CN115044860B - Carburizing, quenching and bending deformation control method for large-scale slender gear shaft - Google Patents
Carburizing, quenching and bending deformation control method for large-scale slender gear shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN115044860B CN115044860B CN202210652909.XA CN202210652909A CN115044860B CN 115044860 B CN115044860 B CN 115044860B CN 202210652909 A CN202210652909 A CN 202210652909A CN 115044860 B CN115044860 B CN 115044860B
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- bending deformation
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000006032 tissue transformation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/44—Carburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
- C23C8/64—Carburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a carburizing, quenching and bending deformation control method for a large-sized slender gear shaft, which comprises 7 steps, namely rough machining, stress relief treatment, semi-finish turning of each excircle, hobbing, carburizing treatment, straightening and quenching treatment and low-temperature tempering treatment, wherein during quenching and tire mounting, the middle part of the outer convex side of the gear shaft is abutted against a supporting piece, and the structural transformation difference caused by the cooling difference of two sides in the quenching process of the gear shaft is utilized to reduce or correct the bending deformation of the large-sized gear shaft after the quenching of the part; meanwhile, the quenching temperature (10 ℃ to 15 ℃ lower than the normal quenching temperature) and the nitrate water content (0.3 to 0.5 percent lower than the normal quenching nitrate water content) are properly reduced, so that the integral deformation of the part is reduced, and the gear shaft straightening is also facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment, in particular to a carburizing, quenching and bending deformation control method for a large-sized slender gear shaft.
Background
The gear shaft has different degrees of bending deformation after carburizing and quenching by heat treatment, so that the carburizing and quenching bending deformation is effectively reduced, the product quality is improved, the non-uniformity of the machining amount after carburizing and quenching can be reduced, and the machining stress and the machining cost are reduced. The control method for the carburizing, quenching and bending deformation of the gear shaft in the prior art mainly comprises three steps: 1) The machining allowance of the gear shaft tooth part and each excircle is increased as much as possible; 2) Mechanical correction is adopted after carburizing and quenching of the gear shaft; 3) And (3) correcting the gear shaft by high-temperature press quenching after carburizing and quenching.
The three above-mentioned prior art techniques have the following drawbacks, respectively: 1) The machining amount after carburizing and quenching is very large, and if the machining amount of the tooth part is too large, serious quality hidden troubles such as insufficient effective hardening layer depth, insufficient tooth surface hardness and the like possibly exist after the machining amount is large; if the processing amount of the outer circle is too large, the outer circle is possibly insufficient in amount, a finished product cannot be processed, or the processing amount is seriously uneven, so that the processing stress is too large, and the processing precision cannot meet the requirement; 2) The method is only suitable for small gear shaft parts, and for large gear shafts, the pressure and the size specification of correction equipment are limited, and the large gear shaft parts are easier to crack during mechanical correction, so that quality risks exist; 3) The method is suitable for correcting carburized and quenched parts of large gear shafts, but special tools are required to be designed, and the distance between the parts and a supporting platform is required to be accurately calculated, but the distance is influenced by the flatness of the furnace bottom, the flatness and strength of a base or the tools, so that correction errors are large, the correction period is long, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems that in the prior art, after carburization and quenching of a gear shaft, bending deformation of the gear shaft is corrected by adopting high-temperature press quenching, a special tool is required to be designed, the correction period is long and the cost is high, the carburization and quenching bending deformation control method for the large-scale slender gear shaft is provided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a carburized quenching bending deformation control method for a large-sized slender gear shaft, which comprises the following steps:
s1: rough machining a gear shaft;
s2: carrying out stress relief treatment on the gear shaft after rough machining;
s3: semi-finish turning each outer circle, and reserving certain machining quantity;
s4: hobbing, reserving tooth surface grinding allowance;
s5: performing carburization, detecting the bending deformation direction of the gear shaft after carburization, and marking a low recess in the middle of the gear shaft;
s6: the gear shaft is vertically clamped on a mould, a supporting piece is arranged on the mould, the supporting piece is propped against the other side of the gear shaft opposite to the mark, the mould, the supporting piece and the gear shaft are integrally hung into a quenching furnace for heat preservation, and then nitrate quenching salt is integrally hung out;
s7: and (5) carrying out low-temperature tempering and stress relieving treatment after quenching.
