CN115029569A - Explosion-proof sheet of cylindrical lithium battery cap and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Explosion-proof sheet of cylindrical lithium battery cap and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115029569A CN115029569A CN202210648186.6A CN202210648186A CN115029569A CN 115029569 A CN115029569 A CN 115029569A CN 202210648186 A CN202210648186 A CN 202210648186A CN 115029569 A CN115029569 A CN 115029569A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
- H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet for a cylindrical lithium battery cap and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps of smelting, casting, double heating and face milling, hot rolling, cold rolling and intermediate annealing, stamping and forming, and finished product annealing, and finally the explosion-proof sheet made of an aluminum alloy material is produced, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si = 0.2-0.3%, Fe = 0.3-0.7%, Cu = 0.05-0.20%, Mn = 1.0-1.5%, Fe/Mn = 0.2-0.7%, Ti < 0.03%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the thickness of the prepared explosion-proof sheet is 0.2-0.8 mm, the metal structure is equiaxial crystal grains, the average crystal grain size is less than 50 mu m, the maximum crystal grain size is less than 200 mu m, the surface brightness L is more than 95, the glossiness is 130 +/-5 GU, the tensile strength is 110PMa, the fluctuation range is less than 10MPa, and the elongation is more than 30%. The explosion-proof sheet prepared by the invention has excellent comprehensive performance and higher stability, and can meet the requirement of the overall safety performance of the battery pack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to an explosion-proof sheet of a cylindrical lithium battery cap and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Power battery mainly is the cylinder lithium cell for the new energy automobile, and current cylinder lithium cell cap structure includes top cap, explosion-proof piece, cage washer, connection piece and sealing washer. The top cover is sequentially connected with the explosion-proof sheet, the isolation ring and the connecting sheet to form the cap inner core, and the sealing ring is sleeved on the periphery of the cap inner core. The welding part of the explosion-proof sheet and the edge of the explosion-proof sheet are integrally formed to form an aluminum ring structure after being punched, when the internal pressure of the battery is too large, the notch part of the explosion-proof sheet can be cut off in time, and the overall safety performance of the battery pack is improved.
The aluminum has the advantages of low density, corrosion resistance, good forming performance and the like, and is widely applied to power batteries. Aluminum for power battery cases was alloyed with 1050 from the early days, but the alloy strength was low and it was difficult to meet the demand for weight reduction. The new energy automobile industry urgently needs high-quality aluminum materials for cylindrical lithium battery cap explosion-proof sheets, the aluminum materials are required to have excellent comprehensive performances such as moderate strength, high plasticity, good welding performance, strong corrosion resistance, smooth and clean surface and the like, and meanwhile, the tensile strength and the stamping performance are stable, so that the aluminum materials can meet the stamping requirements of high speed, continuity and large deformation of battery caps, and the overall safety performance of a battery pack is guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an explosion-proof sheet of a cylindrical lithium battery cap and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of an aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet for a cylindrical lithium battery cap comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing raw materials according to the mass percent of aluminum alloy components: si = 0.2-0.3%, Fe = 0.3-0.7%, Cu = 0.05-0.20%, Mn = 1.0-1.5%, Fe/Mn = 0.2-0.7%, Ti < 0.03%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; smelting and casting the prepared raw materials to prepare an aluminum alloy slab ingot, wherein the smelting temperature is 750 +/-10 ℃, the semi-continuous casting temperature is 700 +/-10 ℃, and the ingot casting speed is 50 +/-5 mm/min;
secondly, heating and milling the cast aluminum alloy slab ingot twice, wherein the first heating temperature is 600-630 ℃, the surface milling is carried out after the aluminum alloy slab ingot is cooled to room temperature, the milled surface thickness is 10-20 mm, the second heating temperature is 490-510 ℃, the heat preservation time of the two times of heating is more than 6 hours, and the thickness of the oxide film of the processed slab ingot is less than 0.5 mu m; the higher the product quality requirement is, the thicker the milling surface thickness is;
step three, carrying out hot rolling on the aluminum alloy slab ingot subjected to double heating, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 490-500 ℃, and carrying out hot rolling to prepare a plate with the thickness of 6-10 mm, and the final rolling temperature is 230-280 ℃;
step four, performing multi-pass cold rolling on the hot-rolled plate to prepare a finished plate with the thickness of 0.2-0.8 mm, wherein the cold rolling intermediate annealing temperature is 320-360 ℃, and the secondary cold rolling rate is 30-50%;
step five, punching the cold-rolled finished plate to prepare a wafer with circular nicks;
and step six, annealing the finished product of the obtained wafer to obtain the required explosion-proof sheet, wherein the annealing temperature of the finished product is 300-450 ℃.
