CN115036657B - Variable frequency combined ceramic window structure and method for changing frequency of existing ceramic window - Google Patents
Variable frequency combined ceramic window structure and method for changing frequency of existing ceramic window Download PDFInfo
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- CN115036657B CN115036657B CN202210746124.9A CN202210746124A CN115036657B CN 115036657 B CN115036657 B CN 115036657B CN 202210746124 A CN202210746124 A CN 202210746124A CN 115036657 B CN115036657 B CN 115036657B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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- H01P1/08—Dielectric windows
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Abstract
The invention discloses a variable-frequency combined ceramic window structure and a method for changing the frequency of an existing ceramic window, wherein the variable-frequency combined ceramic window structure comprises the existing ceramic window and a transition waveguide axially connected between the two existing ceramic windows, the transition waveguide comprises a waveguide body and input/output transmission lines connected to the two axial sides of the waveguide body, the input/output transmission lines are used for being connected with the existing ceramic window, the waveguide body adopts a metal waveguide, and the size parameters are subjected to frequency modulation design according to the working frequency of the existing ceramic window and the working frequency to be obtained by the combined ceramic window structure. According to the invention, the transition waveguide is connected between the existing ceramic windows, so that a combined ceramic window structure can be formed by the transition waveguide and the existing ceramic windows, and compared with the existing ceramic windows, the combined ceramic window structure can change the working frequency and can reach the required working frequency under the combination of the transition waveguide with the appropriate size.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave ceramic window frequency conversion, in particular to a frequency-variable combined ceramic window structure and a method for changing the frequency of an existing ceramic window.
Background
The high-power microwave ceramic window is a very critical microwave device on a low-noise microwave transmission line. When power from a microwave source is delivered to an antenna through a transmission line, two different gas states exist in this step, the waveguide at the front end of the antenna is under atmospheric pressure, but the vacuum chamber in communication with the antenna and the antenna itself are in a vacuum state, which requires a microwave ceramic window to separate the two states. Because the ceramic window has the function of letting high-power microwave energy pass through without reflection and the function of not influencing energy transmission and gas sealing.
The box-type vacuum window is a traditional waveguide vacuum window, transmission lines of an input end and an output end are divided into a double-ridge waveguide, a rectangular waveguide and a coaxial line, and the window is in a double-ridge or circular shape. The existing ceramic window mainly works at a resonant frequency, has a relatively low bandwidth, and cannot achieve the general work of the whole microwave frequency band.
The ceramic window welding is carried out in a high-temperature hydrogen furnace, and has the disadvantages of high price, complex steps and long processing period. For example, a chinese patent with an authority publication number of CN 112886158B discloses a high-power coaxial ceramic window cooling device, which includes a ceramic window, a square cooling water pipe, a polytetrafluoroethylene inner support, a coaxial feeder inner conductor, a coaxial feeder outer conductor, a copper joint, a kerbstone water-cooling pipeline, a copper sheet, a flange, and an inner insert core; the coaxial feeder line inner conductor is connected with one end of the copper sheet; the copper sheet is bent by 90 degrees and then is connected with the copper joint; the other end of the copper joint is connected with the inner conductor of the ceramic window; the kerbstone water-cooling pipeline passes through the flange and the lower end of the water-cooling pipeline inside the copper joint; the upper end of the water cooling pipeline of the inner conductor of the ceramic window is connected with the lower end of the water cooling pipeline of the inner conductor of the ceramic window, and the upper end of the water cooling pipeline of the inner conductor of the ceramic window extends to the top end of the inner conductor; the ceramic window is separated into an upper vacuum side and a lower atmospheric side; the ceramic window outer conductor is wound with a square cooling water pipe. This scheme can realize the cooling of high-power coaxial ceramic window on the transmission performance's that does not influence ceramic window basis, and aim at solves ceramic window and causes cracked problem because of power loss generates heat. For another example, chinese patent application publication No. CN 113113749A discloses a ceramic window detachable high-power input coupler, one end of which is connected to a power source, and inputs microwave power, and the other end is connected to a superconducting cavity or a normal temperature cavity flange, and provides an electromagnetic field for the cavity; the high power input coupler includes a removable ceramic window and a vacuum brazed ceramic window. This scheme can be dismantled type ceramic structure and make two window forms can wash alone, and aim at avoids the unclean shortcoming of vacuum space washing between two window forms, dismantles simultaneously the ceramic window need not with the coaxial line inner and outer conductor welding, reduces the double window welding degree of difficulty, saves the welding cost.
