CN105813130A - Coordination mechanism method of multiple-hop underwater acoustic network data transmission - Google Patents
Coordination mechanism method of multiple-hop underwater acoustic network data transmission Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0231—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
- H04W28/0236—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
- H04L1/1858—Transmission or retransmission of more than one copy of acknowledgement message
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/04—Error control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
- H04W28/065—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information using assembly or disassembly of packets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention relates to a coordination mechanism method of multiple-hop underwater acoustic network data transmission and belongs to the underwater communication field. According to the method, a coordination mechanism of inter-node data transmission is established based on the transmission characteristic of large time delay of an underwater acoustic channel; the length of data blocks is set reasonably, the distances between nodes are controlled, and the magnitude of transmission power of each node is controlled; and after a node i sends a data block j, the next data block j-1 of a node i-1 is received at first, then the feedback signals from a node i+1 are received, if acknowledgement signals are received, the node i directly begins sending the next data block j-1 from the node i-1, otherwise, the node i re-transmits the original data block j, and thus, the listening state time of the node i can be fully utilized. With the method of the invention adopted, the average end-to-end delay of the transmission of an underwater acoustic data multiple-hop transmission system can be effectively reduced with the bit error rate performance of the underwater acoustic data multiple-hop transmission system ensured; and underwater acoustic data are sent and received by using the idle time of the listening of the underwater acoustic network nodes; and the average end-to-end delay changes slowly with a signal to noise ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to subsurface communication, especially relate to a kind of multi-hop underwater acoustic network data based on the underwater acoustic network multi-hop coordination system
The coordination system method of transmission.
Background technology
Due to Space Time-frequency dependent characteristic that underwater acoustic channel is intrinsic, there is arrowband simultaneously, height is made an uproar, strong Multi-path interference, long propagation delay time,
The features such as big random fluctuation, are generally considered one of wireless channel of the most most challenging.In recent years, underwater sound communication and
Its network technology has been made significant headway at the development of marine information application because of it.Along with understanding, develop and protect
Protecting going deep into of ocean, traditional independent point-to-point marine exploration, information gathering etc. have begun to change to networking, underwater sensing
Device network, underwater sound early warning net, seabed observation network demand the most urgent, it has also become following underwater sound communication development important
Direction.Therefore, study underwater acoustic network highly reliable, low-power consumption and there is important academic significance and application prospect.
At present, adapt to underwater acoustic channel environment energy-efficient underwater acoustic network agreement be restriction underwater sound communication network development key because of
One of element, mainly includes reducing energy loss both at home and abroad, reduces time delay, avoids conflict etc. the research of underwater acoustic network host-host protocol
Several aspects.As the elementary cell of underwater acoustic network, under water, energy supplies critical constraints in underwater acoustic network node long-term work.
The node communication distance caused by underwater acoustic channel build-in attribute (height makes an uproar, many ways, long delay transmission) and node energy is limited etc. lacks
Falling into, determining internodal reliable communication needs the relay transmission through intermediate node to complete, and this facilitates multi-hop underwater acoustic network
Development.Compared with directly carrying out long haul communication, realize, by short distance multi-hop, the energy that the system consumption of long haul communication is lower
Amount (Gregory J.Pottie and William J.Kaiser.Embedding the internet:wireless
Integrated network sensors [J] .Communications of the ACM, 2000,43 (5): 51 58.),
And for Underwater Acoustic Environment, the bandwidth availability ratio that can be effectively improved underwater sound communication system by the cooperation of via node is missed with communicating
Code performance, it is possible to improve underwater sound communication system capacity, expands the coverage area it is considered to be the most potential next generation simultaneously
High-speed underwater sound communication and solution (W.Zhang, the et al.Analysis of a Linear Multihop of network
Underwater Acoustic Network[J].IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,2010,35(4):
961-970.).But, along with the increase of via node jumping figure, its end-to-end time delay also can increase therewith, and energy constraint makes
Sending times is restricted.Therefore, in the research of multi-hop underwater acoustic network, the impact of underwater acoustic channel to be considered, energy supply,
Also to consider the existence due to via node, message transmitting procedure can be affected by other node communication crosstalk in network, this
The scale and the performance that make underwater acoustic network are all very limited.
