CN115037393B - Super-large-scale MIMO wireless channel measurement method under multi-scene multi-antenna configuration - Google Patents
Super-large-scale MIMO wireless channel measurement method under multi-scene multi-antenna configuration Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring a super-large-scale MIMO wireless channel under multi-scene multi-antenna configuration, which comprises the following steps: selecting a transmitting end measurement scene; selecting a receiving end antenna array configuration; setting a transmitting end wireless channel detector to transmit signals; setting a receiving end wireless channel detector to collect signals; acquiring measurement data; analyzing the characteristics of the wireless channel; the existing ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel measurement often adopts a virtual antenna array, and the measurement scene and the antenna configuration are single, so that the reliability of wireless channel characteristic analysis is limited; the wireless channel measurement method established by the invention supports the application of the antenna array configuration of the extended transmitting end to the measurement of the multi-scene wireless channel; supporting the configuration of an antenna array of an extended receiving end; the ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel measurement method is enriched; the analysis of the wireless channel measurement result based on the invention has guiding significance for ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel measurement, base station antenna array deployment and system performance analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of large-scale MIMO wireless channel measurement, in particular to a method for measuring a super-large-scale MIMO wireless channel under multi-scene multi-antenna configuration.
Background
The 6G mobile communication system is based on large bandwidth, mass connection and ultra-low time delay of a Fifth Generation (5G) mobile communication system, so that mobile interconnection is deepened continuously, everything interconnection is expanded, and everything intelligent connection is realized finally. Super-large-scale MIMO is one of the key technologies of 6G, can well improve energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency, and needs to be studied in depth.
The ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel is used as a bridge of the ultra-large-scale MIMO communication system, and is very important to the influence of the ultra-large-scale MIMO system performance. For this reason, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of the radio channel of the ultra-large-scale antenna. Under the condition of single user, for a super-large-scale MIMO antenna array, the number of the antennas is large, so that the size of the antennas is large, and the distance between a receiving end, a transmitting end, a cluster and a receiving end is often smaller than the Rayleigh distance 2L 2 Wherein L is the size of the antenna array and lambda is the carrier wavelength, which is consideredSpherical wave effect. It should be noted here that rayleigh distances are used as the dividing boundary of the near field, spherical wave characteristics are considered for smaller rayleigh distances, and plane wave hypotheses may be used for larger rayleigh distances. In addition, the larger array size makes the environments of different antenna units not identical, so that each antenna unit on the array axis can observe different clusters, which is reflected in the non-stationary characteristic of the airspace. Under the condition of multiple users, when the number of the base station side antennas is far larger than the number of the users, increasing the number of the base station antennas can lead to the reduction of the correlation among the users, namely the enhancement of the vector orthogonality of the wireless channels of the users, and the phenomenon of channel hardening is brought, and under the condition, the robustness of the system can be increased, and the performance of the system is improved.
Ultra-large-scale MIMO radio channel measurements are the basis for analyzing radio channel characteristics. Different antenna array configurations and different measurement scenarios have a corresponding impact on the radio channel characteristics. Current research on ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel measurement and characteristic analysis is mainly focused on virtual antenna arrays. And the characteristic analysis of the ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel is not comprehensive, and the evaluation of the system performance is less researched. Therefore, the research on the ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel measurement method under the multi-scene multi-antenna configuration has important practical significance for the ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel characteristic analysis, the communication system design and the performance analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for measuring a super-large-scale MIMO wireless channel under a multi-scenario multi-antenna configuration, which supports the application of an extended transmitting antenna array configuration to multi-scenario wireless channel measurement: the method comprises single-user and multi-user wireless channel measurement scenes; support extended receive antenna array configuration: comprises a uniform linear array (Uniform Linear Array, ULA) and a distributed uniform linear array (Distributed Uniform Linear Array, DULA); the method can well verify the spherical wave characteristic, the airspace non-stationary characteristic and the channel hardening characteristic of the ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel characteristic, and can well evaluate the system performance through the analysis of the capacity of a multi-user multiple access channel (Multiple Access Channel, MAC) and the capacity of an interference channel (Interference Channel, IC).
