CN115028673B - Extraction and purification method of quinoa saponins - Google Patents
Extraction and purification method of quinoa saponins Download PDFInfo
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- CN115028673B CN115028673B CN202210664004.4A CN202210664004A CN115028673B CN 115028673 B CN115028673 B CN 115028673B CN 202210664004 A CN202210664004 A CN 202210664004A CN 115028673 B CN115028673 B CN 115028673B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J63/00—Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by expansion of only one ring by one or two atoms
- C07J63/008—Expansion of ring D by one atom, e.g. D homo steroids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
- C07H1/08—Separation; Purification from natural products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/20—Carbocyclic rings
- C07H15/24—Condensed ring systems having three or more rings
- C07H15/256—Polyterpene radicals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting and purifying quinoa saponins, which relates to the field of saponin extraction and comprises the following steps: adding distilled water into the crushed and defatted quinoa seed coat powder, uniformly mixing, adding complex enzyme for enzymolysis, and inactivating enzyme to obtain enzymolysis liquid; performing ultrahigh pressure extraction on the enzymolysis liquid, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant to obtain ethanol water extract; evaporating ethanol from the ethanol water extract to obtain concentrated solution 1, extracting concentrated solution 1 with water saturated n-butanol, and separating to obtain n-butanol phase; evaporating n-butanol from n-butanol phase to obtain concentrated solution 2, dissolving concentrated solution 2 in water, and purifying with macroporous resin to obtain quinoa saponin. The extraction and purification method effectively improves the extraction purity and the extraction yield of quinoa saponin, wherein the extraction purity is up to 96.5%, and the extraction yield is up to 62.1%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of saponin extraction, in particular to an extraction and purification method of quinoa saponin.
Background
Saponins, also known as saponins, alkali soaps and saponins, are a natural organic compound that is found mainly in plants. Many researches have described that the saponin has bioactivity, has insecticidal and anthelmintic effects, can resist oxidation, inhibit bacteria, resist inflammation and regulate immunity, has good effects on heart diseases, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and the like, and has important value in the fields of foods, medicines and the like. However, the structure of saponins is complex, which results in the continuous search for extraction and purification techniques. The method for extracting saponin mainly comprises solvent extraction, microwave extraction, ultrasonic assisted extraction, etc. The solvent extraction method has simple operation, low cost and easy industrialized production, but the solvent extraction method needs to consume a large amount of solvent, and the purity of the finally extracted saponin is lower; the microwave extraction method has low energy consumption, little pollution and short extraction time, so that the extraction efficiency of the saponin is improved, but the method is easy to denature and inactivate heat-sensitive substances, and the operation process is difficult to control; the ultrasonic assisted extraction method damages cell walls, can accelerate the rapid dissolution of active ingredients, has low extraction temperature and short extraction time, but requires expensive equipment, and is difficult to realize industrialization.
The quinoa contains abundant saponins in an amount of 0.13% -0.74%, and contains more flavonoids in an amount of 36.2-144.3mg/100g. The abundant flavonoid compounds in quinoa affect the extraction of quinoa saponins, and it is imperative to explore a method for effectively improving the extraction purity and the extraction yield of quinoa saponins.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an extraction and purification method of quinoa saponin, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and effectively improve the extraction purity and the extraction yield of quinoa saponin.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a method for extracting and purifying quinoa saponins, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing quinoa seed coats, and degreasing to obtain defatted quinoa seed coat powder;
(2) Adding distilled water into the defatted quinoa seed coat powder obtained in the step (1) and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding compound enzyme into the mixed solution for enzymolysis, and inactivating enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(3) Adding ethanol into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step (2), performing ultrahigh pressure extraction, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant to obtain an ethanol water extract;
(4) Evaporating ethanol from the ethanol water extract obtained in the step (3) to obtain a concentrated solution 1, extracting the concentrated solution 1 with water-saturated n-butanol, and separating to obtain an n-butanol phase;
(5) Evaporating n-butanol in the n-butanol phase obtained in the step (4) to obtain a concentrated solution 2, dissolving the concentrated solution 2 in water, and purifying by using macroporous resin to obtain the quinoa saponin.
