CN115046378A

CN115046378A - Mushroom drying device

Info

Publication number: CN115046378A
Application number: CN202210740239.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘鹤; 刘佳敖; 刘勇; 李贺勇
Original assignee: Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Current assignee: Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Priority date: 2022-06-28
Filing date: 2022-06-28
Publication date: 2022-09-13
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-28
Also published as: CN115046378B

Abstract

The invention relates to a mushroom drying device, which effectively solves the problem of low mushroom drying and tray loading efficiency; the technical scheme includes that the mushroom drying device comprises a vertical cylindrical drying cylinder, a plurality of groups of paving units are arranged in the drying cylinder, the plurality of groups of paving units are stacked up and down, the paving units can move up and down, a feed inlet is formed in the middle of the side wall of the drying cylinder, the plurality of groups of paving units are located below the feed inlet before feeding, mushrooms to be dried are fed into the drying cylinder through the feed inlet and fall onto a paving disc below the feed inlet, the paving units ascend above a feed port after a layer of mushrooms are paved, a gas inlet is formed in the bottom of the drying cylinder, and a gas outlet is formed in the top of the drying cylinder; the automatic mushroom drying device can realize the automatic multilayer spreading of mushrooms in the drying cylinder, greatly reduce the labor capacity and improve the working efficiency.

Description

Mushroom drying device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of edible mushroom processing, in particular to a mushroom drying device.

Background

After the mushrooms are picked, the mushrooms can be dried for long-term storage; at present, mushrooms are generally stacked in a drying box or a drying chamber in a layered manner, and then heated high-temperature gas is introduced for drying, for example, in the patents of application numbers CN201510391354.8 and CN201920316923.6, the speed of tray loading and layered stacking of the device is slow, the labor capacity is large, and the working efficiency is low; in addition, due to the size difference of mushrooms, under the same drying condition and drying time, the conditions of insufficient drying of the large mushrooms and excessive drying of the small mushrooms can occur, and the overall quality of finished products is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the situation, the invention provides the mushroom drying device, which effectively solves the problems of low mushroom drying and tray loading efficiency and uneven drying of big and small mushrooms.

The technical scheme includes that the mushroom drying device comprises a vertical cylindrical drying cylinder, two ends of the drying cylinder are sealed, a plurality of paving units are arranged in the drying cylinder, and the paving units are stacked up and down; each group of paving units comprises an annular cylinder with two open ends, the annular cylinder is coaxial with the drying cylinder, a vertical shaft is arranged at the axial position of the annular cylinder, the lower end of the vertical shaft is fixed on the side wall of the annular cylinder through a plurality of connecting rods, a horizontal paving disc is coaxially arranged in the annular cylinder, the paving disc is in a shape of a net plate and penetrates through the vertical shaft and can slide up and down, and a first spring is arranged between the paving disc and the lower end of the vertical shaft; the side wall of the annular cylinder is provided with two internal thread sleeves, the two internal thread sleeves are symmetrical about the axis of the annular cylinder, a bearing is arranged between the internal thread sleeves and the annular cylinder, two vertical threaded rods are symmetrically arranged in the annular cylinder, the lower section of each threaded rod is provided with threads, the upper section of each threaded rod is a polished rod, and each threaded rod sequentially penetrates through a plurality of internal thread sleeves on the same side; the upper end of each internal thread sleeve is fixedly provided with a first gear positioned above the annular cylinder, the outer edge of the paving disc is coaxially and fixedly provided with an outer gear ring, the first gear is meshed with the outer gear ring, a non-rotatable second gear is fixed in the side wall of the annular cylinder, when the paving disc is not loaded with a load, the outer gear ring is higher than the second gear, the paving disc compresses the first spring to move downwards along with the increase of the load of the paving disc, and finally the outer gear ring is meshed with the second gear; a feed inlet is formed in the middle of the side wall of the drying cylinder, the multiple groups of paving units are located below the feed inlet before feeding, the upper end of the threaded section of the threaded rod is higher than the feed inlet, a conveyor belt is arranged in the feed inlet, and mushrooms to be dried are conveyed into the drying cylinder through the feed inlet by the conveyor belt and fall onto a lower paving disc; the bottom of the drying cylinder is provided with a gas inlet, and the top of the drying cylinder is provided with a gas outlet.

Each paving plate is provided with a paving brush above, and the paving brushes are fixed on the annular cylinder through a fixing rod.

The distance between the outer end of the paving brush and the paving disc is smaller than the distance between the inner end of the paving brush and the paving disc, and the mesh density of the central area of the paving disc is larger than that of the outer edge area.

