next hop node set and the cluster head node set information;
s7, based on a data transmission success rate model, a directional light emitter redirection method and a cluster head node selection method are utilized to select the least number of sensor nodes as cluster head nodes, and the data transmission success rate from each sensor node to the cluster head nodes is ensured to be larger than a set threshold value.
2. The method for reliable data transmission of an underwater wireless light sensor network according to claim 1, wherein each sensor node S in the sensor node communication model of S3 i Communication links can only be established with sensor nodes located within the communication range of the sensor node s i In a circular area with the directional light emitter taking the anchoring position as the center and the radius of the maximum movement range as the radiusThe optical communication sector of the internal random moving process can cover the largest area at all angles; at the same time, sensor node s i Not communicating with sensor nodes forming a loop within their communication range; in the neighbor node set, the neighbor node is the sensor node s i Other sensor nodes that can communicate; in particular to a special-shaped ceramic tile,
wherein d ij Is a sensor node s i And neighbor node s j The euclidean distance between them,is a sensor node s i R is the maximum movement range radius of (2) C Is a sensor node s i The optical communication sector radius of the directional optical transmitter;is a neighbor node s j A set of sensor nodes to which data is transmitted in a multi-hop manner;
is a neighbor node s j A set of sensor nodes to which data is transferred in a one-hop manner, denoted as
Wherein (ρ) j ,θ j ) Is a neighbor node s j Is provided with an anchor position coordinate of (c) in the plane of the anchor,is a neighbor node s j Position coordinates within its range of movement, +.>Is a neighbor node s with the center of a circle j Anchor position (ρ) j ,θ j ) And the radius is the maximum movement range +.>Is round in area>Is a neighbor node s j In position->And the direction of the directional light emitter is +.>Sector communication area at the time; />Is the intersection region.
3. The method for reliable data transmission of an underwater wireless light sensor network according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the link reliability model of S4 is a sensor node S i Conditional probability of maintaining link connection in mobile range, link reliability and sensor node s i Is related to the anchor position coordinates of the directional light emitters, the direction of the directional light emitters and the moving range of the neighbor nodes; the conditional probability of a link connection is expressed as the ratio of the areas of the two regions, the molecule being the sensor node s i The area of an intersection area between the coverage area of the optical communication sector of the directional optical transmitter at each position in the moving range and the moving range of the neighbor node, and the denominator is the moving range of the neighbor node; specifically, when the sensor node s i Is located at the anchor position coordinates (ρ i ,θ i ) And the direction of the directional light emitter isWhen it is, it is->Connection probability of->Is that
Wherein,is a sensor node s i In the anchoring position (ρ) i ,θ i ) And the direction of the directional light emitter is +.>A communication sector at the time; />For an intersection region, (r, σ) is the coordinates of a certain position in the intersection region;
at the same time, sensor node s i When the directional light emitter of (a) covers a plurality of neighbor nodes, the sensor node s i Probability of connection with its neighbor nodeIs that
The directional light emitter of the set sensor node always keeps the set azimuth direction, and the link reliability is the connection probability period of each position in the moving range of the sensor nodeA value is expected; specifically, when the sensor node s i Is directed by the directional light emitterSensor node s i And neighbor node->Link reliability between (1)>Calculated by:
wherein,is a sensor node s i Position coordinates within its range of movement;
when the sensor node s i Is directed by the directional light emitterSensor node s i Link reliability between all its neighboring nodes +.>Calculated by:
4. the method for reliable data transmission of an underwater wireless optical sensor network according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method for determining the direction of the directional optical transmitter of the sensor node in S5 is to select the sensor node with the greatest link reliability by adopting a greedy method, and comprises the following steps:
s5.1 to ensure the integrity of the sensor nodes in the sensor node set S, the node set S is set copy And copy the value of the sensor node set S to the node set S copy The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Setting another sensor node set S' and setting a set initial value toFor receiving a signal from a set of nodes S copy The sensor nodes meeting the requirements;
s5.2 when S copy When not empty, for S copy Each sensor node s of (a) i Computing its neighbor node set
S5.3 from S copy Is selected to have the greatest link reliability * I.e. Wherein-> Sensor node s calculated by link reliability model i The directional light emitter direction of maximum link reliability is expressed as:
s5.4 whenWhen the value is not 0, s is calculated * Next hop sensor node set +.>And updated into the next hop node set E, for +.>Each sensor node s of (a) # Calculation and sensor node s * Link reliability betweenAnd is added to the sensor node s * Link reliability set of->And updated into the link reliability set Q; sensor node s in directional light emitter direction set A * Is determined as +.>Will s * From the set S copy Remove and remove s * Join to set S';
when (when)When 0, s is * From the set S copy Removing the components;
and S5.5, repeating the steps S5.2 to S5.4 to obtain a directional light emitter direction set A, a link reliability set Q and a next hop node set E.