Further, in step (5), the step of purifying with macroporous resin comprises: eluting with alkaline water, eluting with ethanol water, and collecting ethanol water eluate to obtain quinoa saponin.
Further, in the step (2), the compound enzyme is cellulase and pectase according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
Further, in step (2), the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis is 5.0.
Further, in the step (2), the adding amount of the complex enzyme is 2-3% of the weight of the quinoa seed coat powder.
Further, in the step (2), the temperature of the enzymolysis is 50 ℃.
Further, in the step (3), the pressure of the ultrahigh pressure extraction is 200-500MPa, and the dwell time is 5-8min.
Further, the pH of the alkaline water is 7.5-8.0.
Further, in the step (5), the ethanol water is an ethanol water solution with the mass concentration of 50-70%.
Further, the macroporous resin is HPD-850 macroporous resin.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) The complex enzyme (cellulase and pectase) adopted by the invention can improve the permeability of cell walls, and the extraction amount of flavonoid compounds is reduced by optimizing the proportion of the cellulase and the pectase, so that a large amount of saponins are released, and the extraction effect of the saponins is greatly improved.
(2) The invention adopts the ultra-high pressure extraction technology, has low extraction process temperature, short extraction time and high extraction efficiency, and avoids the damage of the thermal effect on the components.
(3) The invention optimizes the macroporous resin extraction process, effectively separates flavonoid impurities, and improves the extraction purity of quinoa saponins to 96.5 percent at most.
(4) The invention has the advantages of reasonable whole process, simple operation, environmental protection, energy conservation, lower cost and the like, and is suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
In the following examples, high performance liquid chromatography was used for total flavone detection, and the chromatographic separation conditions were:
chromatographic column: CLC-ODS,6mmX 150mm,5 μm; mobile phase: 0.3% phosphoric acid aqueous solution in methanol (V: V) =40:80, immediately before use deaerated with ultrasound at a flow rate of lmL/min; column temperature is 40 ℃; detection wavelength: 360nm; sample injection amount: 20. Mu.L.
In the following examples, high performance liquid chromatography was used for total saponins detection, and the chromatographic separation conditions were:
chromatography column, ODS column (Kromasil 250 mm. Times.4.6 mm,5 μm), DAD detector; mobile phase: acetonitrile A, water B, gradient elution 0-35 min 19% A,35-55min 19-29% A, 55-75 min 29% A,75-100min 29-40% A. Flow rate 1mL/min, detection wavelength: 203nm; sample injection amount: 20. Mu.L.
In the following examples, quinoa seed coats were purchased from Qinghai province academy of agricultural sciences.
Example 1
(1) Placing quinoa seed coats in a pulverizer, pulverizing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve;
(2) 500g of sieved quinoa seed coat powder is taken and put into a Soxhlet extractor, 15000mL of petroleum ether is added, degreasing is carried out for 2 hours, and the mixture is dried to constant weight at 60 ℃;
(3) Adding 5000mL of distilled water into the defatted and dried quinoa seed coat powder in the step (2), uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 5.0, adding 12g of complex enzyme (cellulase and pectase according to the mass ratio of 1:1), and carrying out enzymolysis for 1h at 50 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, inactivating enzyme in boiling water bath for 30s to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
(4) Adding 20L of absolute ethyl alcohol into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step (3), mixing and sealing, maintaining the pressure for 6 minutes under 300MPa, repeating for 2 times, centrifuging for 8 minutes under 8000r/min, and taking the supernatant to obtain an ethanol water extract;
(5) Performing rotary evaporation treatment on the ethanol water extract obtained in the step (4), and distilling and recovering ethanol by a rotary evaporator at the rotating speed of 40r/min and the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain a concentrated solution 1;
(6) The concentrate 1 was extracted by water saturated n-butanol, wherein the volume ratio of water saturated n-butanol to concentrate 1 was 3:1, repeating the extraction for 2 times (3 times in total), combining n-butanol layers, and then washing the n-butanol extracted part by n-butanol saturated water for 2 times to obtain an n-butanol phase;
(7) Concentrating the n-butanol phase obtained in the step (6) under reduced pressure, and evaporating n-butanol to obtain a concentrated solution 2;
(8) Adding 5 times of water into the concentrated solution 2 obtained in the step (7), uniformly mixing, adsorbing the sample solution for 24 hours by using HPD-850 macroporous resin, eluting by using sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with pH of 7.8, then washing to be neutral by using distilled water, eluting by using ethanol solution with mass concentration of 60%, and collecting ethanol eluent;
(9) Concentrating the ethanol eluent collected in the step (8), and freeze-drying for 24 hours to obtain quinoa saponin.
