CN115034468B - Method for predicting seabed erosion-deposition change after removal of silt coast spur dike or breakwater - Google Patents
Method for predicting seabed erosion-deposition change after removal of silt coast spur dike or breakwater Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting the erosion-deposition change of a seabed after a silt coast groyne or a breakwater is removed, which establishes a balance relation between the seabed and suspended sand exchange by utilizing the erosion-deposition balance state of the seabed before engineering implementation; in the process of exchanging the seabed with the suspended sand after the engineering is implemented, the corresponding sedimentation (or scouring) coefficient is calibrated through the terrain change after the spur dike or the breakwater is built, the scouring (or sedimentation) coefficient in the seabed is calibrated through the scouring and silting balance state of the seabed before the engineering is implemented, and finally the calibrated coefficient is applied to the exchange relation between the seabed and the suspended sand after the engineering is dismantled, so that the aim of predicting the scouring and silting change of the seabed after the engineering is dismantled is fulfilled, and the calculation precision is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a method for predicting seabed scouring sludge change after a muddy coast spur dike or a breakwater is dismantled.
Background
The spur dike is a common renovation building, and is frequently dismantled in real life along with the requirements of environment change and production. With the development of economy and the large-scale of ships, the dependence of partial ports on the original shielding conditions is weakened, and the problem of silt deposition caused by the weakening of hydrodynamic conditions of the breakwater is increasingly prominent, so that the breakwater is a necessary choice for solving the problem. The construction of the spur dike or the breakwater usually breaks the original erosion and deposition balance of the local water area to cause the erosion and deposition change of the seabed, and the removal of the spur dike or the breakwater breaks the new landform erosion and deposition balance after the construction. Therefore, the prediction of seabed scouring change after the breakwater is a core concern of key demolition engineering. However, silt in the muddy coast is mainly in suspended sand motion, seabed evolution is influenced by local hydrodynamic force, silt, terrain, shoreline boundaries and the like, the seabed evolution mechanism is very complex, and the like is particularly suitable for the vicinity of buildings such as spur dikes, breakwaters and the like.
Currently, three methods are generally adopted for predicting the seabed scouring and silting change in estuary coastal areas: two-dimensional and three-dimensional sediment mathematical model simulation, physical model test and semi-theoretical semi-empirical formula. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional sediment mathematical model simulates the movement of water and sediment and the erosion and deposition evolution of a seabed by solving an N-S equation and a sediment transport equation, however, the dynamic characteristics of the estuary coastal region are complex, and many sediment parameters in the mathematical model are difficult to determine, so that the calculation precision of the mathematical model is influenced to a great extent. The physical model test is to obtain a prediction result of the influence of seabed change by replaying the interaction condition of various dynamic environment conditions and engineering schemes under a small-scale condition through a hydraulic model test; however, the physical model has high manufacturing cost and long test period, and is limited by sites, so that the application of the method is limited to a certain extent. The semi-theoretical semi-empirical formula method is a simple and easy-to-use prediction formula obtained by theoretical derivation under appropriate generalized approximate conditions, and can obtain a prediction result with relatively high precision by combining measured data calibration parameters, and can meet the requirements of engineering application at some time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for predicting the seabed erosion-deposition change after the removal of a silt coast groyne or a breakwater, which designs a semi-theoretical and semi-empirical formula and is suitable for predicting the seabed erosion-deposition change after the removal of the silt coast groyne or the breakwater mainly based on tidal current.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for predicting seabed erosion-deposition change after a silt coast groyne or a breakwater is dismantled comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting seabed terrain data before the implementation of a sea area spur dike or breakwater project, seabed terrain data after the implementation of the spur dike or breakwater project, terrain actual measurement data under the current situation and field actual measurement hydrological test data;
