CN115034683B

CN115034683B - Water ecological space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction method and device

Info

Publication number: CN115034683B
Application number: CN202210870169.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 江文渊; 陈启华; 赵翌晨; 张征云; 闫佩; 张彦敏; 郭健; 李怀明; 罗航
Original assignee: Tianjin Huanke Environmental Planning Technology Development Co ltd; Tianjin Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences
Current assignee: Tianjin Huanke Environmental Planning Technology Development Co ltd; Tianjin Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences
Priority date: 2022-07-22
Filing date: 2022-07-22
Publication date: 2023-02-03
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-22
Also published as: CN115034683A

Abstract

A method and a device for identifying and extracting a water ecological space control range and a functional area comprise the following steps: s1, identifying and extracting a water ecology supply service space control range and a functional area; s2, identifying and extracting a management and control range and a functional area of a water ecological support service space; s3, identifying and extracting a water ecological regulation service space control range and a functional area; s4, acquiring a water ecological space control range and a function area preliminary result; s5, recognizing ecological risk areas; and S6, acquiring a water ecological space control range and a final result of the functional area. The method has scientific results, comprehensively considers the importance of regional ecological functions, the sensitivity of ecological environment and ecological risks, combines the existing wading management control line to identify and extract the water ecological space control range and the functional area, combines quantification and qualification, considers the evaluation result and the management reality, and ensures that the obtained results are more in line with the actual management needs and are more targeted.

Description

Method and device for identifying and extracting water ecological space control range and functional area

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological planning, and particularly relates to a method and a device for identifying and extracting a water ecological space control range and a functional area.

Background

The water ecological space is various ecological spaces for providing places for an ecological-hydrological process, maintaining the health and stability of a water ecological system and guaranteeing water safety, comprises water area spaces such as rivers and lakes, land area spaces for conserving water sources, land and water staggered areas related to flood running, flood storage and the like, is a core component element of a homeland space, and the importance of ecological functions, the sensitivity and the vulnerability of ecological environment and the ecological risk are considered in the management and control range identification process. On the basis of determining the control range, based on 'national main functional area planning', overall consideration is given to the influence degree of social and economic activities of human beings on the functions of the water ecological space, and regional classification control is carried out to identify the ranges of different functional areas such as forbidden development areas, limited development areas and water safety guarantee guide areas in the water ecological space so as to take different control measures for different areas. The research on the water ecological space is in the starting stage, and the technical method for identifying and extracting the water ecological space range of the overall system is very deficient. In the prior art, researchers identify and extract dominant and recessive water ecological spaces based on visibility and superpose the dominant and recessive water ecological spaces as water ecological spaces, but the method neglects the functions of maintaining biological diversity, purifying water quality and the like when identifying the water ecological spaces, does not bring ecological risk factors into the water ecological space identification process, and the identification process and the extraction result lack scientificity and integrity, and does not carry out classification identification and extraction of water ecological functions; still other researchers have discerned and extracted the red line area of water ecological space in the water ecological space based on water ecological security pattern, namely forbid the development district, but this method has not proposed the discernment and extraction method of other water ecological functional areas, and the water quality purification function and ecological risk factor are not considered in the recognition process; the method is characterized in that existing control spaces are in one-to-one correspondence with functional areas of the water ecological spaces based on the existing wading management control spaces, the water ecological spaces are understood as integration of the existing wading management control ranges, and the functions of the water ecological spaces in maintaining the health and stability of the water ecological system and playing various water functions are ignored.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention proposes a method and a device for identifying and extracting a water ecological space control range and a functional area, wherein the method and the device are combined with the regional water ecological function importance evaluation result and the water ecological sensitivity evaluation result, and simultaneously give consideration to the current state water-related management control space, identify the water ecological space control ranges such as a water ecological supply service space, a water ecological support service space and a water ecological regulation service space, identify the functional area range according to different standards, extract the water ecological space control range and the functional area preliminary result, and then combine with the ecological risk area identification to correct the preliminary result to obtain the water ecological space range and the functional area final result.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

the water ecological space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction method comprises the following steps:

s1, identifying and extracting a management and control range and a functional area of a service space for water ecology supply;

s2, identifying and extracting a management and control range and a functional area of a water ecological support service space;

s3, identifying and extracting a water ecological regulation service space control range and a functional area;

s4, acquiring a water ecological space control range and a function area preliminary result;

s5, recognizing ecological risk areas;

and S6, acquiring a water ecological space control range and a final result of the functional area.

The method comprises the following specific steps:

s1, identifying and extracting a management and control range and a functional area of a water ecological supply service space, comprising the following steps:

s1.1 identification and extraction of water source supply space control range and functional area

(1) Obtaining regional land utilization vector data, retrieving land name attribute fields, identifying and extracting land utilization type pattern spots of river water surfaces, lake water surfaces, reservoir water surfaces, pool water surfaces, reed lands, mudflats, ditches, glaciers, permanent snow, marshlands and the like as water source supply space control ranges;

(2) Acquiring the range patches of development-forbidden areas, various national and provincial natural protection areas, protection areas in water function areas and primary protection areas of drinking water sources, which are determined in national and provincial main body function areas, overlapping the range patches with the space range of the water source supply in the step (1), extracting the overlapped part patches as development-forbidden areas, establishing a function area attribute field for the patches, and marking as 'development-forbidden area-water source supply';

(3) Acquiring range patterns of a development limiting area, a buffer area in a water function area, a reserved area which is partially not developed and utilized temporarily, a drinking water source secondary protection area and a drinking water source quasi-protection area which are determined in the national and provincial main body function areas. And (2) overlapping the range of the limited development area, the buffer area in the water function area, the reserved area which is partially not developed and utilized temporarily and the range of the secondary protection area of the drinking water source in the national and provincial main body function areas with the supply space range of the water source in the step (1), and extracting the overlapped part of the range of the pattern to be the limited development area. The method comprises the steps that all map spots within the range of a drinking water source quasi-protection area are extracted to be a limited development area, a function area attribute field is newly established for the map spots, and the field is marked as 'limited development area-water source supply';

(4) And (2) extracting the area pattern spots of the water source supply control space range identified and extracted in the step (1) except the development forbidden area and the development limited area extracted in the steps (2) and (3) as a water safety guarantee guide area, establishing a function area attribute field for the pattern spots, and marking as 'water safety guarantee guide area-water source supply'.

S1.2 identification and extraction of water source conservation space control range and functional area

(1) Calculating the water source conservation quantity of the regional forests, bushes, lawns, farmlands, cities, wetlands and other land types with the water source conservation function by adopting a water balance equation, and acquiring the water source conservation quantity grid data in the range of the land types above the region, wherein the value of the grid data is the water source conservation quantity.

(2) Dividing the water source conservation quantity into 5 levels according to a grid data value according to a natural breakpoint method, wherein the importance of representing the water source conservation is from high to low: the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of extracting important, highly important, generally important and unimportant grid data of important and above levels of water source conservation quantity into a water source conservation space control range, wherein the extremely important area is extracted as a development prohibition area, the highly important area is extracted as a limited development area, and the rest other areas are extracted as water safety guarantee guide areas. Converting the extracted grid data of the water ecological conservation space control range and the functional area into vector data pattern spots, creating functional area attribute fields for the pattern spots, and sequentially marking the fields as 'development forbidding area-water source conservation', 'development limiting area-water source conservation' and 'water safety guarantee guiding area-water source conservation'.