In the second step, the heat preservation time of the first heating treatment is 16h, and the heat preservation time of the second heating treatment is 8 h.
In the second step, the thickness of the oxide film of the processed slab ingot is less than 0.5 μm.
And the annealing temperature of the finished product in the sixth step is 320-360 ℃.
The utility model provides an explosion-proof piece of cylinder lithium cell cap, explosion-proof piece are the aluminum alloy material, and the mass percent content of its composition is: si = 0.2-0.3%, Fe = 0.3-0.7%, Cu = 0.05-0.20%, Mn = 1.0-1.5%, Fe/Mn = 0.2-0.7%, Ti < 0.03%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the explosion-proof sheet is prepared by the preparation method.
The metal structure of the explosion-proof sheet is equiaxed grains, the average grain size is less than 50 mu m, and the maximum grain size is less than 200 mu m.
The surface brightness L of the explosion-proof sheet is more than 95, and the glossiness is 130 plus or minus 5 GU.
The tensile strength of the explosion-proof sheet is 110PMa, and the fluctuation range is less than 10 Mpa.
The elongation of the explosion-proof sheet is more than 30 percent.
The inventor finds out through research that: (1) mn, Mg and Cu in aluminum materials have a great influence on the alloy strength, and elements such as Si, Fe and Mn mainly affect the amount and type of second phases in the alloy and (Fe, Mn) Al in the homogenization heat treatment 6 Opposite alpha-Al 12 (Fe，Mn) 3 Degree of Si phase transformation. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the content of Si element in the aluminum material appropriately. (2) By adopting a high-temperature and low-temperature two-stage heating treatment process, the intragranular segregation can be eliminated, and the discontinuous distribution of a second phase at a crystal boundary, namely alpha-Al 12 (Fe，Mn) 3 The transformation rate of the Si phase is high, and the second phase is further crushed in the subsequent rolling process to become a core of recrystallization nucleation, so that the grain refinement and uniform distribution are promoted, and the tensile strength and the stability of the stamping forming performance of the aluminum alloy plate strip are improved. However, after long-time homogenization treatment at high temperature, the oxide film on the surface of the slab ingot reaches several microns, which is not favorable for the surface quality of the finished plate. At the moment, the thickness of the oxide film of the flat ingot in the soaking treatment process can be reduced by carrying out the heating treatment at a relatively low temperature after the surface milling, thereby being beneficial to improving the surface quality of the finished plate;(3) the stable tensile strength and stamping performance are closely related to the metal structure uniformity of the aluminum material, the high-speed stamping production line is very sensitive to the defects of the aluminum material, the stable production must be established on the basis of the uniform metal structure of the aluminum material, and the overlarge metal structure difference in the aluminum material is a main factor causing the stable and unqualified tensile strength and stamping performance. The distribution uniformity of the aluminum material metal structure is improved through high-temperature and low-temperature two-stage heating treatment; (4) the solubility of Fe in Al is very small and most of Fe forms eutectic compound (Fe, Mn) Al6 phase. In addition, the Mn element exists mainly in the form of a solid solution, and a small portion forms a second phase compound. Excessive Fe and Mn elements can form excessive coarse compounds, and the forming performance of the plate is reduced. Meanwhile, Fe and Mn elements can form an alpha-Al 12(Fe, Mn)3Si phase, the phase is crushed in subsequent heating processes such as homogenization and the like, pinning crystal boundaries hinder grain boundary migration, the recrystallization temperature of the alloy can be obviously improved, the recrystallization behavior of the alloy is changed from spontaneous recrystallization behavior to particle-induced nucleation, and grain refinement and uniform distribution are promoted. Therefore, the Fe/Mn element ratio needs to be strictly controlled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet provided by the invention has stable tensile strength and stamping performance, can meet the stamping requirements of high speed, continuity and large deformation of battery caps, and has high production efficiency.
