CN115015399A - Method for evaluating real capacity of biochar in soil for adsorbing organic pollutants - Google Patents
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 25
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 21
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008621 organismal health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
- G01N30/06—Preparation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
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Abstract
The invention discloses an evaluation method of true capability of biochar to adsorb organic pollutants in soil, belonging to the field of soil pollution control, wherein the adsorption capability of biochar to organic pollutants is S1, the adsorption capability of soil to organic pollutants is S2, the theoretical adsorption capability of mixed components of biochar and soil to organic pollutants is S3, the mass fractions of biochar and soil in the mixed components are X, Y respectively, then S3 is X S1+ Y S2, the actual adsorption capacity of the mixed component to the organic pollutants is S4, S4 is K S3, K is 0.4-0.9, the method can accurately evaluate the real adsorption capacity of the biochar in the soil to the organic pollutants, and has certain reference significance for the field of soil organic matter pollution control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an assessment method for real capacity of biochar in soil for adsorbing organic pollutants, and belongs to the field of soil organic pollutant treatment.
Background
Rhodamine B is a typical organic dye, is easily soluble in water and ethanol, is red to violet, has strong fluorescence, is commonly used in the dyeing industry of paper, fireworks and crackers, textile and leather, has toxicity, has certain destructiveness to water and soil environments through the processes of migration and transformation in the environment, absorption and metabolism of organisms and the like, and has certain damage to the health of organisms. The biochar is a carbon-containing substance generated by pyrolyzing biomass at high temperature under the anoxic or anaerobic condition, has a large surface area and a developed pore structure, contains rich functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl and the like, has strong adsorption capacity, and can be used for adsorbing organic pollutants in the environment.
At present, the condition of organic pollution in soil is serious, biochar of different raw material types has a good adsorption effect on organic pollutants, adding biochar into soil to adsorb the organic pollutants is a feasible method, but the real adsorption effect of the biochar in the soil is influenced by various factors, the adsorption effect of the biochar to the organic pollutants cannot be equal to the adsorption effect of the biochar to the organic pollutants in the soil, and the real adsorption capacity of the biochar in the soil to the organic pollutants needs to be evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an assessment method for the real adsorption capacity of biochar in soil to organic pollutants, and the method can be used for better assessing the real adsorption capacity of biochar in soil to organic pollutants.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for evaluating the real capability of biochar in soil to adsorb organic pollutants comprises the following specific steps:
(1) collecting preferable natural soil, grinding after natural air drying, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and baking in an oven at 60 ℃ for more than 12 h;
(2) accurately weighing 200mg of organic pollutant solid and 200mg of sodium azide (sodium azide is used for eliminating the influence of microorganisms) by milligram scale, mixing, adding into a 1L brown volumetric flask, and carrying out constant volume by using ultrapure water to obtain an organic pollutant solution with the concentration of 200mg/L, respectively weighing 500mL and 250mL of organic pollutant solutions with the concentration of 200mg/L, and carrying out constant volume in the 1L brown volumetric flask to obtain organic pollutant solutions with the concentrations of 100mg/L and 50mg/L, wherein all volumetric flasks are wrapped by tinfoil paper for light-shielding treatment;
(3) accurately weighing 3 parts of X + Yg biochar by using a gram scale (the precision is 4 bits after decimal point), and adding the biochar into a 250mL conical flask; accurately weighing 3 parts of Xg biochar and Yg soil, adding the Xg biochar and the Yg soil into a 250mL conical flask, and mixing and shaking uniformly; accurately weighing 3 parts of X + Yg soil, and adding the soil into a conical flask; all the conical flasks are wrapped by tinfoil paper to be processed in a light-proof way;
(4) respectively weighing 200g of organic pollutant solutions with the concentrations of 50mg/L, 100mg/L and 200mg/L, adding the organic pollutant solutions into the conical flask obtained in the step (3), placing the conical flask into a shaking table, setting the shaking table to rotate at 140rpm and at 24 ℃, and carrying out an adsorption experiment;
(5) sampling at different time points 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 h; measuring the sample by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to obtain a result, and calculating the adsorption amount of the organic pollutants;
(6) the adsorption capacity of the biochar to organic pollutants is S1, the adsorption capacity of soil to the organic pollutants is S2, the theoretical adsorption capacity of a mixed component of the biochar and the soil to the organic pollutants is S3, then S3 ═ X S1+ Y ═ S2, X + Y ═ 1, X is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, Y is more than 0.2 and less than 1, the actual adsorption capacity of the mixed component to the organic pollutants is S4, S3 and S4 are compared, S4 ═ K ═ S3 and K ═ 0.4-0.9 can be obtained, when the pyrolysis temperature of the biochar is 350-700 ℃, the value of K is increased along with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature, and S4 is the actual capacity of the biochar in the soil for adsorbing the organic pollutants.