S2, identifying and extracting management and control range and functional area of water ecological support service space

S2.1 identifying and extracting water and soil conservation space control range and functional area

(1) Water and soil conservation space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction based on water and soil conservation function evaluation

and a, adopting the water and soil conservation function evaluation of the modified general water and soil loss equation to obtain the grid data of the regional water and soil loss, wherein the value of the grid data is the water and soil conservation quantity.

b, dividing the value of the grid data of the water and soil loss amount of the region into 5 levels by using a natural breakpoint method, wherein the importance of representing the water and soil conservation function is as follows: the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of extracting important, highly important, generally important and unimportant grid data with the importance of the water and soil conservation function as important and higher levels into a water and soil conservation function space control range, wherein the extremely important area is extracted as a development prohibition area, the highly important area is extracted as a development limitation area, and the rest other areas are extracted as water safety guarantee guide areas. Converting the extracted water and soil conservation function space management and control range and the extracted functional area grid data into vector data pattern spots, and creating functional area attribute fields for the pattern spots, wherein the fields are labeled as 'forbidden development area-water and soil conservation function', 'limited development area-water and soil conservation function', 'water safety guarantee guiding area-water and soil conservation function' in sequence.

(2) Water and soil conservation space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction based on water and soil loss sensitivity evaluation

a, evaluating the water and soil loss sensitivity by adopting a general water and soil loss equation principle to obtain grid data of regional water and soil loss sensitivity indexes, classifying the water and soil loss sensitivity evaluation results according to a grid value, and judging the sensitivity level of the evaluation results, wherein the numerical values are respectively from low to high: insensitive, mildly sensitive, moderately sensitive, highly sensitive and extremely sensitive.

b, acquiring range patterns of key water and soil loss prevention areas and key treatment areas of countries and provinces and cities in the region.

And c, extracting grid data of regions with moderate sensitivity to water loss and soil loss and higher levels, converting the grid data into vector data pattern spots, superposing the vector data pattern spots with pattern spots of the range of a water loss and soil loss key prevention region and a key treatment region to obtain a union set, extracting the result into a water loss and soil loss sensitive space control range, extracting the extremely sensitive region as a development prohibition region, extracting the highly sensitive region as a development limitation region, and extracting the rest regions as water safety guarantee guide regions. And establishing a function area attribute field for the pattern spot, and sequentially marking the function area attribute field as a development forbidden area-sensitive to water and soil loss, a development limited area-sensitive to water and soil loss and a water safety guarantee guide area-sensitive to water and soil loss.

(3) And (3) superposing and integrating the 'development forbidden area-water and soil conservation function' extracted in the step (1) and the 'development forbidden area-water and soil loss sensitive' vector data pattern spot extracted in the step (2) to serve as a development forbidden area in the water and soil conservation space control range, and modifying the attribute field of the pattern spot function area, wherein the attribute field is marked as 'development forbidden area-water and soil conservation'. And (3) superposing and integrating the 'development area limit-water and soil conservation function' extracted in the step (1) and the 'development area limit-water and soil erosion sensitivity' vector data pattern spot extracted in the step (2), deducting a 'development area forbid-water and soil conservation' pattern spot range to serve as a development area limit in a water and soil conservation space control range, and modifying a pattern spot function area attribute field marked as 'development area limit-water and soil conservation'. And (3) extracting the pattern spots except the determined 'forbidden development area-water and soil conservation' and 'limited development area-water and soil conservation' from the pattern spots extracted in the steps (1) and (2) into a water safety guarantee guide area, modifying attribute fields of the pattern spot function areas, and marking the field as the 'water safety guarantee guide area-water and soil conservation'.

S2.2 biodiversity maintenance space control range and functional area identification and extraction

(1) Important endangered rare organisms in a region, which take a water area and a surrounding environment as important habitats and foraging places, are selected as indicator species, including national first-level and second-level protective species and other species with important protective value;

(2) Carrying out species probability distribution simulation by using a Maxent model, drawing an ROC curve for carrying out model validity verification, and obtaining distribution prediction probability grid data of each indication species, wherein a grid data value is a species distribution probability;

the Maxent model requires mainly input variables: firstly, known distribution points of the indicated species are obtained through wetland investigation or literature, specimen and database retrieval; and secondly, manufacturing an environment image layer closely related to species distribution according to the biological characteristics of the species.

(3) Dividing the distribution prediction probability grid value of each indicated species into 5 levels according to a natural breakpoint method, wherein the relative species distribution suitability of a characterization region is as follows from high to low: the method is suitable for the environment, marginal suitable for the environment and unsuitable for the environment, and extracts the areas suitable for the environment and higher levels into a biological diversity maintenance space management and control range, wherein the most suitable area is an area forbidden to be developed, the highly suitable area is an area limited to be developed, and the rest other areas are extracted into water safety guarantee guide areas. And converting the extracted biodiversity maintenance space control range and the functional area raster data into vector data image spots, and creating functional area attribute fields for the image spots, wherein the fields are labeled as 'development prohibition area-biological maintenance', 'development limitation area-biological maintenance', 'water safety guarantee guide area-biological maintenance' in sequence.

S3, identifying and extracting control range and functional area of water ecological regulation service space

S3.1 flood regulation space control range and functional area identification and extraction

S3.2 identifying and extracting water quality purification space control range and functional area

(1) And identifying and extracting the flooding ranges of the areas within 10-year meeting, 20-year meeting, 50-year meeting and 100-year meeting by using an active flood flooding method by using an SCS (least squares) model.

(2) And acquiring vector data pattern spots of the flood storage and stagnant area range defined in flood control plans such as national construction and management plans of the flood storage and stagnant area and the like and design reproduction standards thereof.

(3) Overlaying and integrating the map spots of the storage and stagnation area range with the design reproduction standard of 10 years and below determined by flood control planning in step (1) and step (2), extracting the map spots into a development-prohibited area, creating a functional area attribute field for the map spots, and marking the attribute field as 'development-prohibited area-flood regulation and storage'; superposing and integrating the map spots in the range of the flood storage and stagnant flood area with the 20-year flood inundation range in the step (1) and the design reproduction standard determined by the flood control planning in the step (2) of 10 to 20 years, deducting the residual part after the map spots in the 'development-prohibited area-flood regulation' are extracted as a development-limited area, establishing a function area attribute field for the map spots, and marking the field as 'development-limited area-flood regulation'; superposing and integrating the map spots in the flood storage and stagnation area range with the design recurrence standard of 20-50 years and the flood control planning and determined in step (1) and step (2) as the map spots in the flood storage and stagnation area range, and deducting the map spots of ' forbidden development area-flood regulation and ' limited development area-flood regulation ', extracting the parts into a water safety guarantee guide area, establishing a function area attribute field for the map spots and marking the parts into a ' water safety guarantee guide area-flood regulation and accumulation area ';

(1) And dividing the river, lake and bank belt types into a dike-carrying type and a dike-free type by using regional land utilization data.

