CN110824414A - Device and method for estimating angle of arrival - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for estimating an arrival angle, wherein the device comprises a signal conversion module, a mixed dual-polarized antenna array and an arrival angle estimation module, wherein the signal conversion module is used for forming beams of analog signals received by the mixed dual-polarized antenna array and converting the beams into digital signals; the arrival angle estimation module carries out signal processing on the output of the signal conversion modules and estimates the arrival angle of the incoming wave, and the arrival angle estimation module comprises a cross-correlation calculation sub-module, a sub-array phase control sub-module, a digital beam forming sub-module and a power calculation sub-module. The invention combines the output signals of the hybrid dual-polarized array, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signals, and improves the estimation precision and the convergence rate performance of the arrival angle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and relates to a device and a method for estimating an arrival angle.
Background
The millimeter wave band has considerable spectrum resources, and can provide high-rate data transmission for future wireless communication systems. Millimeter wave based applications have also received much attention in recent years, for example, in object tracking, detection, and perception. The millimeter wave signal propagation is mainly line-of-sight propagation, so the information of the arrival angle of the incoming wave is very important for the demodulation of the receiver. Currently, a single-polarized antenna is generally used to receive signals for angle-of-arrival estimation, and for an incoming wave with polarization characteristics, this is likely to cause a loss of received signal power, thereby causing a degradation of the performance of angle-of-arrival estimation.
The traditional digital antenna array requires that each antenna is connected with a radio frequency link to realize combined signal processing, and although good performance can be obtained, the hardware cost, the power consumption and the real-time signal processing complexity brought by the realization are high. Digital arrays are difficult to implement, especially for future large-scale array applications. However, the hybrid antenna array can solve the above problems, and provides a practical solution for array-based transceiver design. The hybrid array is composed of a plurality of analog sub-arrays, each sub-array connected to a digital link. This configuration can provide both array antenna gain and multiplexing gain.
Currently, when a hybrid single polarization array is used for arrival angle estimation, a differential beam search method is often used, and the method mainly includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: performing correlation operation on the baseband signals output by all adjacent sub-arrays to obtain argument estimation;
step two: setting a plurality of initial wave beam searching directions by using the argument information, and sequentially setting all phase shifters and weighting coefficients of digital wave beam forming;
step three: respectively calculating the output power of beam forming, and determining the beam corresponding to the maximum power as an alternative beam;
step four: the angle of arrival is estimated in the direction of the alternative beam.
When the received signal-to-noise ratio is low or the incoming wave polarization direction is not matched with the antenna polarization direction, the accuracy of the argument estimation in the step one is reduced, so that the beam searching direction in the step two is inaccurate; meanwhile, the output power in the third step becomes smaller, which causes the difficulty in phase ambiguity identification, thereby causing the accuracy of the arrival angle estimation to be reduced and the estimation convergence speed to be slowed down.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an arrival angle estimation apparatus and method that improve the received signal-to-noise ratio, thereby improving the accuracy and convergence rate of the arrival angle estimation, and the phase ambiguity recognition capability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival comprises a signal conversion module, a hybrid dual-polarized antenna array and an angle of arrival estimation module, wherein,
the signal conversion module forms beams of analog signals received by the hybrid dual-polarized antenna array and converts the beams into digital signals;
the arrival angle estimation module carries out signal processing on the output of the signal conversion modules and estimates the arrival angle of incoming waves, the arrival angle estimation module comprises a cross-correlation calculation submodule, a subarray phase control submodule, a digital beam forming submodule and a power calculation submodule, and the cross-correlation calculation submodule carries out cross-correlation operation on the output signals of all the signal conversion modules adjacent to each other in two orthogonal polarization directions; the subarray phase control submodule feeds back a result output by the cross-correlation calculation submodule to the control signal conversion module; the digital beam forming submodule carries out weighted beam forming on the signals output by the plurality of signal conversion modules according to the result output by the cross-correlation calculation submodule; and the power calculation sub-module calculates the total power of the output signals of the digital beam forming sub-module, compares the total power to determine beams and outputs the arrival angle estimation of the incoming waves.
Preferably, the hybrid dual-polarized antenna array comprises a plurality of dual-polarized sub-arrays, and the dual-polarized sub-arrays comprise a plurality of x-axis polarized arrays and y-axis polarized arrays.
