CN102917397A - Measuring device and measuring method for wireless channel on basis of phased antenna array - Google Patents
Measuring device and measuring method for wireless channel on basis of phased antenna array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置，包括远端机和近端机，远端机包括一相控阵天线阵列，而近端机则包括顺序连通的第一光端机、中频子系统、基带子系统、GPS接收机和数据管理服务器，数据管理服务器中还设置有磁盘阵列，而相控阵天线阵列则包括顺序连通的天线辐射单元、波束成形网络、射频子系统和第二光端机，第二光端机和第一光端机通过电缆连通。本发明还公开了一种利用无线信道测量装置进行无线信道测量的方法。本发明通过控制相控阵天线阵列的波束指向进行空间扫描，可以对无线信道的空域特性进行快速精确测量，同时结合无线信道测量装置的收发切换，对无线信道的空域特性进行准实时双向测量，提高了测量装置的接收灵敏度。
The invention relates to a wireless channel measurement device based on a phased array antenna array, which includes a remote unit and a near-end unit, the far-end unit includes a phased array antenna array, and the near-end unit includes sequentially connected first optical transceivers, The intermediate frequency subsystem, baseband subsystem, GPS receiver and data management server, the data management server is also equipped with a disk array, and the phased array antenna array includes sequentially connected antenna radiation units, beamforming network, radio frequency subsystem and the first The second optical transceiver is connected with the first optical transceiver through a cable. The invention also discloses a method for wireless channel measurement by using the wireless channel measurement device. The present invention controls the beam pointing of the phased array antenna array to scan space, and can quickly and accurately measure the airspace characteristics of the wireless channel, and at the same time combines the transceiver switching of the wireless channel measurement device to perform quasi-real-time two-way measurement of the airspace characteristics of the wireless channel, The receiving sensitivity of the measuring device is improved.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种信道测量装置与测量方法，尤其是涉及一种基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置与测量方法，属于无线通信技术领域。 The invention relates to a channel measurement device and a measurement method, in particular to a wireless channel measurement device and a measurement method based on a phased array antenna array, belonging to the technical field of wireless communication.
背景技术 Background technique
在无线通信系统中，无线信道是信息的传输媒介，无线信道的传播特性对系统性能有着直接的影响。在设计任何无线通信系统时，必须深入了解无线信道的传播特性，以优化系统的性能。无线信道测量是了解无线信道特征的直接途径，通过信道测量可以得到真实环境中的信道数据，包括路径损耗模型、功率延迟线、信道传递函数、均方根时延扩展、相干时间、电波的离开角和到达角，等等。在此基础上，可以对各信道参数进行统计分析，并根据分析的结果，运用合理的数学方法，建立起无线信道模型。 In a wireless communication system, the wireless channel is the transmission medium of information, and the propagation characteristics of the wireless channel have a direct impact on the system performance. When designing any wireless communication system, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the propagation characteristics of the wireless channel in order to optimize the performance of the system. Wireless channel measurement is a direct way to understand the characteristics of wireless channels. Through channel measurement, channel data in the real environment can be obtained, including path loss model, power delay line, channel transfer function, root mean square delay spread, coherence time, and departure of radio waves. angle and angle of arrival, etc. On this basis, statistical analysis can be performed on each channel parameter, and a wireless channel model can be established by using reasonable mathematical methods according to the analysis results.