Therefore, how to combine the frequency required by the synthesis experiment of the existing ceramic window in a short time is a very urgent technical problem to be solved and meaningful.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a variable-frequency combined ceramic window structure and a method for changing the frequency of an existing ceramic window, which aim to solve the problems in the prior art, and can utilize a transition waveguide and the existing ceramic window to form a combined ceramic window structure by connecting the transition waveguide between the existing ceramic windows.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a variable-frequency combined ceramic window structure which comprises an existing ceramic window and a transition waveguide axially connected between the two existing ceramic windows, wherein the transition waveguide comprises a waveguide body and input/output transmission lines connected to two axial sides of the waveguide body, the input/output transmission lines are used for being connected with the existing ceramic window, the waveguide body is made of metal waveguides, and the size parameters are subjected to frequency modulation design according to the working frequency of the existing ceramic window and the working frequency to be obtained by the combined ceramic window structure.
Preferably, the waveguide body adopts a first metal rectangular waveguide, and the input and output transmission line adopts a second metal rectangular waveguide.
Preferably, different transition waveguides are respectively connected to two axial sides of the existing ceramic window.
Preferably, the input and output transmission line and the existing ceramic window are installed through screws.
Preferably, the width of the input-output transmission line is smaller than the width of the waveguide body; the length of the input-output transmission line is less than that of the waveguide body; the thickness of the input-output transmission line is less than the thickness of the waveguide body.
Preferably, the long side of the cross section of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 109.2mm, the width of the cross section of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 54.6mm, and the length of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 72mm; the long side of the cross section of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 74.4mm, the width of the cross section of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 36.4mm, and the length of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 40mm; the total length of the transition waveguide is 152mm.
Preferably, the working frequency of the existing ceramic window is 2.856GHz, the working bandwidth of the combined ceramic window structure is 0.7GHz, the frequency of the low-frequency end is 2.4GHz, and the frequency of the high-end is 3.1GHz.
Preferably, the filling medium of the existing ceramic window is ceramic, the purity is higher than 95%, and the dielectric constant is stabilized at 9.5.
The invention also provides a method for changing the frequency of the existing ceramic window, which applies the variable-frequency combined ceramic window structure recorded in the description above and connects the existing ceramic window through the transition waveguide, wherein the size parameter of the transition waveguide is subjected to frequency modulation design according to the working frequency of the existing ceramic window and the working frequency to be obtained by the combined ceramic window structure.
Preferably, the dimension of the wide side of the waveguide body is designed to be large on the basis of ensuring the integral resonance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects:
(1) According to the invention, the transition waveguide is connected between the existing ceramic windows, so that a combined ceramic window structure can be formed by the transition waveguide and the existing ceramic windows, and compared with the existing ceramic windows, the combined ceramic window structure can realize the change of working frequency, and can reach the required working frequency under the combination of the transition waveguide with proper size;
(2) The invention adopts the transition waveguide to connect the existing ceramic window, and can design the ceramic window into working or resonant frequency which is urgently needed by engineering by the simplest, convenient and rapid method on the basis of not damaging the original structure; the ultra-wideband and high-power vacuum window capable of changing the working frequency of the ceramic window can be realized by a method of mutually matching and coupling different waveguides; the invention can be applied to high power and two gas states, works at the front side of an antenna system in a vacuum environment and needs a large power system protected by a plurality of ceramic windows, and in addition, the invention can also be applied to various conditions of changing the frequency of the existing ceramic windows;
(3) The input/output transmission line and the existing ceramic window are installed through screws, so that the connection process is simple, convenient, quick and easy to operate;
(4) The filling medium of the existing ceramic window is ceramic, so that the strength is high, the power capacity is large, the stability is strong, the purity of the ceramic is higher than 95%, the dielectric constant is stabilized at 9.5, the ceramic window can have enough strength and lower loss, and the ceramic window is the optimal choice under the high-power condition;