The river and lake with dikes is provided with flood control dikes, the dikes are higher than the bank side, the river and lake are not directly influenced by peripheral non-point source pollution, and pattern spots in the range of the sand continents, the beach land, the flood area, the dikes and the dike protection land between the dikes of the two banks and the dike protection land on the back water side of the dikes are all extracted as the water quality purification space control range.

b, estimating the width of the river and lake vegetation buffer belt required by different runoff interception rates (60%, 70% and 80%) under different slopes by adopting a VFSMOD model. The gradient is divided into plain (0-0.5 degrees), micro-slope (0.5-2 degrees), slow slope (2-5 degrees) and slope (5-15 degrees), and other parameters needing to be input comprise: soil type, total rainfall, vegetation coverage factor, runoff source region length.

(2) And (3) superposing and integrating the control range of the water purification space extracted by the step a and the pattern spots of the width range of the river and lake buffer zone when the estimated water purification space reaches 60% of runoff interception rate, extracting the pattern spots of the width range of the river and lake buffer zone when the estimated water purification space reaches 70% of runoff interception rate as a development forbidding area, extracting the pattern spots of the width range of the river and lake buffer zone when the estimated water purification space reaches 80% of runoff interception rate as a water safety guarantee guide area, and creating functional area attribute fields for the pattern spots, wherein the fields are respectively marked as 'development forbidding area-water purification', 'development limiting area-water purification', 'water safety guarantee guide area-water purification'.

S4, obtaining the preliminary results of the water ecological space control range and the functional area

And overlapping and integrating the pattern spots of the development prohibition area, the development limit area and the water safety guarantee guide area in the water ecology supply service space, the water ecology support service space and the water ecology adjustment service space control range and the functional area extraction result to obtain a preliminary result of the water ecology space control range. The method comprises the steps of superposing and integrating the image spots of the development forbidden areas, extracting the image spots as the initial result of the water ecological development forbidden areas, establishing an initial functional area attribute field for the image spots, and marking the field as the development forbidden area-initial result. And superposing and integrating the image spots of the limited development areas, deducting the part of the image spots of the 'development forbidden area-preliminary result', extracting the image spots of the preliminary result of the water ecological limited development area, establishing a preliminary function area attribute field for the image spots, and marking the field as the 'development limited area-preliminary result'. And deducting the parts of the map spots of 'development forbidden area-initial result' and 'development limited area-initial result' from the initial result of the water ecological space control range, extracting the map spots as the initial result of the water safety guarantee guiding area, establishing an initial functional area attribute field for the map spots, and marking as 'water safety guarantee guiding area-initial result'.

S5 ecological risk area identification

S5.1 regional future land use classification prediction

And predicting future land use classification conditions of the region based on historical and current land use classification data by using a GeoSOS-FLUS model.

S5.2 identifying and extracting ecological risk areas

(1) Assigning the land types of the current land utilization classification data and the future land utilization classification prediction data respectively, wherein the relative value of the assignment is determined according to the ecological service value of different land types from high to low: water area > woodland > grassland > cultivated land > unused land > construction land.

(2) And performing raster layer operation, subtracting the future land utilization classification prediction data from the current land utilization classification data to obtain a regional future land utilization classification data change result, extracting a region with a raster value being a negative number as an ecological risk region, and converting the extracted grid data of the ecological risk region into vector data pattern spots.

S6, obtaining the final result of the water ecological space control range and the functional area

Superposing and intersecting the ecological risk area pattern spots extracted in the S5 with the water ecological space control range and the function area preliminary result pattern spots, identifying the intersected ecological risk area pattern spots one by one, wherein a principle which is positioned in the water ecological space development prohibition area range is reserved, analyzing the ecological risk area pattern spots positioned in the water ecological space development limitation area and the water safety guarantee guide area, judging whether to insert the pattern spots and whether to adjust the function area, establishing a final function area attribute field for the pattern spots, and respectively marking a development prohibition area final result, a development limitation area final result and a water safety guarantee guide area final result to obtain the water ecological space control range and the function area final result pattern spots.

The method also comprises a water ecological space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction device, and is used for realizing the method, and the method comprises the following steps:

a data acquisition module: acquiring basic data required by each step of S1, S2, S3 and S5;

the water ecology supply service space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction module: implementing the steps of identifying and extracting the water source supply service space management and control range and the functional area in the S1;

the water ecology support service space management and control range and the functional area identification and extraction module: s2, identifying and extracting the management and control range and the functional area of the reclaimed water ecological support service space;

the water ecology adjustment service space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction module comprises: s3, identifying and extracting the management and control range and the functional area of the reclaimed water ecological regulation service space;

the water ecological space management and control range and functional area preliminary result acquisition module: s4, implementing the management and control range of the reclaimed water ecological space and the preliminary result of the functional area to obtain each step;

ecological risk area identification module: implementing each step of ecological risk area identification in S5;

a water ecological space control range and functional area final result acquisition module: and S6, implementing the steps of controlling the range of the reclaimed water ecological space and obtaining the final result of the functional area.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The water ecological management and control method is composed of a water ecological supply service space, a water ecological support service space and a water ecological regulation service space, and the water ecological management and control range and the functional area recognition and extraction method of the water ecological risk area are considered, so that the obtained result is scientific.

(2) The importance of regional ecological functions, the sensitivity of ecological environment and ecological risks are comprehensively considered, the existing wading management control line is combined to identify and extract the water ecological space control range and the functional areas, quantification and qualification are combined, evaluation results are considered, management practice is considered, the obtained results are more in line with actual management requirements, and the method is more targeted.

(3) The specific identification and extraction method of the three types of water ecological space functional areas, namely the water ecological space development forbidding area, the limited development area and the water safety guarantee guiding area, can realize the classification management and control of the water ecological space and is more targeted.

(4) The identification process integrates 6 water ecological space ecological service functions of water source supply, water source conservation, water and soil conservation, biological diversity maintenance, flood regulation, water quality purification and the like, and the obtained water ecological space management and control range is more complete.

(5) The ecological risk area is identified by combining land utilization change prediction and ecological system service value change, and the primary extraction result is corrected, so that the development change of a future area is considered in the final extraction result, and the method is more prospective.

(6) The water ecological space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction device disclosed by the invention realizes automatic identification and extraction and is more operable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the water ecological space management and control range and the identification and extraction process of functional areas according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.

The embodiment is recognition and extraction of the control range and the functional area of the ecological space of Tianjin city water, and the flow shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps:

1 water ecological supply service space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction

The water ecological supply service space mainly comprises a water source supply space and a water source conservation space, wherein the water source supply space is an ecological space for supplying water resources for living beings by taking water as a water source for life and production, and mainly comprises water covered areas such as canals, lakes, marshlands, beach lands, reservoir water surfaces, pit and pond water surfaces and the like and a shoreline thereof; the latter is the area that provides the water source and keeps back ecosystem service function, mainly is territory ecological space such as forest, meadow.

