CN110813233A - Method for adsorbing heavy metal ions in soil by coconut shell charcoal - Google Patents
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- CN110813233A CN110813233A CN201911067146.7A CN201911067146A CN110813233A CN 110813233 A CN110813233 A CN 110813233A CN 201911067146 A CN201911067146 A CN 201911067146A CN 110813233 A CN110813233 A CN 110813233A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/4825—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for adsorbing heavy metal ions in soil by coconut shell charcoal. The coconut shell charcoal is prepared by carbonizing the coconut shell; and then, mixing the coconut shell biochar in the soil uniformly to adsorb heavy metal ions. The addition of 5% by mass coconut shell charcoal in the soil can improve the adsorption rate of the soil to heavy metals by 11.6% -20.0%, and the adsorption of metal ions in the soil is irreversible, so that the soil has obvious hysteresis effect. The coconut shell charcoal applied to the soil can effectively restore heavy metal pollution in the soil, thereby reducing the harm of heavy metal ions to agricultural soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of analysis and detection, and particularly relates to a method for adsorbing heavy metal ions in soil by coconut shell biochar.
Background
The biomass charcoal is a highly aromatic refractory substance generated by carbonizing plant biomass through high-temperature pyrolysis under the condition of complete oxygen deficiency, widely exists in natural environment, has a multi-stage pore structure, a huge specific surface area, a large pore volume, high thermal stability and CEC, can change the physicochemical properties of soil by applying the biomass charcoal in the soil, and greatly improves the water retention capacity, the fertilizer retention capacity and the soil aggregate stability of the soil; meanwhile, the carbon can be solidified, the emission is reduced, and the agricultural waste resources are utilized. In recent years, due to the huge advantages and potentials of the biomass charcoal in the aspects of slowing down climate change, improving soil quality and repairing environmental pollution, the biomass charcoal can effectively promote free heavy metal ions to be solidified into soil and reduce the heavy metal ions from entering crops, so that the pollution of the heavy metal ions to the crops and human bodies is reduced. The application of biomass charcoal in alleviating and controlling organic pollution and heavy metal pollution in soil becomes a current research hotspot, and reports about adsorption of lead, cadmium, arsenic and the like in soil by the biomass charcoal are already provided. However, at present, there is no report on the heavy metal adsorption effect of charcoal fired by using tropical and subtropical agricultural waste resources as precursor materials on agricultural soil in the Guangdong.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide coconut shell biochar and a method for adsorbing heavy metal ions in soil by using the coconut shell biochar, aiming at solving the problem that in the prior art, biochar fired by coconut shell precursor materials which are tropical and subtropical agricultural waste resources is not utilized nearby to repair and treat heavy metal pollution of Guangdong agricultural soil.
The invention provides coconut shell biochar which is characterized by being prepared by the following method:
air drying coconut shell, pulverizing, controlling particle size below 3mm, filling into a ceramic crucible, covering, sealing, firing in a muffle furnace, heating to 200 deg.C at a heating rate of 10 deg.C/min, and pre-carbonizing at constant temperature for 2 hr; then heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min for pyrolysis and carbonization for 3h, cooling, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coconut shell biochar.
The invention also provides a method for adsorbing heavy metal ions in soil by using coconut shell biochar, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) uniformly mixing the coconut shell biochar in soil to adsorb heavy metal ions.
Preferably, the coconut shell biochar is prepared from 1-20 parts by mass of: 80-99 parts of soil, and mixing the coconut shell biochar in the soil.
More preferably, the weight ratio of 5 parts of coconut shell biochar: and (4) mixing coconut shell biochar in the soil according to the proportion of 95 parts of soil.
Preferably, the heavy metal ion is Cd2+、Co2+And/or Cu2+。
The coconut shell biochar and Guangdong soil are used for removing Cd in solution2+、Co2+And/or Cu2+The method has good removal rate, the highest removal rate is over 75 percent, and the removal rate is superior to the removal rate of heavy metal ions by using the biochar reported in the past, which shows that the coconut shell biochar can effectively repair the heavy metal pollution of the soil, and has good application prospect in removing the heavy metal ions in the wastewater by combining with Guangdong soil.
