CN115021784A - Transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna beam expanding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wave beam expanding method of a transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna, and belongs to the field of time domain array antennas. The invention realizes the wave beam expansion by adjusting the same-phase wave front through time-delay excitation, realizes the rapid calculation of a larger-scale array antenna time domain directional diagram and wave beam width from the angle of the time domain radiation field space synthesis of the array element based on the time domain directional diagram data of the central array element of the small array antenna, and simultaneously adopts a genetic algorithm to realize the optimization solution of a time delay sequence. The method avoids the blindness of manual time delay setting, and provides support for the wave beam expanding and forming calculation of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna. Compared with the mode of manually changing the array element spacing layout and the array aperture size, the method realizes more intelligence and convenience in expanding and shaping the wave beam of the array antenna by adjusting the excitation delay.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of time domain array antennas, and particularly relates to a wave beam expanding method of a transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna.
Background
In the design of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna, as the number of array elements is increased, the size of an array aperture is increased, the beam width of a time domain directional diagram is narrowed, and the coverage of a larger area is difficult to realize. The wave beam in a certain direction can be effectively expanded by changing the number of array elements in the direction of the array port, but the method needs to manually change the physical layout of the array, and the flexibility is poor. With the development of the delay circuit technology, a beam expanding mode based on the adjustment of excitation delay becomes possible. The method realizes the expansion of the synthesized wave beam based on the principle of adjusting the wave front of the array by time delay excitation, namely, the wave front on two sides is adjusted and slowed down by gradually increasing time delay from the center of the array to two sides, so that the time domain directional diagram of the array is widened, and the method has the advantages of automation, intellectualization and flexible expansion. When the beam expansion analysis is performed on the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna under the delayed excitation, the time domain directional diagram and the beam width of the array antenna need to be calculated, and an excitation delay sequence under the condition that the relevant indexes of the radiation field are optimal when the beam width is the same is searched.
The numerical method is a common method for calculating and solving the time domain directional diagram of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna, but the method has the problems of complex modeling, overlarge calculated amount, long calculation period, high requirement on hardware resources and the like, the time domain directional diagram calculation result under single time delay setting is not necessarily ideal, and the work load is multiplied by multiple times of calculation, so the rapid calculation method for the beam expansion of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna has research value. Meanwhile, in order to find an excitation delay sequence corresponding to the optimal value of the radiation field correlation index within the expected beam width, an optimization algorithm is required to perform iterative computation on the excitation delay of each array element so as to realize the optimal solution of the excitation delay sequence under the preset condition.
Therefore, a method for expanding a beam of a transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna is needed, which can quickly and accurately calculate a time domain directional diagram and a beam width of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna with excitation delay without depending on numerical calculation, and can also iteratively calculate an excitation time sequence corresponding to the time domain directional diagram when the beam is expanded to a preset time domain directional diagram.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for expanding a beam of a transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna, which solves the technical problem that the difficulty in solving a time domain directional diagram is high and the result is not ideal by using a numerical method in the process of expanding the beam of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna, and simultaneously finds a solution for searching an excitation delay sequence corresponding to the optimal value of a relevant index of a radiation field in an expected beam width.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna beam expanding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a sample set based on the radiation field data of a single array element of the small array antenna;
setting array element spacing d of array antenna x 、d y ，d x 、d y Array element spacing in E-plane and H-plane directions is respectively set up, an a x b element sub-array is set up, a is more than or equal to 3, b is more than or equal to 3, time domain directional diagram information of a certain array element in the center of the array at far field distance R is collected, and time domain radiation field waveforms of different angles of a main shaft and an off-axis are mainly included;
the far field refers to an area with approximately constant field intensity and distance product;
step 2: carrying out analysis and calculation of beam expansion of the M multiplied by N element array antenna, wherein M is more than or equal to 3, N is more than or equal to 3, and the excitation of each array element S (i, j) is delayed by T dij As a free variable of a genetic algorithm, excitation delay is generated through the genetic algorithm, and the relative time difference T of the spatial synthesis of each array element S (i, j) at a certain observation point P (x, y, z) on a time domain directional diagram is calculated ij Including an excitation delay T dij Relative spatial delay T generated by sum-path difference sij I.e. T ij ＝T sij +T dij (ii) a Wherein i and j are the number of rows and columns of the array elements;
because the distance between the array element S (i, j) and the observation point P (x, y, z) is far larger than the size of the array element, the wave path can be approximate to the distance between the center of the tail end of the array element and P, the wave path of the array element can be calculated by the pythagorean theorem, and the relative space delay T of each array element is obtained by taking the minimum wave path as the reference sij ；
Distance between observation point P (x, y, z) and array oral surface centerIs r o And r is o The value of R is not less than that in the step 1, so that the observation point to be calculated is ensured to be positioned in the far field of the array element;
and step 3: adopting a mixing method of combining single-array-element radiation field data with theoretical approximation, the radiation field e → of each array element S (i, j) at an observation point P (x, y, z) ij Calculating the radiation fields of the array antenna at different observation points P by approximate equivalence of the wave forms of the radiation fields obtained in the step 1 to obtain a time domain directional diagram and a wave beam width of the array antenna;
in the M multiplied by N element array antenna, the time domain directional diagram and the radiation field of each array element S (i, j) are approximately the same as the array elements of the a multiplied by b element array in the step 1;
and 4, step 4: setting a beam width expected value of a time domain directional diagram as a constraint condition of a genetic algorithm, setting the population quantity, the free variable value range and the calculation termination condition of the genetic algorithm by taking the relevant indexes of the radiation field of the array antenna as a target function, and iteratively generating a new excitation delay sequence T of the array antenna on the basis of the step 3 dij And repeating the steps 2-4, and optimizing through a genetic algorithm to obtain an excitation delay sequence corresponding to the optimal value of the relevant index of the radiation field in the expected beam width range.
The related indexes of the array antenna radiation field are set according to actual requirements, and the related indexes can be the maximum value of the product of the field intensity and the distance, the maximum value of the field intensity or the average field intensity and the like.
Furthermore, array antennas with different array pitches and larger scales in the steps 2-4 can be adopted as the array antennas in the step 1, but if the array antennas with the same array pitches as those in the step 1 are adopted, the calculation accuracy is higher.
The effective benefits of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the wave beam expanding method of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna, a mixed method of combining single-array-element radiation field data and theoretical approximation is adopted from the angle of array-element radiation field vector synthesis, and a time domain directional diagram of the wave beam expanding of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna can be calculated rapidly and accurately.
2. Aiming at the beam control and adjustment requirements of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna, the time domain directional diagrams of the array antenna under different excitation delays are iteratively calculated through a genetic algorithm to obtain an excitation delay sequence under the condition that the relevant indexes of a radiation field under the preset beam width are optimal, the blindness of manual delay setting is avoided, and support is provided for the beam expanding and shaping calculation of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna.
3. Compared with the mode of manually changing the array element spacing layout and the array aperture size, the method realizes more intelligence and convenience in expanding and shaping the wave beam of the array antenna by adjusting the excitation delay.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single array element time domain directional diagram data acquisition process according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of beam expansion of the array antenna according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated and described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for expanding a beam of a transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna provided by the present invention, taking the expansion of a beam of a 5 × 6 planar array antenna in fig. 2 in an H plane (x direction) symmetric with respect to a main axis as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1: and establishing a sample set based on the radiation field data of the single array element of the small array antenna. Setting array element spacing d of array antenna x 、d y (d x 、d y The method comprises the following steps of respectively setting up the spacing between array elements of an E surface and an H surface), constructing an a x b element sub-array (a and b are more than or equal to 3), collecting time domain directional diagram information of a certain array element in the center of the array at a far field distance R, mainly comprising time domain radiation field waveforms of different angles of a main shaft and an off-axis, and providing data support for the step 3, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, which is a 3 × 3 planar antenna array, the time domain directional diagram information of the array elements (2,2) is collected, that is, the different directions are collected
Electric field at far field distance R
Mainly comprises radiation fields of H surface and E surface in different directions, time starting points or rising edges of main waveforms are aligned to eliminate time delay, preparation is made for time delay space synthesis of each array element radiation field in step 3, and the obtained radiation fields of the H surface and the E surface are respectively
Wherein m and n are positive integers, and the specific numerical value is determined by the angular resolution of the required directional diagram.