According to the invention, when the tire is assembled by quenching, the middle part of the outer convex side of the gear shaft is abutted against the supporting piece, so that the middle part of the gear shaft is restrained, and the quenching deformation of the area is reduced; in the quenching cooling process, the cooling speed of the concave side of the gear shaft is higher than that of the convex side, the middle tissue of the concave side is firstly transformed from austenite to martensite, the specific volume is increased, the concave side is in an expansion trend, the cooling speed of the convex side is slower, the tissue transformation is not easy to happen, the yield strength is lower at high temperature, the tissue stress of the concave side is larger than that of the convex side, one side of the gear axial support piece is bent and deformed, and the deformation of the gear shaft before quenching cooling is compensated; as the temperature continues to decrease, the outer convex side is subjected to tissue transformation, the volume expands, but the inner concave side is subjected to tissue transformation, and is in a low-temperature state, so that the yield strength is high, the stress of the tissue transformation of the outer convex side is smaller than the yield strength of the inner concave side, and the stress is insufficient to enable the gear shaft to bend and deform; therefore, through the quenching and cooling process, the bending deformation of the gear shaft in the heat treatment process is effectively controlled, compared with the prior art that the bending deformation of the gear shaft is corrected by adopting high-temperature press quenching after carburizing and quenching, the special tool is required to be designed for correcting the problems of long construction period and high cost.
Further, the mould includes base and jib, the jib is vertical to be set up, its bottom with the base middle part is connected, be equipped with on the jib in proper order along the direction of height and be used for fixing first separate frame and the second that separates the gear shaft separate the frame, be equipped with on the base and be used for supporting the bottom plate of gear shaft bottom, bind upper portion and the middle part of gear shaft with the iron wire respectively on first separate frame and second separate the frame, gear shaft bottom is placed on the bottom plate, can guarantee to fix firm, reliable.
Further, the first partition frame comprises a plurality of first partition plates, any one of the first partition plates is arranged along the radial direction of the hanging rod, the inner end of the first partition plate is connected with the hanging rod, and the plurality of first partition plates are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the hanging rod; the second partition frame comprises a plurality of second partition plates, any one of the second partition plates is arranged along the radial direction of the hanging rod, the inner end of the second partition plate is connected with the hanging rod, and the second partition plates are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the hanging rod; the first partition plate and the second partition plate are arranged vertically opposite to each other, and one gear shaft can be arranged between two adjacent first partition plates or second partition plates, so that the clamping fixture of the structure can fix a plurality of gear shafts at one time, and simultaneously carburization or quenching treatment is carried out, so that the efficiency is improved.
Further, the supporting piece is annular and sleeved on the suspender; in step S6, the supporting member abuts against the other side of the gear shaft opposite to the mark, and the annular supporting member is arranged to ensure that a plurality of gear shafts abut against at the same time, so that all gear shafts can be effectively straightened during quenching.
Further, be equipped with a plurality of on the support piece and be used for fixing the baffle of gear shaft, arbitrary the baffle is followed the support piece radially sets up, and its inner end with the support piece is connected, a plurality of the baffle is centers on the support piece circumference equipartition, binds the intermediate position of gear shaft on the baffle with the iron wire, further ensures that the gear shaft is fixed firm, reliable.
Further, the bottom plate comprises a gasket, a backing plate and a honeycomb plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the honeycomb plate is placed on the base, the upper surface area and the lower surface area of the honeycomb plate are large, and the weight of the gear shaft can be dispersed on the base; the upper surface and the lower surface of the gasket are ground and then are padded at the lower part of the gear shaft, so that the gear shaft is stably supported; the backing plate is used for adjusting the height of the gear shaft, and the number of the backing plates can be increased or decreased according to the length of the gear shaft.