s2: generating a research sea area calculation grid by adopting actual terrain measurement data under the current situation, establishing a project sea area tidal current mathematical model, selecting a representative tidal current form and tidal boundary conditions thereof, simulating a current field of the current situation sea area, and verifying a model simulation result by utilizing actual field measurement hydrological test data;
s3: generating a computational grid after the groyne or the groyne project is implemented by adopting seabed terrain data after the groyne or the groyne project is implemented, and simulating to obtain a tidal field after the project is implemented by utilizing the same tidal boundary condition of S2;
s4: calculating the landform erosion and deposition change of the spur dike or the breakwater engineering after the implementation by using a landform erosion and deposition change formula in a tidal current field in seabed landform data after the implementation of the spur dike or the breakwater engineering;
s5: calculating the terrain erosion and deposition change obtained in the step S4 according to a time scale to obtain annual erosion and deposition change thickness delta H;
s6: comparing the terrain data of the seabed before and after the construction of the spur dike or the breakwater engineering to obtain the actual measurement result of annual erosion and deposition change of the seabed after the construction;
s7: carrying out silt parameter calibration on the calculation result of the erosion change thickness in S5 years by utilizing the actual measurement result of the erosion change in years;
s8: generating a computational grid before the groyne or the groyne project is implemented by adopting sea bed topographic data before the groyne or the groyne project is implemented, and simulating to obtain a tidal field before the project is implemented by utilizing the same tidal boundary condition of S2;
s9: according to the tidal field before engineering implementation obtained in the S8, assuming that the seabed is in a scouring and silting balance state before engineering implementation, and further calibrating silt parameters;
s10: generating a calculation grid after the construction of the spur dike or the breakwater is dismantled by utilizing the actual shape measurement data under the current condition, and calculating the tidal field after the construction is dismantled by utilizing the same tidal boundary condition of S2;
s11: establishing the terrain erosion and deposition change formula of S4 by utilizing the tidal field obtained by calculation of S10, substituting the silt parameters rated by S7 and S9 into the formula, and calculating and predicting the annual erosion and deposition change thickness delta H of the terrain after the spur dike or breakwater engineering is dismantled;
s12: superposing the annual erosion and deposition change thickness delta H obtained in the step S11 to the grid terrain of the step S10, recalculating the tidal field by utilizing the superposed network, and repeating the step S11 to obtain the annual erosion and deposition change thickness delta H of the terrain of the second year;
s13: and repeating S10-12 until the annual erosion and deposition change thickness of the terrain tends to 0, and obtaining the erosion and deposition strength and the erosion and deposition balance state terrain of different years after the spur dike or breakwater engineering is dismantled.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
the terrain erosion and deposition change formula is as follows:
Δh＝ΔV/γ
wherein V is the amount of silt participating in terrain evolution, Q Ero Is the amount of washing away of the silt per unit area, Q Depo The sediment deposition amount of silt on a unit area is shown, delta h is the bed surface silt flushing amplitude, and gamma is the wet volume weight of silt;
flow rate U of frictional resistance of water flow * (t)＞U *cr The silt is washed, and the formula is referred to as Jin \38240:
in the formula, T Ero For the duration of washing mud and sand, from U * (t)＞U *cr Judging the conditions to obtain;
m is the scouring coefficient of the silt;
U *cr the sediment flow rate is calculated according to a sinus kernel sediment starting flow rate formula:
in the formula, the parameter k is 0.128; d is the median diameter of the silt; d' is equivalent grain size, and is 0.5mm when the corresponding grain size is less than 0.5mm; d * Taking 10mm; ρ is a unit of a gradient s Rho is the density of silt and water respectively,
the ratio of the dry volume weight of the silt to the stable dry volume weight; epsilon 0 The value of the comprehensive binding power coefficient is related to the physical and chemical properties of the particles, the clay content and the deposition environment; delta is the water thickness parameter of the film; />
U * (t) converting the flow velocity logarithmic distribution formula of the rough area of the reference sinus kernel to obtain:
in the formula of U m Calculating the water depth average flow velocity for the two-dimensional flow digital model; delta is the rough height of the bed surface;
sediment deposition Q in the whole tide process Depo Reference to gold 38240:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the average sand concentration of the silt is obtained; omega s The moving water sedimentation speed of the silt; h is the full water depth; t is Depo For the deposition of silt, from U * (t)＜U *cr Judging the conditions to obtain; and epsilon is the turbulent exchange coefficient of the silt.
