CN115021783B - Rapid wave beam searching method based on IRS auxiliary cellular system - Google Patents
Rapid wave beam searching method based on IRS auxiliary cellular system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/04013—Intelligent reflective surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fast wave beam searching method based on an IRS auxiliary cellular system, which comprises the following steps: dividing the URA between BS and IRS links into ULA for transmitting/reflecting signals in different directions simultaneously; BS beams are transmitted simultaneously in all directions using ULA, and the BTS of each beam carries a corresponding CID and BID; the signals are reflected in sequence in all beam directions through the IRS; the URA between the IRS and MS links is decomposed into ULA to receive signals from different beam directions simultaneously; after receiving the signal, the MS obtains CID and BID of the received signal through operation; according to CID and BID of the beam signals and CID and BID of the received signals, respectively carrying out training search on beams of BS-IRS and IRS-MS links through the constructed BTSs model to obtain an optimal beam pair. The invention can obviously reduce the beam training time, improve the beam training efficiency, has better beam training effect and can search the optimal beam pair.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular systems for deploying intelligent reflecting surfaces (intelligentreflectingsurface, IRS), and particularly relates to a rapid wave beam searching method based on an IRS auxiliary cellular system.
Background
The need to increase data rates has prompted researchers to explore a higher frequency range (mmWave/THz) with widely available bandwidth. However, millimeter wave/terahertz systems have very limited performance due to small wavelength and large path loss. To overcome these problems, intelligent reflective surfaces (intelligentreflectingsurface, IRS) need to be studied to provide alternative paths for end users. By using beamforming in millimeter wave frequencies, the link budget can be effectively improved. Beam training is required during the initialization phase to find the best link between the Base Station (BS) and the mobile terminal (MS), and the beam training time at initialization is proportional to the number of beams in the system. This beam search time is further increased in IRS assisted cellular systems due to the need to find the best beam pair in the BS-IRS-MS link.
In millimeter wave communication systems, misalignment between transmit and receive beams may result in significant loss of receive power, particularly in narrow beam systems. Therefore, in millimeter wave communication systems, beam training is required to find the best beam pair among all possible beam pairs to maximize beam forming efficiency. Beam training is necessary in the initialization phase as well as in the event of MS behavior changes (rotations, displacements) or environmental changes (obstructions). Beam training needs to be performed more frequently than in conventional communication systems because millimeter wave links are susceptible to blockage and dropouts of beam alignment.
The latest technology is to provide a fast beam training for multi-beam scenarios, the beam training technology can be largely divided into two different categories: exhaustive search methods and iterative search methods. In the exhaustive search method, a single transmit beam is transmitted from the BS alone until all transmit beams are transmitted. A receive beam scan is performed at the MS for each transmit beam to measure the signal-to-noise ratio of each transmit-receive beam pair. Signal-to-noise ratio measurements of all possible transmit-receive beam pairs must be performed for all neighbor BSs to select the serving BS with the best beam pair. In the exhaustive search technique, the processing time required for beam training increases in proportion to the product of the number of transmit beams and the number of receive beams. This longer processing time would impose a significant energy overhead on the moving MS, since beam training should be done periodically for possible handover or beam tracking. In iterative search techniques, a layered multi-resolution codebook is used to construct training beamforming vectors with different beamwidths. In this technique, as the beamforming vector of the next stage has higher resolution, the beamwidth is iteratively reduced, thereby reducing the beam training overhead.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the rapid beam searching method based on the IRS auxiliary cellular system is provided, so that the beam training time can be obviously reduced, and the beam searching efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fast beam searching method based on an IRS auxiliary cellular system, comprising the steps of:
S1: dividing the URA between BS and IRS links into ULA for transmitting/reflecting signals in different directions simultaneously;
s2: BS beams are transmitted simultaneously in all directions using ULA, and the BTS of each beam carries a corresponding CID and BID;
s3: the signals are reflected in sequence in all beam directions through the IRS;
S4: the URA between the IRS and MS links is decomposed into ULA to receive signals from different beam directions simultaneously;
S5: after receiving the signal, the MS obtains CID and BID of the received signal through operation;
s6: according to the CID and BID of the wave beam signals in the step S2 and the CID and BID of the received signals in the step S5, respectively carrying out training search on wave beams of the BS-IRS and IRS-MS links through the constructed BTSs model to obtain an optimal wave beam pair.