The inner wall of a stoving section of thick bamboo on be equipped with spacing unit, spacing unit includes bolt, second spring and the pin of the coaxial setting of level, the bolt is adorned soon and is link up a stoving section of thick bamboo lateral wall on a stoving section of thick bamboo lateral wall, the pin is located a stoving section of thick bamboo, second spring coupling is between bolt and pin, the pin is pressed and is followed and carry on spacingly to the unit of paving on the annular section of thick bamboo of superiors.

The bottom of the drying cylinder is provided with an openable bottom plate, two sides of the side wall of the drying cylinder are rotatably arranged on a fixed object through a horizontal rotating shaft, a third gear is arranged on the rotating shaft, the third gear is meshed with a fourth gear, and the fourth gear is connected with a first driving motor.

Two the upper end of threaded rod all stretch out outside the section of thick bamboo of drying, a section of thick bamboo top of drying is equipped with a second driving motor, all is equipped with belt mechanism between second driving motor and every threaded rod.

And limiting plates are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the internal thread sleeve.

The lower end of the internal thread sleeve is provided with a guide groove.

The automatic mushroom drying device can realize the multilayer automatic spreading of mushrooms in the drying cylinder, greatly reduce the labor amount, improve the working efficiency, realize the uniform drying degree of the mushrooms and ensure the integral drying quality.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of the initial state of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention with the first layer of paving units raised to the end of the threaded segment.

Fig. 3 is a left side cross-sectional view of the present invention with the first layer of paving units raised to the end of the threaded segment.

Fig. 4 is a top view within the paving unit.

Fig. 5 is a first perspective view of the paving unit, not showing the paving brush.

Fig. 6 is a second perspective view of the spreading unit, in which the spreading brush is not shown.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the position a in fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the position B in fig. 3.

Detailed Description

With the attached drawing, the mushroom drying device comprises a vertical cylindrical drying cylinder 1, wherein two ends of the drying cylinder 1 are sealed, a plurality of paving units are arranged in the drying cylinder 1, the paving units are stacked up and down, and mushrooms to be dried are uniformly paved on a plurality of paving units for drying; each group of paving units comprises an annular cylinder 2 with two open ends, the annular cylinder 2 is coaxial with the drying cylinder 1, a vertical shaft 3 is arranged at the axial position of the annular cylinder 2, the lower end of the vertical shaft 3 is fixed on the side wall of the annular cylinder 2 through a plurality of connecting rods 4, a horizontal paving disc 5 is coaxially arranged in the annular cylinder 2, the paving disc 5 is in a mesh plate shape, the paving disc 5 is arranged on the vertical shaft 3 in a penetrating mode and can slide up and down, a first spring 6 is arranged between the paving disc 5 and the lower end of the vertical shaft 3, and the paving disc 5 can gradually compress the first spring 6 to move downwards along with the increase of mushrooms on the paving disc 5; the side wall of the annular cylinder 2 is provided with two internal thread sleeves 7, the two internal thread sleeves 7 are symmetrical about the axis of the annular cylinder 2, a bearing is arranged between the internal thread sleeves 7 and the annular cylinder 2, two vertical threaded rods 8 are symmetrically arranged in the annular cylinder 2, the lower section of each threaded rod 8 is provided with a thread, the upper section of each threaded rod 8 is a polished rod, each threaded rod 8 sequentially penetrates through the internal thread sleeves 7 on the same side, when the threaded rods 8 rotate, if the ascending resistance of the internal thread sleeves 7 is greater than the rotating resistance, the internal thread sleeves 7 synchronously rotate along with the threaded rods 8, if the rotating resistance of the internal thread sleeves 7 is greater than the ascending resistance, the internal thread sleeves 7 do not rotate along with the threaded rods 8, and the threaded rods 8 lift the internal thread sleeves 7 and the corresponding paving units; a first gear 9 positioned above the annular cylinder 2 is fixed at the upper end of each internal thread sleeve 7, an external gear ring 10 is coaxially fixed at the outer edge of the paving disc 5, the first gear 9 is meshed with the external gear ring 10, a non-rotatable second gear 11 is fixed in the side wall of the annular cylinder 2, when the paving disc 5 is not loaded with a load, the external gear ring 10 is higher than the second gear 11, the paving disc 5 compresses the first spring 6 to move downwards along with the increase of the load of the paving disc 5, and finally the external gear ring 10 is meshed with the second gear 11; before the external gear ring 10 is meshed with the second gear 11, the external gear ring 10 and the first gear 9 are not limited to rotate, so that the threaded rod 8 drives the internal thread sleeve 7, the external gear ring 10 and the paving disc 5 to rotate, the paving unit cannot be lifted, when the external gear ring 10 is meshed with the second gear 11, the rotation of the internal thread sleeve 7, the first gear 9 and the external gear ring 10 is limited by the second gear 11, so that the internal thread sleeve 7 cannot rotate, and at the moment, the threaded rod 8 can lift the paving unit; a feed inlet 12 is formed in the middle of the side wall of the drying cylinder 1, a plurality of groups of paving units are located below the feed inlet 12 before feeding, the upper end of a threaded section of a threaded rod 8 is higher than the feed inlet 12, a conveyor belt 13 is arranged in the feed inlet 12, mushrooms to be dried are conveyed into the drying cylinder 1 through the feed inlet 12 by the conveyor belt 13 and fall onto a paving disc 5 below, when the load capacity of the paving unit on the upper layer reaches a set value, the paving unit on the layer is lifted to the end of the threaded section by the threaded rod 8, the paving unit is higher than the feed inlet 12, and the mushrooms thrown into the feed inlet 12 fall onto the paving unit on the lower layer; the bottom of the drying cylinder 1 is provided with a gas inlet 14, and the top is provided with a gas outlet 15 for introducing drying gas into the drying cylinder 1.