According to the invention, tropical fruit waste resource coconut shells are used as precursor materials to be fired into the charcoal, and the charcoal has a large specific surface area and strong adsorption performance through tests, and has a good application prospect in the aspect of soil remediation. The coconut shell charcoal is applied to subtropical agricultural soil, namely Guangdong typical rice soil, and the coconut shell charcoal adsorption rate is influenced by the passivation and repair capacity of the coconut shell charcoal on effective heavy metals in the soil, temperature, pH value, charcoal addition amount and other factors.
The invention establishes an optimal method for removing the heavy metal ions in the Guangdong soil by using the coconut shell charcoal through method optimization. The invention provides a reliable and efficient method for adsorbing and removing heavy metal ions in soil by coconut shell charcoal, thereby reducing pollution of the heavy metal ions to agricultural soil and promoting development of healthy agriculture and green agriculture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface appearance and energy spectrum diagram of coconut shell biochar: A) before heavy metal ions are adsorbed; B) adsorbing heavy metal ions;
FIG. 2 is an equilibrium diagram of the adsorption of several heavy metal ions with and without coconut shell biochar: A) no biochar is added; B) adding biochar;
FIG. 3 is an adsorption and desorption isotherm diagram of several heavy metal ions under the condition of adding coconut shell biochar: A) an adsorption isotherm diagram; B) a desorption isotherm diagram;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the adsorption rate of heavy metal ions at different temperatures, pH values and coconut shell biochar additions: A) different temperatures; B) different coconut shell biochar addition amounts.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1: influence of coconut shell charcoal on adsorption of heavy metal ions on Guangdong soil
Preparation of coconut shell biochar, Guangdong soil and heavy metal ion solution
The coconut shell is produced in Hainan province, the coconut shell is dried in the air and then crushed, the grain size is controlled to be below 3mm, the coconut shell is filled into a ceramic crucible, the crucible is covered and sealed, then the coconut shell is burnt in a muffle furnace, the temperature is increased to 200 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours to realize pre-carbonization. Then heating to 600 ℃ at the same heating rate for pyrolysis and carbonization for 3h, grinding after cooling and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve (the particle size is less than 0.15mm), testing the specific surface area, the surface morphology and the element composition of the coconut shell biochar, and sealing and storing at room temperature for later use.
Stock solution S-1: 0.01g of cadmium chloride half (pentahydrate), 0.01g of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 0.1g of copper chloride dihydrate are weighed into a 50mL volumetric flask, dissolved by 0.01mol/LCaCl2 solution and fixed to the scale to prepare stock solution S-1.
Stock solution S-2: 0.2g of cadmium chloride half (pentahydrate), 0.2g of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 2g of copper chloride dihydrate were weighed into a 100mL volumetric flask with 0.01mol/LCaCl2The solution is dissolved and the volume is fixed to a scale, and stock solution S-2 is prepared. Respectively transferring 2.5mL, 5.0mL, 10.0mL, 15.0mL and 20.0mL of stock solution S-2 into a 50mL volumetric flask with 0.01mol/L CaCl2The solution is fixed to a certain volume and is prepared into stock solutions S-2-1, S-2-2, S-2-3, S-2-4 and S-2-5 in sequence for adsorption and desorption isotherm tests.
Under the above carbonization conditions, as shown in fig. 1A, the surface morphology of the coconut shell biochar is mainly fine granular and flaky structures, and presents a plurality of irregular pores formed by stacking amorphous structures with different sizes, and the main constituent element is a biomass matrix element. The surface morphology of the biochar after heavy metal adsorption is shown in fig. 1B, and the main elements are elements forming the biomass matrix, Ca and Cl elements in the test solution and Cu elements added in the test process; the addition concentrations of the Co element and the Cd element are relatively low and are lower than the detection limit of an energy spectrometer without detection.