1.1 identification and extraction of water source supply space control range and functional area

(1) Acquiring Tianjin city land utilization vector data, retrieving land name attribute fields, identifying and extracting land utilization type pattern spots such as river water surfaces, lake water surfaces, reservoir water surfaces, pond water surfaces, reed lands, mud flats, ditches and marshlands as water source supply space control ranges;

(2) Acquiring the range patches of development-forbidden areas, various national and provincial natural protection areas, protection areas in water function areas and primary protection areas of drinking water sources determined in national and provincial main body function areas of Tianjin city, overlapping the range patches with the supply space range of the reclaimed water source in step (1), extracting the overlapped part patches as development-forbidden areas, establishing function area attribute fields for the patches, and marking the fields as 'development-forbidden areas-water source supply';

obtaining range patterns of a development-limiting area, a buffer area in a water functional area, a reserved area partially not developed and utilized temporarily, a drinking water source secondary protection area and a drinking water source quasi-protection area which are determined in national and provincial main body functional areas in Tianjin City. And (2) overlapping the range pattern spots of the limited development area, the buffer area, the reserved area and the secondary protection area of the drinking water source, which are determined in the national and provincial main body function areas, part of the reserved area and the secondary protection area which are not developed and utilized temporarily, with the range of the water source supply space in the step (1), and extracting the overlapped part of the pattern spots as the limited development area. The method comprises the steps that all map spots within the range of a drinking water source quasi-protection area are extracted to be a limited development area, a function area attribute field is newly established for the map spots, and the field is marked as 'limited development area-water source supply';

(3) And (2) extracting the area pattern spots of the water source supply control space range identified and extracted in the step (1) except the development forbidden area and the development limited area extracted in the steps (2) and (3) as a water safety guarantee guide area, establishing a function area attribute field for the pattern spots, and marking as 'water safety guarantee guide area-water source supply'.

1.2 identification and extraction of water source conservation space control range and functional area

And identifying and extracting the water source conservation space control range and the functional area through the water source conservation service function evaluation.

(1) Adopting a water balance equation to calculate the water source conservation quantity of fields with water source conservation functions, such as forests, bushes, grasslands, farmlands, cities, wetlands and the like in Tianjin city, and acquiring the water source conservation quantity grid data in the field range in the whole city range, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:

in the formula: CQ is total water source conservation quantity (m) ³ )，P _i Is rainfall (mm), R _i Is the surface runoff (mm), ET _i In terms of evapotranspiration (mm), A _i Is class i geosynthetic area (km) ² ) I is the ith type of land and j is the number of land types.

The earth surface runoff calculating method comprises the following steps:

R _i ＝P _i ×k

in the formula: r _i Is the surface runoff (mm), P _i The average rainfall (mm) for many years, k is the average surface runoff coefficient, and an empirical value is adopted.

The evaluation factor data is uniformly converted into raster data with the same spatial reference and spatial resolution (the spatial reference of the embodiment is WGS _1984 \/UTM \/zone 50N, the spatial resolution is 30 m) by methods of spatial interpolation, vector data conversion and the like, and the raster layer operation is utilized to obtain water source conservation quantity raster data according to a calculation formula, wherein a raster value is the water source conservation quantity.

(2) Dividing the water source conservation quantity into 5 levels according to a grid data value according to a natural breakpoint method, wherein the importance of representing the water source conservation is from high to low: the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of extracting important, highly important, generally important and unimportant grid data of important and above levels of water source conservation quantity into a water source conservation space control range, wherein the extremely important area is extracted as a development prohibition area, the highly important area is extracted as a limited development area, and the rest other areas are extracted as water safety guarantee guide areas. Converting the extracted water ecological conservation space control range and the grid data of the functional area into vector data pattern spots, and creating functional area attribute fields which are labeled as 'forbidden development area-water source conservation', 'limited development area-water source conservation' and 'water safety guarantee guiding area-water source conservation' in sequence.

2 water ecological support service space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction

The water ecology support service space mainly comprises a water and soil conservation space and a biodiversity maintenance space, wherein the water and soil conservation space is an area with important water and soil conservation functions and high water and soil loss sensitivity in an ecological system, and the area is used as a water ecology space for management and control and plays an important role in preventing and controlling water and soil loss of the area; the latter aims to protect rare or endangered organisms taking water areas and surrounding environments as important habitats and foraging places, and embodies the important role played by the water ecological space as a key component of the ecological space in the aspect of maintaining the diversity of the organisms.

2.1 recognition and extraction of water and soil conservation space control range and functional area

And identifying the important water and soil conservation function area and the sensitive water and soil loss area through the water and soil conservation function evaluation and the water and soil loss sensitivity evaluation, and extracting the water and soil conservation space control range and the functional area.

a, adopting the water and soil conservation function evaluation for correcting the general water and soil loss equation to obtain the water and soil loss amount grid data of the Tianjin city, wherein the formula is as follows:

SQ＝R×K×L×S×(1-C)

wherein SQ is water and soil retention (t/hm) ² A); r is rainfall erosion force factor (MJ. Mm/hm) ² H.a); k is soil erodability factor (t.hm) ² ·h/hm ² MJ · mm); l is a slope length factor, and S is a slope factor; c is vegetation coverage factor.

The calculation method of each factor is as follows:

erosive power factor of rainfall

Wherein R is the annual average annual rainfall erosion force (MJ.m)m/hm ² H.a); r half month k is rainfall erosion force of kth half month (MJ.mm/hm) ² H.a); k is 24 months of the year, k =1, 2.., 24; i is the year of rainfall data used, i =1, 2.., n; j is the number of days of the ith k-th half-moon erosive rainy day, j =1, 2.., m; p is _i，j，k For the ith year, kth and jth half-moon, erosive daily rainfall (mm). α is a parameter, α =0.3937 in warm seasons and α =0.3101 in cold seasons.

Soil erodability factor

K＝(-0.01383+0.51575K _EPIC )×0.1317

K _EPIC ＝{0.2+0.3exp[-0.0256m(1-m _silt /100)]}×[m _silt /(m _c +m _silt )] ^0.3

×{1-0.25orgC/[orgC+exp(3.72-2.95orgC)]}

×{1-0.7(1-m _s /100)/{(1-m _s /100)+exp[-5.51+22.9(1-m _s /100)]}}

Wherein KEPIC represents the soil erodibility factor before correction, K represents the soil erodibility factor after correction, and m _c 、m _silt 、m _s And orgC is the percentage content (%) of clay particles (< 0.002 mm), powder particles (0.002 mm-0.05 mm), sand particles (0.05 mm-2 mm) and organic carbon, respectively.

Factor of length and gradient of slope

And respectively extracting two raster image layers of the slope and the slope length according to the DEM data and the attributes.

Vegetation coverage factor

Assigning values of 0, 0.01 and 0.7 to paddy fields, water wetland, towns and deserts respectively according to land types and vegetation coverage, and converting dry lands according to the vegetation coverage, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:

C _{early stage} ＝0.221-0.595logc ₁

In the formula, C _{Dry land} Vegetation coverage factor for dry land, c ₁ Vegetation coverage in decimal form.

The remaining plot types were assigned values for different vegetation coverage as shown in table 1. The vegetation coverage is calculated by using a landsat8 OLI image and adopting a pixel dichotomy.

TABLE 1

The evaluation factor data is uniformly converted into raster data with the same spatial reference and spatial resolution (the spatial reference of the embodiment is WGS _1984 \/UTM \/zone 50N, the spatial resolution is 30 m) by methods of spatial interpolation, vector data conversion and the like, and raster image layer operation is utilized to obtain water and soil retention quantity raster data according to a calculation formula, wherein a raster value is the water and soil retention quantity.

b, dividing the value of the grid data of the loss of water and soil of Tianjin city into 5 grades by using a natural breakpoint method, and representing the importance of the water and soil conservation function from high to low as: the method comprises the steps of extracting grid data of regions with important and higher levels of water and soil conservation functions into a water and soil conservation function space control range, wherein the regions with the important and higher levels are extracted into development forbidden regions, the regions with the high importance are extracted into development limited regions, and the rest regions are extracted into water safety guarantee guide regions. Converting the extracted water and soil conservation function space control range and the extracted functional area grid data into vector data pattern spots, creating functional area attribute fields for the pattern spots, and sequentially marking the fields as 'development prohibition area-water and soil conservation function', 'development limitation area-water and soil conservation function', 'water safety guarantee guide area-water and soil conservation function'.