A paving brush 16 is arranged above each paving disc 5, and when the paving discs 5 rotate, the paving brushes 16 can pave the mushrooms, of which the feed inlets 12 fall on the edges of the paving discs 5, towards the central area, so that the mushrooms are uniformly paved on the paving discs 5; the paving brush 16 is fixed on the annular cylinder 2 through a fixing rod 17.

The 16 outer ends of brush and the distance of the dish of paving between 5 are less than the inner and the distance of the dish of paving between 5, can stay the tip mushroom like this and pave 5 outer margins of dish, pave the tip mushroom and pave 5 central regions of dish, 5 central regions's mesh density of the dish of paving be greater than the mesh density of outer fringe region, make the drying gas that the tip mushroom of central region distributes more, the drying gas that the tip mushroom of outer fringe region distributed is less to avoid the tip mushroom to dry inadequately, the excessive condition of tip mushroom stoving.

The inner wall of the drying cylinder 1 is provided with a limiting unit, the limiting unit comprises a bolt 18, a second spring 19 and a stop lever 20 which are horizontally and coaxially arranged, the bolt 18 is screwed on the side wall of the drying cylinder 1 and penetrates through the side wall of the drying cylinder 1, the stop lever 20 is positioned in the drying cylinder 1, the second spring 19 is connected between the bolt 18 and the stop lever 20, and the stop lever 20 is pressed on the upper edge of the uppermost annular cylinder 2 to limit the spreading unit; when the outer gear ring 10 and the second gear 11 of the uppermost layer of the paving unit are not meshed, the limiting unit prevents the paving unit from moving upwards, the threaded rod 8 drives the inner thread sleeve 7, the first gear 9, the outer gear ring 10 and the paving disc 5 to rotate, when the outer gear ring 10 and the second gear 11 in the uppermost layer of the paving unit are meshed, the outer gear ring 10, the first gear 9 and the inner thread sleeve 7 are clamped by the second gear 11 and cannot rotate, the threaded rod 8 drives the uppermost layer of the paving unit to move upwards to press and bend the second spring 19 of the limiting unit so as to cross the limiting unit until the limiting unit moves to the end of the threaded section, and the inner thread sleeve 7 of the lower paving unit stops after rising to the position contacted with the stop lever 20 due to the fact that the rising resistance is smaller than the rotation resistance.

The bottom of the drying cylinder 1 is provided with an openable bottom plate 21, two sides of the side wall of the drying cylinder 1 are rotatably installed on a fixed object through a horizontal rotating shaft 22, a third gear 23 is installed on the rotating shaft 22, the third gear 23 is meshed with a fourth gear 24, the fourth gear 24 is connected with a first driving motor 25, the first driving motor 25 can drive the drying cylinder 1 to turn over through the third gear 23 and the fourth gear 24, after drying is finished, the bottom plate 21 at the bottom of the drying cylinder 1 is opened, the first driving motor 25 is started to turn over the drying cylinder 1, the mushrooms on the paving disc 5 are poured to the bottom of the drying cylinder 1 and then are discharged from the bottom plate 21, and the interval between the paving unit and the inner wall of the drying cylinder 1 is enough to enable the mushrooms to be poured down.

Two the upper end of threaded rod 8 all stretch out outside drying cylinder 1, drying cylinder 1 top is equipped with a second driving motor 26, all is equipped with belt mechanism 27 between second driving motor 26 and every threaded rod 8, second driving motor 26 passes through belt mechanism 27 and drives two threaded rod 8 synchronous rotations.