Further, in step S5, during carburizing, the clamping fixture is used to clamp the gear shaft, and during carburizing and quenching, the same clamping fixture is used, so that tooling cost is saved.
In step S6, the gear shaft is first heated to the quenching temperature of 800-820 ℃ after being heated to 400 ℃ ± 30 ℃ and 650 ℃ ± 30 ℃ in a sectional manner, and then is cooled by quenching after being kept for a preset period of time, the quenching temperature is reduced by 10-15 ℃ compared with the normal quenching temperature, and the cooling effect is weaker than that of the normal case, the integral deformation of the gear shaft is smaller, and the gear shaft is favorable for straightening.
Further, in step S6, the water content of the nitrate is 1% ± 0.1%, the water content of the nitrate is reduced by 0.3% -0.5% compared with the water content of the normal quenching nitrate, the cooling effect is weaker than that of the normal quenching nitrate, and the overall deformation of the gear shaft is smaller, so that the gear shaft is straightened.
Further, in step S7, after quenching, two low-temperature tempering and stress relieving treatments are performed, wherein the tempering temperature is 200 ℃ ± 20 ℃, and the stress can be fully eliminated at the temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the structure transformation difference caused by the cooling difference of two sides in the quenching process of the large gear shaft to reduce or correct the bending deformation of the large gear shaft after the part is quenched, does not need to design a special tool, has short correction period and lower cost; the quenching temperature (10 ℃ to 15 ℃ lower than the normal quenching temperature) and the nitrate water content (0.3 to 0.5 percent lower than the normal quenching nitrate water content) are properly reduced, so that the whole deformation of the part is reduced, and the straightening of the gear shaft is facilitated.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the gear shaft and mold during carburization;
fig. 3 is a top view of the gear shaft, mold and support during quenching.
The marks in the figure: 1-suspender, 2-base, 3-first separating frame, 4-second separating frame, 5-support piece, 6-gear shaft, 7-packing ring, 8-backing plate, 9-honeycomb panel, 10-baffle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides a carburizing, quenching, bending and deforming control method for a large-scale slender gear shaft, which comprises the following steps:
s1: rough machining of the gear shaft 6;
s2: carrying out stress relief treatment on the gear shaft 6 after rough machining;
specifically, stress relief treatment is carried out before carburization and after rough machining, machining stress before heat treatment is fully eliminated, and the problem that tissue stress and heat stress superposition increase deformation in the heat treatment process are released in the heat treatment heating process is avoided;
s3: semi-finish turning each outer circle, and reserving certain machining quantity;
s4: hobbing, reserving tooth surface grinding allowance;
specifically, because the part is slender, the bending process in the carburizing and quenching process can not be performed in the finish turning and gear grinding processes, the bending condition of the journal is estimated before heat treatment, cold and hot processing is matched, the journal amount is reasonably estimated, and the reserved grinding amount of the tooth surface is reasonably estimated according to experience;
s5: performing carburization, detecting the bending deformation direction of the gear shaft 6 after carburization, and marking a low recess in the middle of the gear shaft 6;
s6: the gear shaft 6 is vertically clamped on the mould, the supporting piece 5 is arranged on the mould, the supporting piece 5 is propped against the other side of the gear shaft 6 opposite to the mark, the mould, the supporting piece 5 and the gear shaft 6 are integrally hung into a quenching furnace for heat preservation, and then the nitrate quenching salt is integrally hung;