为实现高数据速率、高频谱效率和高功率辐射效率等，在IMT-Advanced及未来移动通信系统中将采用无线MIMO传输技术，而MIMO系统的实际容量与电波传播的实际特性密切相关。随着通信系统的不断发展，人们渴望进一步提高系统的传输速率，除了对信道的时域、频域资源进行更加深入的开发外，开始对空域进行开发，尤其是MIMO和智能天线的引入，信道测量和建模也更加关注空间信息。对于MIMO系统而言，其信道模型除了考虑路径损耗和时延扩展等参数外，还需明确信道的空域特性，例如电波在发送天线上的离开角和接收天线上到达角，发送和接收功率在角度域的分布，相隔一定距离的天线阵元上发送或接收信号的相关性等。在实际的无线传输环境中，信道测量数据对于MIMO信道建模和容量分析等至关重要。而且，对于采用MIMO传输技术的移动通信系统的研发、部署、优化、以及系统性能分析等，信道测量结果、建模和系统容量的精确估计都将起到基础性与先导性的作用。 In order to achieve high data rate, high spectral efficiency and high power radiation efficiency, wireless MIMO transmission technology will be used in IMT-Advanced and future mobile communication systems, and the actual capacity of MIMO systems is closely related to the actual characteristics of radio wave propagation. With the continuous development of communication systems, people are eager to further increase the transmission rate of the system. In addition to more in-depth development of time domain and frequency domain resources of the channel, the development of the air domain, especially the introduction of MIMO and smart antennas, channel Measurement and modeling also pay more attention to spatial information. For the MIMO system, in addition to considering parameters such as path loss and delay spread, the channel model also needs to clarify the spatial characteristics of the channel, such as the departure angle of the radio wave on the transmitting antenna and the arrival angle on the receiving antenna, and the transmission and reception power in The distribution of the angle domain, the correlation of the transmitted or received signals on the antenna array elements separated by a certain distance, etc. In the actual wireless transmission environment, channel measurement data is crucial for MIMO channel modeling and capacity analysis. Moreover, for the research and development, deployment, optimization, and system performance analysis of mobile communication systems using MIMO transmission technology, channel measurement results, modeling, and accurate estimation of system capacity will play a fundamental and leading role.
目前通过实验获取信道空域特性信息的方法主要有高增益定向天线扫描和阵列结合高分辨率DOA算法，前者的原理直观易懂，利用高增益窄波束天线在0~360°的范围内扫描，从而直接获取来波功率在角度上的分布，缺点是直接测量得到的结果受天线方向图影响较大，并且窄波束定向天线的尺寸会比较大，给制作和实验带来一些不便，实际测量时需要采用机械旋转的方式进行空间扫描，速度受限，对于时变特性明显的信道测量结果准确度下降；后者的好处在于精度高，但缺点是整个系统制作复杂，算法与测试天线阵列的形式直接相关，整个系统的校准需要很大的工作量，并且后续处理计算量大。 At present, the methods of obtaining channel space characteristic information through experiments mainly include high-gain directional antenna scanning and array combined with high-resolution DOA algorithm. Directly obtain the distribution of incoming wave power in angle. The disadvantage is that the results obtained by direct measurement are greatly affected by the antenna pattern, and the size of the narrow beam directional antenna will be relatively large, which will bring some inconvenience to the production and experiment. Using mechanical rotation for space scanning, the speed is limited, and the accuracy of channel measurement results with obvious time-varying characteristics decreases; the advantage of the latter is that it has high precision, but the disadvantage is that the entire system is complicated to manufacture, and the algorithm is directly related to the form of the test antenna array. Related, the calibration of the entire system requires a large workload, and the subsequent processing is computationally intensive.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
发明目的：本发明为了提高无线信道的空域角度扩散特性测量的准确性和有效性，提供一种基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置与测量方法。 Purpose of the invention: The present invention provides a wireless channel measurement device and measurement method based on a phased array antenna array in order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the measurement of the spatial angle dispersion characteristics of the wireless channel.