The organic pollutants comprise rhodamine B and the like.
The evaluation method can accurately evaluate the real adsorption capacity of the biochar in the soil to the organic pollutants, the actual adsorption capacity of the biochar and the soil mixed component is lower than the theoretical adsorption capacity, which shows that the adsorption capacity of the soil biochar is influenced by the soil environment, the adsorption capacity of the biochar to the organic pollutants is obviously reduced after the biochar is added into the soil, but compared with the mixed component of MBC-700 and the soil and the mixed component of MBC-350 and the soil, the mixed component of MBC-700 and the soil has higher adsorption quantity to the organic pollutants and better adsorption effect.
The advantages and the characteristics of the invention are as follows:
the biochar has a good adsorption effect on organic pollutants, and is an ideal method for adsorbing and fixing the organic pollutants when being applied to a soil environment, but the adsorption capacity of the biochar in the soil is influenced by various factors in the environment, and after the biochar is added into the soil, the adsorption capacity of the biochar cannot be equal to that of the biochar, and evaluation is needed. In the experiment, the actual adsorption capacity of the mixed components of the biochar and the soil is observed to be lower than the theoretical adsorption capacity of the mixed components of the biochar and the soil, and the adsorption capacity of the mixed components of the biochar and the soil to organic pollutants is gradually reduced along with the increase of time, which shows that the adsorption capacity of the biochar to the organic pollutants in the soil is influenced by soil environmental factors. The method provided by the invention can better evaluate the adsorption capacity of the biochar in the soil to organic pollutants, so as to guide the application of the biochar in soil pollution control, and has certain reference significance for the field of soil organic matter pollution control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of corn stalk charcoal;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the adsorption quantity of corn straw biochar, soil and mixed component actual and theoretical 50mg/L rhodamine B at 350 ℃;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the adsorption quantity of the actual and theoretical components of corn straw biochar, soil and mixed components at 700 ℃ to 50mg/L rhodamine B;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the adsorption quantity of the actual and theoretical components of 350 ℃ corn straw biochar, soil and mixed components to 100mg/L rhodamine B;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the adsorption quantity of actual and theoretical components of corn straw biochar, soil and mixed components at 700 ℃ to 100mg/L rhodamine B;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the adsorption quantity of practical and theoretical components of corn straw biochar, soil and mixed components at 350 ℃ to 200mg/L rhodamine B;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the adsorption quantity of practical and theoretical components of corn straw biochar, soil and mixed components at 700 ℃ to 200mg/L rhodamine B.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1
The preparation method of the MBC-350 biochar comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cleaning corn straws, drying the corn straws in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, and crushing the corn straws by using a crusher and sieving the corn straws with a 100-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing 50g of the corn straw powder in the step (1), placing the corn straw powder into a crucible, covering the crucible with a cover, placing the crucible into a muffle furnace, closing a valve, continuously introducing 150mL/min of nitrogen for 30min, discharging air in the muffle furnace, keeping the continuous introduction of 150mL/min of nitrogen in the pyrolysis process, heating to the target pyrolysis temperature of 350 ℃, carbonizing for 4h, closing the muffle furnace, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out;
(3) and (3) sieving the corn straw biochar prepared in the step (2) by a 100-mesh sieve, sealing and storing in a glass bottle to obtain a sample named as MBC-350.