specifically, the clamping fixture comprises a base 2 and a suspender 1, wherein the suspender 1 is vertically arranged, the bottom of the suspender 1 is connected with the middle part of the base 2, a first separation frame 3 and a second separation frame 4 for fixing a gear shaft 6 are sequentially arranged on the suspender 1 along the height direction, and a bottom plate for supporting the bottom of the gear shaft 6 is arranged on the base 2; the first partition frame 3 comprises a plurality of first partition plates, any one of the first partition plates is arranged along the radial direction of the boom 1, the inner end of the first partition plate is connected with the boom 1, and the first partition plates are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the boom 1; the second partition frame 4 comprises a plurality of second partition plates, any second partition plate is arranged along the radial direction of the suspender 1, the inner end of the second partition plate is connected with the suspender 1, and the plurality of second partition plates are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the suspender 1; the first partition board and the second partition board are arranged vertically and oppositely; the bottom plate comprises a gasket 7, a backing plate 8 and a honeycomb plate 9 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom;
in the step S5, during carburizing treatment, clamping the gear shaft 6 by using a clamping fixture; specifically, when carburizing and tyre mounting are carried out, the gear shaft 6 is vertically clamped and is far away from the suspender 1, so that all parts of the gear shaft 6 are uniformly heated, and the middle upper ends of the gear shaft 6 are respectively bound on the second partition frame 4 and the first partition frame 3 by iron wires, so that toppling is prevented and constraint is carried out; the sectional heating is adopted, the heating speed is reduced, the sections of the gear shaft 6 are uniformly heated as much as possible, and the deformation caused by uneven heating is reduced;
the supporting piece 5 is annular and sleeved on the suspender 1; the support 5 is abutted against the other side of the gear shaft 6 opposite to the mark; the support 5 is provided with a plurality of partition boards 10 for fixing the gear shaft 6, any partition board 10 is radially arranged along the support 5, the inner end of the partition board is connected with the support 5, and the plurality of partition boards 10 are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the support 5;
specifically, when quenching and mounting the tire, the gear shaft 6 is vertically clamped, the tire is re-mounted during quenching according to the bending deformation condition detected after carburizing and air cooling, the middle low (concave) point is outwards, and the middle upper end is respectively bound on the second separation frame 4 and the first separation frame 3 by iron wires, so that the tire is prevented from falling and is restrained; the middle part is added with a supporting piece 5 and is abutted against the gear shaft 6 so as to slow down the cooling capacity of the part during quenching; after the tire is assembled, the tire is lifted for multiple times, and the loose or uneven part is supported again in an auxiliary manner, so that the tire is ensured to be assembled stably and vertically;
the control is carried out in the quenching process, and the nitrate is stirred before the mould, the supporting piece 5 and the gear shaft 6 are integrally suspended in the nitrate and after the whole is completely immersed in the nitrate; the gear shaft 6 is firstly subjected to sectional temperature rising and homogenizing at 400+/-30 ℃ and 650+/-30 ℃ in a quenching furnace, then is heated to the quenching temperature of 800 ℃ -820 ℃, and is subjected to quenching cooling after being subjected to heat preservation for a preset period of time; the water content of the nitrate is 1% +/-0.1%;
s7: quenching and then carrying out low-temperature tempering and stress relieving treatment;
specifically, the quenching is followed by two low-temperature tempering and stress relief treatments, wherein the tempering temperature is 200+/-20 ℃.