In current underwater acoustic network design, traditional end-to-end, hop-by-hop seek the modes such as footpath process, in complicated underwater environment
It it is poor efficiency.Generally, at the scene test in, in addition to propagation delay time and propagation delay, there is also other three types time
Prolong, i.e. modem state conversion time delay, modem synchronization time delay and the data forwarding latency of modem.These are three years old
Plant time delay and in the reliable data transmission of underwater acoustic network, play key player, such as due to half pair of underwater acoustic network modem
Work mode of operation, the decay time scope of changing between transmission-reception state into hundreds of milliseconds to the several seconds.Additionally, semiduplex work
Operation mode makes node there is generation T-R conflict and receipts-receipts conflict may.Therefore, for solving the problems referred to above, Connecticut, USA
University proposes practical multi-hop infallible data based on coding and forwards (Practical Coding-based Multi-hop
Reliable Data Transfer, referred to as PCMRDT) method, the method encodes and selects to retransmit by combining stochastic linear
Improve reliability and efficiency, and utilize the multi-hop coordination system to carry out collision free, reduce average end-to-end time delay (Mo, Haining, et
al.Practical Coding-based Multi-hop Reliable Data Transfer for Underwater Acoustic
Networks.In Proc.of IEEE Global Communications Conference(GLOBECOM),Anaheim,CA,
3-7Dec.2012.)。
But in said method, each node is when transmitting data, and the time of wait-for-response is idle, in this makes the unit interval
The data volume of transmission reduces.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide and can reduce the existing multi-hop underwater acoustic network data average end-to-end time delay of transmission, believe according to the underwater sound
The attribute of road long time delay, by the data transmitting mechanisms between coordinator node, under sending in the idle period under node listening state
The end-to-end time delay that one data block is overall to reduce system so that the time of node listening state is fully used, is ensureing
On the premise of underwater sound data multi-hop transmission system error performance, can effectively reduce a kind of multi-hop of the average end-to-end time delay of system transfers
The coordination system method of underwater acoustic network data transmission.
The present invention comprises the following steps:
1) equidistantly laying between each node, each node transmit power strength control can only allow two nodes being close to enough
Listen to, size that non-close node cannot listen to；
2) each node is all operated in half-duplex state, i.e. arbitrary node and is in transmission state or is in listening state；And regulation,
After each node has sent a data block, transfer listening state to from transmission state immediately；Feedback signal is for being properly received signal ACK
Or it is not properly received signal NAK；
3) set the Handshake Protocols such as RTS/CTS to have solved, and way does not consider RTS/CTS Handshake Protocol in the transmission；
4) set any three nodes and be respectively in node i-1, node i and node i+1, node i-1 and node i the most pending
The data block sent is respectively j-1 and j.The transmission direction of data block j-1 and data block j is respectively node i-1 to node i, with
And node i is to node i+1；
5) node i-1 and node i are in transmission state, and node i+1 is in listening state；Now, node i is by it
Data block j to be sent is all sent to node i+1, and node i transfers listening state immediately to subsequently；
6) node i-1 sends data block j-1 to be sent on it, and node i-1 transfers listening state immediately to subsequently；
7) node i first receives next data block j-1 from node i-1, then receives from node i+1 about whether receiving
The feedback signal of data block i, then returns to node i-1 by the feedback signal of renewal；
8) utilize the transmission characteristic of underwater acoustic channel long time delay, by rationally arranging data block length, the distance that controls between node with
And the transmit power size of each node, it is ensured that node i is before receiving the feedback signal of node i+1, it is possible to completely receive
From the data base j-1 of node i-1, do not produce conflict；That is, it needs to the time of data length is counted with the relation of distance
Calculate, it is ensured that the data that sending node sends fall in the clear area of receiving node；
9) if node i+1 is properly received data block j, then send and be properly received signal ACK to node i, otherwise send the most correct
Signal NAK is to node i requesting retransmission data block j in reception, until node i+1 is properly received data block j or reaches maximum
Till number of retransmissions.
In step 7) in, if it is NAK that node i returns to the feedback signal of node i-1, then node i-1 re-transmitting data block j-1
The time feedback signal that receives node i+1 depending on node i situation depending on, i.e. according to node i the need of to node i+1 weight
Depending on passing the situation of data block j.
