CN115015224B - Grading evaluation method for determining water body environment risk by using heavy metals contained in fly ash - Google Patents
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000120 microwave digestion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 HF=3:1:1 Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/152—Water filtration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grading evaluation method for determining the environmental risk of a water body by utilizing heavy metals contained in fly ash, which is implemented by using three basic indexes, namely the concentration C of the heavy metals in the water body to be evaluated mi Leaching concentration C of heavy metals in fly ash in pure water m0 Heavy metal concentration C of fly ash after reaction in water to be evaluated m And carrying out normalization treatment and analysis to provide an environmental risk grading evaluation method for the fly ash heavy metals in the water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental risk evaluation, and particularly relates to a grading evaluation method for determining the environmental risk of a water body by using heavy metals contained in fly ash.
Background
According to the national household garbage cleaning and transportation amount of 23511.7 ten thousand tons in China, the harmless treatment amount by an incineration method is 14607.6 ten thousand tons, and the cleaning and transportation amount is 62.1 percent. The household garbage incineration method has been rapidly popularized in recent years due to the advantages of high garbage volume and weight reduction ratio, high harmless degree, recoverable heat, small occupied area and the like, and particularly in large and medium cities, the household garbage incineration ratio is continuously improved. Fly ash generated by incineration is generally 3-5% of the mass of the household garbage, and the generation amount of the household garbage incineration fly ash is increased year by year under the background that the generation amount of the household garbage and the incineration proportion of the household garbage are continuously increased.
At present, the resource utilization of the household garbage incineration fly ash has been studied and applied to a certain extent, but the resource utilization of the household garbage incineration fly ash is limited due to the fact that the household garbage incineration fly ash contains various heavy metals and high-content soluble salts. Therefore, in the future, the landfill of the stable harmful substances is still the main disposal way of the incineration fly ash of the household garbage. After the treatment, the household garbage incineration fly ash can enter a dangerous waste landfill site or a household garbage landfill site according to different standards reached by the household garbage incineration fly ash. In the long-term landfill process, fly ash may be in contact with percolate of a landfill site or other surrounding water environments, but the current leaching evaluation method for the fly ash is mainly leaching under several common standard solutions, and lacks guidance evaluation methods for leaching in the practically possible water environment.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the lack of a guiding leaching evaluation method for measuring heavy metals contained in fly ash in a practically possible water environment at present, the invention provides a grading evaluation method for measuring water environment risks by utilizing the heavy metals contained in fly ash.
2. Technical proposal
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
[1] a method for evaluating the environmental risk of water body by measuring the heavy metals contained in fly ash includes
Comprises the following steps of
1) Analyzing the fly ash, wherein the analysis comprises the total heavy metal content of the fly ash and the leaching toxicity of the heavy metal of the fly ash, and selecting an evaluation index, wherein the evaluation index is the heavy metal type to be evaluated;
2) Measuring background concentration C of heavy metal contained in water body to be evaluated mi ；
Determination of the concentration C of heavy metals in the liquid phase after the reaction of fly ash in pure water m0 ；
Measuring concentration C of heavy metal in liquid phase after reaction of fly ash in water to be evaluated m ；
3) Calculation of migration conversion factor MT of heavy metals in fly ash m
wherein ,Cm The concentration of heavy metals in the liquid phase after the reaction of the fly ash in the water body to be evaluated;
C mi in order to evaluate the background concentration of heavy metals in the water body,
C m0 the concentration of heavy metals in the liquid phase after the reaction of the fly ash in the pure water;
4) Respectively calculating the comparison points DZ1 m Control spot DZ2 m Control DZ3 m Values of (2)
5) And classifying migration and conversion factors of heavy metals in the fly ash according to the comparison points, and classifying and evaluating the risks of the heavy metals in the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in the water environment.
It should be noted that steps 1) and 2) do not need to be purposely distinguished from each other.