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for ultra-large scale MIMO wireless channel measurement in a multi-scenario, multi-antenna configuration, the method comprising:
step S1, configuring a measurement scene of a transmitting end, wherein the method comprises the following steps: setting a plurality of measuring routes, wherein each measuring route is provided with a plurality of measuring position points; setting a specific user configuration mode for each measurement position point, setting a plurality of omnidirectional single antennas which are arranged in a straight line at a transmitting end when the measurement position points are set as single users, and setting a plurality of omnidirectional antennas which are arranged in any shape at the transmitting end when the measurement position points are set as multiple users;
step S2, configuring a receiving end antenna array, which includes: firstly, a large-scale MIMO antenna array is arranged at a receiving end, and the large-scale MIMO antenna array is uniformly arranged along a horizontal dimension; then, aiming at the large-scale MIMO antenna array, dividing the large-scale MIMO antenna array into a plurality of subarrays along the horizontal dimension, and pulling the distances between the subarrays by the same length;
s3, setting a wireless channel detector transmitting signal at a transmitting end and collecting the transmitting signal at a receiving end;
and step S4, saving the measurement data acquired at the receiving end, obtaining wireless channel impulse response according to the measurement data, and analyzing the wireless channel characteristics according to the wireless channel impulse response.
Further, the step S1 includes:
step S101, setting 4 measuring routes, setting a plurality of measuring position points on each route, distinguishing the measuring position points through serial numbers, and classifying LOS and NLOS scenes on each position point;
step S102, when a measurement scene is determined to be configured by a single user, 8 omnidirectional single antennas are arranged at a transmitting end and are arranged in a straight line, the interval between adjacent antennas is 5cm, and horizontal polarization and vertical polarization are arranged at intervals;
step S103, when the measurement scene is determined to be multi-user configuration, if the measurement scene is 4 users, 4 omnidirectional antennas contained in each user are respectively positioned at 4 vertexes of a planar square antenna array; each side of the square is 5cm in length, so that the horizontal and vertical intervals of adjacent antennas are 5cm; one diagonal antenna has a horizontal polarization and the other diagonal antenna has a vertical polarization.
Further, the step S2 includes:
step S201, a 128×8 large-scale MIMO antenna array is arranged at a receiving end and uniformly arranged along a horizontal dimension, so that the interval between adjacent antenna units is 0.6 wavelength and the frequency band is 5.3GHz; wherein 8 antenna units in the vertical direction share one radio frequency channel, so that beams in the vertical direction are narrowed, the beam width in the horizontal direction is 85 DEG + -4 DEG, the beam width in the vertical direction is 12 DEG + -2 DEG, and the overall array size is 4.3m multiplied by 0.36m;
step S202, dividing the 128×8 massive MIMO antenna array into 8 subarrays along the horizontal dimension, wherein 16 antenna units in each subarray are uniformly arranged, and the distance between adjacent antenna units is 0.6 wavelength; the next adjacent subarrays were then separated by a spacing of 0.4m, and the overall array size was 7.2m by 0.36m.
Further, in the step S3, the setting a wireless channel detector at the transmitting end to transmit signals includes:
step S311, for the control software of the transmitting end, the following settings are performed: the frequency is 5.3GHz, the bandwidth is 160MHz, and a pre-designed transmission signal pseudo-noise sequence is selected and transmitted;
step S312, transmitting signals at all the measurement position points;
step S313, determining the working state of the GPS antenna at the transmitting end in the process of transmitting signals, wherein the accuracy of the rubidium clock is required to be ensured to be more than 10 -13 s；
Step S314, a plurality of pedestrians are set to walk at the transmitting end so as to simulate user side interference.
Further, in the step S3, the step of collecting the transmission signal at the receiving end specifically includes:
step S321, turning on the receiver, and at the receiving end, the control software performs the following settings: the frequency is 5.3GHz, the bandwidth is 160MHz, the data acquisition time is 5s, and data acquisition is started;
step S322, data are collected at correct measurement points, and start signals and end signals of the measurement data are determined;
step S323, determining the working state of the GPS antenna of the receiving end in the measuring process, and ensuring that the precision of the rubidium clock is more than 10 -13 s。
Step S324, acquire measurement data.
Further, in the step S4, when saving the measurement data, the data obtained by distinguishing between different measurement positions is saved.