Limiting plates 28 are mounted at the upper end and the lower end of the internal thread sleeve 7, so that the internal thread sleeve cannot slide up and down relative to the annular cylinder 2.

The lower end of the internal thread sleeve 7 is provided with a guide bevel 29, and when the threaded rod 8 rotates reversely, the guide bevel 29 is helpful for the thread on the threaded rod 8 to be meshed with the internal thread sleeve 7.

Before the feeding, all the units of paving all are located the below of feed inlet 12, start second driving motor 26 during the feeding, second driving motor 26 passes through the belt and drives two threaded rods 8 and rotate, when the unit of paving is empty, the rotational damping of internal thread cover 7 is greater than its damping that rises, consequently threaded rod 8 can promote multiunit unit of paving to the position of the unit of paving of the superiors and spacing unit contact, the vertical axis 3 of the unit of paving of lower floor withstands the vertical axis 3 of the unit of paving of upper strata, the unit of paving is no longer upwards moving under the effect in spacing unit, internal thread cover 7 begins to rotate along with threaded rod 8 is synchronous, internal thread cover 7 drives outer ring gear 10 and the dish 5 that paves through first gear 9 rotates.

Start conveyer belt 13 and send into the mushroom of treating drying in to drying cylinder 1, the mushroom falls on the topmost lay flat dish 5 that paves of unit, the point of falling is in the periphery of the dish 5 that paves, the dish 5 that paves when the blanking rotates, the mushroom is paved and is opened on the dish 5 that paves under the effect of brush 16 that paves simultaneously, and because the brush 16 outer end that paves is less than inner with the distance of paving between the dish 5, consequently, the dish 5 periphery that paves can be stayed to little mushroom, and big mushroom can be paved the central region of 16 paves to the dish 5 that paves of brush.

Along with the increasing weight of mushrooms on the spreading disc 5, the spreading disc 5 gradually compresses the first spring 6 to move downwards, when the outer gear ring 10 is meshed with the second gear 11, the second gear 11 is fixedly installed, so that the outer gear ring 10 cannot rotate any more, the first gear 9 and the inner thread sleeve 7 cannot rotate any more, the spreading unit can be lifted upwards by the threaded rod 8, the second spring 19 of the limiting unit is bent, and the spreading unit is lifted to the end of the threaded section over the limiting unit; the multiple layers of paving units below are automatically lifted to the height of the limiting unit, the second layer of paving units begin to pave materials, the second layer of paving units are lifted to the end of the threaded section after the paving materials reach the set weight, the first layer of paving units are lifted by the second layer of paving units, the paving materials and the lifting are carried out layer by layer in such a way, and the paving materials are lifted to the end of the threaded section after the paving materials of the lowest layer of paving units are lifted to complete the paving work.

After each layer is all the paves the material and is accomplished, let in drying gas in to drying cylinder 1, dry the mushroom on the dish 5 that paves, because big mushroom is spread in the center district that paves dish 5, little mushroom is spread in the peripheral region who paves dish 5, the mesh density that the dish 5 that paves that corresponds is close to central region more is big more, consequently, big mushroom can distribute more drying gas, and less drying gas is distributed to little mushroom, make big or small mushroom degree of drying unanimous basically, avoid appearing that big mushroom is dried inadequately, the excessive condition of little mushroom drying.

After drying, starting the first driving motor 25, enabling the drying drum 1 to turn over around the rotating shaft 22 through the third gear 23 and the fourth gear 24 by the first driving motor 25, dumping the mushrooms on the paving disc 5 at the bottom of the drying drum 1, and then opening the bottom plate 21 to discharge.

After unloading, the bolt 18 is rotated to pull the limiting unit outwards, so that the stop lever 20 does not stop the paving unit from moving up and down, and then the second driving motor 26 is started reversely, and the second driving motor 26 drives the paving unit to move down until all anthrax units move down below the limiting unit.

According to the mushroom drying drum, the two relative motion modes of the threaded rod 8 and the internal thread sleeve 7 are adopted, so that the automatic switching of the rotation and the lifting movement of the paving unit is realized, the paving disc 5 rotates to realize the uniform paving of mushrooms when the paving unit is in no-load and light-load, and the rotation of the paving disc 5 is switched to the lifting movement to realize layer changing when the paving unit is in heavy-load, so that the multilayer automatic paving of mushrooms in the drying drum 1 is realized, manual operation and intervention are not needed, the labor capacity is greatly reduced, and the working efficiency is improved; in addition, through the obliquely arranged paving hairbrush 16, a large number of mushrooms can be paved towards the central area of the paving disc 5, and meshes in the central area of the paving disc 5 are denser, so that the uniformity of the drying degree of the mushrooms in different sizes is realized, and the overall drying quality is ensured.