The present invention is according to the intrinsic transmission characteristic of underwater acoustic channel long time delay, by rationally arranging data block length, controlling between node
Distance and the coordination system such as transmit power size of each node, propose to utilize transmission free time transmission subsequent data chunk,
The method reducing the average end-to-end time delay of system further.
The present invention has an advantage highlighted below:
1) the most end-to-end of system transfers can effectively be reduced on the premise of ensureing underwater sound data multi-hop transmission system error performance
Time delay；
2) transfer the inferior position of underwater acoustic channel long time delay build-in attribute to advantage, take full advantage of underwater acoustic network node monitor idle time
Between send and receive underwater sound data；
3) the average end-to-end time delay of the multi-hop water acoustic transmission system of the method for the invention, the change with signal to noise ratio is relatively slower,
I.e. under changeable ocean channel circumstance, there is higher adaptation ability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the end-to-end time delay diagram (as a example by 2 jumpings) that multi-hop underwater acoustic network uses PCMRDT multi-hop coordination system method.
Fig. 2 is the end-to-end time delay diagram (as a example by 2 jumpings) that multi-hop underwater acoustic network uses multi-hop coordination system method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the relation diagram of propagation delay and data block length in multi-hop coordination system method precondition of the present invention.
Fig. 4 be multi-hop underwater acoustic network when using the method for the invention single the most successfully transmit schematic diagram and (jump with 4 nodes 3
As a example by, it is assumed that every 1 jumps at most permission retransmits for 1 time).
Fig. 5 be multi-hop underwater acoustic network when using the inventive method any 1 node occur the transmission schematic diagram retransmitted (with 41 time
As a example by node 3 is jumped).
Fig. 6 be the multi-hop underwater acoustic network transmission schematic diagram that any 2 nodes respectively occur 1 time to retransmit when using the inventive method (with
As a example by 4 nodes 3 are jumped).
Fig. 7 be multi-hop underwater acoustic network when using the inventive method whole nodes respectively occur the transmission schematic diagram retransmitted (with 4 joints 1 time
As a example by point 3 jumping).
Fig. 8 be multi-hop underwater acoustic network use PCMRDT method time single the most successfully transmit schematic diagram (by 4 nodes 3 jump as a example by,
Assuming that every 1 jumps 1 re-transmission of at most permission).
When Fig. 9 is multi-hop underwater acoustic network employing PCMRDT method, any 1 node occurs the transmission schematic diagram retransmitted (with 41 time
As a example by node 3 is jumped).
Figure 10 be the multi-hop underwater acoustic network transmission schematic diagram that any 2 nodes respectively occur 1 time to retransmit when using PCMRDT method (with
As a example by 4 nodes 3 are jumped).
When Figure 11 is multi-hop underwater acoustic network employing PCMRDT method, whole nodes respectively occur the transmission schematic diagram retransmitted (with 41 time
As a example by node 3 is jumped).
Figure 12 is system entirety outage probability under different transmitting source level.
Figure 13 is the contrast of system ensemble average end-to-end time delay under different transmitting source level.
Figure 14 is the impact on retransmitting interstitial content of the different transmitting source level.
Figure 15 is system whole average body end-to-end time delay under different pieces of information block length.
Figure 16 is the jumping figure impact on system ensemble average end-to-end time delay under different transmitting source level.
Figure 17 is jumping figure and system ensemble average end-to-end time delay variation relation under different transmitting source level.
Detailed description of the invention
With specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The workflow of the coordination system PCMRDT method of existing multi-hop underwater acoustic network is as shown in Figure 1.Node i is sending data
Transferring listening state to after block j, until receiving the feedback information of node i+1, just allowing node i-1 send next data
Block j-1.As seen from Figure 1, there is longer free segment, when the jumping figure of multi-hop is more, accumulation at listening state in node i
This period of free time has significant effect for system entirety end-to-end time delay.If as in figure 2 it is shown, by abundant for this section of listening state
Utilize, then systematic entirety can will further be optimized.