Further, the method for partitioning URA between BS and IRS link in step S1 is as follows:
URA at BS is divided into Each subarray, in turn, is composed of/>And the antenna units are formed.
Further, the beams in the step S2 are simultaneously transmitted fromSub-array emission, wherein/>Representing the beam pointing angle, BID is b, and the number of beam pointing at BS is defined by/>Given.
Further, the received signal in the step S5 is expressed as:
Wherein:
Wherein b and c represent BID and CID, respectively; tx and rx represent transmit and receive beams, respectively; and/> Loss coefficients respectively representing BS, IRS and MS; /(I)And/>Respectively representing channel gains between the BS and the MS and channel gains between the BS and the IRS; q c,b denotes a baseband transmission signal of the BS; eta (n) represents variance as/>Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with an average value of 0.
Further, the BTSs model in step S6 includes two beam training signals, which are ZC-BTS and m-BTS, respectively;
due to the low peak-to-average power (PAPR) and good correlation, ZC sequences are widely used as synchronization signals in communication systems for many applications. In the proposed fast beam search process, the beams are transmitted simultaneously, so that the beam training time can be reduced. In order to distinguish the beams at the receiving end, CID and BID of the beam need to be transmitted in BTC. Here, CID and BID are mapped to a prime long ZC sequence, expressed as follows:
wherein 1 < r c < L, gcd (r, L) =1, wherein, Representing a ZC-BTS with CID c and BID b, "gcd" represents the maximum common factor, r c, z, and L represent the root index of the ZC sequence carrying CID c, the cyclic shift interval of the ZC sequence, and the sequence length, respectively;
Due to its good correlation properties, m-sequences have been used to generate reference signals for cellular communications. The invention provides a new wave beam training signal based on m-sequence (m-BTS) for fast wave beam searching. The m-BTS is represented as follows:
wherein, L＝2n-1,0≤dc,db＜L,dc≠db；
Where s represents the DFT of the m-sequence s, different cyclic shift values (d c,db) corresponding to CID and BID are used to generate Is obtained by multiplying two sequences (S, S *), which are DFTs of m-sequences with different cyclic shifts; the number of IDs that an m-BTS can generate is given by (L-1) L, which represents the length of the m-sequence.
In the present invention, ZC-BTS and m-BTS are performed separately, and during initialization, beam search is performed in all possible directions to find the best beam pair. This beam search time increases proportionally with the number of beams in the system.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention detects the optimal beam pairs of the BS-IRS and IRS-MS links through the BTSs model, and respectively utilizes the ZC-BTS and m-BTS beam training signals to carry out beam training, thereby remarkably reducing the beam training time, improving the beam training efficiency, having better beam training effect and being capable of searching the optimal beam pairs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a fast training model based on an IRS-assisted cellular system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular array that is uniform across the BS, IRS and MS;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing correlation between ZC-BTS and m-BTS in the presence of STO;
FIG. 4 is a graph depicting the probability of detection of 3 BTSs;
Fig. 5 is a diagram of beam scanning times for an IRS-based assisted cellular system.
Detailed Description
The present application is further illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed description which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the application and not limiting of its scope, and various modifications of the application, which are equivalent to those skilled in the art upon reading the application, will fall within the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims.
The invention provides a system scene based on a rapid training model of an IRS-assisted cellular system, which is composed of a BS, an IRS and an MS as shown in figure 1. The IRS may provide an alternative link when a line-of-sight (LOS) link between the BS and the MS is blocked.
Based on the above-mentioned scene, the invention provides a fast wave beam searching method based on IRS auxiliary cellular system, comprising the following steps:
S1: the URA between BS and IRS links is divided into ULA to transmit/reflect signals in different directions simultaneously:
As shown in fig. 2, URA at BS is divided into Each subarray, in turn, is composed of/>The antenna units are formed; beam simultaneous slave/>Sub-array emission, wherein/>Representing the beam pointing angle, BID is b, and the number of beam pointing at BS is defined by/>Is given; if the number of beams at the BS is greater than the number of sub-arrays/>The transmission process is repeated u times, i.e./>Where u is an integer.