(2) Identifying and extracting a water and soil conservation space control range and functional areas based on water and soil loss sensitivity evaluation, and performing water and soil loss sensitivity evaluation by adopting a general water and soil loss equation principle to obtain water and soil loss sensitivity index grid data of Tianjin city, wherein the formula is as follows:

in the formula: SS _i For the i space unit soil erosion susceptibility index, the evaluation factor includes rainfall erosion force (R) _i ) Erodability of soil(K _i ) Topographic relief (LS) _i ) Surface vegetation cover (C) _i )。R _i 、K _i 、C _i Factor calculation method and Water and soil conservation function evaluation factor calculation method, relief (LS) _i ) The maximum height difference in a certain distance range from the ground.

The factor data is uniformly converted into raster data with the same spatial reference and spatial resolution (the spatial reference of the embodiment is WGS _1984 \/UTM \/zone 50N, the spatial resolution is 30 m) by methods of spatial interpolation, vector data conversion and the like, the raster data is assigned according to the classification standard of a table 3, then raster layer operation is carried out to obtain raster data of the water and soil loss sensitivity evaluation result, the water and soil loss sensitivity evaluation result is classified according to the classification standard of a table 2 according to the raster value, the sensitivity level of the water and soil loss sensitivity evaluation result is judged, and the numerical values are respectively from low to high: insensitive, mildly sensitive, moderately sensitive, highly sensitive and extremely sensitive.

TABLE 2

Index (es)	Is not sensitive	Slight sensitivity	Moderate sensitivity	High sensitivity	Is extremely sensitive
						Erosive power of rainfall (R) _i )	＜25	25-100	100-400	400-600	＞600
Erodability of soil (K) _i )	＜0.27	0.27-0.42	0.42-0.52	0.52-0.62	＞0.62
						Topographic relief (LS) _i )	＜20	20-50	50-100	100-300	＞300
Surface vegetation cover (C) _i )	≥80	60-80	40-60	20-40	≤20
						Single factor assignment	1	3	5	7	9
Grading standard for water loss and soil erosion sensitivity	1-2	2.1-4	4.1-6	6.1-8	＞8

b, acquiring the fruit vector data of the key water and soil loss prevention area and the key treatment area of the country, province and city within the Tianjin city.

And c, extracting medium-sensitive and above-grade grid data of water and soil loss sensitivity, converting the medium-sensitive and above-grade grid data into vector data pattern spots, superposing the vector data pattern spots with pattern spots of a water and soil loss key prevention area and a key treatment area to obtain a union set, extracting a water and soil loss sensitive space control range as a result, extracting a high-sensitive area as a development-forbidden area, a high-sensitive area as a development-limited area, extracting other areas as a water safety guarantee guide area, building a function area attribute field for the pattern spots, and sequentially marking the areas as a development-forbidden area-water and soil loss sensitive area, a development-limited area-water and soil loss sensitive area, and a water safety guarantee guide area-water and soil loss sensitive area.

(3) And (3) superposing and summing the 'development forbidden area-water and soil conservation function' extracted in the step (1) and the 'development forbidden area-water and soil erosion sensitivity' vector data pattern spot extracted in the step (2) to serve as a development forbidden area in a water and soil conservation space management and control range, and modifying the attribute field of the pattern spot function area, wherein the attribute field is marked as 'development forbidden area-water and soil conservation'. Overlapping and solving a union set of the extracted 'limit development area-water and soil conservation function' and the extracted 'limit development area-water and soil loss sensitive' vector data pattern spots, deducting a 'forbidden development area-water and soil conservation' pattern spot range to serve as a limit development area in a water and soil conservation space control range, and modifying the attribute field of the pattern spot function area and marking as 'limit development area-water and soil conservation'. And (3) extracting the patterns except the determined 'forbidden development area-water and soil conservation' and 'limited development area-water and soil conservation' from the patterns extracted in the steps (1) and (2) to be water safety guarantee guide areas, modifying attribute fields of the pattern function areas, and marking as 'water safety guarantee guide areas-water and soil conservation'.

2.2 biodiversity maintenance of space control Range and functional area identification and extraction

(1) Selecting important endangered rare organisms such as a water area and a surrounding environment as important habitats, foraging places and the like in Tianjin city as indicator species, namely the ciconia orientalis, the white-pillow crane and the swan;

(2) Carrying out species probability distribution simulation by using a Maxent model, drawing an ROC curve, wherein the area of the region enclosed by the ROC curve and the abscissa is 0.94, obtaining distribution prediction probability grid data of each indicated species by the model through effectiveness verification, and representing species distribution suitability by a grid data value, namely a species distribution probability;

the Maxent model requires mainly input variables: firstly, known distribution points of the ciconia boyciana, the cichorus albus and the swan, which are obtained through wetland investigation and document, specimen and database retrieval, are input into a model 'samples' module by latitude and longitude in a csv format file; secondly, according to the biological characteristics of the species, an environment image layer closely related to the species distribution is manufactured, and the selected environment factors comprise: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing each environment map layer into raster data, and exporting the raster data into an ASCII raster format (.asc) file input model.

(3) Dividing the distribution prediction probability grid value of each indicated species into 5 levels according to a natural breakpoint method, wherein the relative species distribution suitability of a characterization region is as follows from high to low: the method is suitable for the environment, marginal suitable for the environment and unsuitable for the environment, and extracts the areas suitable for the environment and higher levels into a biological diversity maintenance space management and control range, wherein the most suitable area is an area forbidden to be developed, the highly suitable area is an area limited to be developed, and the rest other areas are extracted into water safety guarantee guide areas. And converting the extracted biodiversity maintenance space control range and the functional area grid data into vector data pattern spots, and establishing functional area attribute fields for the pattern spots, wherein the fields are labeled as 'forbidden development area-biological maintenance', 'limited development area-biological maintenance' and 'water safety guarantee guide area-biological maintenance' in sequence.

3 water ecological regulation service space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction

The water ecological regulation service space mainly comprises a flood regulation and storage space and a water quality purification space, wherein the flood regulation and storage space is an ecological space which plays an important regulation role on river runoff by wetlands such as river galleries, lakes, marshes and the like, and can play roles in reducing flood peaks, retaining rainwater, supplementing underground water and reducing flood; the latter is shown as the intercepting and purifying effect of the river and lake buffer zone on non-point source pollution, maintains good physical and chemical metabolic environment of pollutants, and improves the purifying capacity of the environment.

3.1 flood regulation space management and control scope and functional area identification and extraction

(1) And identifying and extracting flood inundation ranges of 10-year-one meeting, 20-year-one meeting, 50-year-one meeting and 100-year-one meeting in Tianjin city by using an active flood inundation method by using an SCS model.

Firstly, acquiring multi-year rainfall data of Tianjin city, and determining extreme daily rainfall at different recurrence periods of 10-year-one meeting, 20-year-one meeting, 50-year-one meeting and 100-year-one meeting.