(5) The wide side of the waveguide body is designed to be large in size on the basis of ensuring integral resonance, the length of the transition waveguide between two existing ceramic windows can be shortened, the cost is reduced, the progress is accelerated, and the purpose of frequency conversion is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the transition waveguide structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the prior art ceramic window of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a graph of calculated reflectance and transmittance;
FIG. 7 is an experimental result of a reflection coefficient curve;
FIG. 8 is an experimental result of a transmittance curve;
wherein, 1, transition waveguide; 11. an input-output transmission line; 12. a waveguide body; 2. existing ceramic windows; 21. a rectangular waveguide segment; 22. a circular waveguide segment; 3. and (4) screws.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a variable-frequency combined ceramic window structure and a method for changing the frequency of an existing ceramic window, which aim to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a variable frequency composite ceramic window structure, which comprises an existing ceramic window 2 and a transition waveguide 1 axially connected between the two existing ceramic windows 2, wherein the existing ceramic window 2 has a certain working frequency/resonant frequency but does not meet the use requirement as an existing structure to be improved. Through the arrangement of the transition waveguide 1, frequencies meeting experimental requirements can be combined. The transition waveguide 1 comprises a waveguide body 12 and input and output transmission lines 11 connected to two axial sides of the waveguide body 12, the input and output transmission lines 11 are used for being connected with the existing ceramic window 2, the waveguide body 12 is made of metal waveguides, and size parameters are subjected to frequency modulation design according to the working frequency of the existing ceramic window 2 and the working frequency to be obtained by the combined ceramic window structure. The design is based on the microwave transmission line theory and is carried out according to the knowledge mastered by the technicians in the field. The transition waveguide 1 is not filled with a medium, and has air or vacuum inside. According to the invention, the transition waveguide 1 is connected between the existing ceramic windows 2, a combined ceramic window structure can be formed by the transition waveguide 1 and the existing ceramic windows 2, and compared with the existing ceramic windows 2, the combined ceramic window structure can change the working frequency and can reach the required working frequency under the combination of the transition waveguide 1 with a proper size. According to the invention, the transition waveguide 1 is connected with the existing ceramic window 2, so that the existing ceramic window can be designed into working frequency or resonant frequency which is needed urgently in engineering by the simplest, convenient and rapid method on the basis of not damaging the original structure; the ultra-wideband high-power vacuum window with the working frequency of the ceramic window changed can be realized by a method of mutually matching and coupling different waveguides; the invention can be applied to high-power systems which work in two gas states at the front side of an antenna system in a vacuum environment and need a plurality of ceramic windows for protection, and in addition, the invention can also be applied to various conditions of changing the frequency of the existing ceramic windows.
The invention can achieve the purpose of adjusting the working frequency by connecting the existing ceramic window 2 (the type is not limited) by using the transition waveguide 1. The transition waveguide 1 can be processed by a milling machine, and is simple and quick. The type of the transition waveguide 1 and the length, width and height dimensions are designed according to actual requirements, and the range is (0, + ∞) mm.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the waveguide body 12 of the transition waveguide 1 may be a first metal rectangular waveguide, and the input/output transmission line 11 may be a second metal rectangular waveguide. The first metal rectangular waveguide is a key structure for changing the overall resonance frequency. Suppose that the original two existing ceramic windows 2 have an operating frequency f 0 After the transition waveguide 1 is connected, two existing ceramic windows 2 are integrated with the whole transition waveguide 1 at f 3 Resonance, i.e. operating frequency f 3 . The low-frequency end frequency of the working frequency band of the combined ceramic window is 2.4GHz (f) 1 ) The frequency of the high-frequency end is 3.1GHz (f) 2 ) I.e. the operating bandwidth is defined as f 2 -f 1 At this time, the operating bandwidth is 0.7GHz.
As shown in fig. 1, only one transition waveguide 1 may be connected between two existing ceramic windows 2, or different transition waveguides 1 may be connected to both axial sides of the existing ceramic windows 2.
The input and output transmission line 11 and the existing ceramic window 2 can be installed through the screw 3, and the connection process can be simple, convenient, fast and easy to operate.