2. The aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet provided by the invention has the advantages that the metal structures are uniformly distributed, the stamped indented area is fine isometric crystals, uniform coordinated deformation can be generated after stress is applied, the explosion-proof performance is excellent, and the overall safety performance of a battery pack is guaranteed.
3. When the aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet is prepared, the stamping forming process is performed in advance, and then the finished product annealing process is performed, so that the batch stability of the product can be improved, and the overall safety performance of the battery pack can be guaranteed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the shape and distribution of grains of the explosion-proof sheet in example 1.
Fig. 2 shows the morphology and distribution of the grains of the explosion-proof sheet in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1: an aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet for a cylindrical lithium battery cap comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si =0.26%, Fe =0.56%, Cu =0.06%, Mn =1.1%, Fe/Mn =0.5, Ti =0.022%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: preparing raw materials according to the alloy components, and smelting and casting at the smelting temperature of 750 ℃, the semi-continuous casting temperature of 700 ℃ and the ingot casting speed of 50 mm/min;
(2) carrying out double heating and face milling on the obtained cast ingot: the first heating is carried out at the temperature of 610 ℃/16h, the milling surface is 15mm, the second heating is carried out at the temperature of 510 ℃/8h, and the thickness of the surface film of the slab ingot is measured to be 0.44 mu m;
(3) carrying out hot rolling on the slab ingot subjected to the previous treatment to obtain a plate with the thickness of 7.2mm, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: the initial rolling temperature is 500 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 280 ℃;
(4) the hot rolled plate is subjected to cold rolling and intermediate annealing treatment, the thickness of the cold rolled finished plate is 0.6mm, and the specific cold rolling process comprises the following steps: the intermediate annealing temperature is 360 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the secondary cold rolling rate is 44 percent;
(5) performing punch forming on the finished plate obtained in the last step to prepare an explosion-proof sheet with circular nicks;
(6) and annealing the finished product of the obtained explosion-proof sheet, wherein the annealing temperature of the finished product is 360 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours.
The grain structure of the explosion-proof sheet prepared in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, the metal structure is equiaxed grains, the average grain size is 20 μm, the maximum grain size is 120 μm, and the grain structure is uniformly distributed; the surface brightness L =95.6 and the glossiness of the sheet is 130-133 GU, and the technical requirements of the new energy battery on the metal structure and the surface quality of the explosion-proof sheet are met. Because the size of the punched explosion-proof sheet is small and the tensile test is difficult to carry out, the invention directly carries out finished product annealing on the cold-rolled sheet and then carries out the test, and the obtained tensile strength and the elongation can be similar to the related performances of the explosion-proof sheet, namely the tensile strength is 110-112 MPa, the elongation is 32-33%, and the mechanical property fluctuation is small.
Example 2: an aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet for a cylindrical lithium battery cap comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si =0.22%, Fe =0.46%, Cu =0.16%, Mn =1.2%, Fe/Mn =0.38, Ti =0.025%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: preparing raw materials according to the alloy components, and smelting and casting at the smelting temperature of 760 ℃, the semi-continuous casting temperature of 710 ℃ and the ingot casting speed of 55 mm/min;
(2) carrying out double heating and face milling on the obtained cast ingot: heating for the first time at 630 ℃/16h, milling for 15mm, heating for the second time at 500 ℃/8h, and measuring the surface film thickness of the slab ingot to be 0.45 mu m;
(3) carrying out hot rolling on the slab ingot subjected to the previous treatment to obtain a plate with the thickness of 6.8mm, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: the initial rolling temperature is 490 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 260 ℃;
(4) the hot rolled sheet is subjected to cold rolling and intermediate annealing treatment, the thickness of the cold rolled finished sheet is 0.2mm, and the specific cold rolling process comprises the following steps: the intermediate annealing temperature is 360 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the secondary cold rolling rate is 50 percent;
(5) performing punch forming on the finished plate obtained in the last step to prepare an explosion-proof sheet with circular nicks;
(6) and annealing the finished product of the obtained explosion-proof sheet, wherein the annealing temperature of the finished product is 360 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours.
The metal structure of the explosion-proof sheet prepared by the embodiment is equiaxial grains, the average grain size is 35 mu m, the maximum grain size is 130 mu m, and the grain structure is uniformly distributed; the surface brightness L =95.1, the glossiness 126-130 GU meets the technical requirements of the new energy battery on the tensile property and the surface quality of the explosion-proof sheet, the tensile strength is 106-112 MPa, the elongation is 32-35%, and the mechanical property fluctuation is small.