S2: BS beams are transmitted simultaneously in all directions using ULA, and the BTS of each beam carries a corresponding CID and BID;
s3: the signals are reflected in sequence in all beam directions through the IRS;
S4: the URA between the IRS and MS links is decomposed into ULA to receive signals from different beam directions simultaneously;
S5: after receiving the signal, the MS obtains CID and BID of the received signal through operation; BID of IRS is determined by comparing signal power of different wave beams;
s6: according to the CID and BID of the wave beam signals in the step S2 and the CID and BID of the received signals in the step S5, respectively carrying out training search on wave beams of the BS-IRS and IRS-MS links through the constructed BTSs model to obtain an optimal wave beam pair.
In this embodiment, a BTSs model based on the IRS auxiliary cellular system is provided, and the received signal in step S5 is expressed as:
Wherein:
Wherein b and c represent BID and CID, respectively; tx and rx represent transmit and receive beams, respectively; and/> Loss coefficients respectively representing BS, IRS and MS; /(I)And/>Respectively representing channel gains between the BS and the MS and channel gains between the BS and the IRS; q c,b denotes a baseband transmission signal of the BS; eta (n) represents variance as/>Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with an average value of 0.
The BTSs model in the step S6 comprises two wave beam training signals, namely ZC-BTS and m-BTS;
due to the low peak-to-average power (PAPR) and good correlation, ZC sequences are widely used as synchronization signals in communication systems for many applications. In the proposed fast beam search process, the beams are transmitted simultaneously, so that the beam training time can be reduced. In order to distinguish the beams at the receiving end, CID and BID of the beam need to be transmitted in BTC. Here, CID and BID are mapped to a prime long ZC sequence, expressed as follows:
wherein 1 < r c < L, gcd (r, L) =1, wherein, Representing a ZC-BTS with CID c and BID b, "gcd" represents the maximum common factor, r c, z, and L represent the root index of the ZC sequence carrying CID c, the cyclic shift interval of the ZC sequence, and the sequence length, respectively;
Due to its good correlation properties, m-sequences have been used to generate reference signals for cellular communications. The invention provides a new wave beam training signal based on m-sequence (m-BTS) for fast wave beam searching. The m-BTS is represented as follows:
wherein, L＝2n-1，0≤dc,db＜L,dc≠db；
Wherein S represents the DFT of the m-sequence S, different cyclic shift values (d c,db) corresponding to CID and BID are used to generate Is obtained by multiplying two sequences (S, S *), which are DFTs of m-sequences with different cyclic shifts; the number of IDs that an m-BTS can generate is given by (L-1) L, which represents the length of the m-sequence.
In the present invention, ZC-BTS and m-BTS are performed separately, and during initialization, beam search is performed in all possible directions to find the best beam pair. This beam search time increases proportionally with the number of beams in the system.
The embodiment also provides a rapid beam searching system based on the IRS auxiliary cellular system, which comprises a network interface, a memory and a processor; the network interface is used for receiving and transmitting signals in the process of receiving and transmitting information with other external network elements; a memory storing computer program instructions executable on the processor; and a processor for executing the steps of the consensus method as described above when executing the computer program instructions.
The present embodiment also provides a computer storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described above. The computer-readable medium may be considered tangible and non-transitory. Non-limiting examples of non-transitory tangible computer readable media include non-volatile memory circuits (e.g., flash memory circuits, erasable programmable read-only memory circuits, or masked read-only memory circuits), volatile memory circuits (e.g., static random access memory circuits or dynamic random access memory circuits), magnetic storage media (e.g., analog or digital magnetic tape or hard disk drives), and optical storage media (e.g., CDs, DVDs, or blu-ray discs), among others. The computer program includes processor-executable instructions stored on at least one non-transitory tangible computer-readable medium. The computer program may also include or be dependent on stored data. The computer programs may include a basic input/output system (BIOS) that interacts with the hardware of the special purpose computer, device drivers that interact with particular devices of the special purpose computer, one or more operating systems, user applications, background services, background applications, and so forth.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Based on the above-described scheme, in order to verify the effect of the method of the present invention, the actual effect of the method of the present invention is verified by computer simulation in the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1, considering that there is a block in the BS-MS link, transmission is performed through the BS-IRS-MS link, and a Rician fading channel is also considered.