If the actual measurement data is a multi-year terrain scouring and silting change result, iterative calculation is carried out, namely, the delta H obtained in the first year is firstly superposed in the grid terrain, S4 and S5 are repeated to obtain the delta H, \ 8230in the second year, and the period of the scouring and silting change is calculated to be consistent with the actual measurement terrain period;
and then according to S6 and S7, calibrating the sediment parameters according to the actually measured terrain change result, and adjusting the parameters until the annual erosion change thickness calculation result conforms to the actually measured result.
In S7 described above, if the actual topography is silted, the amount of silting Q is calibrated Depo Parameter (2) such as U *cr、 ω s E, etc., and if the actual terrain is scoured, the scour amount Q is calibrated Ero Parameter U in *cr 、M。
In the above S9, assuming that the seabed is in a scouring and silting balance state before the engineering is implemented, the following conditions are satisfied:
Q Ero ＝Q Depo
deposition Q calibrated by S7 Depo Or the amount of flushing Q Ero The parameters in (3) are further calibrated through the relational expression to obtain the scouring quantity Q Ero Or the amount of sedimentation Q Depo The parameter (1) of (1).
In the above S13, when the annual erosion-deposition thickness of the landform is 0, the obtained annual Δ H is the erosion-deposition strength of the spur dike or the breakwater project in different years after the removal, and the obtained landform is the erosion-deposition balanced state landform of the spur dike or the breakwater project after the removal.
In the above step S13, the age limit of the land form scouring and silting balance after the spur dike or the breakwater is removed can also be obtained.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the scouring and silting balance state of the seabed before engineering implementation to establish the balance relationship between the seabed and suspended sand exchange; in the process of exchanging the seabed with the suspended sand after the engineering is implemented, the corresponding sedimentation (or scouring) coefficient is calibrated through the terrain change after the spur dike or the breakwater is built, the scouring (or sedimentation) coefficient in the seabed is calibrated through the scouring and silting balance state of the seabed before the engineering is implemented, and finally the calibrated coefficient is applied to the exchange relation between the seabed and the suspended sand after the engineering is dismantled, so that the aim of predicting the scouring and silting change of the seabed after the engineering is dismantled is fulfilled, and the calculation precision is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for predicting the seabed scouring silt change after the removal of the muddy coast groyne or breakwater comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting seabed terrain data before the implementation of a sea area spur dike or breakwater project, seabed terrain data after the implementation of the spur dike or breakwater project, terrain actual measurement data under the current situation and field actual measurement hydrological test data;
s2: generating a research sea area calculation grid by adopting actual terrain measurement data under the current situation, establishing a project sea area tidal current mathematical model, selecting a representative tidal form (including continuous large, medium and small tide processes) and tidal boundary conditions thereof, simulating a current field of the current situation sea area, and verifying a model simulation result by utilizing the actual field measurement hydrological test data;
s3: generating a computational grid after the groyne or the groyne project is implemented by adopting seabed terrain data after the groyne or the groyne project is implemented, and simulating to obtain a tidal field after the project is implemented by utilizing the same tidal boundary condition of S2;
s4: calculating the landform erosion and deposition change of the spur dike or the breakwater engineering after the implementation by using a landform erosion and deposition change formula in a tidal current field in seabed landform data after the implementation of the spur dike or the breakwater engineering;
the landform erosion and deposition change formula is as follows:
Δh＝ΔV/γ