To this end, the present invention proposes the build-in attribute of a kind of combination underwater acoustic channel long time delay, make full use of what underwater acoustic network node was monitored
Free time sends and receives the multi-hop coordination system method of underwater sound data.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the coordination system method of described multi-hop underwater acoustic network data transmission, comprise the following steps:
1) equidistantly lay between each node, each node transmit power intensity, control to allow two node foots of next-door neighbour
Enough listen to, size that non-close node cannot listen to；
2) each node is all operated in half-duplex state, i.e. arbitrary node and is in transmission state or is in listening state；And regulation,
After each node has sent a data block, transfer listening state to from transmission state immediately；Feedback signal is for being properly received signal ACK
Or it is not properly received signal NAK；
3) Handshake Protocol such as RTS/CTS has solved, and way does not consider RTS/CTS Handshake Protocol in the transmission；
4) as in figure 2 it is shown, set any three nodes to be respectively node i-1, node i and node i+1, node i-1 and node
Data block the most to be sent on i is respectively j-1 and j.The transmission direction of data block j-1 and data block j is respectively node i-1
To node i, and node i is to node i+1.
5) node i-1 and node i are in transmission state, and node i+1 is in listening state；Now, node i is by it
Data block j to be sent is all sent to node i+1, and node i transfers listening state immediately to subsequently；
6) node i-1 sends data block j-1 to be sent on it, and node i-1 transfers listening state immediately to subsequently；
7) node i first receives next data block j-1 from node i-1, then receives from node i+1 about whether receiving
Then-feedback signal of renewal returns to node i-1 feedback signal of data block i, then receives and closes then from node i+1
The no feedback signal receiving data block i；
8) utilize the transmission characteristic of underwater acoustic channel long time delay, by rationally arranging data block length, the distance that controls between node with
And the transmit power size of each node, it is ensured that node i is before receiving the feedback signal of node i+1, it is possible to completely receive
From the data base j-1 of node i-1, do not produce conflict；That is, it needs to the time of data length is counted with the relation of distance
Calculating, it is ensured that the data that sending node sends fall in the clear area of receiving node, this process is as it is shown on figure 3, the most satisfied:
Tst+Tc+Tbl+Tst≥Tbl+Tc+Tbl, abbreviation can obtain: Tbl≤2Tst (1)
In formula, Tst=l/c represents propagation delay, and l is internodal distance, and c is underwater sound speed；TblRepresent propagation delay time, also
It it is exactly the total duration of data symbol block to be sent；TcRepresent State Transferring time delay.
9) if node i+1 is properly received data block j, then send and be properly received signal ACK to node i, otherwise send the most correct
Signal NAK is to node i requesting retransmission data block j in reception, until node i+1 is properly received data block j or reaches maximum
Till number of retransmissions.
In step 7) in, if it is NAK that node i returns to the feedback signal of node i-1, then node i-1 retransmits data j-1
Depending on the situation of the feedback signal that the time receives node i+1 depending on node i, i.e. retransmit the need of to node i+1 according to node i
Depending on the situation of data block j.
For the method for the invention, for the sake of simple, below as a example by the multi-hop underwater acoustic network that 4 nodes 3 are jumped furtherly
Bright, allow 1 time to retransmit if assuming every 1 to jump at most, then one have 8 kinds of situations, number of retransmissions represents with 0,1, three diving sound
Network transmission situation is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| First jumps | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Second jumps | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 3rd jumps | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Thus, can draw as also shown in e.g. figs. 4-7 all kinds of may transmission situations, calculate respective end-to-end time delay separately below:
1) the whole transmission success of single: Fig. 4 represents transmission success of data block of each node, permissible according to schematic diagram
Obtain its end-to-end overall delay Tcase#1For:
Tcase#1=Tst+Tbl+Tc+Tst+Tc+Tst+Tc+Tst=Tbl+4Tst+3Tc (2)
2) any 1 node occurs 1 time to retransmit: in Figure 5, and in data transmission procedure, 1 node occurs 1 time the most wherein
Retransmit, this be can get:
Tcase#2=Tst+Tbl+Tc+Tst+Tc+Tst+Tbl+Tc+Tst+Tc+Tst+Tc+Tst=2Tbl+6Tst+5Tc (3)
3) any 2 nodes respectively occur 1 time to retransmit: in figure 6, and data block respectively occurs 1 time to retransmit at any 2 nodes,
Can obtain equally:
Tcase#3=2Tbl+6Tst+5Tc (4)
4) all nodes respectively occur 1 time to retransmit: as it is shown in fig. 7, in like manner can obtain:
Tcase#4=2Tbl+6Tst+5Tc (5)
As seen from the above analysis, as long as retransmitting, Tcase#i(i=1,2 ...) can be all the same, i.e. Tcase#i=2Tbl+6Tst+5Tc；
Only when once all transmission success, Tcase#iMinimum, for Tbl+4Tst+3Tc.For easy analysis, end-to-end by said system
Time delay is divided into two classes, and the first kind is the end-to-end time delay T of a transmission success1, Equations of The Second Kind is that end-to-end time delay when retransmitting occurs
T2；In the above example, T1=Tbl+4Tst+3Tc, T2=2Tbl+6Tst+5Tc。
The probability occurred for every kind of status transmission is relevant with signal to noise ratio, i.e. for above-mentioned 8 kinds of situations, and overall the putting down of system
All end-to-end time delay Te2eIt is represented by:
About the present embodiment, need exist for illustrating 2 points:
1) design about ack signal.Designed ack signal carries three bit check positions, respectively corresponding node i-1, node i,
The feedback information of node i+1.Under original state, when node data transmission success, corresponding check bit information changes into 1, if
Bust this, then corresponding check bit information is 0, and receiving node is by verifying corresponding check bit, it is determined whether retransmit.