The specific simulation results are as follows:
fig. 3 shows the autocorrelation of two btss (ZC-BTS and m-BTS) in the presence of a symbol timing offset (SymbolTimingOffset, STO). The autocorrelation of the ZC-BTS and the m-BTS is maximum when STO is zero. The correlation of ZC-BTS is reduced like sinc. When the STO value is an integer greater than zero, the autocorrelation becomes zero. In the presence of STO, the m-BTS becomes another sequence.
As can be seen from fig. 4, ZC-BTS provides the best performance compared to m-BTS and GS. This is because the ZC-BTS has a lower cross-correlation than the m-BTS that is better than the GS.
Fig. 5 compares the beam training time required for BS-IRS-MS links using three different techniques. The beam training time is compared based on the number of beam scans required for the entire BS-IRS-MS link. Fig. 5 is plotted on an s-log scale. Fig. 5 shows that the proposed ZC-BTS or m-BTS technique can significantly reduce the number of beam scans.
Claims (4)
1. A fast beam search method based on an IRS assisted cellular system, comprising the steps of:
S1: dividing the URA between BS and IRS links into ULA for transmitting/reflecting signals in different directions simultaneously;
s2: BS beams are transmitted simultaneously in all directions using ULA, and the BTS of each beam carries a corresponding CID and BID;
s3: the signals are reflected in sequence in all beam directions through the IRS;
S4: the URA between the IRS and MS links is decomposed into ULA to receive signals from different beam directions simultaneously;
S5: after receiving the signal, the MS obtains CID and BID of the received signal through operation;
S6: according to CID and BID of the wave beam signals in the step S2 and CID and BID of the received signals in the step S5, respectively carrying out training search on wave beams of BS-IRS and IRS-MS links through the constructed BTSs model to obtain an optimal wave beam pair;
the BTSs in the step S6 comprise two wave beam training signals, namely ZC-BTS and m-BTS;
The ZC-BTS is represented as follows:
wherein 1 < r c < L, gcd (r, L) =1, wherein, Representing a ZC-BTS with CID c and BID b, "gcd" represents the maximum common factor, r c, z, and L represent the root index of the ZC sequence carrying CID c, the cyclic shift interval of the ZC sequence, and the sequence length, respectively;
The m-BTS is represented as follows:
wherein,
Wherein S represents the DFT of the m-sequence S, different cyclic shift values (d c,db) corresponding to CID and BID are used to generate Is obtained by multiplying two sequences (S, S *), which are DFTs of m-sequences with different cyclic shifts; the number of IDs that an m-BTS can generate is given by (L-1) L, which represents the length of the m-sequence.
2. The fast beam searching method based on the IRS auxiliary cellular system according to claim 1, wherein the URA dividing method between the BS and the IRS link in step S1 is as follows:
URA at BS is divided into Each subarray, in turn, is composed of/>And the antenna units are formed.
3. The fast beam searching method based on the IRS assisted cellular system according to claim 2, wherein the beams in said step S2 are simultaneously selected from the group consisting ofSub-array emission, wherein/>Representing the beam pointing angle, BID is b, and the number of beam pointing at BS is defined by/>Given.
4. The fast beam searching method based on the IRS assisted cellular system according to claim 1, wherein the received signal in step S5 is expressed as:
Wherein:
Wherein b and c represent BID and CID, respectively; tx and rx represent transmit and receive beams, respectively; and/> Loss coefficients respectively representing BS, IRS and MS; /(I)And/>Respectively representing channel gains between the BS and the MS and channel gains between the BS and the IRS; q c,b denotes a baseband transmission signal of the BS; eta (n) represents variance as/>
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| CN111245493A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-06-05 | 北京邮电大学 | Efficient wave beam training method of intelligent reflecting surface assisted millimeter wave communication system |
| CN113517921A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-10-19 | 河海大学 | IRS (unmanned aerial vehicle) -assisted low-altitude passive air relay control method based on unmanned aerial vehicle |
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| Title |
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