Example 2
The preparation method of the MBC-700 biochar comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cleaning corn stalks, drying the corn stalks in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, crushing the corn stalks by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed corn stalks by using a 100-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing 50g of the corn straw powder in the step (1), placing the corn straw powder into a crucible, covering a cover, placing the crucible into a muffle furnace, closing a valve, continuously introducing 150mL/min of nitrogen for 30min, discharging air in the muffle furnace, keeping the continuous introduction of 150mL/min of nitrogen in the pyrolysis process, heating to the target pyrolysis temperature of 700 ℃, carbonizing for 4h, closing the muffle furnace, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out;
(3) and (3) sieving the corn straw biochar prepared in the step (2) through a 100-mesh sieve, sealing and storing in a glass bottle, and obtaining a sample named as MBC-700.
Table 1 below is a diagram of elemental analysis of MBC-350 and MBC-700.
TABLE 1
| C％ | O％ | H％ | N％ | H/C | O/C | O+N/C | |
| MBC-350 | 4.2054 | 1.2443 | 3.9035 | 0.0723 | 0.9282 | 0.2959 | 0.3131 |
| MBC-700 | 4.3841 | 0.6283 | 1.0668 | 0.0550 | 0.2433 | 0.1433 | 0.1559 |
FIG. 1 is MBC-350 and MBC700, from which it can be seen that the biochar surface has abundant functional groups at a wave number of 3430cm -1 is-OH and wave number is 2920cm -1 Being radicals of alkanes and aliphatic hydrocarbons-CH 2 The stretching vibration is generated, and the wave number is 1620cm -1 Stretching vibration of C ═ O bond for carboxyl group, wave number 1100cm -1 C-O stretching vibration at the ester group is generated.
Example 3
An evaluation method for the capability of biochar in soil to adsorb organic pollutants comprises the following specific steps:
(1) collecting local red soil, naturally drying, grinding, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, and oven drying at 60 deg.C for more than 12 hr;
(2) accurately weighing 200mg of organic pollutant solid rhodamine B and 200mg of sodium azide (the sodium azide is used for eliminating the influence of microorganisms) by milligram-scale weighing, mixing, adding into a 1L brown volumetric flask, carrying out constant volume by using ultrapure water to obtain a rhodamine B solution with the concentration of 200mg/L, respectively measuring 500mL of the rhodamine B solution with the concentration of 200mg/L and 250mL of the rhodamine B solution with the concentration of 200mg/L, carrying out constant volume in the 1L brown volumetric flask to obtain the rhodamine B solution with the concentration of 100mg/L and 50mg/L, and wrapping all volumetric flasks with tinfoil paper to carry out light-shielding treatment;
(3) accurately weighing 3 parts of 1g of corn straw biochar (required by both MBC-350 biochar and MBC-700 biochar) by using a gram scale (the precision is 4 positions after decimal point), and adding the 3 parts of corn straw biochar into a 250mL conical flask; accurately weighing 3 parts of 0.1g of biochar and 0.9g of red soil, adding the biochar and the red soil into a 250mL conical flask, and mixing and shaking uniformly; accurately weighing 3 parts of 1g of red soil, and adding the red soil into a conical flask; all the conical flasks are wrapped by tinfoil paper to be processed in a light-proof way;
(4) respectively weighing 200g of rhodamine B solution with the concentration of 50mg/L, 100mg/L and 200mg/L, adding the rhodamine B solution into the conical flask obtained in the step (3), putting the conical flask into a shaking table, setting the rotating speed to be 140rpm and the temperature to be 24 ℃ to carry out an adsorption experiment;
(5) sampling at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 h; measuring the sample by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to obtain a result, and calculating the adsorption amount of rhodamine B;