技术方案：一种基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置，其特征在于，包括远端机和近端机，所述的远端机包括一相控阵天线阵列，而所述的近端机则包括顺序连通的第一光端机、中频子系统、基带子系统、GPS接收机和数据管理服务器，所述的数据管理服务器中还设置有磁盘阵列，而所述的相控阵天线阵列则包括顺序连通的天线辐射单元、波束成形网络、射频子系统和第二光端机，所述的第二光端机和第一光端机通过电缆连通，其中，数据管理服务器用于记录测量的数据，并对部分参数进行实时观测和结果显示，而GPS（全球定位系统）接收机用于提供高稳定度的基准频率、基准定时，以及当前的经纬度和移动速度等信息。 Technical solution: a wireless channel measurement device based on a phased array antenna array, characterized in that it includes a remote machine and a near-end machine, the remote machine includes a phased array antenna array, and the near-end The machine then includes the first optical transceiver connected in sequence, the intermediate frequency subsystem, the baseband subsystem, the GPS receiver and the data management server, the disk array is also arranged in the described data management server, and the described phased array antenna array then includes An antenna radiating unit, a beamforming network, a radio frequency subsystem, and a second optical transceiver connected in sequence, the second optical transceiver and the first optical transceiver are connected through a cable, wherein the data management server is used to record the measured data and perform some parameters Real-time observation and result display, while GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver is used to provide high stability reference frequency, reference timing, and current latitude and longitude and moving speed and other information.
进一步，所述的GPS接收机包含GPS驯服铷原子钟，为测量系统提供精确的定位和定时信息。 Further, the GPS receiver includes a GPS tame rubidium atomic clock to provide accurate positioning and timing information for the measurement system.
一种利用上述的基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置进行无线信道测量的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤： A kind of method that utilizes above-mentioned wireless channel measurement device based on phased array antenna array to carry out wireless channel measurement, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
（1）设定发射端的相控阵天线阵列的波束指向； (1) Set the beam pointing of the phased array antenna array at the transmitter;
（2）设定接收端的相控阵天线阵列的波束指向； (2) Set the beam pointing of the phased array antenna array at the receiving end;
（3）利用基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置进行无线信道测量，并记录测量状态和数据； (3) Use the wireless channel measurement device based on the phased array antenna array to perform wireless channel measurement, and record the measurement status and data;
（4）将步骤（1）所述的发射端改为接收端，而将步骤（2）所述的接收端改为发射端，然后利用基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置进行无线信道测量，并记录测量状态和数据； (4) Change the transmitting end described in step (1) to the receiving end, and change the receiving end described in step (2) to the transmitting end, and then use the wireless channel measurement device based on the phased array antenna array to measure the wireless channel Measure and record measurement status and data;
（5）改变步骤（2）所述的接收端的相控阵天线阵列的波束位置，并重复步骤（3）和步骤（4），直至接收端的相控阵天线阵列的所有波束位置测量完毕； (5) Change the beam position of the phased array antenna array at the receiving end described in step (2), and repeat steps (3) and (4) until all beam positions of the phased array antenna array at the receiving end are measured;
（6）改变步骤（1）所述的发射端的相控阵天线阵列的波束位置，并重复步骤（3）、步骤（4）和步骤（5），直至发射端的相控阵天线阵列的所有波束位置测量完毕。 (6) Change the beam position of the phased array antenna array at the transmitting end described in step (1), and repeat steps (3), (4) and (5) until all beams of the phased array antenna array at the transmitting end Position measurement is complete.
有益效果：本发明通过控制相控阵天线阵列的波束指向进行空间扫描，可以对无线信道的空域特性进行快速精确测量，同时结合无线信道测量装置的收发切换，可对无线信道的空域特性进行准实时双向测量，而由于采用了有源的相控阵天线，提高了测量装置的接收灵敏度。 Beneficial effects: the present invention performs space scanning by controlling the beam pointing of the phased array antenna array, and can quickly and accurately measure the airspace characteristics of the wireless channel, and at the same time combine the transceiver switching of the wireless channel measurement device to accurately measure the airspace characteristics of the wireless channel. Real-time two-way measurement, and the receiving sensitivity of the measurement device is improved due to the use of an active phased array antenna.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述的无线信道测量装置的结构示意图； Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless channel measuring device according to the present invention;
图2为本发明所述的相控阵天线阵列的结构示意图； Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the phased array antenna array of the present invention;
图3为本发明所述的无线信道测量方法的流程图。 Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the wireless channel measurement method according to the present invention.