The content of total saponins in quinoa saponins extracted in this example was 96.5%, the content of total flavonoids was 0.1%, and the extraction yield of total saponins was 62.1%.
Example 2
(1) Placing quinoa seed coats in a pulverizer, pulverizing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve;
(2) 500g of sieved quinoa seed coat powder is taken and put into a Soxhlet extractor, 15000mL of petroleum ether is added, degreasing is carried out for 2 hours, and the mixture is dried to constant weight at 60 ℃;
(3) Adding 5000mL of distilled water into the defatted and dried quinoa seed coat powder in the step (2), uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 5.0, adding 10g of complex enzyme (cellulase and pectase according to the mass ratio of 1:1), and carrying out enzymolysis for 1h at 50 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, inactivating enzyme in boiling water bath for 30s to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
(4) Adding 20L of absolute ethyl alcohol into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step (3), mixing and sealing, maintaining the pressure for 5min under 200MPa, repeating for 2 times, centrifuging for 8min under 8000r/min, and taking the supernatant to obtain an ethanol water extract;
(5) Performing rotary evaporation treatment on the ethanol water extract obtained in the step (4), and distilling and recovering ethanol by a rotary evaporator at the rotating speed of 40r/min and the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain a concentrated solution 1;
(6) The concentrate 1 was extracted by water saturated n-butanol, wherein the volume ratio of water saturated n-butanol to concentrate 1 was 3:1, repeating the extraction for 2 times (3 times in total), combining n-butanol layers, and then washing the n-butanol extracted part by n-butanol saturated water for 2 times to obtain an n-butanol phase;
(7) Concentrating the n-butanol phase obtained in the step (6) under reduced pressure, and evaporating n-butanol to obtain a concentrated solution 2;
(8) Adding 5 times of water into the concentrated solution 2 obtained in the step (7), uniformly mixing, adsorbing the sample solution for 24 hours by using HPD-850 macroporous resin, eluting by using sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with pH of 7.5, then washing to be neutral by using distilled water, eluting by using ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 50%, and collecting ethanol eluent;
(9) Concentrating the ethanol eluent collected in the step (8), and freeze-drying for 24 hours to obtain quinoa saponin.
The content of total saponins in quinoa saponins extracted in this example was 95.8%, the content of total flavonoids was 0.3%, and the extraction yield of total saponins was 61.5%.
Example 3
(1) Placing quinoa seed coats in a pulverizer, pulverizing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve;
(2) 500g of sieved quinoa seed coat powder is taken and put into a Soxhlet extractor, 15000mL of petroleum ether is added, degreasing is carried out for 2 hours, and the mixture is dried to constant weight at 60 ℃;
(3) Adding 5000mL of distilled water into the defatted and dried quinoa seed coat powder in the step (2), uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 5.0, adding 15g of complex enzyme (cellulase and pectase according to the mass ratio of 1:1), and carrying out enzymolysis for 1h at 50 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, inactivating enzyme in boiling water bath for 30s to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
(4) Adding 20L of absolute ethyl alcohol into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step (3), mixing and sealing, maintaining the pressure for 8 minutes under 500MPa, repeating for 2 times, centrifuging for 8 minutes under 8000r/min, and taking the supernatant to obtain an ethanol water extract;
(5) Performing rotary evaporation treatment on the ethanol water extract obtained in the step (4), and distilling and recovering ethanol by a rotary evaporator at the rotating speed of 40r/min and the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain a concentrated solution 1;
(6) The concentrate 1 was extracted by water saturated n-butanol, wherein the volume ratio of water saturated n-butanol to concentrate 1 was 3:1, repeating the extraction for 2 times (3 times in total), combining n-butanol layers, and then washing the n-butanol extracted part by n-butanol saturated water for 2 times to obtain an n-butanol phase;
(7) Concentrating the n-butanol phase obtained in the step (6) under reduced pressure, and evaporating n-butanol to obtain a concentrated solution 2;
(8) Adding 5 times of water into the concentrated solution 2 obtained in the step (7), uniformly mixing, adsorbing the sample solution for 24 hours by using HPD-850 macroporous resin, eluting by using sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with pH of 8.0, then washing to be neutral by using distilled water, eluting by using ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 70%, and collecting ethanol eluent;
(9) Concentrating the ethanol eluent collected in the step (8), and freeze-drying for 24 hours to obtain quinoa saponin.