According to the invention, when the tire is assembled by quenching, the middle part of the outer convex side of the gear shaft is abutted against the supporting piece, so that the middle part of the gear shaft is restrained, and the quenching deformation of the area is reduced; in the quenching cooling process, the cooling speed of the concave side of the gear shaft is higher than that of the convex side, the middle tissue of the concave side is firstly transformed from austenite to martensite, the specific volume is increased, the concave side is in an expansion trend, the cooling speed of the convex side is slower, the tissue transformation is not easy to happen, the yield strength is lower at high temperature, the tissue stress of the concave side is larger than that of the convex side, one side of the gear axial support piece is bent and deformed, and the deformation of the gear shaft before quenching cooling is compensated; as the temperature continues to decrease, the outer convex side is subjected to tissue transformation, the volume expands, but the inner concave side is subjected to tissue transformation, and is in a low-temperature state, so that the yield strength is high, the stress of the tissue transformation of the outer convex side is smaller than the yield strength of the inner concave side, and the stress is insufficient to enable the gear shaft to bend and deform; therefore, through the quenching and cooling process, the bending deformation of the gear shaft in the heat treatment process is effectively controlled, compared with the prior art that the bending deformation of the gear shaft is corrected by adopting high-temperature press quenching after carburizing and quenching, a special tool is required to be designed for correcting the problems of long construction period and high cost; meanwhile, the quenching temperature (10 ℃ to 15 ℃ lower than the normal quenching temperature) and the nitrate water content (0.3 to 0.5 percent lower than the normal quenching nitrate water content) are properly reduced, so that the whole deformation of the part is reduced, and the straightening of the gear shaft is facilitated.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The carburization quenching bending deformation control method for the large-scale slender gear shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: rough machining of the gear shaft (6);
s2: carrying out stress relief treatment on the gear shaft (6) after rough machining;
s3: semi-finish turning each outer circle, and reserving certain machining quantity;
s4: hobbing, reserving tooth surface grinding allowance;
s5: performing carburization, detecting the bending deformation direction of the gear shaft (6) after carburization, and marking a low recess in the middle of the gear shaft (6);
s6: the gear shaft (6) is vertically clamped on a mould, a supporting piece (5) is arranged on the mould, the supporting piece (5) is propped against the other side of the gear shaft (6) opposite to the mark, the mould, the supporting piece (5) and the gear shaft (6) are integrally hung into a quenching furnace for heat preservation, and then nitrate is integrally hung out;
s7: quenching and then carrying out low-temperature tempering and stress relieving treatment;
the clamping fixture comprises a base (2) and a suspender (1), wherein the suspender (1) is vertically arranged, the bottom of the suspender is connected with the middle of the base (2), a first separation frame (3) and a second separation frame (4) for fixing the gear shaft (6) are sequentially arranged on the suspender (1) along the height direction, and a bottom plate for supporting the bottom of the gear shaft (6) is arranged on the base (2);
the first partition frame (3) comprises a plurality of first partition plates, any one of the first partition plates is arranged along the radial direction of the hanging rod (1), the inner end of the first partition plate is connected with the hanging rod (1), and the first partition plates are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the hanging rod (1); the second partition frame (4) comprises a plurality of second partition plates, any one of the second partition plates is radially arranged along the suspender (1), the inner end of the second partition plate is connected with the suspender (1), and the second partition plates are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the suspender (1); the first partition plate and the second partition plate are arranged vertically opposite to each other;
the supporting piece (5) is annular and sleeved on the suspender (1); in step S6, the support (5) abuts against the other side of the gear shaft (6) opposite to the marking.
2. The carburizing, quenching and bending deformation control method for the large-sized slender gear shaft according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of partition plates (10) for fixing the gear shaft (6) are arranged on the supporting piece (5), any partition plate (10) is arranged along the radial direction of the supporting piece (5), the inner end of the partition plate is connected with the supporting piece (5), and the plurality of partition plates (10) are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the supporting piece (5).
3. The carburizing and quenching bending deformation control method of a large-sized elongated gear shaft according to claim 1, wherein the bottom plate comprises a gasket (7), a backing plate (8) and a honeycomb plate (9) which are arranged in this order from top to bottom.
4. The method for controlling carburizing, quenching, bending and deforming of a large elongated gear shaft according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the gear shaft (6) is clamped by using the mold during carburizing treatment.
5. The method for controlling carburizing, quenching and bending deformation of a large-sized slender gear shaft according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the gear shaft (6) is subjected to sectional temperature rising and homogenizing at 400 ℃ +/-30 ℃ and 650 ℃ +/-30 ℃ in the quenching furnace, then is heated to a quenching temperature of 800 ℃ -820 ℃, and is subjected to quenching cooling after being kept for a preset period of time.
6. The method for controlling carburizing and quenching bending deformation of a large elongated gear shaft according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the water content of the nitrate salt is 1% ± 0.1%.
7. The method for controlling carburizing, quenching and bending deformation of a large-sized elongated gear shaft according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the low-temperature tempering and stress-relieving treatment is performed twice after quenching, and the tempering temperature is 200 ℃ ± 20 ℃.
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