图中主要标记含义如下： The meanings of the main symbols in the figure are as follows:
1、相控阵天线阵列 2、第一光端机 3、中频子系统
1. Phased array antenna array 2. The first
4、GPS接收机 5、基带子系统 6、数据管理服务器
4.
7、电源 11、第二光端机 12、射频子系统
7.
13、波束成形网络 14、天线辐射单元 61、磁盘阵列。
13. Beamforming
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面对本发明技术方案进行详细说明，但是本发明的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。 The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
实施例：图1为本发明所述的无线信道测量装置的结构示意图；图2为本发明所述的相控阵天线阵列的结构示意图； Embodiment: FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wireless channel measuring device according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a phased array antenna array according to the present invention;
如图1和图2所示：一种基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置，包括远端机和近端机，所述的远端机包括一相控阵天线阵列1，而所述的近端机则包括顺序连通的第一光端机2、中频子系统3、基带子系统5、GPS接收机4和数据管理服务器6，以及为近端机提供电的电源7，所述的数据管理服务器6中还设置有磁盘阵列61，而所述的相控阵天线阵列1则包括顺序连通的天线辐射单元14、波束成形网络13、射频子系统12和第二光端机11，所述的第二光端机11和第一光端机2通过电缆连通，其中，数据管理服务器6用于记录测量的数据，并对部分参数进行实时观测和结果显示，而GPS接收机4则用于提供高稳定度的基准频率、基准定时，以及当前的经纬度和移动速度等信息，且在本实施方式中，所述的GPS接收机4包含GPS驯服铷原子钟。
As shown in Figures 1 and 2: a wireless channel measurement device based on a phased array antenna array, including a remote machine and a near-end machine, the remote machine includes a phased array antenna array 1, and the The near-end machine then includes the first optical transceiver 2, the
在本实施方式中，所述的相控阵天线阵列1通过波束成形网络13可以对各个天线辐射单元14设置特定的相位，从而使得相控阵天线阵列1的辐射波束指向需要的角度，实现波束扫描的功能。当所述的基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置的工作状态为接收模式时，相控阵天线阵列1的射频子系统12将接收到的信号进行处理后，通过第二光端机11转换为光信号，然后经光缆传送至近端机的第一光端机2，然后变换为电信号后进入近端机的中频子系统3和基带子系统5进行处理，最后将数据存储在数据管理服务器6中的磁盘阵列61中，以供后期进行无线信道参数的提取和特性分析。
In this embodiment, the phased array antenna array 1 can set a specific phase for each
当所述的基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置的工作状态为发射状态时，近端机中的数据管理服务器6产生需要的基带信号，结合GPS驯服铷原子钟提供的位置和时间信息后进入基带子系统3和中频子系统5，然后经基带子系统3和中频子系统5进入第一光端机2，并将其转换为光信号，然后通过光缆传输至远端机的第二光端机11，再次转换为电信号后进入相控阵天线阵列中的射频子系统12，射频子系统12将收到的信号变频到需要的频率，然后放大，经波束成形网络13后进入各个天线辐射单元14辐射出去，最后在空间形成预定的波束指向。
When the working state of the wireless channel measuring device based on the phased array antenna array is the transmitting state, the
此外，所述的基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置支持Radio over fiber（RoF）技术，能够很好的支持分布式小区的测量场景。 In addition, the wireless channel measurement device based on the phased array antenna array supports Radio over fiber (RoF) technology, which can well support the measurement scenario of distributed cells.
图3为本发明所述的无线信道测量方法的流程图。 Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the wireless channel measurement method according to the present invention.