Further, in the step S4, the radio channel characteristics are analyzed by the following method:
the spherical wave characteristic, the airspace non-stationary characteristic, the channel hardening characteristic and the system performance of the ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel are respectively verified and evaluated through the change of the arrival angle of the line-of-sight path along the array, the change of the root mean square delay spread along the array and the change of the vector scalar product of the user wireless channel along with the number of antennas and the change of the multiuser multiple access channel capacity and the interference channel capacity along with the signal to noise ratio.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, wireless channel measurement is carried out through the actual ultra-large-scale MIMO antenna array, and the antenna configuration of a transmitting end can be expanded so as to bring about selection of single-user and multi-user wireless channel measurement scenes; expanding the antenna array configuration of the receiving end so as to bring about the selection of a uniform linear array and a distributed uniform linear array; the method has guiding significance for the deployment of the antenna array of the base station of the ultra-large-scale MIMO communication system and the analysis of the system performance by carrying out the analysis of the wireless channel characteristics and the system performance evaluation on the measurement data.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring a super-large-scale MIMO wireless channel in a multi-scenario multi-antenna configuration provided in embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a scene diagram of performing a very large scale MIMO wireless channel measurement in embodiment 1;
fig. 3 is a scene diagram of performing ultra-large-scale MIMO single-user wireless channel measurement in embodiment 1;
fig. 4 is a scenario diagram of performing a super-large-scale MIMO multi-user wireless channel measurement in embodiment 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a super-large MIMO receiver antenna array in embodiment 1;
fig. 6 is a variation of the Line-of-Sight (LOS) arrival angle along the array for the super-MIMO Line of Sight path of example 1;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the variation of root mean square delay spread along an array for a LOS environment and a Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) environment for very large scale MIMO of example 1;
fig. 8 is a graph showing the scalar product of the vector of the user radio channel of the super-MIMO in embodiment 1 as a function of the number of antennas;
fig. 9 shows the variation of the capacity of the ultra-large-scale MIMO multi-user multiple access channel and the capacity of the interference channel with the signal-to-noise ratio in embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the present embodiment provides a method for measuring a super-large-scale MIMO wireless channel in a multi-scenario multi-antenna configuration, where the flow of the method is shown in fig. 1, and the method specifically includes:
s1, selecting a transmitting end measurement scene;
specifically, in the present embodiment, this step S1 includes the steps of:
in step S101, referring to fig. 2, 4 measurement routes (Route) are planned in total, each Route is planned with measurement location points (positions) with different serial numbers, and LOS and NLOS scenes are classified according to actual environments for the location points, with asterisks marked as LOS environments and circles marked as NLOS environments.
Step S102, as shown in FIG. 3, when the measurement scene is determined to be in single-user configuration, arranging 8 omnidirectional single antennas at a transmitting end in a straight line, wherein the interval between adjacent antennas is 5cm, and arranging horizontal polarization and vertical polarization at intervals;
in step S103, as shown in fig. 4, when the measurement scenario is determined to be multi-user configuration, taking 4 users as an example, 4 omni-directional antennas contained in each user are respectively located at 4 vertices of the planar square antenna array. Each side of the square is 5cm in length, so that the horizontal and vertical intervals of adjacent antennas are 5cm, in addition, one diagonal antenna is horizontally polarized, and the other diagonal antenna is vertically polarized. The distribution position of the 4 users is also at the four vertexes of a square with the transmitting end as the center.
Step S2, configuring a receiving antenna array, as shown in fig. 5, specifically includes:
specifically, in the present embodiment, step S2 includes the steps of:
in step S201, the receiving end 128×8 massive MIMO antenna arrays are uniformly arranged along the horizontal dimension, so that the spacing between adjacent antenna units is 0.6 wavelength, and it should be noted that the frequency band adopted here is 5.3GHz. The 8 antenna elements in the vertical direction share one radio frequency channel so that the beam in the vertical direction is narrowed, and therefore, the beam width in the horizontal direction is 85++4°, the beam width in the vertical direction is 12++2°, and furthermore, the entire array size is 4.3m×0.36m;
in step S202, the receiving end 128×8 massive MIMO antenna array is divided into 8 subarrays along the horizontal dimension, 16 antenna units in each subarray are uniformly arranged, the spacing between adjacent antenna units is 0.6 wavelength, and it should be noted that the frequency band adopted in this method is 5.3GHz. The spacing between adjacent subarrays is 0.4m. Also, 8 antenna elements in the vertical direction share one radio frequency channel so that the beam in the vertical direction is narrowed, and thus, the beam width in the horizontal direction is still 85 ° ± 4 °, the beam width in the vertical direction is still 12 ° ± 2 °, and furthermore, the entire array size becomes 7.2m×0.36m.