Example 3: an aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet for a cylindrical lithium battery cap comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si =0.27%, Fe =0.7%, Cu =0.11%, Mn =1.0%, Fe/Mn =0.7, Ti =0.028%, and the balance Al and inevitable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: preparing raw materials according to the alloy components, and smelting and casting at the smelting temperature of 755 ℃, the semi-continuous casting temperature of 690 ℃ and the ingot casting speed of 45 mm/min;
(2) carrying out double heating and face milling on the obtained cast ingot: heating for the first time at 620 ℃/16h, milling for 15mm, heating for the second time at 490 ℃/16h, and measuring the surface film thickness of the slab ingot to be 0.39 mu m;
(3) carrying out hot rolling on the slab ingot subjected to the previous treatment to obtain a plate with the thickness of 6.8mm, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: the initial rolling temperature is 490 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 230 ℃;
(4) the hot rolled plate is subjected to cold rolling and intermediate annealing treatment, the thickness of the cold rolled finished plate is 0.2mm, and the specific cold rolling process comprises the following steps: the intermediate annealing temperature is 320 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the secondary cold rolling rate is 30 percent;
(5) performing punch forming on the finished plate obtained in the last step to prepare an explosion-proof sheet with circular nicks;
(6) and annealing the finished product of the obtained explosion-proof sheet, wherein the annealing temperature of the finished product is 300 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours.
The metal structure of the explosion-proof sheet prepared by the embodiment is equiaxial grains, the average grain size is 15 microns, the maximum grain size is 110 microns, and the grain structure is uniformly distributed; the surface brightness L =95.5 and the glossiness 128-133 GU of the explosion-proof sheet meet the technical requirements of the new energy battery on the tensile property and the surface quality of the explosion-proof sheet, the tensile strength is 108-111 MPa, the elongation is 33-36%, and the mechanical property fluctuation is small.
Example 4: an aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet for a cylindrical lithium battery cap comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si =0.24%, Fe =0.3%, Cu =0.2%, Mn =1.0%, Fe/Mn =0.3, Ti =0.022%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: preparing raw materials according to the alloy components, and smelting and casting at the smelting temperature of 750 ℃, the semi-continuous casting temperature of 700 ℃ and the ingot casting speed of 50 mm/min;
(2) carrying out double heating and face milling on the obtained cast ingot: heating for the first time at 626 ℃/16h, milling the surface for 18mm, heating for the second time at 510 ℃/8h, and measuring the surface film thickness of the slab ingot to be 0.49 mu m;
(3) carrying out hot rolling on the slab ingot subjected to the previous treatment to obtain a plate with the thickness of 6.8mm, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: the initial rolling temperature is 500 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 280 ℃;
(4) the hot rolled sheet is subjected to cold rolling and intermediate annealing treatment, the thickness of the cold rolled finished sheet is 0.2mm, and the specific cold rolling process comprises the following steps: the intermediate annealing temperature is 340 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the secondary cold rolling rate is 40 percent;
(5) performing punch forming on the finished plate obtained in the last step to prepare an explosion-proof sheet with circular nicks;
(6) and annealing the finished product of the obtained explosion-proof sheet, wherein the annealing temperature of the finished product is 400 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours.
The metal structure of the explosion-proof sheet prepared by the embodiment is equiaxed grains, the average grain size is 42 mu m, the maximum grain size is 180 mu m, and the grain structure is uniformly distributed; the surface brightness L =95.2, the glossiness is 125-128 GU, the technical requirements of the new energy battery on the tensile property and the surface quality of the explosion-proof sheet are met, the tensile strength is 105-109 MPa, the elongation is 3133%, and the mechanical property fluctuation is small.