5. The method for reliable data transmission of an underwater wireless light sensor network according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the data transmission success rate model in S6 is the link reliability of each link in the path from the sensor node to the reachable cluster head node, comprising the steps of:
s6.1, according to the directional light emitter direction set A, the next hop node set E and the cluster head node set S C Constructing a path from each sensor node to its reachable cluster head node; slave sensor node s i The paths to a certain reachable cluster head node are represented as a set of sensor pathsSensor Path set->The success rate of data transmission is->The product of the link reliability of each sensor node and its next hop node is given by
S6.2, the success rate of data transmission from the sensor node to the plurality of paths of the reachable cluster head nodes is that at least one reachable cluster head node successfully receives data, and the sensor node S i The success rate of data transmission is as follows
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs a slave sensor node s i A set of links to cluster head nodes that it can reach.
6. The method for reliable data transmission of an underwater wireless light sensor network according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method for redirecting the directional light emitters and the method for selecting the cluster head nodes in S7 comprises the following steps:
s7.1, setting a cluster head node set S according to a directional light emitter direction set A of all sensor nodes, a next hop node set E of all sensor nodes, a link reliability set q of all sensor nodes and the next hop node thereof, which are obtained by a sensor node directional light emitter direction determining method C And set the initial value of the set asEmptying node set S copy And copy the value of the sensor set S to set S copy ；
S7.2, traversing the directional light emitter direction set A, and adding all the sensor nodes with the value m into the set S C ；
S7.3 Each sensor node S in the set of sensor nodes S i Calculating a sensor node s i Success rate of data transmission to its reachable cluster head nodesThe method comprises the following specific steps:
s7.3.1 setting parameters u and v and setting the initial value to 1, according to the sensor node s i Next hop node set of (a)Constructing a sensor node s i Weighted directed tree to its reachable cluster head node +.>At sensor node s i Is->In which the root node represents the sensor node s i The vertex represents the next-hop node, the leaf node represents the cluster head node, and the weight of the directed edge meansReliability of the link;
s7.3.2 traversing a weighted directed treeFinding a slave root node s i All paths to leaf node->
S7.3.3 for Path setEach path of->Resetting v to 1; then, traverse the path->Each sensor node s of (a) p Reset u to +.>Finally, resetting v value to v (1-u);
S7.3.4:a value of 1-v;
s7.4 whenThe value is smaller than the threshold omega of the success rate of data transmission, and the sensor node s is changed by using a directional light emitter redirection method i Reducing the number of hops to the cluster head node; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s7.4.1 setting parameters a, d and setting initial valuesSetting and neighborsLink reliability set P for a node copy And will aggregate->Copy the value of the value to set P copy Setting a next hop node set Z copy And will sensor node s i Next hop node set +.>Copy the value of Z to set copy Updating sensor node s i Neighbor node set->
S7.4.2 when collectingNot be->At->To find the node s with the greatest link reliability * I.e.Will s * From the collection->Removing the components;
s7.4.3 when collectingStill is->When (1) update->The value is +.>Update->For->Each next-hop node s of (a) h Updating sensor node s i With next hop node s h Link reliability between (1)>Updating sensor node S using step S7.3 i Is>
S7.4.4 whenWhen d is larger than d, the d value is updated to +.>Updating a value to +.>Updating P copy The value is +.>Updating Z copy The value is +.>
When (when)When d is less than or equal to, update +.>The value d, update->The value is a, update->The value is P copy Update->With value Z copy ；
S7.4.5 repeating steps S7.4.2 to S7.4.4 untilIs->Obtaining a changed sensor node s i Directional light emitter with maximum success rate of data transmission>And->
S7.5 whenWhen the data transmission success rate threshold omega is greater than or equal to the data transmission success rate threshold omega, the step S7.3 is skipped to calculate the next node S in the node set S i ；
S7.6 whenWhen the value is still smaller than the data transmission success rate threshold ω, for the set +.> Each node s of (a) * Updating node s using steps S7.4.1 through S7.4.5 * Is directed to the light emitter direction, achieving +.>And->Will s * From the set S copy Remove, update->
S7.7 whenWhen the value is still smaller than the data transmission success rate threshold omega, the cluster head node selection method is used for selecting the sensor node s i All paths to cluster head node +.>One of the sensor nodes s - Determining a new cluster head node to enable the sensor node s i Meet the data transmission success rate threshold requirement and maximize +.>Success rate of data transmission of all other sensor nodes in (i.e.)>Wherein the method comprises the steps of
Will s - Adding to set S C UpdatingThe value is +.>Update->The value is +.>Updating S copy The value is S, p->Each of the sensor nodes s p Update its next hop node set +.>And update->Each next-hop node s of (a) h And sensor node s i Link reliability between->Updating sensor node S using step S7.3 i Is>