[2] Further, the copper element content is 0-100 mg/L;
the total heavy metal content in the fly ash is analyzed by adopting a microwave digestion method to treat the fly ash, wherein an acid-containing system is used for treatment, and the acid-containing system has HNO with a volume ratio of 3:1 (0.3-1.2) 3 HCl: HF; HNO with a 3:1:1 volume ratio is preferred 3 :HCl:HF；
[3] Further, the heavy metal leaching toxicity is analyzed according to GB 5085.3-2007 hazardous waste identification Standard leaching toxicity identification.
[4] Further, the method for measuring the background concentration of the heavy metal in the water body to be evaluated comprises the following steps:
standing a water body sample to be evaluated for 12-18 h, taking supernatant, and detecting the concentration of heavy metals in the supernatant by adopting a microwave digestion method, wherein an acid-containing system is used for treatment, and the acid-containing system has HNO with a volume ratio of 3:1 (0.3-1.2) 3 HCl: HF; HNO with a 3:1:1 volume ratio is preferred 3 :HCl:HF。
[5] Further, if the water body to be evaluated contains organic components, the microwave digestion method is provided with an acid-expelling stage after treatment, and perchloric acid is required to be added in the acid-expelling stage.
[6] Further, the reaction condition of the fly ash in the pure water is that the solid-liquid ratio is 1g to 18-22 mL, the temperature is 25+/-2 ℃, the rotating speed is 120-200 r/min, and the time is 18+/-2 h;
preferably, the reaction condition of the fly ash in pure water is that the solid-liquid ratio is 1g to 20mL, the temperature is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 120r/min, and the time is 18+/-2 h.
[7] Further, the reaction condition of the fly ash in the water body to be evaluated is that the solid-liquid ratio is 1g to (18-22) mL, the temperature is 25+/-2 ℃, the rotating speed is 120-200 r/min, and the time is 18+/-2 h;
preferably, the reaction condition of the fly ash in the water body to be evaluated is that the solid-liquid ratio is 1g to 20mL, the temperature is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 120r/min, and the time is 18+/-2 h.
[8]Further, the classifying the migration and conversion factors of the heavy metals in the fly ash according to the comparison point specifically means that the migration and conversion factors MT are classified according to the comparison point m Divided into three classes:
the first-level is as follows: MT (Mobile telephone) m ＞DZ1 m ；
The second level satisfies: DZ2 m ＜MT m ≤DZ1 m Alternatively, DZ3 m ＜MT m ≤DZ1 m ；
The three stages are as follows: MT (Mobile telephone) m ≤DZ2 m At the same time, MT m ≤DZ3 m 。
[9] Further, the three levels of risk are ranked as first level > second level > third level.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the grading evaluation method for determining the environmental risk of the water body by utilizing the heavy metals contained in the fly ash provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
by using three basic indexes, namely the concentration C of heavy metal in the water body to be evaluated mi Leaching concentration C of heavy metals in fly ash in pure water m0 Heavy metal concentration C of fly ash after reaction in water to be evaluated m And carrying out normalization treatment and analysis to provide an environmental risk grading evaluation method for the fly ash heavy metals in the water body.
The method has the advantages of rapidness, high efficiency, intuitiveness, simple operation, low cost and the like, and provides a reference for evaluating the environmental risk of the fly ash generated by the incineration of the living garbage in the actual water body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows grading evaluation of heavy metal risks of the fly ash of the incineration of the household garbage in the embodiment of the invention;
in the figure:
MSW represents household garbage landfill leachate;
HM represents hazardous landfill leachate.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the reagents, methods and apparatus employed in the present invention are those conventional in the art;
the essential features and significant effects of the invention can be seen from the following examples, which are described as some, but not all, of which, therefore, are not limiting of the invention, and some of the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs; the term and/or any and all combinations including one or more of the associated listed items.
As used herein, the "background concentration" refers to the concentration of a substance in a body of water after it has been substantially uniformly mixed.
The invention provides an environmental risk grading evaluation method of household garbage incineration fly ash heavy metal in a water body, which comprises the following steps:
step one, analyzing heavy metals in the household garbage incineration fly ash, and selecting heavy metal types to be evaluated
The fly ash is treated by microwave digestion, wherein the acid system is anti-aqua regia (also called Lefute aqua regia) plus hydrofluoric acid, and the volume ratio of acid is HNO 3 HCl: HF=3:1:1, and the sample is tested by ICP-OES, so as to calculate the total amount of heavy metals in the fly ash of the incineration of the household garbage. The leaching toxicity of heavy metals in fly ash is analyzed according to GB 5085.3-2007 hazardous waste identification Standard leaching toxicity identification. And selecting the heavy metal type to be evaluated according to the analysis and test result.