Preferably, the signal conversion module comprises a plurality of x-axis analog phase shifters, y-axis analog phase shifters, x-axis analog signal combiners, y-axis analog signal combiners and conversion sub-modules, the number of the x-axis analog phase shifters is the same as that of the x-axis polarized arrays, and the phase of signals received by the x-axis polarized arrays is adjusted; the number of the y-axis analog phase shifters is the same as that of the y-axis polarized arrays, and the phase of signals received by the y-axis polarized arrays is adjusted; the x-axis analog signal combiner combines analog signals output by the x-axis analog phase shifter; the y-axis analog signal combiner combines analog signals output by the y-axis analog phase shifter; and the conversion sub-module converts the output signals of the x-axis analog signal combiner and the y-axis analog signal combiner to digital baseband respectively.
Preferably, the hybrid dual-polarized antenna array is a planar array and comprises a plurality of dual-polarized sub-arrays, each dual-polarized sub-array comprises a plurality of dual-polarized arrays, and each dual-polarized array comprises an x-axis polarized array and a y-axis polarized array.
Preferably, the hybrid dual-polarized antenna array is a linear array.
Based on the above purpose, the present invention also provides an arrival angle estimation method, which comprises the following steps:
s10, initializing index pxAnd pyThe setting range is as follows:
wherein M isxMyNumber of dual polarized sub-arrays, MxAnd MyThe number of the subarrays along the x-axis and the y-axis directions respectively; n is a radical ofxNyFor the number of dual-polarized arrays in each dual-polarized array, NxAnd NyThe number of polarized arrays along the x-axis and y-axis, respectively [. ]]For rounding operation;
s20, in the cross-correlation calculation submodule, calculating the output cross-correlation of all adjacent signal conversion modules, summing the signals in two polarization directions, respectively filtering the subarray cross-correlation results along the x-axis and y-axis directions according to the following formula to obtain the cross-correlation R filtered at the ith momentxAnd Ry：
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is m atyMx+mxThe signal conversion module is used for outputting signals in the polarization direction along the t axis; mu is more than 0 and less than 1, and the optimal filter coefficient is selected according to simulation;
s30, in the sub-array phase control sub-module, for a given pxAnd pyThe x-axis beam search direction and the y-axis beam search direction of the estimation candidates are obtained by the following equation,
s40, in the sub-array phase control sub-module, for a given pxAnd pyThe nth is represented by the following formulayNx+nxThe phase shift value at the i +1 th instant of each analog phase shifter is set,
wherein n isx＝0,1,……,Nx-1,ny＝0,1,……,Ny-1；
S50, in the digital beam forming submodule, for a given pxAnd pyM is represented by the following formulayMx+mxThe output signal of the signal conversion module along the polarization direction of the t axis is weighted to obtain
And generates a digital beam forming signal yt(i,px,py)，
S60, in the power calculation submodule, for a given pxAnd pyFiltering the total output power of the digital beam forming submodule by the following formula to obtain the filtered total power at the ith moment,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the noise power of the output signal of the signal conversion module is 0 < β < 1, and the noise power is a filter coefficient;
s70, in the power calculation submodule, for a given pxAnd pyJudging whether the number of the iterative sampling points meets the requirement or not;
s80, if not, updating the sampling point, and returning to S20;
s90, if yes, jumping out of the loop, recording the total power obtained in S60, and in the power calculation submodule, judging pxAnd pyWhether all the conditions are traversed;
s100, if not, updating pxAnd pyReturning to S20;
s110, if yes, a loop is skipped, and in the power calculation submodule, all total powers recorded in S90 are compared, and the corresponding maximum power is found according to the following formula
And
wherein, I is the required number of the iteration sampling points in S70, and can be set according to the precision requirement of angle estimation;