The content of total saponins in quinoa saponins extracted in this example was 96.0%, the content of total flavonoids was 0.2%, and the extraction yield of total saponins was 62.0%.
Experimental example 1
The cellulase and pectase in the complex enzyme were set to be 2:1,1:1,2:3,3:2, and 1:2, respectively, and the total saponins and total flavonoids in the concentrated solution 2 obtained in the step (7) were detected by the same procedure as in example 1, and the results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the total flavone extraction amount in the concentrated solution 2 is the lowest and the total saponin extraction amount is the highest when the mass ratio of the cellulase to the pectase is 1:1.
TABLE 1
Experimental example 2
The extraction steps were carried out using macroporous resins D-101, DA20111, AB-8, D-3520 and HPD-850, respectively, and the total saponins, total flavone content and total saponin extraction yield of the quinoa saponins extracted in example 1 are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, macroporous resin HPD-850 is more suitable for quinoa saponin extraction.
TABLE 2
| Macroporous resin | Total saponin content% | Total flavone content, percent | Total saponin extraction yield% |
| D-101 | 94.3 | 0.8 | 61.2 |
| DA20111 | 93.7 | 0.9 | 60.8 |
| AB-8 | 93.5 | 0.9 | 61.0 |
| D-3520 | 93.8 | 0.8 | 61.7 |
| HPD-850 | 96.5 | 0.1 | 62.1 |
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the elution process was not performed using aqueous sodium bicarbonate, but was performed directly using aqueous ethanol.
The total saponins content in quinoa saponins extracted in this comparative example was 90.2%, the total flavone content was 4.7%, and the total saponins extraction yield was 60.8%.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The extraction and purification method of quinoa saponins is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Pulverizing quinoa seed coats, and degreasing to obtain defatted quinoa seed coat powder;
(2) Adding distilled water into the defatted quinoa seed coat powder, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding compound enzyme into the mixed solution for enzymolysis, and inactivating enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(3) Adding ethanol into the enzymolysis liquid, performing ultrahigh pressure extraction, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant to obtain ethanol water extract;
(4) Evaporating ethanol from the ethanol water extract to obtain a concentrated solution 1, extracting the concentrated solution 1 with water-saturated n-butanol, and separating to obtain n-butanol phase;
(5) Evaporating n-butanol in the n-butanol phase to obtain concentrated solution 2, dissolving the concentrated solution 2 in water, and purifying with macroporous resin to obtain quinoa saponin;
in the step (2), the compound enzyme is cellulase and pectase according to the mass ratio of 1:1, the composition is as follows;
in step (5), the step of purifying with macroporous resin comprises: eluting with alkaline water, eluting with ethanol water, and collecting ethanol water eluate to obtain quinoa saponin; the pH of the alkaline water is 7.5-8.0;
in the step (5), the ethanol water is ethanol water solution with the mass concentration of 50-70%; the macroporous resin is HPD-850 macroporous resin.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis is 5.0.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the complex enzyme is added in an amount of 2-3% by mass of the quinoa seed coat powder.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the enzymolysis is 50 ℃.
5. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the pressure of the ultra-high pressure extraction is 200-500MPa and the dwell time is 5-8min.
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