The isothermal line of the coconut shell biochar for nitrogen adsorption is a typical mesoporous material adsorption isothermal line, the adsorption linear equation of a BET test is that y is 26.61x-0.2796, and the specific surface area is 132.264m2/g。
Secondly, the influence of the added coconut shell biochar on the adsorption of heavy metal ions to Guangdong soil
The soil in Guangdong province was collected from the rice soil of the test field of agriculture university in south China.
1.00g of soil was weighed into a 50mL plastic centrifuge tube and 22.5mL of 0.01mol/LCaCl was added2Continuously oscillating the solution (the water-soil ratio is determined to be 1g soil: 25mL water by a pre-experiment) at 165r/min and 25 +/-1 ℃ for about 16h to carry out water-soil balance, and adding 2.5mL heavy metal stock solution S-1 to serve as a test group without adding biochar; after 0.95g of soil was weighed in a 50mL plastic centrifuge tube for water and soil balance, 2.5mL of heavy metal stock solution S-1 and 0.05g of coconut charcoal were added as a biochar test group. And simultaneously performing a soil-free blank control and a soil blank control, continuously oscillating the centrifuge tube at 165r/min and 25 +/-1 ℃, taking out soil suspension liquid for 2h, 16h, 25h, 41h and 48h respectively, centrifuging for 5min at 8000r/min, separating supernatant, sampling and measuring the concentration of the supernatant, and simultaneously analyzing the actual concentration of the tested substances in the blank control group and the soil-free control group.
The adsorption characteristics of several heavy metal ions are shown in figure 2A under the condition of not adding coconut shell biochar; the adsorption characteristics of several heavy metal ions are shown in figure 2B under the condition that 5 percent of biochar is added into soil, and the coconut shell biochar and Guangdong soil are used for removing Cd in solution2+、Co2+And/or Cu2+The method has better removal rate, and the highest removal rate exceeds 75 percent; when adsorption is balanced after 25h, Cd can be adsorbed by adding charcoal into soil2+The adsorption rate of (2) is improved by 17.9%, and the adsorption rate to Co is improved2+The adsorption rate of (2) is improved by 11.6%, and the adsorption rate of (2) to Cu is improved2+The adsorption rate of the composite material is improved by 20 percent, and the main reason is that the chemical property of the soil can be changed by adding the biochar into the soil, the CEC of the soil is improved, the huge specific surface area of the biochar and the improved soil property thereof can enhance the adsorption, element conversion and ion exchange of the composite material.
Under the condition of 5 percent of biochar addition amount, the adsorption strength of several heavy metal ions in soil is 1/n<1, belonging to an L-shaped adsorption isotherm, wherein the nonlinearity of the adsorption isotherm is stronger than that of a relatively straight desorption isotherm, and the two isotherms have obvious difference, which indicates that the desorption process is not a reversible process of adsorption, the desorption process has obvious hysteresis effect, and Cd is calculated according to a hysteresis coefficient HI formula2+，Co2+And Cu2+The desorption hysteresis coefficients in soil are respectively: 33.838, 1.347 and 0.972. The hysteresis phenomenon has obvious difference, the hysteresis quality influences the mobility and the bioavailability of metal ions in soil, and the weaker the hysteresis quality is, the easier the ions are desorbed and released in a solid phase medium. The three metal ions are easily desorbed in soil: cu2+〉Co2+〉Cd2+. This desorption lag can lead to transient accumulation of metal ions in the soil, reducing diffusion of heavy metal contamination, but also presents potential ecological risks. The adsorption and desorption isotherms of the soil for several heavy metal ions of different concentrations are shown in fig. 3.
Example 2: influence of different temperatures, pH values and biochar addition amounts on heavy metal ion adsorption of soil
Different metal ions have different pH precipitation values, Cd2+，Co2+And Cu2+The precipitation pH at 20 ℃ is 11, 9 and 5.5, respectively, i.e. Cd2+>Co2+>Cu2+Setting test solutions (3-9) with different pH values, Co2+And Cu2+Has an adsorption rate around its pH valueGreatly increased, Co2+The adsorption rate of (2) is improved by 11.0% compared with the adsorption rate of pH 3, and Cu is added2+The adsorption rate of the catalyst is improved by 13.5 percent compared with the adsorption rate of pH 3, and Cd2+The adsorption rate of the precipitate is gradually increased with the increase of the pH value because a part of the metal ions form hydroxide precipitates and the concentration of the metal ions in the solution becomes lower, which indicates that the adsorption rate is different.