S3, setting a transmitting end wireless channel detector to transmit signals;
specifically, in the present embodiment, step S3 includes the steps of:
step S301, setting the frequency of transmitting end control software to be 5.3GHz, the bandwidth to be 160MHz, selecting a pre-designed transmitting signal Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence and transmitting signals;
step S302, data are collected at correct measurement points, and a sender informs a receiver of the current measurement position point of the sender through an interphone and the sender completes signal transmission;
step S303, determining the working state of the GPS antenna of the transmitting end in the process of transmitting signals, and ensuring that the precision of the rubidium clock is more than 10 -13 s；
Step S304, 1-2 pedestrians walk at the transmitting end in the measuring process to simulate user side interference.
S4, setting a receiving end wireless channel detector to collect signals;
specifically, in the present embodiment, step S4 includes the steps of:
step S401, starting the receiver, setting the 5.3GHz of the control software of the receiving end, the bandwidth of 160MHz and the data acquisition time of 5S, and starting to acquire data;
step S402, data are collected at correct measurement points, and a start signal and an end signal of the measurement data are determined;
step S403, determining the working state of the GPS antenna of the receiving end in the measuring process, and ensuring that the precision of the rubidium clock is more than 10 -13 s。
And S5, acquiring and storing the measurement data, wherein when the measurement data are stored, different measurement positions are required to be distinguished by adopting a correct naming format.
Step S6, analyzing the wireless channel characteristics, which comprises the following steps: obtaining wireless channel impulse response according to the measured data, and further analyzing wireless channel characteristics according to the wireless channel impulse response;
specifically, in the present embodiment, the wireless channel characteristics are further analyzed by a method including:
as shown in fig. 6-9, the arrival angle of the line-of-sight path gradually drifts along the array, and the DULA angle drift range is larger than ULA, so that the spherical wave characteristics of the ultra-large-scale MIMO channel are reflected, and the spherical wave phenomenon is more obvious as the array size is larger; the root mean square delay spread fluctuates along the array, so that the airspace non-stationary characteristic of ultra-large-scale MIMO is reflected; the scalar product of the user wireless channel vector gradually becomes smaller along with the increase of the number of antennas, which shows that the correlation among users becomes smaller along with the increase of the number of ultra-large-scale MIMO antennas, and the scalar product of the user wireless channel vector of DULA is smaller than ULA, so that the channel hardening characteristic of ultra-large-scale MIMO is reflected, and the larger the array size is, the more obvious the channel hardening characteristic is under the LOS environment; in a certain signal-to-noise ratio range, the capacity of the multi-user multiple access channel is larger than that of the interference channel; the analysis respectively verifies and evaluates the spherical wave characteristics, the airspace non-stationary characteristics, the channel hardening characteristics and the system performance of the ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel.
In summary, the ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel measurement method under the multi-scenario multi-antenna configuration established by the invention can expand the antenna configuration of the transmitting end so as to bring about the selection of single-user and multi-user wireless channel measurement scenarios; expanding the antenna array configuration of the receiving end so as to bring about the selection of a uniform linear array and a distributed uniform linear array; the method has guiding significance for the deployment of the antenna array of the base station of the ultra-large-scale MIMO communication system and the analysis of the system performance by carrying out the analysis of the wireless channel characteristics and the system performance evaluation on the measurement data.