wherein V is the amount of silt participating in terrain evolution, Q Ero The washing amount of the silt per unit area, Q Depo The sediment deposition amount of silt on a unit area is shown, delta h is the bed surface silt flushing amplitude, and gamma is the wet volume weight of silt;
frictional resistance flow rate U of water flow * (t)＞U *cr The silt is washed, and the formula is referred to as \38240:
in the formula, T Ero For the duration of washing mud and sand, from U * (t)＞U *cr Judging the conditions to obtain;
m is the scouring coefficient of the silt;
U *cr calculating according to a sinus kernel silt starting flow velocity formula to obtain:
in the formula, the parameter k is 0.128; d is the median diameter of the silt; d' is equivalent grain size, and is 0.5mm when the corresponding grain size is less than 0.5mm; d * Taking 10mm; rho s Rho is the density of the silt and the water respectively,
the ratio of the dry volume weight of the silt to the stable dry volume weight; epsilon 0 The value of the comprehensive binding power coefficient is related to the physicochemical property, the clay content and the deposition environment of the particles; delta is a film water thickness parameter;
U * (t) converting the flow velocity logarithmic distribution formula of the rough area of the reference sinus kernel to obtain:
in the formula of U m Calculating the water depth average flow velocity for the two-dimensional power flow digital model; delta is the rough height of the bed surface;
sediment deposition Q in the whole tide process Depo Reference to gold 38240formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the average sand concentration of the silt is obtained; omega s The moving water sedimentation speed of the silt; h is the full water depth; t is a unit of Depo For the deposition of silt, from U * (t)＜U *cr Judging the conditions to obtain; epsilon is a turbulent exchange coefficient of silt, and can be approximated by a water flow exchange coefficient epsilon = kappa hu * The kappa is given as the Karman constant, typically 0.4.
S5: calculating the terrain erosion and deposition change obtained in the step S4 according to a time scale to obtain annual erosion and deposition change thickness delta H;
s6: comparing the terrain data of the seabed before and after the construction of the spur dike or the breakwater engineering to obtain the actual measurement result of annual erosion and deposition change of the seabed after the construction;
s7: utilizing the actual measurement result of the annual scouring change to carry out silt parameter calibration on the calculation result of the scouring change thickness in S5 years, calibrating a deposition quantity parameter if the actual terrain is deposited, calibrating a scouring quantity parameter if the actual terrain is scoured, and adjusting the silt parameter according to the difference between the calculation result and the actual measurement result; i.e. if fouling is occurring in the actual terrain, the fouling amount Q is rated Depo Parameters of (2) such as U *cr 、ω s Epsilon, etc., and if the actual terrain is scoured, the scour quantity Q is calibrated Ero Parameter U in *cr 、M。
If the actual measurement data is the result of the erosion and deposition change of the multi-year terrain, iterative calculation is carried out, namely, the delta H obtained in the first year is firstly superposed in the grid terrain, S4 and S5 are repeated to obtain the delta H in the second year, \ 8230;
and then according to S6 and S7, calibrating the sediment parameters according to the actual measurement terrain change result, and adjusting the parameters until the annual erosion change thickness calculation result conforms to the actual measurement result.
S8: generating a computational grid before the groyne or the groyne project is implemented by adopting sea bed topographic data before the groyne or the groyne project is implemented, and simulating to obtain a tidal field before the project is implemented by utilizing the same tidal boundary condition of S2;
s9: according to the tidal field before engineering implementation obtained in the S8, assuming that the seabed is in a scouring and silting balance state before engineering implementation, and further calibrating silt parameters;
assuming that the seabed is in a scouring and silting balance state before the engineering is implemented, the following conditions are met:
Q Ero ＝Q Depo
deposition Q calibrated by S7 Depo Or the amount of flushing Q Ero The parameters in (3) are further calibrated through the relational expression to obtain the scouring quantity Q Ero Or the amount of sedimentation Q Depo The parameter (1).