Claims

1. A mushroom drying device comprises a vertical cylindrical drying cylinder (1), wherein two ends of the drying cylinder (1) are sealed, and the mushroom drying device is characterized in that a plurality of paving units are arranged in the drying cylinder (1) and are stacked up and down; each group of paving units comprises an annular cylinder (2) with two open ends, the annular cylinder (2) is coaxial with the drying cylinder (1), a vertical shaft (3) is arranged at the axial position of the annular cylinder (2), the lower end of the vertical shaft (3) is fixed on the side wall of the annular cylinder (2) through a plurality of connecting rods (4), a horizontal paving disc (5) is coaxially arranged in the annular cylinder (2), the paving disc (5) is in a net plate shape, the paving disc (5) penetrates through the vertical shaft (3) and can slide up and down, and a first spring (6) is arranged between the paving disc (5) and the lower end of the vertical shaft (3); the side wall of the annular cylinder (2) is provided with two internal thread sleeves (7), the two internal thread sleeves (7) are symmetrical about the axis of the annular cylinder (2), a bearing is arranged between the internal thread sleeves (7) and the annular cylinder (2), two vertical threaded rods (8) are symmetrically arranged in the annular cylinder (2), the lower section of each threaded rod (8) is provided with a thread, the upper section of each threaded rod is a polished rod, and each threaded rod (8) sequentially penetrates through the internal thread sleeves (7) on the same side; the upper end of each internal thread sleeve (7) is fixedly provided with a first gear (9) located above the annular cylinder (2), the outer edge of the paving disc (5) is coaxially fixed with an outer gear ring (10), the first gear (9) is meshed with the outer gear ring (10), a non-rotatable second gear (11) is fixed in the side wall of the annular cylinder (2), when the paving disc (5) is not loaded, the outer gear ring (10) is higher than the second gear (11), the paving disc (5) compresses the first spring (6) to move downwards along with the increase of the load of the paving disc (5), and finally the outer gear ring (10) is meshed with the second gear (11); a feed inlet (12) is formed in the middle of the side wall of the drying cylinder (1), a plurality of groups of paving units are located below the feed inlet (12) before feeding, the upper end of the threaded section of the threaded rod (8) is higher than the feed inlet (12), a conveyor belt (13) is arranged in the feed inlet (12), and mushrooms to be dried are conveyed into the drying cylinder (1) through the feed inlet (12) by the conveyor belt (13) and fall onto a paving disc (5) below; the bottom of the drying cylinder (1) is provided with a gas inlet (14), and the top is provided with gas outlets (1) and (5).

2. The mushroom drying device according to claim 1, wherein a paving brush (16) is arranged above each paving disc (5), and the paving brushes (16) are fixed on the annular cylinder (2) through fixing rods (17).

3. The mushroom drying device according to claim 2, wherein the distance between the outer end of the paving brush (16) and the paving disc (5) is smaller than the distance between the inner end of the paving brush and the paving disc (5), and the mesh density of the central area of the paving disc (5) is larger than that of the outer edge area of the paving brush.

4. The mushroom drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner wall of a drying cylinder (1) on be equipped with spacing unit, spacing unit includes bolt (18), second spring (19) and pin (20) of the coaxial setting of level, bolt (18) adorn soon on drying cylinder (1) lateral wall and link up drying cylinder (1) lateral wall, pin (20) are located drying cylinder (1), second spring (19) are connected between bolt (18) and pin (20), pin (20) are pressed and are carried out spacingly along the unit that paves on annular section of thick bamboo (2) of the superiors.

5. The mushroom drying device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the drying cylinder (1) is provided with an openable bottom plate (21), two sides of the side wall of the drying cylinder (1) are rotatably arranged on a fixed object through a horizontal rotating shaft (22), a third gear (23) is arranged on the rotating shaft (22), the third gear (23) is engaged with a fourth gear (24), and the fourth gear (24) is connected with a first driving motor (25).

6. The mushroom drying device according to claim 1, wherein the upper ends of the two threaded rods (8) extend out of the drying drum (1), a second driving motor (26) is arranged at the top of the drying drum (1), and a belt mechanism (27) is arranged between each threaded rod (8) and the second driving motor (26).

7. The mushroom drying device according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower ends of the internal thread sleeve (7) are provided with a limiting plate (28).

8. Shiitake mushroom drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the inner threaded sleeve (7) is provided with a guiding bevel (29).