Then, simulating rainfall runoff depths in different recurrence periods based on an SCS model to form a runoff depth grid map, wherein a runoff depth calculation formula is as follows:

q is runoff depth (mm); p is the total amount of one rainfall (mm); i is _a The initial loss of rainfall mainly refers to infiltration, closure, surface water storage and the like; and S is the maximum water retention (mm) possible.

Wherein the calculation formula of S is as follows:

CN is a comprehensive parameter reflecting the characteristics of the watershed before rainfall, and the value of CN is determined by the soil moisture degree in the early period, the soil type and the land utilization condition.

And thirdly, based on DEM data in Tianjin City, referring to basic water system data, and extracting the range of the water collecting area by using a hydrological analysis tool.

And finally, calculating and extracting rainfall flood submerging ranges of Tianjin city in different reproduction periods by utilizing the range and runoff depth data of the water collecting area and adopting an active flood submerging method and using the surface volume of the 3D analysis module, and converting the rainfall flood submerging ranges into vector data spots.

(2) And obtaining vector data pattern spots of the stagnant flood storage areas in the Tianjin environment and design reproduction standards thereof determined in flood control plans such as national stagnant flood storage area construction and management plans and the like.

3.2 identification and extraction of water quality purification space control range and functional area

(1) And dividing the types of river, lake and bank zones into a dike-carrying type and a dike-free type by using land utilization data in Tianjin City.

The river and lake with dikes is provided with flood control dikes which are higher than the bank sides, the river and lake are not directly influenced by the pollution of peripheral non-point sources, and the range of a sandbank, a beach land, a flood area, the dike and a dike protection land between the dikes of the two banks and the dike protection land on the back water side of the dikes are all divided into water quality purification spaces.

b, estimating the width of the river and lake vegetation buffer belt required by different runoff interception rates (60%, 70% and 80%) under different slopes by adopting a VFSMOD model. The gradient is divided into plain (0-0.5 degree), micro slope (0.5-2 degree), slow slope (2-5 degree), slope (5-15 degree), other parameters needing to be input include: soil type, total rainfall, vegetation coverage factor, runoff source region length.

(2) And (b) superposing and integrating the water purification space defined by the step a and the pattern spots of the width range of the river and lake buffer zone when the estimated runoff interception rate reaches 60 percent, extracting the pattern spots in the width range of the river and lake buffer zone when the estimated runoff interception rate reaches 70 percent as a development forbidden area, extracting the pattern spots in the width range of the river and lake buffer zone when the estimated runoff interception rate reaches 80 percent as a water safety guarantee guide area, and creating functional area attribute fields for the pattern spots, wherein the fields are respectively marked as 'development forbidden area-water purification', 'development limited area-water purification', 'water safety guarantee guide area-water purification'.

4 obtaining the preliminary results of the water ecological space control range and the functional area

Overlaying and integrating the pattern spots of the development prohibition area, the development limit area and the water safety guarantee guide area in the extraction results of the water ecology supply service space, the water ecology support service space, the water ecology adjustment service space and the functional area to obtain a preliminary result of the water ecology space management and control range; the method comprises the steps of acquiring a development-forbidden area-primary result image spot, establishing a primary function area attribute field for the image spot, and marking the field as a development-forbidden area-primary result; overlapping and solving a union set of the image spots of all the limited development areas, deducting the part of the image spots of the 'development forbidden area-preliminary result', extracting the image spots of the preliminary result of the water ecological limited development area, establishing a preliminary functional area attribute field for the image spots, and marking the field as the 'limited development area-preliminary result'; and deducting the parts of the map spots of 'development forbidden area-initial result' and 'development limited area-initial result' from the initial result of the water ecological space control range, extracting the map spots as the initial result of the water safety guarantee guiding area, establishing an initial functional area attribute field for the map spots, and marking as 'water safety guarantee guiding area-initial result'.

5 ecological Risk area identification

The ecological risk evaluation represents the possible adverse effect of one or more interferences on the ecological system and components thereof, and the determination of the water ecological space management and control range and the functional area considers ecological risk factors in addition to the importance and ecological sensitivity of the service function of the ecological system, identifies the ecological risk area and brings the ecological risk area into the water ecological space functional area, so that the water ecological space management and control range is more scientific and reasonable.

And identifying the ecological risk area by combining the change of the service value of the ecological system based on the detection of the land utilization change.

5.1 area future land use prediction

And predicting the future land utilization classification condition of Tianjin city based on historical and current land utilization classification data by using a GeoSOS-FLUS model.

(1) And (3) acquiring two-stage land utilization classification data of history (2015) and current situation (2020), and predicting the land utilization classification prediction data of Tianjin city in 2030 years in the future by using a Markov model as the first input of the GeoSOS-FLUS model.

(2) And selecting a land utilization change driving factor as a second input of the GeoSOS-FLUS model according to a land utilization change result and the whole-market land planning guidance, wherein the driving factor is selected from the aspects of natural factors, economic factors and social factors 3 (the following table 3):

TABLE 3

(3) According to the land utilization change result and the planning guidance of the land for the whole city, neighborhood influence factors are set, the value range is 0-1 (1 represents that the expansion capability of the land type is strongest, and 0 represents that the expansion capability of the land type is weakest), the neighborhood influence factors are used as the third input of the GeoSOS-FLUS model, and the neighborhood influence factors of Tianjin city in the embodiment are set as the following table 4.

TABLE 4

Type of land use	Woodlands	Grass land	Cultivation of land	Land for construction	Water area	Unused ground
							Neighborhood influence factor	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.8	0.2	0.1

(4) According to the land utilization change result, regional land planning guidance and the like, a conversion cost factor is set to be 0 or 1 (1 represents that a certain land type can be converted into another land type, and 0 represents that the conversion cannot be performed) and used as a fourth input of the GeoSOS-FLUS model, and the neighborhood influence factor of Tianjin city is set as the following table 5.

TABLE 5

Conversion cost factor	Woodlands	Grass land	Cultivation of land	Land for construction	Water area	Unused land
							Woodlands	1	1	1	0	0	0
Grass land	1	1	1	1	1	1
							Cultivation of land	1	1	1	1	1	0
Land for construction	0	0	0	1	0	0
							Water area	0	1	1	1	1	0
Unused land	1	1	1	1	1	1

(5) Inputting the four input data into a GeoSOS-FLUS model for running, predicting 2020-year land utilization classified data by 2015-year land utilization classified data, comparing the predicted result with 2020-year actual data, and performing simulation precision test by using a Kappa coefficient (the Kappa coefficient of the embodiment is 93.6%).

(6) And operating the model passing the precision test, predicting the land utilization classification data of Tianjin City in 2030 year according to the current land utilization classification data, and outputting a prediction result.

5.2 identifying and extracting ecological Risk areas

(1) Assigning land types of the 2020 land use classification data and the 2030 year land use classification prediction data respectively, wherein the relative assignment is sequentially from high to low according to the ecological service value of different land types: water area > woodland > grassland > cultivated land > unused land > construction land, see table 6 below.

TABLE 6

Type of land use	Woodlands	Grass land	Cultivation of land	Land for construction	Water area	Unused ground
							Assignment of value	5	4	3	1	6	2

(2) And performing raster image layer operation, subtracting the 2030-year land utilization classification prediction data from the 2020-year land utilization classification data to obtain a land utilization classification data change result in Tianjin city, extracting an area with a raster value of negative number as an ecological risk area, and converting the extracted grid data of the ecological risk area into a vector data pattern spot.