s120, in the power calculation submodule, the arrival angle is estimated and output according to the following formula,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively estimating the zenith angle and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave; dxAnd dyThe distances between adjacent sub-arrays along the x-axis and the y-axis are respectively; λ is the incoming wavelength.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: respectively carrying out correlation operation on signals of the mixed dual-polarized array in the polarization directions along the x axis and the y axis on the signals output by the adjacent signal conversion modules, and combining to obtain argument estimation; assuming a plurality of beam searching directions by using argument estimation, and sequentially setting all phase shifters and weighting coefficients of digital beam forming; calculating the output power of the beam forming signals in the directions of the x axis and the y axis, and respectively combining the output power and the output power to determine the beam corresponding to the maximum combining power as an alternative beam; the angle of arrival is estimated in the alternative beam direction. Due to the fact that the mixed dual-polarized array is used for outputting signal combination, the signal-to-noise ratio of received signals is improved, and the arrival angle estimation precision and the convergence speed performance are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an angle of arrival estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid dual-polarized antenna array of an apparatus for angle of arrival estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of steps of a method of estimating an angle of arrival according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of a relation between an arrival angle estimation mean square error MSE performance of the arrival angle estimation according to the embodiment of the present invention and the number of iterations;
fig. 5 is a graph of beamforming output power versus iteration number for angle-of-arrival estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents and alternatives which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Apparatus example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an arrival angle estimating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the arrival angle estimating apparatus includes a signal conversion module 11, a hybrid dual-polarized antenna array 12, and an arrival angle estimating module 13, where,
the signal conversion module 11 performs beam forming on the analog signal received by the hybrid dual-polarized antenna array 12 and converts the analog signal into a digital signal;
the arrival angle estimation module 13 processes signals of outputs of the multiple signal conversion modules 11, and estimates arrival angles of incoming waves, the arrival angle estimation module 13 includes a cross-correlation calculation submodule 131, a subarray phase control submodule 132, a digital beam forming submodule 133, and a power calculation submodule 134, and the cross-correlation calculation submodule 131 performs cross-correlation operation on output signals of all spatially adjacent signal conversion modules 11 in two orthogonal polarization directions, respectively; the subarray phase control submodule 132 feeds back the result output by the cross-correlation calculation submodule 131 to the control signal conversion module 11; the digital beam forming submodule 133 performs weighted beam forming on the signals output from the plurality of signal conversion modules 11 by using the result output from the cross-correlation calculation submodule 131; the power calculation sub-module 134 calculates the total power of the signals output by the digital beam forming sub-module 133, compares the signals to determine beams, and outputs the arrival angle estimation of the incoming waves.
In a specific embodiment, the hybrid dual-polarized antenna array 12 includes a plurality of dual-polarized sub-arrays 113, and the dual-polarized sub-array 133 includes a plurality of x-axis polarized arrays 112 and y-axis polarized arrays 111.
The signal conversion module 11 comprises a plurality of x-axis analog phase shifters 1142, y-axis analog phase shifters 1141, x-axis analog signal combiners 1152, y-axis analog signal combiners 1151 and a conversion sub-module 116, the number of the x-axis analog phase shifters 1142 is the same as that of the x-axis polarized arrays 112, and the phases of signals received by the x-axis polarized arrays 112 are adjusted; the number of the y-axis analog phase shifters 1151 is the same as that of the y-axis polarized arrays 111, and the phases of signals received by the y-axis polarized arrays 111 are adjusted; the x-axis analog signal combiner 1152 combines the analog signals output by the x-axis analog phase shifter 1142; the y-axis analog signal combiner 1151 combines the analog signals output by the y-axis analog phase shifter 1141; the conversion sub-module 116 converts the output signals of the x-axis analog signal combiner 1152 and the y-axis analog signal combiner 1151 to digital baseband, respectively.
Referring to fig. 2, in a specific embodiment of the hybrid dual-polarized antenna array 12, the hybrid dual-polarized antenna array is a planar array, and includes a plurality of dual-polarized sub-arrays 113, each dual-polarized sub-array includes a plurality of dual-polarized sub-arrays, each dual-polarized sub-array includes an x-axis polarized array 112 and a y-axis polarized array 111, the dual-polarized sub-arrays 113 are formed by the dual-polarized arrays having the same array outline 23 as shown in fig. 2, and the array outline 23 is not included in the dual-polarized arrays only for distinguishing different dual-polarized arrays.
In a specific embodiment, the hybrid dual-polarized antenna array 12 may also be a linear array.