(6) the adsorption capacity of the corn stalk biochar to the rhodamine B is S1, the adsorption capacity of the red soil to the rhodamine B is S2, the theoretical adsorption capacity of the mixed component of the red soil and the biochar to the organic pollutants is S3, then S3 is 0.1S 1+ 0.9S 2, the actual adsorption capacity of the mixed component of the red soil and the corn stalk biochar to the organic pollutants is S4, and the graphs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are adsorption quantity graphs of the biochar, the red soil and the mixture to the rhodamine B, so that the actual adsorption quantity of the mixture of the biochar and the red soil to the rhodamine B is lower than the theoretical adsorption quantity, which shows that the adsorption capacity of the biochar to the rhodamine B is influenced by the soil environment, the adsorption capacity of the biochar to the organic pollutants is obviously reduced after the biochar is added into the soil, but the mixed component of the MBC-700 and the soil and the mixed component of the MBC-350 are compared with the mixed component of the soil, the mixed components of the MBC-700 and the soil have higher adsorption capacity and better adsorption effect on organic pollutants.
Comparing S3 with S4 according to data of examples and figures to obtain S4 ═ K ═ S3, S3 ═ 0.1 ═ S1+0.9 ═ S2, further, X represents the mass fraction of biochar in the mixed component of biochar and soil, Y represents the mass fraction of soil in the mixed component of biochar and soil, and X + Y is 1, then theoretical adsorption capacity S3 ═ X S1+ Y ═ S2, actual adsorption capacity S4 ═ K ═ S3, and it can be found from FIGS. 2-7 that when the temperature of biochar pyrolysis is 350 ℃ to 700 ℃, K is 0.4 to 0.9, and as the temperature of pyrolysis increases, K is also taken as the temperature of biochar is increased, when the temperature of biochar is 350 ℃, K is 0.4 to 0.5, preferably K is taken as the temperature of pyrolysis is 0.8 ℃ to 0.8 ℃; according to the doping proportion of the biochar in the soil, the doping amount of the biochar is generally not more than 20 percent of the total amount, X is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, and Y is more than 0.2 and less than 1.
Claims (2)
1. The method is characterized in that the adsorption capacity of the biochar on the organic pollutants is S1, the adsorption capacity of the soil on the organic pollutants is S2, the theoretical adsorption capacity of a mixed component of the biochar and the soil on the organic pollutants is S3, then S3 is X S1+ Y S2, X represents the mass fraction of the biochar in the mixed component of the biochar and the soil, Y represents the mass fraction of the soil in the mixed component of the biochar and the soil, X + Y is 1, the actual adsorption capacity of the mixed component on the organic pollutants is S4, S4K is S3, and K is 0.4-0.9.
2. The method for evaluating the real capability of the biochar in the soil for adsorbing the organic pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the values of X and Y are as follows: x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, and Y is more than 0.2 and less than 1.
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| CN107876010A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-04-06 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of curing agent for bisphenol-A contaminated soil and its preparation method and application |
| CN110813233A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-02-21 | 广东省微生物研究所（广东省微生物分析检测中心） | Method for adsorbing heavy metal ions in soil by coconut shell charcoal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107876010A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-04-06 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of curing agent for bisphenol-A contaminated soil and its preparation method and application |
| CN110813233A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-02-21 | 广东省微生物研究所（广东省微生物分析检测中心） | Method for adsorbing heavy metal ions in soil by coconut shell charcoal |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| YANING YANG等: "Bioavailability of diuron in soil containing wheat-straw-derived char", 《SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT》, vol. 354, pages 170 - 178 * |
| 周震峰等: "生物炭对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯在土壤中自然降解和吸附行为的影响", 《环境工程学报》, vol. 8, no. 10, pages 4474 - 4479 * |
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