如图3所示：一种利用上述的基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置进行无线信道测量的方法，包括以下步骤： As shown in Figure 3: a kind of method utilizing above-mentioned wireless channel measurement device based on phased array antenna array to carry out the method for wireless channel measurement, comprises the following steps:
（1）设定发射端的相控阵天线阵列的波束指向； (1) Set the beam pointing of the phased array antenna array at the transmitter;
（2）设定接收端的相控阵天线阵列的波束指向； (2) Set the beam pointing of the phased array antenna array at the receiving end;
（3）利用基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置进行无线信道测量，并记录测量状态和数据； (3) Use the wireless channel measurement device based on the phased array antenna array to perform wireless channel measurement, and record the measurement status and data;
（4）将步骤（1）所述的发射端改为接收端，而将步骤（2）所述的接收端改为发射端，然后利用基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置进行无线信道测量，并记录测量状态和数据； (4) Change the transmitting end described in step (1) to the receiving end, and change the receiving end described in step (2) to the transmitting end, and then use the wireless channel measurement device based on the phased array antenna array to measure the wireless channel Measure and record measurement status and data;
（5）改变步骤（2）所述的接收端的相控阵天线阵列的波束位置，并重复步骤（3）和步骤（4），直至接收端的相控阵天线阵列的所有波束位置测量完毕； (5) Change the beam position of the phased array antenna array at the receiving end described in step (2), and repeat steps (3) and (4) until all beam positions of the phased array antenna array at the receiving end are measured;
（6）改变步骤（1）所述的发射端的相控阵天线阵列的波束位置，并重复步骤（3）、步骤（4）和步骤（5），直至发射端的相控阵天线阵列的所有波束位置测量完毕。 (6) Change the beam position of the phased array antenna array at the transmitting end described in step (1), and repeat steps (3), (4) and (5) until all beams of the phased array antenna array at the transmitting end Position measurement is complete.
其中具体为：在利用本发明所述的基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置进行无线信道测量时，本发明可以将发射端的相控阵天线波束设置到一个预定的位置，然后接收端相控阵天线波束在水平面内或者垂直面内进行扫描，无线信道测量装置记录对应于各个波束的数据，或者固定接收端的波束位置，利用发射端波束进行扫描；而进行收发两端互易性测量时，则可以将收发两端的相控阵天线都设定到一个固定的波束位置，进行一次测量并记录结果，然后在保持相控阵天线的波束位置不变的情况下，将收发两端的功能互换，即原来的发射端改为接收端，原来的接收端改为发射端，然后再进行一次数据测量。 Specifically, when using the wireless channel measurement device based on the phased array antenna array of the present invention to perform wireless channel measurement, the present invention can set the beam of the phased array antenna at the transmitting end to a predetermined position, and then the receiving end phase The array antenna beam scans in the horizontal plane or in the vertical plane, and the wireless channel measurement device records the data corresponding to each beam, or fixes the beam position of the receiving end, and scans with the beam of the transmitting end; , you can set the phased array antennas at both ends of the transceiver to a fixed beam position, conduct a measurement and record the results, and then keep the beam positions of the phased array antennas unchanged, and exchange the functions of the two ends of the transceiver. Change, that is, the original transmitter is changed to the receiver, and the original receiver is changed to the transmitter, and then data measurement is performed again.
上述基于相控阵天线阵列的无线信道测量装置中的相控阵天线阵列的波束可以指向需要的位置，进行空间扫描，而上述的方法则利用了相控阵天线阵列的波束可控扫描特性，实现了对无线信道的空域特性进行测量。 The beam of the phased array antenna array in the above-mentioned wireless channel measurement device based on the phased array antenna array can point to the required position for spatial scanning, while the above method utilizes the beam controllable scanning characteristics of the phased array antenna array, The measurement of the spatial characteristics of the wireless channel is realized.
如上所述，尽管参照特定的优选实施例已经表示和表述了本发明，但其不得解释为对本发明自身的限制。在不脱离所附权利要求定义的本发明的精神和范围前提下，可对其在形式上和细节上作出各种变化。 As stated above, while the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, this should not be construed as limiting the invention itself. Various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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