When three information of the ack signal that only node i-2 receives are all 1, just can determine that whole transmission success.
Such as:
2) the present embodiment analysis puts aside ack signal length.Because existing PCMRDT method needs also exist for considering that ack signal is long
Degree, therefore consider from contrast end-to-end time delay angle, can cancelling out each other, the end-to-end time delay that system is overall is affected by it.
Table 2
Further, being extended by 3 jumping underwater acoustic networks in above-mentioned example, then use method of the present invention, system is whole
Under the different jumping figures of body, the end-to-end time delay of the method for the invention is as shown in table 2.Therefore, just like drawing a conclusion:
Usually, if assuming, end-to-end time delay when 1 transmission of 2 jumping underwater acoustic networks gets final product successful is T1, send when retransmitting
End-to-end time delay is T2, and 1 time transmission can successful probability be P1, needing the probability retransmitted is P2(meet P1+P2=1),
So, underwater acoustic network, its system ensemble average end-to-end time delay T are jumped for Ne2eFor:
Te2e(N)={ T1+(N-2)(Tst+Tc)}P1+{T2+(N-2)(Tst+Tc)}P2=(T1P1+T2P2)+(N-2)(Tst+Tc) (8)
For the ease of contrast properties, for existing PCMRDT method, it also is contemplated that the multi-hop underwater acoustic network that 4 nodes 3 are jumped,
And assume that every 1 jumps 1 re-transmission of at most permission, draw all kinds of transmission plans as shown in Fig. 8～11, calculate separately below each
End-to-end time delay:
1) the whole transmission success of single: as shown in Figure 8:
Tcase#1=3 (Tst+Tbl+Tc+Tst)+2(Tc+Tst+Tc)=3Tbl+8Tst+7Tc (9)
2) any 1 node 1 time retransmits: compared with Fig. 8, adds the re-transmission time and once of a data block in Fig. 9
The time of State Transferring, it may be assumed that
Tcase#2=3Tbl+8Tst+7Tc+(Tst+Tbl+Tc+Tst+Tc)=4Tbl+10Tst+9Tc (10)
3) similarly, as illustrated in figs. 10 and 12, can obtain having any 2 nodes respectively to occur 1 re-transmission and whole nodes each
There is end-to-end time delay when retransmitting 1 time, be respectively as follows:
Tcase#3=5Tbl+12Tst+11Tc(11)
Tcase#4=6Tbl+14Tst+13Tc(12)
Equally, if assume underwater sound multihop network jumping figure be N, occur retransmit node number be j (j=1,2 ..., N)), then pass
Different situation of defeated time has (N+1) to plant, and the probability that every kind of situation occurs isCan be obtained by above-mentioned analysis, system
Overall average end-to-end time delay Te2eFor:
The end-to-end time delay of the PCMRDT method of the different jumping figure of table 3
Equally, generally, the end-to-end time delay of underwater acoustic network is jumped it can be gathered that the PCMRDT method of different jumping figure for N
End-to-end time delay is as shown in table 3, from data in table 3, for the multi-hop underwater acoustic network that jumping figure is N, when re-transmission occurs
When node number j often increases by 1, end-to-end time delay increases (Tbl+2Tst+2Tc)；When the node number that re-transmission occurs is identical,
End-to-end time delay corresponding in the network of different jumping figures is different, and jumping figure often increases by 1 jumping, and end-to-end time delay increases (Tbl+3Tst+3Tc)；
Therefore, if assuming, the end-to-end time delay of 2 jumping underwater acoustic networks once whole transmission success is T1, it is j that the node number retransmitted occurs
(j=1,2 ..., N), then the average end-to-end time delay computing formula that this system is overall is:
Te2e(N, j)=T1+j(Tbl+2Tst+2Tc)+(N-2)(Tbl+3Tst+3Tc) (14)
Contrast (8) and formula (14), can significantly find out, the method for the invention is whole to underwater sound data multi-hop transmission system
Body end-to-end time delay has optimized.