S7.8 repeating step S73 to S7.7 until each sensor node in the set of sensor nodes S meets the data transmission success rate requirement, obtaining the least number of cluster head node sets S C 。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210639055.1A CN115051758B (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Reliable data transmission method for underwater wireless optical sensor network |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210639055.1A CN115051758B (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Reliable data transmission method for underwater wireless optical sensor network |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115051758A CN115051758A (en) | 2022-09-13 |
| CN115051758B true CN115051758B (en) | 2023-12-22 |
Family
ID=83161516
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210639055.1A Active CN115051758B (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Reliable data transmission method for underwater wireless optical sensor network |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115051758B (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106788729A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-31 | 西安电子科技大学 | Topology suitable for wireless light sensor network is formed and method for routing |
| CN109587752A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-05 | 西安电子科技大学 | Wireless sensor network topology construction method based on multiple linear regression model |
| CN113438667A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-24 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Method for prolonging service life of underwater wireless sensor network based on IM-kmeans cluster routing strategy |
-
2022
- 2022-06-08 CN CN202210639055.1A patent/CN115051758B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106788729A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-31 | 西安电子科技大学 | Topology suitable for wireless light sensor network is formed and method for routing |
| CN109587752A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-05 | 西安电子科技大学 | Wireless sensor network topology construction method based on multiple linear regression model |
| CN113438667A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-24 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Method for prolonging service life of underwater wireless sensor network based on IM-kmeans cluster routing strategy |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| An application-specific Protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks;Heinzalman W et al.;IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication;第1卷(第4期);全文 * |
| 基于非均匀分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议;苏兵;张钰婧;;计算机测量与控制(第02期);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115051758A (en) | 2022-09-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Wei et al. | Reliable data collection techniques in underwater wireless sensor networks: A survey | |
| Yu et al. | An adaptive routing protocol in underwater sparse acoustic sensor networks | |
| Chirdchoo et al. | Sector-based routing with destination location prediction for underwater mobile networks | |
| Durresi et al. | Optimized broadcast protocol for sensor networks | |
| CN106937348B (en) | Underwater wireless sensor network networking method and underwater wireless sensor network node device | |
| Celik et al. | Opportunistic routing for opto-acoustic internet of underwater things | |
| Nowsheen et al. | PRADD: A path reliability-aware data delivery protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks | |
| Tariq et al. | Pressure Sensor Based Reliable (PSBR) Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks. | |
| Dhongdi | Review of Underwater Mobile Sensor Network for ocean phenomena monitoring | |
| Hyder et al. | Self-organized ad hoc mobile (SOAM) underwater sensor networks | |
| CN115051758B (en) | Reliable data transmission method for underwater wireless optical sensor network | |
| Chen et al. | A QoS-aware underwater optimization framework for inter-vehicle communication using acoustic directional transducers | |
| CN105813130A (en) | Coordination mechanism method of multiple-hop underwater acoustic network data transmission | |
| CN113810974B (en) | Routing method of underwater light sensor | |
| CN113382464B (en) | Directional ad hoc network power control method based on minimum spanning tree | |
| Nowsheen et al. | MPDF: Movement predicted data forwarding protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks | |
| Mei et al. | An Adaptive Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks With Ocean Current | |
| Ismail et al. | A novel routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks based on shifted energy efficiency and priority | |
| Llor et al. | Modelling underwater wireless sensor networks | |
| Chafale et al. | Opportunistic routing and monitoring of packet data in underwater wireless sensor network | |
| CN117793663B (en) | Remote agricultural machinery operation information transmission method based on LoRa | |
| Ahmad et al. | A Survey on Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Requirements | |
| Wang et al. | Attitude-Aware Based Geographical Opportunity Routing Protocol for Floating Wireless Sensor Network | |
| CN111263418B (en) | System and method for planning moving path of node in wireless self-organizing network | |
| Baba Ahmed | -A cross layer protocol for a non-synchronous localization scheme in large-scale UWSNs (Underwater Wireless Sensor Network) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |