CN104993251B - A kind of large planar array Antenna measuring table cascades optimization method - Google Patents
A kind of large planar array Antenna measuring table cascades optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104993251B CN104993251B CN201510362211.4A CN201510362211A CN104993251B CN 104993251 B CN104993251 B CN 104993251B CN 201510362211 A CN201510362211 A CN 201510362211A CN 104993251 B CN104993251 B CN 104993251B
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Abstract
Optimization method is cascaded the invention discloses a kind of large planar array Antenna measuring table, hybrid optimization algorithm that iterative Fourier transform method (IFT) is combined with a variety of intelligent optimization algorithms is employed to planar array antenna travel direction figure comprehensive Design, and considers in comprehensive Design the influence of mutual coupling factor between antenna element.The present invention has calculating speed fast for the comprehensive Design problem of particularly large-scale (unit number the is more than 1000) planar array antenna of planar array, computational accuracy height and the good advantage of versatility.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Radar Antenna System field, it is related to a kind of large planar array Antenna measuring table cascade optimization
Method.
Background technology
The present invention is used for the directional diagram figuration of planar array antenna, has efficiency high especially for large planar array
Advantage.Planar array antenna integrated approach is accompanied by the development of Radar Technology and continued to develop, and is directed to base both at home and abroad at present
The Pattern Synthesis of Antenna Array weighted in full array element can be divided into following several method：Analytic method；Traditional mathematicses optimization；
Artificial intelligent type algorithm；Iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFT).
Analytic method refers to directly to utilize analytic formula to calculate Antenna measuring table, and this method can quickly calculate institute
Need the activation profile of directional diagram.Classical method has Taylor (Taylor) synthesis, Chebyshev (Chebyshev) comprehensive at present
(Xue Zhenghui, Li Weiming, the Ren Wu such as method, Belize (Bayliss) synthesis《Analysis of antenna array and synthesis》Beijing：Navigate in Beijing
Empty space flight university, 2011), it is exactly that just can quickly obtain activation profile using analytic formula the characteristics of these algorithms, with reality
The characteristics of when property, but these methods can only carry out comprehensive Design by some simple directional diagrams to form of a stroke or a combination of strokes Sidelobe directional diagram etc., it is right
Will be helpless in complicated Pattern Synthesis this method.
Traditional mathematicses optimization method has the advantages that flexibility is strong, applicability is wide compared with analytic method.Mathematically,
The essence of array antenna optimization design problem is to solve for array radiation patterns property indices (such as directivity factor, secondary lobe
Level etc.) on Optimum Excitation weight vectors, the global minimum or max problem of array element spatial distribution.In traditional optimization side
The mathematic(al) representation of these Constrained and Unconstrained Optimizations is referred to as object function in method.Steepest descent method (Robert G Voges, Jerome K
Butler.Phase optimization of antenna array gain with constrained amplitude
excitation[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1972,20(4):432-
436.), linear programming technique (Hu Liangbing, Liu Hongwei, the centralized MIMO radar transmitting pattern Fast design methods of the superfine of Yang Xiao
[J] electronics and information journal, 2010,32 (2)：481-484.) etc. traditional Mathematics Optimization Method is applied to directional diagram successively
In synthtic price index.Object function in array antenna optimization design often has the mathematics such as non-linear, non-differentiability to design parameters
Characteristic, thus the Local Optimization Algorithm such as steepest descent method, linear programming technique such issues that solve when to choosing the quality of initial value
With very strong dependence, Local Extremum is easily trapped into an iterative process.For more complicated multiple target, extensive change
Optimization problem is measured, these methods, which will occur, not to be restrained, the problems such as computational efficiency is reduced.
Artificial intelligent type optimized algorithm is typical such as genetic algorithm (GA) (Mandal D, Ghoshal S K, Das S, et
al.Improvement of radiation pattern for linear antenna array using genetic
algorithm[C].Proc.of the International conference on Recent Trends in
Information,Telecommunication and Computing,2010:126-129.), population (PSO) algorithm (Liu
Swallow, Guo Chenjiang, fourth monarch etc., Pattern Synthesis of Antenna Array [J] electronic measurement techniques based on particle cluster algorithm, 2007,30
(6)：43-45.), (Xie Huanhuan, poplar uncle is comprehensive towards array aerial direction figures of the based on differential evolution algorithm for differential evolution algorithm (DE)
Close research [J] modern times navigation, phase June the 3rd in 2012：219-224.) and a variety of intelligent optimization algorithms combine algorithm (week
Mixed genetic algorithm optimizing [J] microwave journals of the Pattern Synthesis of Antenna Array such as Hai Jin, Liu Qizhong, Li Jianfeng, 2008 years
October the supplementary issue of volume 24：60-64.), (.PSO such as Liu Ruibin, Yan Zehong, Sun Congwu and GA are in Pattern Synthesis of Antenna Array
Application [J] Xian Electronics Science and Technology University's journals (natural science edition), the 5th phase of volume 33 in October, 2006：797-813.) etc.
Applied in Pattern Synthesis field.These artificial intelligent type algorithms solve nonlinear optimal problem have simple general-purpose,
Strong adaptability and the features such as can avoid being absorbed in local optimum.Based on these features, artificial intelligent type algorithm is applied to electricity
Magnetic fields solve the problem of other algorithms can't resolve, but these algorithm the convergence speed are slow, comprehensive described in document
Close array scale and be generally the small-sized plane array antenna that line array either unit number is less than 300.
Keizer encourages the Fourier transform relation between the far-field pattern factor using periodic array radiating element, carries
Gone out iterative Fourier transform algorithm (Iterative Fourier Technique, abbreviation IFT) algorithm (W.P.M.N.Keizer,
Low Sidelobe Pattern Synthesis Using Iterative Fourier Techniques Coded in
MATLAB[J],IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,Vol.51,No.2,April 2009：137-
150).The algorithm available for Sidelobe Pattern Synthesis design, can also realize complexity secondary lobe structure, and can secondary lobe finger
Determine region zero setting.IFT algorithms are by initial excitation, the sampled point of directional diagram is obtained using IFFT algorithms, with target direction figure
After comparing, the sampled point of backlog demand is changed, then new element excitation is obtained into circulation next time using fft algorithm is inverse,
End loop after directional diagram and excitation are satisfied by target or cycle-index reaches preset value.Due to FFT and IFFT computational efficiencies
It is very high, so IFT can efficiently complete the Pattern Synthesis problem of large-scale periodic array antenna.But this method is often
Restrain in advance, can not continue optimization when iterating to after certain number of times and cause not reaching global optimum.
The present invention combines iterative Fourier transform algorithm with artificial intelligent type algorithm, has taken into account iterative Fourier transform algorithm effect
Rate is high to search the characteristics of solution ability is strong with artificial intelligent type algorithm, can more efficiently solve the comprehensive meter of large planar array antenna
Calculation problem.
The content of the invention
For existing technological deficiency, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of good planar array antenna direction of versatility
Figure integrated approach, by the way that IFT is combined with a variety of optimized algorithms, can effectively improve large planar array antenna radiation pattern
Overall efficiency and computational accuracy.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by following technical method：
The first step：Cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in acquisition exhibition by combination method0, obtain the working frequency f of exhibition by combination method0, battle array
Row scale：M rows, N row, line space dy, column pitch dx, target direction figure Fg.Array pattern is taken to calculate points K, and K=2n>
Max (M, N), n are positive integer；
Second step：M groups are produced using IFT, m is positive integer, and m>1, array element width phase activation profile Ei, wherein i=
1,2 ... m, and corresponding array aerial direction figure Fi, wherein i=1,2 ... m；
3rd step：By m group pattern unit width phase activation profiles Ei, wherein i=1,2 ... m utilize difference as initial value
Evolution algorithm is optimized, and obtains one group of wherein optimal width phase activation profile EpAnd correspondence array aerial direction figure Fp；
4th step：By the optimal width phase activation profile EpUsing the further iteration optimization of simulated annealing optimization algorithm, obtain
Obtain optimal width phase activation profile E finallyp1With corresponding array aerial direction figure Fp1。
Cell orientation diagram data P in battle array wherein in the first step0Obtained using planar near-field test L × L scales array approach,
And L is the odd number more than 9.Array pattern F in second step, the 3rd step, the 4th stepi, wherein i=1,2 ... m, Fp、Fp1
Calculated and obtained using fast fourier transform algorithm, and be included in calculating process element pattern P0Influence.
The present invention is compared with art methods, and its advantage is：
1. computational efficiency of the invention is high, initial value of this method by the use of IFT methods and resultses as artificial intelligent type algorithm,
Not only convergence rate had been accelerated but also had avoided being absorbed in locally optimal solution.Fast Fourier calculation is employed in the calculating process of array pattern
Method, which is greatly accelerated, searches solution speed, and the synthesis that 1000 large planar array is more than for planar array particularly array scale is asked
Topic, its computational efficiency is greatly improved.
2. counting accuracy of the invention is high, because in combined process, this method considers the influence of inter-element mutual coupling,
Planar array pattern characteristics can be more accurately simulated, computational accuracy is further increased.
3. versatility of the present invention is good, array element type of this method independent of planar array antenna, based on any types array element
Planar array antenna can be carried out using this method comprehensive, and Target Aerial Array directional diagram is not limited to special shape.This method
The arrangement of radiating element rectangular grid is applicable not only to, the comprehensive of the type arrays such as elementary triangle arrangement, sparse arrangement is applied also for
Close design.This method can not only be applied to the comprehensive Design that array antenna amplitude-phase weights excitation, moreover it is possible to realize only phase or only
The comprehensive Design of amplitude weighting.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is element pattern schematic diagram in open ended waveguide unit battle array.
Fig. 2 is integrated approach flow chart.
Fig. 3 is iterative Fourier transform algorithm IFT flow charts.
Fig. 4 is differential evolution algorithm flow chart.
Fig. 5 is simulated annealing flow chart.
Fig. 6 is 9 × 9 open ended waveguide partial array illustratons of model in Ansoft HFSS.
Fig. 7 is fan-shaped broad beam graphics.
Fig. 8 is the azimuth plane sectional drawing of fan-shaped broad beam.
Fig. 9 is the pitching face sectional drawing of fan-shaped broad beam.
Figure 10 is the corresponding phase distribution figure of fan-shaped broad beam directional diagram.
Figure 11 is the convergence curve figure of fitness value.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.By taking the fan-shaped Pattern Synthesis problem of an open ended waveguide planar array antenna as an example, specifically
Illustrate the combining step of array pattern：
The first step：Data prepare：Cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in acquisition exhibition by combination method0, as shown in Figure 1.This example array
Scale：M=40 rows, N=60 row, line space dy=0.56 λ0, column pitch dx=0.54 λ0, λ0For antenna operating wavelength.Unit is pressed
Rectangular grid is arranged.Target direction figure FgMain lobe be fan-shaped directional diagram, 2 ° of azimuth plane, 20 ° of pitching face, secondary lobe -15dB, main lobe
Region ripple fluctuating 1dB.Array pattern is taken to calculate points K=256=2 in this example8>64, K value is bigger to directional diagram
Description is more accurate, but the speed of corresponding calculated direction figure can be reduced；
Second step：M=40 group pattern unit width phase activation profiles E is produced using IFTi(i=1,2 ... m), and correspondingly
Array aerial direction figure Fi(i=1,2 ... m), and wherein IFT detailed process is as shown in Figure 3；
3rd step：By m group pattern unit width phase activation profiles Ei(i=1,2 ... m) utilizes differential evolution as initial value
Algorithm is optimized, and the step of iteration 40 obtains one group of wherein optimal width phase activation profile EpAnd correspondence array aerial direction figure Fp,
The idiographic flow of differential evolution algorithm is as shown in Figure 4；
4th step：By the optimal width phase activation profile EpUsing the further step of iteration 800 of simulated annealing optimization algorithm, obtain
Obtain optimal width phase activation profile E finallyp1With corresponding array aerial direction figure Fp1, the idiographic flow of simulated annealing is such as
Shown in Fig. 5.