Method embodiment
Referring to fig. 3, an arrival angle estimation method includes the steps of:
s10, initializing index pxAnd pyThe setting range is as follows:
wherein M isxMyNumber of dual polarized sub-arrays, MxAnd MyThe number of the subarrays along the x-axis and the y-axis directions respectively; n is a radical ofxNyFor the number of dual-polarized arrays in each dual-polarized array, NxAnd NyThe number of polarized arrays along the x-axis and y-axis, respectively [. ]]For rounding operation;
s20, in the cross-correlation calculation submodule, calculating the output cross-correlation of all adjacent signal conversion modules, summing the signals in two polarization directions, respectively filtering the subarray cross-correlation results along the x-axis and y-axis directions according to the following formula to obtain the cross-correlation R filtered at the ith momentxAnd Ry：
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,is m atyMx+mxThe signal conversion module is used for outputting signals in the polarization direction along the t axis; mu is more than 0 and less than 1, and the optimal filter coefficient is selected according to simulation;
s30, in the sub-array phase control sub-module, for a given pxAnd pyThe x-axis beam search direction and the y-axis beam search direction of the estimation candidates are obtained by the following equation,
s40, in the sub-array phase control sub-module, for a given pxAnd pyThe nth is represented by the following formulayNx+nxThe phase shift value at the i +1 th instant of each analog phase shifter is set,
wherein n isx＝0,1,……,Nx-1,ny＝0,1,……,Ny-1；
S50, in the digital beam forming submodule, for a given pxAnd pyM is represented by the following formulayMx+mxThe output signal of the signal conversion module along the polarization direction of the t axis is weighted to obtain
And generates a digital beam forming signal yt(i,px,py)，
S60, in the power calculation submodule, for a given pxAnd pyFiltering the total output power of the digital beam forming submodule by the following formula to obtain the filtered total power at the ith moment,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,the noise power of the output signal of the signal conversion module is 0 < β < 1, and the noise power is a filter coefficient;
s70, in the power calculation submodule, for a given pxAnd pyJudging whether the number of the iterative sampling points meets the requirement or not;
s80, if not, updating the sampling point, and returning to S20;
s90, if yes, jumping out of the loop, recording the total power obtained in S60, and in the power calculation submodule, judging pxAnd pyWhether all the conditions are traversed;
s100, if not, updating pxAnd pyReturning to S20;
s110, if yes, a loop is skipped, and in the power calculation submodule, all total powers recorded in S90 are compared, and the corresponding maximum power is found according to the following formulaAnd
wherein, I is the required number of the iteration sampling points in S70, and can be set according to the precision requirement of angle estimation;
s120, in the power calculation submodule, the arrival angle is estimated and output according to the following formula,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively estimating the zenith angle and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave; dxAnd dyThe distances between adjacent sub-arrays along the x-axis and the y-axis are respectively; λ is the incoming wavelength.
In order to evaluate the arrival angle estimation device and method, the Mean Square Error (MSE) performance and the total power of digital beam forming output are subjected to computer simulation, and the result is compared with the traditional mixed single-polarization array scheme. For comparison, M is usedx＝My＝2,Nx＝Ny＝4。
Fig. 4 is a computer simulation result of MSE performance versus iteration number for the solution provided by the present invention and the estimation of mean square error of the angle of arrival in the prior art. Curve 10 is the estimation MSE of the arrival angle of the technical solution of the present invention, curve 20 is the estimation MSE of the arrival angle using the polarization array in the x-axis direction in the prior art, and curve 30 is the estimation MSE of the arrival angle using the polarization array in the y-axis direction in the prior art. In order to obtain statistical performance, the simulation assumes that the angle of arrival and polarization parameters are uniformly distributed within a set range, and 10000 times of independent simulations are performed. As can be seen from fig. 4, the technical solution of the present invention performs coherent combination of signals in two polarization directions, so that the estimated MSE performance is significantly improved compared with the original solution.
Fig. 5 is a computer simulation result of total power output versus iteration number of digital beamforming in accordance with the present invention and the prior art. Curve 11 is the beamforming output power of the technical solution of the present invention, curve 22 is the beamforming output power of the prior art using the polarization array in the x-axis direction, and curve 33 is the beamforming output power of the prior art using the polarization array in the y-axis direction. It is assumed here that the incoming wave arrival angle information ux8.8858 and u y0, the polarized wave receives a power ratio of 0.5 on the array in the x-axis and y-axis polarization directions. As can be seen from fig. 5, the scheme of the present invention better suppresses noise interference and enhances the search capability for candidate beams compared with the prior art due to the power combination of two polarization direction signals.
The above proposed invention is applicable to high speed data communication such as satellite communication and radar sensing, and is particularly applicable to joint communication and sensing. The disclosed device is well suited for adaptive tracking estimation of millimeter-wave to terahertz-wave arrival angles.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival, comprising a signal conversion module, a hybrid dual-polarized antenna array, and an angle of arrival estimation module, wherein,
the signal conversion module forms beams of analog signals received by the hybrid dual-polarized antenna array and converts the beams into digital signals;
the arrival angle estimation module carries out signal processing on the output of the signal conversion modules and estimates the arrival angle of incoming waves, the arrival angle estimation module comprises a cross-correlation calculation submodule, a subarray phase control submodule, a digital beam forming submodule and a power calculation submodule, and the cross-correlation calculation submodule carries out cross-correlation operation on the output signals of all the signal conversion modules adjacent to each other in two orthogonal polarization directions; the subarray phase control submodule feeds back a result output by the cross-correlation calculation submodule to the control signal conversion module; the digital beam forming submodule carries out weighted beam forming on the signals output by the plurality of signal conversion modules according to the result output by the cross-correlation calculation submodule; and the power calculation sub-module calculates the total power of the output signals of the digital beam forming sub-module, compares the total power to determine beams and outputs the arrival angle estimation of the incoming waves.