When the adsorption balance is achieved under different temperature conditions, the adsorption rates of several heavy metal ions in the soil change as shown in fig. 4A, and in the test temperature range, the adsorption rates of several metal ions all show a rising trend along with the temperature rise and have good linearity. The results show that the adsorption process of several metal ions in the biochar soil is an endothermic reaction, and the adsorption rate of the biochar on the metal ions can be improved by raising the temperature. The influence of temperature factors on several heavy metals is from large to small: cu > Cd > Co.
The pH values of the test solutions obtained by testing under the conditions of 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of biochar addition amount are respectively 4.74, 4.85, 5.01, 5.23, 5.33 and 5.52, and the biochar addition in soil can improve the pH value of the soil solution, and is particularly obvious in acid soil, so that the current heavy metal pollution situation in the acid soil is improved. When the adsorption balance is reached, the adsorption rates of several heavy metal ions in the soil change as shown in fig. 4B, and the adsorption rates of several heavy metal ions are increased along with the increase of the addition amount of the biochar, and the biochar has good linearity. The influence of the carbon adding amount on the adsorption rates of several heavy metals is as follows: cd > Cu > Co.
The results show that: the adsorption balance time of several heavy metals in the soil is 25h, the desorption balance time is 30h, the adsorption rate of the soil to the heavy metals can be improved by 11.6-20.0% by adding the coconut shell biochar with the mass concentration of 5%, and the Cd content2+、Co2+、Cu2 +The adsorption of metal ions in the soil added with coconut shell biochar is irreversible adsorption, and has obvious hysteresis effect, Cd2+，Co2+And Cu2+The desorption hysteresis coefficients of (A) are respectively: 33.838, 1.347 and 0.972. Under the conditions of the test, the temperature of the sample,the pH value of the soil solution increases along with the increase of the carbon content, the influence of the temperature and the carbon content on the adsorption rate has a good linear relation, R>0.9508. The application of the coconut shell biochar in the soil can effectively restore the heavy metal pollution in the soil.
Claims (5)
1. The coconut shell biochar is characterized by being prepared by the following method:
air drying coconut shell, pulverizing, controlling particle size below 3mm, filling into a ceramic crucible, covering, sealing, firing in a muffle furnace, heating to 200 deg.C at a heating rate of 10 deg.C/min, and pre-carbonizing at constant temperature for 2 hr; then heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min for pyrolysis and carbonization for 3h, cooling, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coconut shell biochar.
2. A method for adsorbing heavy metal ions in soil by coconut shell biochar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the coconut shell biochar of claim 1 is mixed evenly in soil to adsorb heavy metal ions.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the coconut shell biochar is prepared by mixing 1-20 parts by mass of coconut shell biochar: 80-99 parts of soil, and mixing the coconut shell biochar in the soil.
4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the biomass charcoal is coconut shell biochar in a mass ratio of 5 parts: and (4) mixing coconut shell biochar in the soil according to the proportion of 95 parts of soil.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the heavy metal ion is Cd2+、Co2+And/or Cu2+。
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| CN111607400A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-01 | 中南林业科技大学 | Silicon-rich soil conditioner for treating cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil, and preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN111921499A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-11-13 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Ball-milling modified composite biochar and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112156751A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2021-01-01 | 湖南农业大学 | Preparation method of magnetic biochar for purifying cadmium-containing wastewater |
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| CN113634227A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-12 | 江西农业大学 | Method for preparing biochar from Nanfeng tangerine branches and application of biochar |
| CN115015399A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-09-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for evaluating real capacity of biochar in soil for adsorbing organic pollutants |
| CN115805230A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-03-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for restoring high-molybdenum-polluted soil by combining plant, microbial inoculum and biochar |
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