6 obtaining the final result of the water ecological space control range and the functional area

Superposing the ecological risk area pattern spots extracted in the step 5 with the water ecological space control range and the function area initial result pattern spots to obtain intersections, identifying the intersected ecological risk area pattern spots one by one, wherein the principle of being positioned in the water ecological space development prohibition area is reserved, analyzing the ecological risk area pattern spots positioned in the water ecological space development limitation development area and the water safety guarantee guide area, judging whether to insert the pattern spots and perform function area adjustment, establishing final function area attribute fields for the pattern spots, and respectively marking 'development prohibition area-final result', 'development limitation development area-final result', 'water safety guarantee guide area-final result', so as to obtain the water ecological space control range and the function area final result pattern spots.

The basic data and sources required for the identification and extraction process are shown in table 7 below:

TABLE 7

The embodiment further provides, as shown in fig. 2, a device for identifying and extracting a water ecological space management and control range and a functional area, which is used for implementing the method, and includes:

a data acquisition module: acquiring basic data required by each step of the steps 1,2, 3 and 5;

the water ecology supply service space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction module comprises: identifying and extracting the water source supply service space control range and the functional area in the step 1;

the water ecology support service space management and control range and the functional area identification and extraction module: implementing the steps of identifying and extracting the management and control range and the functional area of the reclaimed water ecological support service space in the step 2;

the water ecological regulation service space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction module comprises: identifying and extracting the management and control range and the functional area of the reclaimed water ecological regulation service space in the step 3;

the water ecological space management and control range and functional area preliminary result acquisition module: implementing the step 4, acquiring the primary results of the water ecological space control range and the functional area;

ecological risk area identification module: implementing each step of ecological risk area identification in the step 5;

a water ecological space control range and functional area final result acquisition module: and 6, implementing the water ecological space control range and the final result of the functional area in the step 6 to obtain each step.

Claims

1. The water ecological space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s2, identifying and extracting a water ecological support service space control range and a functional area;

s5, recognizing ecological risk areas;

s6, obtaining a water ecological space control range and a final result of a functional area;

the S1 water ecology supply service space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction method comprises the following substeps:

(1) Acquiring regional land utilization vector data, retrieving a land name attribute field, identifying and extracting a specific land utilization type pattern spot as a water source supply space control range;

(3) Acquiring range patterns of a development limiting area, a buffer area in a water function area, a reserved area partially not developed and utilized temporarily, a drinking water source secondary protection area and a drinking water source quasi-protection area which are determined in the national and provincial main body function divisions; overlapping the range pattern spots of the limited development area, the buffer area, the reserved area and the secondary protection area of the drinking water source which are determined in the national and provincial main body functional regions, part of the range pattern spots which are not developed and utilized temporarily and the range pattern spots of the secondary protection area of the drinking water source with the supply space range of the water source in the step (1), and extracting the overlapped part of the pattern spots into the limited development area; extracting all the map spots of the range of the quasi-protection area of the drinking water source into a limited development area, creating a function area attribute field for the map spots, and marking the field as 'limited development area-water source supply';

(4) Extracting the area pattern spots of the water source supply control space range identified and extracted in the step (1) except the development-forbidden area and the development-limited area extracted in the steps (2) and (3) as a water safety guarantee guide area, creating a function area attribute field for the pattern spots, and marking as 'water safety guarantee guide area-water source supply';

(1) Calculating the water source conservation quantity of the area with the water source conservation function by adopting a water quantity balance equation, and acquiring grid data of the water source conservation quantity of the area, wherein a grid data value is the water source conservation quantity;

(2) Dividing the water source conservation quantity into 5 levels according to a grid data value according to a natural breakpoint method, wherein the importance of representing the water source conservation is from high to low: the method comprises the steps of extracting important and highly important, generally important and unimportant grid data of the important and above-level water conservation quantity into a water conservation space control range, wherein an extremely important area is extracted as a development prohibition area, a highly important area is extracted as a development limitation area, and the rest other areas are extracted as water safety guarantee guide areas; converting the extracted grid data of the water ecological conservation space control range and the functional area into vector data pattern spots, creating functional area attribute fields for the pattern spots, and sequentially marking the fields as 'development forbidding area-water source conservation', 'development limiting area-water source conservation' and 'water safety guarantee guiding area-water source conservation'.

2. The method for identifying and extracting water ecological space management and control range and functional area according to claim 1, wherein the step of identifying and extracting the water ecological support service space management and control range and functional area comprises the following substeps:

a, adopting a corrected general water and soil loss equation to evaluate a water and soil conservation function, and acquiring grid data of regional water and soil loss, wherein a value of the grid data is the water and soil conservation quantity;

b, dividing the value of the water and soil loss grid data into 5 levels by using a natural breakpoint method, wherein the importance of representing the water and soil conservation function is as follows: the method comprises the steps of extracting grid data of which the importance of a water and soil conservation function is important and above levels into a water and soil conservation function space control range, wherein the extremely important region is extracted as a development prohibition region, the highly important region is extracted as a development limitation region, and the rest regions are extracted as water safety guarantee guide regions; converting the extracted water and soil conservation function space control range and the extracted functional area grid data into vector data pattern spots, creating functional area attribute fields for the pattern spots, and sequentially marking the fields as 'development prohibition area-water and soil conservation function', 'development limitation area-water and soil conservation function', 'water safety guarantee guide area-water and soil conservation function';

a, evaluating the water and soil loss sensitivity by adopting a general water and soil loss equation principle to obtain grid data of regional water and soil loss sensitivity indexes, classifying the water and soil loss sensitivity evaluation results according to a grid value, and judging the sensitivity level of the evaluation results, wherein the numerical values are respectively from low to high: insensitivity, mild sensitivity, moderate sensitivity, high sensitivity, and extreme sensitivity;

b, acquiring range patterns of a key water and soil loss prevention area and a key treatment area of countries and provinces and cities in the area;

c, extracting medium and above-grade grid data of water and soil loss sensitivity, converting the grid data into vector data pattern spots, superposing the vector data pattern spots with pattern spots of a water and soil loss key prevention area and a key treatment area to obtain a union set, extracting a water and soil loss sensitive space control range as a result, extracting a very sensitive area as a development prohibition area, a highly sensitive area as a development limitation area and the rest areas as water safety guarantee guide areas; creating a function area attribute field for the pattern spot, and sequentially marking the function area attribute field as 'development forbidden area-sensitive to water and soil loss', 'development limited area-sensitive to water and soil loss', 'water safety guarantee guide area-sensitive to water and soil loss';

(3) Superposing and integrating the 'development forbidden area-water and soil conservation function' extracted in the step (1) and the 'development forbidden area-water and soil loss sensitive' vector data pattern spot extracted in the step (2) to serve as a development forbidden area in the water and soil conservation space control range, and modifying the attribute field of the pattern spot function area, wherein the attribute field is marked as 'development forbidden area-water and soil conservation'; superposing and integrating the 'limit development area-water and soil conservation function' extracted in the step (1) and the 'limit development area-water and soil loss sensitive' vector data pattern spots extracted in the step (2), deducting a 'forbidden development area-water and soil conservation' pattern spot range to serve as a limit development area in a water and soil conservation space control range, and modifying pattern spot function area attribute fields marked as 'limit development area-water and soil conservation'; extracting the pattern spots except the determined 'forbidden development area-water and soil conservation' and 'limited development area-water and soil conservation' from the pattern spots extracted in the step (1) and the step (2) into a water safety guarantee guide area, and modifying attribute fields of the pattern spot function area and marking the field as the 'water safety guarantee guide area-water and soil conservation';