Feasibility, reliability below for the method for the invention carry out Computer Simulation checking.
Assume each internodal transmission range l=2km of multi-hop underwater acoustic network, underwater sound speed c=1500m/s, the most any 2 joints
Propagation delay T between pointst=l/c ≈ 1333ms, according to OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing, referred to as OFDM) multi-carrier modulation, arrange according to the parameter of underwater acoustic network modem, each
The persistent period of OFDM data symbolic blocks (block) be 95ms (Chen Yougan. underwater acoustic network chnnel coding and the key technology that cooperates
Research [D]. Xiamen: Xiamen University's thesis for the doctorate, 2012), the most any 2 internodal propagation delay TstIt is about
1333/95=14 block, can be by each for node data symbol block total duration to be sent further according to precondition formula (1)
Or referred to as total length TblBeing set to 28 block, underwater acoustic channel uses accurate static fading channel, and (Chen Yougan, etc. the shallow sea underwater sound
The impact [J] on error correcting code performance evaluation of the channel model difference. war industry's journal, 2013,34 (11): 1404-1411.).Emulation
Experiment realizes on MATLAB platform, and simulation times is set to 5000 times.
For the signal to noise ratio snr of receiving terminal, passive sonar equation is used to represent (M.Stojanovic.On the relationship
between capacity and distance in an underwater acoustic communication channel[J].
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 2007,11 (4): 34-43.),
That is:
SNR=SL-TL-NL+DI (15)
In formula, SL is the transmitting source level of system；TL is propagation loss；NL is underwater noise level；DI is then to receive directional gain,
Emulation is assumed use non-directive transducer, i.e. DI=0.
For convenience of describing, in emulation, the description to end-to-end time delay all comes with the number of OFDM data symbolic blocks (block)
Represent, can be rounded divided by each block persistent period by propagation delay and be calculated corresponding block number, and according to upper
State end-to-end time delay computing formula to Te2eCalculate.
The following is the analysis for the method for the invention simulation result:
1) different transmitting source level are on systematic entirety energy and the impact of average end-to-end time delay: represent with PCM and PCM-S respectively
PCMRDT method and the method for the invention, (old to the system entirety outage probability of two kinds of transmission methods under different transmitting source level
Friend Gan. underwater acoustic network chnnel coding and the key technology research that cooperates [D]. Xiamen: Xiamen University's thesis for the doctorate, 2012) and
Average end-to-end time delay carries out simulation comparison, and result is as shown in Figures 12 and 13.As can be seen from Fig. 12, two kinds of transmission methods are being
The overall Outage probability of distributed antenna aspect of system is essentially identical, but the system ensemble average end that Figure 13 can be clearly visible the method for the invention arrives
Terminal delay time has the biggest minimizing compared with PCMRDT method, and this is consistent with the result that aforementioned theory analysis obtains.To Figure 13
Analysis can obtain, and along with the increase of transmitting source level, the average end-to-end time delay of two kinds of transmission methods is all reducing, but this
The average end-to-end time delay of bright described method changes milder.When transmitting source level changes, outage probability changes, and two
Kind of method transmitting procedure occur the nodes retransmitted also change, but on the impact of the method for the invention than PCMRDT method
Little.