Step 2: when carrying out analysis and calculation of M multiplied by N element (M, N is more than or equal to 3) array antenna beam expansion, the excitation delay T of each array element S (i, j) (i, j is the number of rows and columns of the array element) dij As a free variable of the genetic algorithm, namely, generating an excitation delay sequence by the genetic algorithm, calculating the relative time difference T of the spatial synthesis of each array element S (i, j) at a certain observation point P (x, y, z) on the time domain directional diagram ij Including an excitation delay T dij Spatial delay T generated by sum-path difference sij Then T is ij ＝T sij +T dij The specific method comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: excitation delay T dij The setting of (1), namely the design of a free variable X of a genetic algorithm;
as shown in fig. 3, taking a 5 × 6 planar antenna array (or an array with M being an odd number and N being an even number) as an example, considering that a time domain pattern of the array antenna is symmetrical and a beam expansion is performed in an H plane, at this time, mainly adjusting an excitation delay in an x direction, that is, slowing down wavefronts on both sides by gradually increasing delays from the center of the array to both sides, a free variable of a genetic algorithm adopts the following two design methods:
1) the excitation delays of the array elements are independent, the array element delays in a quarter region of the array aperture are required to be optimized and calculated, the array element delays in the other regions are symmetrically arranged, as shown in table 1, at the moment, the number of free variables required to be optimized by a genetic algorithm is 9, and a constructed free variable 'gene string' X is a 9-dimensional vector:
X＝[x 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ,x 4 ,x 5 ,x 6 ,x 7 ,x 8 ,x 9 ] (1)
TABLE 1
2) The free variables are simplified, namely the same excitation delay is adopted by array elements in the same column, and the method can greatly reduce the calculation amount for the optimization calculation of the excitation delay of the large-scale array antenna. The delay of the array elements in the left half area needs to be optimized, and the delay of the array elements in the other areas is symmetrically arranged, as shown in table 2,
TABLE 2
X＝[x 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ] (2)
At the moment, the genetic algorithm needs to optimize 3 free variables, and the X for constructing a free variable 'gene string' is a 3-dimensional vector:
step 2.2: calculating the space delay T generated by the wave path difference of the radiation field of each array element S (i, j) to the point P sij ；
Because the distance between the S point and the P point of the array element is far larger than the size of the array element, the wave path can be approximate to the distance between the tail end center of the array element and the P point, the wave path of the array element can be calculated by the pythagorean theorem, and the relative space delay T of each array element is obtained by taking the minimum wave path as the reference sij 。
And step 3: adopting a mixing method of combining single array element radiation field data with theoretical approximation to combine the radiation field of each array element S (i, j) at the P point
And (2) calculating the radiation fields of the array antenna at different observation points P by using the approximate equivalence of the wave forms of the radiation fields obtained in the step (1) to obtain the time domain directional diagram and the beam width of the array antenna, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps of:
step 3.1: calculating array elements S (i, j) in H planeApproximate radiation field at the upper viewpoint P
And calculating the H-plane deflection angle of the observation point P relative to the array element S (i, j). Assuming that each array element of the 5 x 6 array is the same as the time domain directional diagram of the array element collected by the 3 x 3 array, the distance between the observation point P and the array element S (i, j) is determined according to the distance
And azimuth angle data, and calculating the approximate radiation field of each array element at the observation point by combining the radiation fields of the unit in different deflection angles of the H surface at the main axis R.
Due to the fact that
Not necessarily R, according to the rule that the product of the field intensity and the distance of the time domain far field is approximately constant, the collected radiation fields of the H surface in different directions are obtained
Carrying out amplitude correction to obtain the distance of the array element S (i, j)
Time domain patterns and radiation fields.
When the angle between adjacent sampling points is small, the waveform between the adjacent sampling points is approximately linearly changed gradually, and the radiation field at the position can be approximately calculated according to the H-plane deflection angle
Step 3.2: the radiation field of array element S (i, j)
Time delay T ij And (3) performing vector synthesis, calculating a radiation field of the array at a point P, changing the position of the point P, and obtaining an expanded time domain directional diagram of the array antenna beam according to the radiation fields of a plurality of observation points.