The present invention is not described in detail in the present application, and is well known to those skilled in the art.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by the person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for measuring a super-large-scale MIMO wireless channel in a multi-scenario multi-antenna configuration, the method comprising:
step S1, configuring a measurement scene of a transmitting end, wherein the method comprises the following steps: setting a plurality of measuring routes, wherein each measuring route is provided with a plurality of measuring position points; setting a specific user configuration mode for each measurement position point, setting a plurality of omnidirectional single antennas in linear arrangement at a transmitting end when the measurement position points are set as single users, and setting a plurality of omnidirectional antennas at the transmitting end when the measurement position points are set as multiple users;
step S2, configuring a receiving end antenna array, which includes: firstly, a large-scale MIMO antenna array is arranged at a receiving end, and the large-scale MIMO antenna array is uniformly arranged along a horizontal dimension; then, aiming at the large-scale MIMO antenna array, dividing the large-scale MIMO antenna array into a plurality of subarrays along the horizontal dimension, and pulling the distances between the subarrays by the same length;
s3, setting a wireless channel detector transmitting signal at a transmitting end and collecting the transmitting signal at a receiving end;
step S4, saving the measurement data acquired at the receiving end, obtaining wireless channel impulse response according to the measurement data, and analyzing wireless channel characteristics according to the wireless channel impulse response;
the step S1 includes:
step S101, setting 4 measuring routes, setting a plurality of measuring position points on each route, distinguishing the measuring position points through serial numbers, and classifying LOS and NLOS scenes on each position point;
step S102, when a measurement scene is determined to be configured by a single user, 8 omnidirectional single antennas are arranged at a transmitting end and are arranged in a straight line, the interval between adjacent antennas is 5cm, and horizontal polarization and vertical polarization are arranged at intervals;
step S103, when the measurement scene is determined to be multi-user configuration, setting the multi-user as 4 users, wherein 4 omnidirectional antennas contained in each user are respectively positioned at 4 vertexes of a planar square antenna array; each side of the square is 5cm, so that the horizontal and vertical intervals of the adjacent antennas are 5cm; wherein, the polarization mode of one diagonal antenna is horizontal polarization, and the polarization mode of the other diagonal antenna is vertical polarization;
the step S2 includes:
step S201, a 128×8 large-scale MIMO antenna array is arranged at a receiving end and uniformly arranged along a horizontal dimension, so that the interval between adjacent antenna units is 0.6 wavelength and the frequency band is 5.3GHz; wherein 8 antenna units in the vertical direction share one radio frequency channel, so that beams in the vertical direction are narrowed, the beam width in the horizontal direction is 85 degrees+/-4 degrees, the beam width in the vertical direction is 12 degrees+/-2 degrees, and the whole array size is 4.3m multiplied by 0.36m;
step S202, dividing the 128×8 massive MIMO antenna array into 8 subarrays along the horizontal dimension, wherein 16 antenna units in each subarray are uniformly arranged, and the distance between adjacent antenna units is 0.6 wavelength; the next adjacent subarrays are then separated by a spacing of 0.4m, and the overall array size becomes 7.2m ×0.36m.
2. The method for measuring a super-MIMO wireless channel in a multi-scenario, multi-antenna configuration according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the setting a wireless channel detector at the transmitting end transmits signals, which includes:
step S311, for the control software of the transmitting end, the following settings are performed: the frequency is 5.3GHz, the bandwidth is 160MHz, and a pre-designed transmission signal pseudo-noise sequence is selected and transmitted;
step S312, transmitting signals at all the measurement position points;
step S313, determining the working state of the GPS antenna at the transmitting end in the process of transmitting signals, wherein the accuracy of the rubidium clock is required to be ensured to be more than 10 -13 s；
Step S314, a plurality of pedestrians are set to walk at the transmitting end so as to simulate user side interference.
3. The method for measuring a super-MIMO wireless channel in a multi-scenario, multi-antenna configuration according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the transmitting signal is collected at the receiving end, which specifically includes:
step S321, turning on the receiver, and at the receiving end, the control software performs the following settings: the frequency is 5.3GHz, the bandwidth is 160MHz, the data acquisition time is 5s, and data acquisition is started;
step S322, data are collected at correct measurement points, and start signals and end signals of the measurement data are determined;
step S323, determining the working state of the GPS antenna of the receiving end in the measuring process, and ensuring that the precision of the rubidium clock is more than 10 -13 s；
Step S324, acquire measurement data.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the data obtained by distinguishing different measurement positions is stored when the measurement data is stored.
5. The method for measuring a super-MIMO wireless channel in a multi-scenario, multi-antenna configuration according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the wireless channel characteristics are analyzed by the following method:
the spherical wave characteristic, the airspace non-stationary characteristic and the channel hardening characteristic of the ultra-large-scale MIMO wireless channel are respectively analyzed through the change of the arrival angle of the line-of-sight path along the array, the change of the root mean square time delay spread along the array, the change of the vector scalar product of the user wireless channel along with the number of antennas, and the change of the multiuser multiple access channel capacity and the interference channel capacity along with the signal to noise ratio.
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| CN107005290A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2017-08-01 | 三星电子株式会社 | 2D active antenna array for wireless communication system is operated |
| CN111164904A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-05-15 | 索尼公司 | Electronic device, communication method, and storage medium in wireless communication system |
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