The fitness function of whole optimization process is Fitness=W × (weight1 × ripple factor+weight2 × pair
Valve), W is zoom factor, and weight1 and weight2 is respectively W=100 in the weight of ripple factor and secondary lobe, this example,
Weight1=0.8, weight2=0.2.
Cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in the first step described in the present embodiment0Employ the commercial simulation software emulation of electromagnetism
Calculate 9 × 9 partial arrays to obtain, its model is as shown in Figure 6.The battle array in second step, the 3rd step, the 4th step described in the present embodiment
The calculating of column direction figure employs fast fourier transform algorithm, and element pattern P in battle array has been included in calculating process0's
Influence.The array factor F of fast fourier transform algorithm computing array antenna can be used by implementingz, then whole array direction
Figure is P0×Fz.As shown in figs. 7 to 9, Figure 10 then gives the phase distribution of correspondence array stimulating, figure to the synthesized pattern of array
11 be the convergence curve figure of the fitness value of optimization process.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of large planar array Antenna measuring table cascades optimization method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
The first step：Data prepare：Cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in acquisition exhibition by combination method0, obtain the working frequency of exhibition by combination method
f0, array scale：M rows, N row, line space dy, column pitch dx, target direction figure Fg；Array pattern is taken to calculate points K, and K=
2n>Max (M, N), n are positive integer；
Second step：M group pattern unit width phase activation profiles E is produced using IFTiAnd corresponding array aerial direction figure Fi, its
Middle m is positive integer, and m>1, i=1,2 ... m；
3rd step：By m group pattern unit width phase activation profiles Ei, wherein i=1,2 ... m as initial value utilize differential evolution calculate
Method is optimized, and obtains one group of wherein optimal width phase activation profile EpAnd correspondence array aerial direction figure Fp；
4th step：By the optimal width phase activation profile EpUsing the further iteration optimization of simulated annealing optimization algorithm, obtain final
Optimal width phase activation profile Ep1With corresponding array aerial direction figure Fp1。
2. a kind of large planar array Antenna measuring table cascade optimization method according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in the first step0Obtained using planar near-field test L × L scales array approach, and L be more than
9 odd number.
3. a kind of large planar array Antenna measuring table cascade optimization method according to claim 1 or 2, its feature
It is：The calculating of array aerial direction figure in methods described employs fast fourier transform algorithm, and using array factor with
Element pattern P0The method computing array antenna radiation pattern of product.
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| CN106329153B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-11-15 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of combined optimization method comprehensive for large-scale isomery four-dimensional antenna array |
| CN106850016B (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2020-05-19 | 金陵科技学院 | Phase-only weighted array antenna beam forming optimization method based on MIFT and CP mixed algorithm |
| CN107204524A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-09-26 | 东南大学 | Artificial electromagnetic surface and its design method based on P B-phase structures |
| CN107256292B (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2019-04-19 | 西北工业大学 | Dynamic dominates and is evenly distributed directional diagram optimization method preferentially |
| CN107958106B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-07-30 | 东南大学 | A kind of directional diagram numerical optimization of circle bore planar array antenna |
| CN110069896B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2023-04-07 | 重庆邮电大学 | Vortex electromagnetic wave generation and optimization method based on sparse 2D linear array |
| CN110470914A (en) * | 2019-07-13 | 2019-11-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | It is a kind of based on iterative Fourier transform algorithm without phase near field antenna measurements method |
| CN113126087B (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Space-borne interference imaging altimeter antenna |
| CN113268934A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-17 | 北京无线电测量研究所 | Method and system for synthesizing planar array directional diagram based on genetic algorithm of FFT (fast Fourier transform) |
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