Example 5: an aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet for a cylindrical lithium battery cap comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si =0.21%, Fe =0.3%, Cu =0.18%, Mn =1.5%, Fe/Mn =0.2, Ti =0.022%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: preparing raw materials according to the alloy components, and smelting and casting at the smelting temperature of 750 ℃, the semicontinuous casting temperature of 700 ℃ and the ingot casting speed of 50 mm/min;
(2) carrying out double heating and face milling on the obtained cast ingot: the first heating is carried out at the temperature of 610 ℃/16h, the milling surface is 12mm, the second heating is carried out at the temperature of 500 ℃/11h, and the surface film thickness of the slab ingot is measured to be 0.44 mu m;
(3) carrying out hot rolling on the slab ingot subjected to the previous treatment to obtain a plate with the thickness of 6.8mm, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: the initial rolling temperature is 500 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 230 ℃;
(4) the hot rolled plate is subjected to cold rolling and intermediate annealing treatment, the thickness of the cold rolled finished plate is 0.2mm, and the specific cold rolling process comprises the following steps: the intermediate annealing temperature is 320 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the secondary cold rolling rate is 40 percent;
(5) performing punch forming on the finished plate obtained in the last step to prepare the explosion-proof sheet with the circular nicks;
(6) and annealing the finished product of the obtained explosion-proof sheet, wherein the annealing temperature of the finished product is 450 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours.
The metal structure of the explosion-proof sheet prepared by the embodiment is equiaxial grains, the average grain size is 45 microns, the maximum grain size is 190 microns, and the grain structure is uniformly distributed; the surface brightness L =95.4 and the glossiness 125-1327 GU of the novel energy battery meet the technical requirements of the novel energy battery on the tensile property and the surface quality of the explosion-proof sheet, the tensile strength is 156-108 MPa, the elongation is 31-33%, and the mechanical property fluctuation is small.
Comparative example 1: an aluminum alloy explosion-proof piece for a cylindrical battery cap comprises the following alloy components: si =0.26%, Fe =0.92%, Cu =0.06%, Mn =1.1%, Fe/Mn =0.83, Ti =0.022%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: the smelting temperature is 760 ℃, the semi-continuous casting temperature is 710 ℃, and the ingot casting speed is 55 mm/min;
(2) single heating and face milling: milling the flat ingot to 15mm, heating at 510 ℃/8h, and measuring the surface film thickness of the flat ingot to be 0.45 mu m;
(3) hot rolling: the initial rolling temperature is 500 ℃, a plate with the thickness of 7.2mm is prepared by hot rolling, and the final rolling temperature is 280 ℃;
(4) cold rolling and intermediate annealing: the thickness of the cold-rolled finished plate is 0.6mm, the intermediate annealing temperature is 360 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the secondary cold rolling rate is 44 percent;
(5) and (3) stamping and forming: preparing an explosion-proof sheet with round nicks;
(6) annealing of a finished product: the annealing temperature is 360 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours.
The grain structure of the explosion-proof sheet is shown in figure 1, the average grain size is 120 mu m, the maximum grain size is 500 mu m, and the grain structure is unevenly distributed; the tensile strength is 130-147 MPa, the elongation is 17-19%, the mechanical property fluctuation is large, the elongation is low, and the technical requirement of the new energy battery on the tensile property of the explosion-proof sheet cannot be met.
Comparative example 2: an aluminum alloy explosion-proof piece for a cylindrical battery cap comprises the following alloy components: si =0.12%, Fe =0.50%, Cu =0.06%, Mn =1.1%, Fe/Mn =0.45, Ti =0.022%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: the smelting temperature is 750 ℃, the semi-continuous casting temperature is 710 ℃, and the ingot casting speed is 50 mm/min;
(2) face milling and double-stage heating: milling the flat ingot to 15mm, then carrying out two-stage homogenization treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 600 ℃/16h +510 ℃/8h, and the surface film thickness of the flat ingot is measured to be 1.5 mu m;
(3) hot rolling: the initial rolling temperature is 500 ℃, a plate with the thickness of 7.2mm is prepared by hot rolling, and the final rolling temperature is 280 ℃;
(4) cold rolling and intermediate annealing: the thickness of the cold-rolled finished plate is 0.6mm, the intermediate annealing temperature is 360 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the secondary cold rolling rate is 44 percent;
(5) and (3) stamping and forming: preparing an explosion-proof sheet with round nicks;
(6) annealing of a finished product: the annealing temperature is 360 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours.