(2) Carrying out species probability distribution simulation by using a Maxent model, and obtaining distribution prediction probability grid data of each indication species after model validity verification, wherein a grid data value is a species distribution probability;

(3) Dividing the distribution prediction probability grid value of each indicated species into 5 levels according to a natural breakpoint method, wherein the relative species distribution suitability of a characterization region is as follows from high to low: the method comprises the following steps of (1) extracting an optimum region, a highly appropriate region, a medium appropriate region, a barely appropriate region and an unsuitable region, wherein the optimum region is extracted as a development prohibition region, the highly appropriate region is extracted as a development limitation region, and the rest of regions are extracted as water safety guarantee guide regions; and converting the extracted biodiversity maintenance space control range and the functional area raster data into vector data image spots, and creating functional area attribute fields for the image spots, wherein the fields are labeled as 'development prohibition area-biological maintenance', 'development limitation area-biological maintenance', 'water safety guarantee guide area-biological maintenance' in sequence.

3. The method for identifying and extracting water ecological space management and control range and functional area according to claim 1, wherein the step of identifying and extracting the water ecological regulation service space management and control range and functional area comprises the following substeps:

(1) Identifying and extracting the flooding ranges of the areas in 10-year-first meeting, 20-year-first meeting, 50-year-first meeting and 100-year-first meeting by using an active flood flooding method by using an SCS model;

(2) Acquiring vector data pattern spots of a flood storage and stagnation area range defined in a flood control plan and a design reproduction standard thereof;

(3) Overlaying and integrating the map spots of the storage and stagnation area range with the design reproduction standard of 10 years and below determined by flood control planning in step (1) and step (2), extracting the map spots into a development-prohibited area, creating a functional area attribute field for the map spots, and marking the attribute field as 'development-prohibited area-flood regulation and storage'; superposing and integrating the map spots in the range of the flood storage and stagnant flood area with the 20-year flood inundation range in the step (1) and the design reproduction standard determined by the flood control planning in the step (2) of 10 to 20 years, deducting the residual part after the map spots in the 'development-prohibited area-flood regulation' are extracted as a development-limited area, establishing a function area attribute field for the map spots, and marking the field as 'development-limited area-flood regulation'; superposing and integrating the map spots of the flood storage and stagnation area range with the design recurrence standard of 20-50 years determined by the flood control planning in (1) and the flood control planning in (2) within the flooding-inundation range of 50-100 years, deducting the map spots of 'development-forbidden area-flood regulation-limited area-flood regulation', extracting the parts into a water safety guarantee guiding area, establishing a functional area attribute field for the map spots, and marking the parts into the water safety guarantee guiding area-flood regulation;

(1) Dividing the types of river, lake and shore zones into a dike-containing type and a dike-free type by using regional land utilization data;

a, the river and lake with the dike is provided with a flood control dike, the dike is higher than the bank, the river and lake are not directly influenced by the pollution of peripheral non-point sources, and the pattern spots in the range of the sandbank, the beach land, the flood area, the dike and the dike protection land between the dikes of the two dikes and the dike protection land on the back water side of the dike are all extracted as the control range of the water quality purification space;

b, estimating the width of the river and lake vegetation buffer belts required by different runoff interception rates at different slopes by adopting a VFSMOD model; the slope is divided into plain, micro slope, gentle slope, and other parameters needing to be input include: soil type, total rainfall, vegetation coverage factor, runoff source region length;

(2) And (b) superposing and integrating the control range of the water purification space extracted in the step (a) and the pattern spots of the width range of the river and lake buffer zone estimated in the step (b) when the runoff interception rate reaches 60% to extract the pattern spots as a development forbidden area, extracting the pattern spots in the width range of the river and lake buffer zone estimated in the step (b) when the runoff interception rate reaches 70% to extract a development limited area, extracting the pattern spots in the width range of the river and lake buffer zone estimated in the step (b) when the runoff interception rate reaches 80% to obtain a water safety guarantee guide area, and creating functional area attribute fields for the pattern spots, wherein the fields are respectively marked as 'development forbidden area-water purification', 'development limited area-water purification', 'water safety guarantee guide area-water purification'.

4. The method for identifying and extracting water ecological space management and control range and functional area according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein S4 obtains preliminary results of water ecological space management and control range and functional area, and comprises the following sub-steps:

supplying water ecology to a service space, a water ecology support service space and a water ecology regulation service space control range and extracting pattern spots of a development prohibition area, a development limitation area and a water safety guarantee guide area in the results of functional area extraction, and overlapping and integrating the pattern spots to obtain a preliminary result of the water ecology space control range; the method comprises the following steps of acquiring a development prohibition area image spot, extracting a water ecological development prohibition area initial result image spot, establishing an initial functional area attribute field for the image spot, and marking the initial functional area attribute field as a development prohibition area-initial result; overlapping and solving a union set of the image spots of all the limited development areas, deducting the part of the image spots of the 'development forbidden area-preliminary result', extracting the image spots of the preliminary result of the water ecological limited development area, establishing a preliminary functional area attribute field for the image spots, and marking the field as the 'limited development area-preliminary result'; and deducting the parts of the map spots of 'development forbidden area-initial result' and 'development limited area-initial result' from the initial result of the water ecological space control range, extracting the map spots as the initial result of the water safety guarantee guiding area, establishing an initial functional area attribute field for the map spots, and marking as 'water safety guarantee guiding area-initial result'.

5. The water ecological space management and control range and functional zone identification and extraction method according to claim 4, wherein S5 ecological risk area identification comprises the following substeps:

s5.1 region future land utilization classification prediction

Predicting future land utilization classification conditions of the region based on historical and current land utilization classification data by using a GeoSOS-FLUS model;

s5.2 identifying and extracting ecological risk areas

(1) Assigning the land types of the current land utilization classification data and the future land utilization classification prediction data respectively, wherein the relative value of the assignment is determined according to the ecological service value of different land types from high to low: water area > forest land > grassland > cultivated land > unused land > construction land;

(2) And performing grid layer operation, subtracting the future land utilization classification prediction data from the current land utilization classification data to obtain a regional future land utilization classification data change result, extracting a region with a grid value as a negative number to serve as an ecological risk region, and converting the grid data of the ecological risk region into vector data pattern spots.

6. The method for identifying and extracting water ecological space management and control range and functional area according to claim 5, wherein S6 obtains final results of water ecological space management and control range and functional area, and comprises the following sub-steps:

7. Water ecological space management and control scope and functional area identification and extraction device, characterized in that, is used for realizing the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, including:

the water ecological regulation service space management and control range and functional area identification and extraction module comprises: s3, identifying and extracting the management and control range and the functional area of the reclaimed water ecological regulation service space;

the water ecological space management and control range and functional area preliminary result acquisition module: s4, implementing the water ecological space control range and the preliminary result of the functional area to obtain each step;

the water ecological space control range and the final result acquisition module of the functional area: and S6, implementing the steps of controlling the range of the reclaimed water ecological space and obtaining the final result of the functional area.