2), along with transmitting source level increases, there is weight in the different transmitting source level impact on retransmitting nodes: as shown in Figure 14
The interstitial content passed reduces, and when 83dB, the probability of transmission success has basically reached 0.9.Figure 14 clearly illustrates
The average end-to-end time delay situation of change of the method for the invention in Figure 13.As long as because it is then identical for occurring to retransmit its time delay
, so it is once to retransmit the probability size successfully occurred that average end-to-end time delay rises main influence.Therefore, along with
The increase of transmitting source level, the average end-to-end time delay of the method for the invention reduces.
3) different pieces of information meets the impact on average end-to-end time delay of the block total length: from precondition formula (1), imitative
Data fit block total length desirable in true experiment is 28 block to the maximum, designs averagely for checking data fit block total length
The impact of end-to-end time delay, takes block size=15,20,25,28 respectively and carries out simulation comparison experiment, result such as Figure 15 institute
Show.As seen from Figure 15, average end-to-end time delay reduces with the increase of transmitting source level.When transmitting source level is identical, with data
Meeting the increase of block total length, average end-to-end time delay increases；Under the conditions of low transmitting source level, data fit block total length pair
The impact of average end-to-end time delay is bigger.
4) jumping figure impact on average end-to-end time delay under the conditions of different transmitting source level: in figure 16, average end-to-end time delay
Reducing with the increase of transmitting source level, under fixed transmission sound source level, increase with jumping figure, average end-to-end time delay increases, and
The average end-to-end time delay of the method for the invention is the most linear with jumping figure as seen from Figure 17.In Figure 16,
Between 80.5～81dB, only jumping figure is to have data when 2, this is because only having jumping figure with this understanding is to there are data when 2 to pass
Defeated successful situation, in the case of other jumping figure, owing to transmitting source level is relatively low, transmission is all interrupted, therefore does not has correspondence
Data, cause Figure 16 to there is clear area in this region.
Claims (2)
1. the coordination system method of a multi-hop underwater acoustic network data transmission, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) equidistantly laying between each node, each node transmit power strength control can only allow two nodes being close to enough
Listen to, size that non-close node cannot listen to；
2) each node is all operated in half-duplex state, i.e. arbitrary node and is in transmission state or is in listening state；And regulation,
After each node has sent a data block, transfer listening state to from transmission state immediately；Feedback signal is for being properly received signal ACK
Or it is not properly received signal NAK；
3) set RTS/CTS Handshake Protocol to have solved, and way does not consider RTS/CTS Handshake Protocol in the transmission；
4) set any three nodes and be respectively in node i-1, node i and node i+1, node i-1 and node i the most pending
The data block sent is respectively the transmission direction of j-1 and j, data block j-1 and data block j and is respectively node i-1 to node i, with
And node i is to node i+1；
5) node i-1 and node i are in transmission state, and node i+1 is in listening state；Now, node i is by it
Data block j to be sent is all sent to node i+1, and node i transfers listening state immediately to subsequently；
6) node i-1 sends data block j-1 to be sent on it, and node i-1 transfers listening state immediately to subsequently；
7) node i first receives next data block j-1 from node i-1, then receives from node i+1 about whether receiving
The feedback signal of data block i, then returns to node i-1 by the feedback signal of renewal；
8) utilize the transmission characteristic of underwater acoustic channel long time delay, by rationally arranging data block length, the distance that controls between node with
And the transmit power size of each node, it is ensured that node i is before receiving the feedback signal of node i+1, it is possible to completely receive
From the data base j-1 of node i-1, do not produce conflict；That is, it needs to the time of data length is counted with the relation of distance
Calculate, it is ensured that the data that sending node sends fall in the clear area of receiving node；
9) if node i+1 is properly received data block j, then send and be properly received signal ACK to node i, otherwise send the most correct
Signal NAK is to node i requesting retransmission data block j in reception, until node i+1 is properly received data block j or reaches maximum
Till number of retransmissions.
The coordination system method of a kind of multi-hop underwater acoustic network data the most as claimed in claim 1 transmission, it is characterised in that in step 7)
In, if it is NAK that node i returns to the feedback signal of node i-1, then the time of node i-1 re-transmitting data block j-1 regards node i
Depending on the situation of the feedback signal receiving node i+1, i.e. according to node i the need of the feelings to node i+1 re-transmitting data block j
Depending on condition.
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