S10: generating a calculation grid after the construction of the spur dike or the breakwater is dismantled by utilizing the actual shape measurement data under the current condition, and calculating a tidal field after the construction is dismantled by utilizing the same tidal boundary condition;
s11: establishing a terrain erosion and deposition change formula in the S4 by utilizing the tidal field calculated in the S10, substituting the silt parameters determined in the S7 and the S9 into the formula, and calculating and predicting the annual erosion and deposition change thickness delta H of the terrain after the spur dike or breakwater project is dismantled;
s12: superposing the annual erosion and deposition change thickness delta H obtained in the step S11 to the grid terrain of the step S10, recalculating the tidal field by utilizing the superposed network, and repeating the step S11 to obtain the annual erosion and deposition change thickness delta H of the terrain of the second year;
s13: repeating S10-12 until the annual erosion-deposition change thickness of the terrain tends to 0, obtaining the erosion-deposition strength and the erosion-deposition balanced state terrain of different years after the T-dam or breakwater engineering is dismantled, and obtaining the age limit of the terrain during erosion-deposition balance after the T-dam or breakwater is dismantled:
when the annual erosion and deposition change thickness of the terrain is 0, the obtained annual delta H is the erosion and deposition strength of the groyne or the breakwater project in different years after being dismantled, and the obtained terrain is the erosion and deposition balanced state terrain after the groyne or the breakwater project is dismantled.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for predicting the seabed erosion-deposition change after the removal of a silt coast spur dike or a breakwater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: collecting seabed terrain data before the execution of a groyne or a breakwater project in a sea area is researched, seabed terrain data after the execution of the groyne or the breakwater project, terrain actual measurement data under the current situation and field actual measurement hydrological test data;
s2: generating a research sea area calculation grid by adopting actual terrain measurement data under the current situation, establishing a project sea area tidal current mathematical model, selecting a representative tidal current form and tidal boundary conditions thereof, simulating a current field of the current situation sea area, and verifying a model simulation result by utilizing actual field measurement hydrological test data;
s3: generating a computational grid after the groyne or the groyne project is implemented by adopting seabed terrain data after the groyne or the groyne project is implemented, and simulating to obtain a tidal field after the project is implemented by utilizing the same tidal boundary condition of S2;
s4: calculating the landform erosion and deposition change of the spur dike or the breakwater engineering after the implementation by using a landform erosion and deposition change formula in a tidal current field in seabed landform data after the implementation of the spur dike or the breakwater engineering;
s5: converting the terrain erosion change obtained in the step S4 according to a time scale to obtain annual erosion change thickness delta H;
s6: comparing the topographic data of the seabed before and after the construction of the spur dike or breakwater engineering to obtain the actual measurement result of the annual erosion and deposition change of the seabed after the construction of the engineering;
s7: carrying out silt parameter calibration on the calculation result of the erosion change thickness in S5 years by utilizing the actual measurement result of the erosion change in years;
s8: generating a computational grid before the groyne or groyne project is implemented by adopting seabed terrain data before the groyne or groyne project is implemented, and simulating to obtain a tidal field before the project is implemented by utilizing the same tidal boundary condition of S2;
s9: according to the tidal field before engineering implementation obtained in the S8, assuming that the seabed is in a scouring and silting balance state before engineering implementation, and further calibrating silt parameters;
s10: generating a calculation grid after the construction of the spur dike or the breakwater is dismantled by utilizing the actual shape measurement data under the current condition, and calculating the tidal field after the construction is dismantled by utilizing the same tidal boundary condition of S2;
s11: establishing a terrain erosion and deposition change formula in the S4 by utilizing the tidal field obtained by the calculation in the S10, substituting the silt parameters rated in the S7 and the S9 into the formula, and calculating and predicting the annual erosion and deposition change thickness Delta H of the terrain after the spur dike or the breakwater engineering is dismantled;
s12: superposing the annual erosion and deposition change thickness delta H obtained in the step S11 to the grid terrain of the step S10, recalculating the tidal field by utilizing the superposed network, and repeating the step S11 to obtain the annual erosion and deposition change thickness delta H of the terrain in the second year;
s13: and repeating S10-12 until the annual scouring and silting change thickness of the landform tends to 0, and obtaining the scouring and silting strength and scouring and silting balance state landforms of different years after the spur dike or breakwater project is dismantled.