The width of the input-output transmission line 11 is smaller than the width of the waveguide body 12; the length of the input-output transmission line 11 is smaller than that of the waveguide body 12; the thickness of the input-output transmission line 11 is smaller than the thickness of the waveguide body 12.
The first metal rectangular waveguide and the second metal rectangular waveguide can adopt the following sizes, wherein the long side of the cross section of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 109.2mm, the width of the cross section of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 54.6mm, and the length of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 72mm; the long side of the cross section of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 74.4mm, the width of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 36.4mm, and the length of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 40mm; the total length of the transition waveguide 1 is 152mm.
Under the condition that the working frequency of the existing ceramic window 2 is 2.856GHz, the working bandwidth of the combined ceramic window structure can be 0.7GHz, namely the frequency of a low-frequency end is 2.4GHz, and the frequency of a high-end is 3.1GHz.
The existing ceramic window 2 has the filling medium of ceramic, which can ensure high strength, large power capacity and strong stability, and the purity of the ceramic is higher than 95%, the dielectric constant is stabilized at 9.5, and the ceramic window can have enough strength and lower loss, and is the optimal choice under the condition of high power.
The invention can change the resonant frequency of the existing ceramic window 2 with a certain working frequency by using the transition waveguide 1, and when in application, the invention can comprise a microwave source, the existing ceramic window 2 and the transition waveguide 1, wherein the microwave source feeds microwave energy into the transition waveguide 1 through a feed-in structure, and the microwave energy passes through the transition waveguide 1 with a specific size and the existing ceramic window 2 with a specific frequency to form a brand-new overall resonant system. Therefore, the invention can realize the wide-bandwidth and high-power ceramic window frequency conversion technology. The invention is mainly applied to high-power microwave systems which need a plurality of ceramic windows, and is particularly suitable for systems which need strong isolation states, such as vacuum systems, antennas and the like.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present invention further provides a method for changing the frequency of the existing ceramic window 2, which may be implemented by using the above-mentioned variable frequency combined ceramic window structure, specifically, the existing ceramic window 2 is connected by the transition waveguide 1, and the size parameter of the transition waveguide 1 is frequency-modulated according to the operating frequency of the existing ceramic window 2 and the operating frequency to be obtained by the combined ceramic window structure.
The width of the waveguide body 12 can be designed to be large size on the basis of ensuring the integral resonance, the length of the transition waveguide 1 between two existing ceramic windows 2 can be shortened, the cost is reduced, the progress is accelerated, and the purpose of frequency conversion is achieved.
The invention also provides a specific embodiment as follows:
the transition waveguide comprises a transition waveguide section 1 and existing ceramic windows 2 connected to two ends of the transition waveguide section 1, wherein the transition waveguide section 1 comprises a waveguide body 12 and an input/output transmission line 11, and the waveguide body 12 is communicated with the existing ceramic windows 2 through the input/output transmission line 11. I.e. the transition waveguide 1 and the existing ceramic window 2, are in communication along their axial direction. The waveguide body 12 is a first metal rectangular waveguide, and the input/output transmission line 11 is a second metal rectangular waveguide. The long side of the cross section of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 109.2mm, the width of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 54.6mm, and the length of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 72mm; the long side of the cross section of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 74.4mm, the width of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 36.4mm, and the length of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 40mm; the total length of the transition waveguide 1 is 152mm. (the waveguide body 12, i.e., the first metal rectangular waveguide, is a core part of the frequency conversion technology, and can be changed according to the frequency or structure of the existing ceramic window 2. The length, width and height dimensions of the waveguide body 12 range from 0 to infinity mm). The existing ceramic window 2 comprises a circular waveguide section 22 with a dielectric transmission line as a filling medium and rectangular waveguide sections 21 connected to both ends of the circular waveguide section 22, wherein the circular waveguide section 22 has a cross section with a diameter of 84.8mm and a thickness of 3.2mm. The dielectric constant of the ceramic material is stabilized at 9.5.
The width of the input-output transmission line 11 is smaller than that of the waveguide body 12; the length of the input-output transmission line 11 is smaller than that of the waveguide body 12; the thickness of the input-output transmission line 11 is smaller than the thickness of the waveguide body 12.
Given that the operating frequency of the existing ceramic window 2 is 2.856GHz, a 2.45GHz ceramic window is now needed, i.e. the operating frequency of the existing ceramic window 2 is improved.