The average grain size of the explosion-proof sheet is 42 mu m, the maximum grain size is 120 mu m, and the grain structure is uniformly distributed; the tensile strength is 107-112 MPa, the elongation is 30-32%, and the mechanical property fluctuation is small; but the surface of the plate is seriously adhered with aluminum due to the thickness of the oxide film of the flat ingot being 1.5 mu m, and the surface quality is poor; meanwhile, the brightness L =93.6 and the glossiness 178-186 GU cannot meet the technical requirements of the new energy battery on the surface performance of the explosion-proof sheet.
On the explosion-proof sheet prepared by the preparation method of the explosion-proof sheet provided by the invention, the depth of the nick formed in the nick area is 200 microns, the nick belongs to the weak area of the cap, when the internal expansion of the battery generates pressure, the oriented damage can be preferentially generated in the nick area, and the integral safety performance of the battery pack is ensured.
The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the specific embodiments of the present invention can be modified or substituted with equivalents with reference to the above embodiments, and any modifications or equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims to be appended.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of an aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet for a cylindrical lithium battery cap is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing raw materials according to the mass percent of aluminum alloy components: si = 0.2-0.3%, Fe = 0.3-0.7%, Cu = 0.05-0.20%, Mn = 1.0-1.5%, Fe/Mn = 0.2-0.7%, Ti < 0.03%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; smelting and casting the prepared raw materials to prepare an aluminum alloy slab ingot, wherein the smelting temperature is 750 +/-10 ℃, the semi-continuous casting temperature is 700 +/-10 ℃, and the ingot casting speed is 50 +/-5 mm/min;
secondly, carrying out double heating and face milling on the cast aluminum alloy slab ingot, wherein the first heating temperature is 600-630 ℃, the face milling is carried out after the aluminum alloy slab ingot is cooled to room temperature, the thickness of the milled face is 10-20 mm, the second heating temperature is 490-510 ℃, the heat preservation time of the two times of heating is more than 6 hours, and the thickness of the oxide film of the processed slab ingot is less than 0.5 mu m;
step three, carrying out hot rolling on the aluminum alloy slab ingot subjected to double heating, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 490-500 ℃, the aluminum alloy slab ingot is prepared into a plate with the thickness of 6-10 mm through hot rolling, and the final rolling temperature is 230-280 ℃;
step four, performing multi-pass cold rolling on the hot-rolled plate to prepare a finished plate with the thickness of 0.2-0.8 mm, wherein the cold rolling intermediate annealing temperature is 320-360 ℃, and the secondary cold rolling rate is 30-50%;
step five, punching the cold-rolled finished plate to prepare a wafer with circular nicks;
and step six, annealing the finished product of the obtained wafer to obtain the required explosion-proof sheet, wherein the annealing temperature of the finished product is 300-450 ℃.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy strip for the cylindrical lithium battery cap as recited in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the heat preservation time of the first heat treatment is 16 hours, and the heat preservation time of the second heat treatment is 8 hours.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet for the cylindrical lithium battery cap as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the thickness of the oxide film of the processed slab ingot is less than 0.5 μm.
4. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy explosion-proof sheet for the cylindrical lithium battery cap as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annealing temperature of the finished product in the sixth step is 320-360 ℃.
5. The utility model provides an explosion-proof piece of cylinder lithium cell cap which characterized in that, explosion-proof piece are the aluminum alloy material, and the mass percent content of its composition is: si = 0.2-0.3%, Fe = 0.3-0.7%, Cu = 0.05-0.20%, Mn = 1.0-1.5%, Fe/Mn = 0.2-0.7%, Ti < 0.03%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the explosion-proof sheet is produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1-4.
6. The explosion-proof sheet of a cylindrical lithium battery cap as claimed in claim 5, wherein the metal structure of the explosion-proof sheet is equiaxed grains, the average grain size is less than 50 μm, and the maximum grain size is less than 200 μm.
7. The explosion-proof sheet of the cylindrical lithium battery cap as claimed in claim 5, wherein the surface brightness L of the explosion-proof sheet is greater than 95 and the glossiness is 130 ± 5 GU.
8. The explosion-proof sheet for a cylindrical lithium battery cap as claimed in claim 5, wherein the tensile strength of the explosion-proof sheet is 110PMa, and the fluctuation range is < 10 MPa.
9. The explosion-proof sheet for a cylindrical lithium battery cap as claimed in claim 5, wherein the elongation of the explosion-proof sheet is > 30%.
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| CN115029569B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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