And 4, step 4: beam for setting time domain directional diagramSetting parameters such as population quantity, free variable value range, calculation termination condition and the like of the genetic algorithm by taking the width expected value as a constraint condition of the genetic algorithm and taking the array radiation field related index as a target function, and iteratively generating a new excitation delay sequence T of the array antenna on the basis of the time domain directional diagram beam width and the radiation field related parameter obtained in the step 3 dij Repeating the processes of the step 2 to the step 4, and optimizing through a genetic algorithm to obtain an excitation delay sequence corresponding to the optimal value of the relevant index of the radiation field in the expected beam width range, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
assuming that the wave beam width of the 5 multiplied by 6 array antenna is expected to be expanded to be not less than 20 degrees, optimizing an objective function to be the maximum value of the product of the field intensity and the distance in the wave beam width, setting the population number of a genetic algorithm to be 50, the value of a free variable to be an integer from 0 to 5ns, and setting the terminal condition to be that the deviation of a fitness function is 10^ (-9), and adopting the GA function in an MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox to iteratively generate an excitation delay sequence T of the array antenna dij And repeating the processes of the steps 2-4, and terminating the genetic algorithm when all conditions are met to obtain the corresponding optimal excitation delay sequence under the condition that the product of the field intensity and the distance of the radiation field in the expected beam width range is maximum.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the invention in any way, so that those skilled in the art may, using the teachings of the present invention, make alterations and modifications to the equivalent embodiment with equivalent variations. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made according to the technical scheme of the invention still belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A wave beam expanding method of a transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing a sample set based on the radiation field data of a single array element of the small array antenna;
setting array element spacing d of array antenna x 、d y ，d x 、d y Respectively setting up a sub array of a multiplied by b elements with a more than or equal to 3 and b more than or equal to 3 according to the array element spacing in the directions of the E surface and the H surface, and acquiring the time of a certain array element at the center of the array at the far field distance RThe domain directional diagram information mainly comprises time domain radiation field waveforms of different angles of a main shaft and an off-axis;
the far field refers to an area with approximately constant field intensity distance product at different distances;
step 2: carrying out the analysis and calculation of the beam expansion of the M multiplied by N element array antenna, wherein M is more than or equal to 3, N is more than or equal to 3, and the excitation delay T of each array element S (i, j) is delayed dij As a free variable of a genetic algorithm, an excitation delay sequence is generated through the genetic algorithm, and a time difference T of spatial synthesis of each array element S (i, j) at a certain observation point P (x, y, z) on a time domain directional diagram is calculated ij Including an excitation delay T dij Relative spatial delay T generated by sum-path difference sij I.e. T ij ＝T sij +T dij (ii) a Wherein i and j are the number of rows and columns of the array elements;
because the distance between the array element S (i, j) and the observation point P (x, y, z) is far larger than the size of the array element, the wave path can be approximate to the distance between the center of the tail end of the array element and P, the wave path of the array element can be calculated by the pythagorean theorem, and the relative space delay T of each array element is obtained by taking the minimum wave path as the reference sij ；
The distance between the observation point P (x, y, z) and the center of the array aperture is r o And r is o The distance R is not less than R in the step 1, so that the observation point to be calculated is ensured to be positioned in the far field of the array element;
and step 3: adopting a mixing method of combining single array element radiation field data and theoretical approximation to combine the radiation field of each array element S (i, j) at an observation point P (x, y, z)
Calculating the radiation fields of the array antenna at different observation points P by approximate equivalence of the wave forms of the radiation fields obtained in the step 1 to obtain a time domain directional diagram and a wave beam width of the array antenna;
in the M multiplied by N element array antenna, the time domain directional diagram and the radiation field of each array element S (i, j) are approximately the same as the array elements of the a multiplied by b element array in the step 1;
and 4, step 4: setting a beam width expected value of a time domain directional diagram as a constraint condition of a genetic algorithm, setting the population quantity and the self of the genetic algorithm by taking the relevant indexes of the radiation field of the array antenna as a target functionIteratively generating a new excitation delay sequence T of the array antenna on the basis of the step 3 by the value range of the variable and the calculation termination condition dij Repeating the steps 2-4, and optimizing through a genetic algorithm to obtain an excitation delay sequence corresponding to the optimal value of the relevant index of the radiation field within the expected beam width range;
the related indexes of the array antenna radiation field are set according to actual requirements, and the related indexes are the maximum value of the product of the field intensity and the distance, the maximum field intensity or the average field intensity and the like.
2. The method for expanding the beam of the transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the array antennas in the steps 2-4 adopt array antennas with different array pitches and larger scales than those in the step 1, but if the array antennas with the same array pitches as those in the step 1 are adopted, the calculation accuracy is higher.
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| US20020068613A1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-06-06 | Kentaro Miyano | Method of calculating exciting coefficients for circular array antenna and radio unit utilizing the same |
| CN107657070A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2018-02-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Decoupling method and antenna based on the conformal array beamses of genetic algorithm frequency diversity |
| US20210270883A1 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2021-09-02 | Kuang-Chi Institute Of Advanced Technology | Method and device for calculating directional pattern of beam pointing adjustable antenna |
| CN113810092A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-17 | 中国人民解放军63660部队 | Waveform pulse width expanding method for transient electromagnetic pulse radiation array |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020068613A1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-06-06 | Kentaro Miyano | Method of calculating exciting coefficients for circular array antenna and radio unit utilizing the same |
| CN107657070A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2018-02-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Decoupling method and antenna based on the conformal array beamses of genetic algorithm frequency diversity |
| US20210270883A1 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2021-09-02 | Kuang-Chi Institute Of Advanced Technology | Method and device for calculating directional pattern of beam pointing adjustable antenna |
| CN113810092A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-17 | 中国人民解放军63660部队 | Waveform pulse width expanding method for transient electromagnetic pulse radiation array |
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