2. The apparatus of angle of arrival estimation according to claim 1, wherein said hybrid dual-polarized antenna array comprises a number of dual-polarized sub-arrays, said dual-polarized sub-arrays comprising a number of x-axis polarized arrays and y-axis polarized arrays.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the signal conversion module comprises a plurality of x-axis analog phase shifters, y-axis analog phase shifters, x-axis analog signal combiners, y-axis analog signal combiners, and a conversion sub-module, the number of the x-axis analog phase shifters is the same as that of the x-axis polarized arrays, and the phase of the signals received by the x-axis polarized arrays is adjusted; the number of the y-axis analog phase shifters is the same as that of the y-axis polarized arrays, and the phase of signals received by the y-axis polarized arrays is adjusted; the x-axis analog signal combiner combines analog signals output by the x-axis analog phase shifter; the y-axis analog signal combiner combines analog signals output by the y-axis analog phase shifter; and the conversion sub-module converts the output signals of the x-axis analog signal combiner and the y-axis analog signal combiner to digital baseband respectively.
4. The apparatus of angle of arrival estimation according to claim 1, wherein said hybrid dual polarized antenna array is a planar array comprising a plurality of dual polarized sub-arrays, each dual polarized sub-array comprising a plurality of dual polarized arrays, each dual polarized array comprising an x-axis polarized array and a y-axis polarized array.
5. The apparatus of angle-of-arrival estimation according to claim 1, wherein said hybrid dual-polarized antenna array is a linear array.
6. An angle-of-arrival estimation method using the apparatus of one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s10, initializing index pxAnd pyThe setting range is as follows:
wherein M isxMyNumber of dual polarized sub-arrays, MxAnd MyThe number of the subarrays along the x-axis and the y-axis directions respectively; n is a radical ofxNyFor the number of dual-polarized arrays in each dual-polarized array, NxAnd NyThe number of polarized arrays along the x-axis and y-axis, respectively [. ]]For rounding operation;
s20, in the cross-correlation calculation submodule, calculating the output cross-correlation of all adjacent signal conversion modules, summing the signals in two polarization directions, respectively filtering the subarray cross-correlation results along the x-axis and y-axis directions according to the following formula to obtain the cross-correlation R filtered at the ith momentxAnd Ry：
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is m atyMx+mxThe signal conversion module is used for outputting signals in the polarization direction along the t axis; mu is more than 0 and less than 1, and the optimal filter coefficient is selected according to simulation;
s30, in the sub-array phase control sub-module, for a given pxAnd pyThe x-axis beam search direction and the y-axis beam search direction of the estimation candidates are obtained by the following equation,
s40, in the sub-array phase control sub-module, for a given pxAnd pyThe nth is represented by the following formulayNx+nxThe phase shift value at the i +1 th instant of each analog phase shifter is set,
wherein n isx＝0,1,……,Nx-1,ny＝0,1,……,Ny-1；
S50, in the digital beam forming submodule, for a given pxAnd pyM is represented by the following formulayMx+mxThe output signal of the signal conversion module along the polarization direction of the t axis is weighted to obtain
And generates a digital beam forming signal yt(i,px,py)，
S60, in the power calculation submodule, for a given pxAnd pyFiltering the total output power of the digital beam forming submodule by the following formula to obtain the filtered total power at the ith moment,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the noise power of the output signal of the signal conversion module is 0 < β < 1, and the noise power is a filter coefficient;
s70, in the power calculation submodule, for a given pxAnd pyJudging the sample points of iterationWhether the quantity meets the requirement or not;
s80, if not, updating the sampling point, and returning to S20;
s90, if yes, jumping out of the loop, recording the total power obtained in S60, and in the power calculation submodule, judging pxAnd pyWhether all the conditions are traversed;
s100, if not, updating pxAnd pyReturning to S20;
s110, if yes, a loop is skipped, and in the power calculation submodule, all total powers recorded in S90 are compared, and the corresponding maximum power is found according to the following formula
And
wherein, I is the required number of the iteration sampling points in S70, and can be set according to the precision requirement of angle estimation;
s120, in the power calculation submodule, the arrival angle is estimated and output according to the following formula,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,and
respectively estimating the zenith angle and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave; dxAnd dyThe distances between adjacent sub-arrays along the x-axis and the y-axis are respectively; λ is the incoming wavelength.
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| CN111983556A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-24 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Device and method for estimating angle of arrival |
| CN112731278A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Angle and polarization parameter underdetermined joint estimation method for partially polarized signal |
| CN112887040A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-01 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Polarization parameter estimation device and method |
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