2. The method for predicting the seabed scouring change after the demolition of the silty coast spur dike or the breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the landform scouring change formula is as follows:
Δh＝ΔV/γ
wherein V is the amount of silt participating in terrain evolution, Q Ero Is the amount of washing away of the silt per unit area, Q Depo The sediment deposition amount of silt on a unit area is shown, delta h is the bed surface silt flushing amplitude, and gamma is the wet volume weight of silt;
frictional resistance flow rate U of water flow * (t)＞U *cr The silt is washed, and the formula is referred to as \38240:
in the formula, T Ero For the duration of washing mud and sand, from U * (t)＞U *cr Judging the conditions to obtain;
m is the scouring coefficient of the silt;
U *cr the sediment flow rate is calculated according to a sinus kernel sediment starting flow rate formula:
in the formula, the parameter k is 0.128; d is the median diameter of silt; d' is equivalent grain size, and is 0.5mm when the corresponding grain size is less than 0.5mm; d * Taking 10mm; rho s Rho is the density of the silt and the water respectively,
the ratio of the dry volume weight of the silt to the stable dry volume weight; epsilon 0 Is the comprehensive binding power coefficient; delta is a film water thickness parameter; h is full water depth, g =9.8m/s 2 ；
U * (t) converting the flow velocity logarithmic distribution formula of the rough area of the reference sinus kernel to obtain:
in the formula of U m Calculating the water depth average flow velocity for the two-dimensional power flow digital model; delta is the rough height of the bed surface;
sediment deposition Q in the whole tide process Depo Reference to gold 38240formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the average sand concentration of the silt is obtained; omega s The dynamic water sedimentation speed of the silt; h is the full water depth; t is Depo For the time of silt deposition, from U * (t)＜U *cr Judging the conditions to obtain; and epsilon is the turbulent exchange coefficient of the silt.
3. The method for predicting the erosion and deposition change of the seabed after the demolition of the silty coast spur dike or the breakwater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein if the measured data is the erosion and deposition change result of the multi-year terrain, iterative calculation is carried out, namely, firstly, the delta H obtained in the first year is superposed into the grid terrain, and S4 and S5 are repeated to obtain the delta H, 8230of the second year;
and then according to S6 and S7, calibrating the sediment parameters according to the actual measurement terrain change result, and adjusting the parameters until the annual erosion change thickness calculation result conforms to the actual measurement result.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S7, if the actual topography is silted, the siltation amount Q is calibrated Depo Parameters in (1), including U *cr 、ω s Epsilon, if the actual terrain is scoured, the scour quantity Q is calibrated Ero Parameter U in *cr 、M。
5. The method for predicting the seabed scouring and silting change after the removal of the silt coast groyne or the breakwater according to claim 2, wherein in S9, assuming that the seabed is in a scouring and silting balance state before the construction is carried out, the following conditions are satisfied:
Q Ero ＝Q Depo
deposition Q calibrated by S7 Depo Or the amount of flushing Q Ero The parameters in (3) are further calibrated through the relational expression to obtain the scouring quantity Q Ero Or the amount of sedimentation Q Depo The parameter (1).
6. The method for predicting the erosion-deposition change of the seabed after the removal of the silty coastal spur dike or the breakwater according to claim 1, wherein in S13, when the annual erosion-deposition change thickness of the terrain is 0, the obtained annual Delta H is the erosion-deposition strength of the spur dike or the breakwater project in different years after the removal, and the obtained terrain is the erosion-deposition balanced state terrain after the removal of the spur dike or the breakwater project.
7. The method for predicting the variation of seabed scouring sludge after the demolition of the silt coast spur dike or the breakwater according to claim 1, wherein in S13, the age of the landform scouring sludge after the demolition of the spur dike or the breakwater is obtained.
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