The existing ceramic window 2 has an operating frequency of 2.856GHz, a frequency band of 0.9GHz, S21= -0.15dB, and a microwave passing rate of 99%. Through improving the design, as shown in fig. 6, the calculation simulation is performed by using microwave software, and the result shows that the improved working frequency of the ceramic window is 2.45GHz according to the design requirement, the low frequency point of the frequency band is 2.4GHz, the high frequency point is 3GHz, the working bandwidth is 0.6GHz, s21= -0.03dB, and the microwave passing rate is 99.9%.
Through frequency modulation design, an improved experimental model is shown in figures 1-5, experimental results are shown in figures 7-8, the working frequency of the improved ceramic window is 2.45GHz, the low frequency point of a frequency band is 2.4GHz, the high frequency point is 3.1GHz, and the working bandwidth is 0.7GHz. S21= -0.29dB, the microwave passing rate is basically 99%, and the microwave passing rate is basically consistent with the simulation result.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the embodiment can achieve good matching in the ultra-wideband microwave frequency band of 2.4-3 GHz. The reflection coefficient of this embodiment is below-10 dB over the entire operating bandwidth.
The foregoing description has set forth a specific embodiment of the present invention. The actual implementation mode is far richer than that listed here, not only is applicable to the coupling frequency conversion resonance of two existing ceramic windows 2, but also is applicable to the frequency conversion and resonance technologies of a plurality of existing ceramic windows 2, only the transition waveguide 1 needs to be processed (the design is carried out by changing the length, the width and the height of the transition waveguide 1), the very complicated ceramic and metal two-in-one processing procedure is not needed, and the time is greatly saved.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A variable frequency composite ceramic window structure characterized by: the waveguide comprises an existing ceramic window and a transition waveguide axially connected between the two existing ceramic windows, wherein the transition waveguide comprises a waveguide body and input and output transmission lines connected to two axial sides of the waveguide body, the input and output transmission lines are used for being connected with the existing ceramic window, the waveguide body is made of metal waveguide, and the size parameters of the transition waveguide are subjected to frequency modulation design according to the working frequency of the existing ceramic window and the working frequency to be obtained by the combined ceramic window structure; the waveguide body adopts a first metal rectangular waveguide, and the input and output transmission line adopts a second metal rectangular waveguide.
2. The variable frequency composite ceramic window structure of claim 1, wherein: and the two axial sides of the existing ceramic window are respectively connected with different transition waveguides.
3. The variable frequency composite ceramic window structure of claim 1, wherein: the input and output transmission line and the existing ceramic window are installed through screws.
4. A variable frequency composite ceramic window structure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the width of the input and output transmission line is smaller than that of the waveguide body; the length of the input and output transmission line is less than that of the waveguide body; the thickness of the input-output transmission line is less than the thickness of the waveguide body.
5. The variable frequency composite ceramic window structure of claim 4, wherein: the long side of the cross section of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 109.2mm, the width of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 54.6mm, and the length of the first metal rectangular waveguide is 72mm; the long side of the cross section of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 74.4mm, the width of the cross section of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 36.4mm, and the length of the second metal rectangular waveguide is 40mm; the total length of the transition waveguide is 152mm.
6. The variable frequency composite ceramic window structure of claim 5, wherein: the working frequency of the existing ceramic window is 2.856GHz, the working bandwidth of the combined ceramic window structure is 0.7GHz, the frequency of the low-frequency end is 2.4GHz, and the frequency of the high-frequency end is 3.1GHz.
7. The variable frequency composite ceramic window structure of claim 6, wherein: the filling medium of the existing ceramic window is ceramic, the purity is higher than 95%, and the dielectric constant is stabilized at 9.5.
8. A method of changing the frequency of an existing ceramic window, comprising: use of a variable frequency composite ceramic window structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, to join an existing ceramic window via a transition waveguide having dimensional parameters tuned according to the operating frequency of the existing ceramic window and the operating frequency to be achieved by the composite ceramic window structure.
9. The method of changing the frequency of an existing ceramic window of claim 8, wherein: the size of the wide side of the waveguide body is selected to be large in the range of ensuring integral resonance.
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