Step two, measuring the background concentration of heavy metal in the water body to be evaluated, wherein the concentration of heavy metal in the liquid phase after the reaction of the fly ash in the pure water, and the concentration of heavy metal in the liquid phase after the reaction of the fly ash in the water body to be evaluated
The method for measuring the background concentration of the heavy metal in the water body to be evaluated comprises the steps of standing a water body sample to be evaluated for 12 hours, taking supernatant to digest and measure the concentration of the heavy metal in the water body sample to be evaluated, wherein an acid system is aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid, and the volume ratio of the acid is HNO 3 HCl, HF=3:1:1, and perchloric acid is added in the acid expelling stage after digestion if organic components are contained in the water body to be evaluated. The determination conditions of the concentration of the heavy metals in the pure water and the water body to be evaluated are that the solid-liquid ratio is 1g to 20mL, the temperature is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 120r/min, and the time is 18+/-2 h.
Step three, calculating migration conversion factor MT of heavy metals in fly ash m
wherein ,Cm C is the concentration of heavy metal in liquid phase after the reaction of the fly ash in the water body to be evaluated mi To evaluate the background concentration of heavy metals in the water body, C m0 The concentration of heavy metals in the liquid phase after the reaction of the fly ash in the pure water;
step four, respectively calculating the comparison points DZ1 m Control spot DZ2 m Control DZ3 m Values of (2)
Classifying migration and conversion factors of heavy metals in fly ash according to the comparison points, wherein the migration and conversion factors are respectively one-stage MT m >DZ1 m Second order DZ2 m <MT m ≤DZ1 m or DZ3m <MT m ≤DZ1 m Three-stage MT m ≤DZ2 m At the same time DZ3 m ≤DZ2 m The risk sizes of the three levels are ranked as one level>Second-level>And (3) three stages.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
examples
The household garbage incineration fly ash is taken from a flue gas purification system of a household garbage incineration power plant in Nanjing.
1) Heavy metal content and leaching toxicity analysis in the household garbage incineration fly ash:
0.5g of fly ash is taken to be put into a modified polytetrafluoroethylene inner tank matched with a microwave digestion instrument, and 6mL of nitric acid, 2mL of hydrochloric acid and 2mL of hydrofluoric acid are added for digestion. After digestion, the volume is fixed to 50mL, the heavy metal concentration in the fly ash is measured by ICP-OES after the filter head with the thickness of 0.45 mu m is used for filtering, and the contents of several main heavy metals in the fly ash are calculated and obtained as shown in Table 1.
The fly ash leaching solution is prepared according to HJ/T299 sulfuric acid method for leaching toxicity of solid waste, namely 10g of fly ash is taken and put into 100mL of leaching agent (the mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid with the mass ratio of 2:1 is added into reagent water, the pH is 3.20+/-0.05), the mixture is oscillated for 18+/-2 hours at 25+/-2 ℃, the supernatant is filtered by a filter head of 0.45 mu m, the concentration of heavy metal in the filtered supernatant is measured by ICP-OES, and the heavy metal leaching toxicity is analyzed according to the standard in GB 5085.3-2007 hazardous waste identification standard leaching toxicity identification, and the result is shown in Table 1.
Three groups of test samples were taken as replicates and one group of blanks was taken.
And (5) comprehensively analyzing the heavy metal content and the heavy metal leaching toxicity in the fly ash, and selecting Pb, cr, cu, as as a subsequent risk evaluation index.
TABLE 1 heavy metal content and heavy metal leaching toxicity in household garbage incineration fly ash
2) And (3) analyzing the background concentration of heavy metals in the water to be evaluated:
considering that the final disposal of the fly ash of the incineration of the household garbage may enter a household garbage landfill or a hazardous waste landfill, and the fly ash may be exposed to the two actual environments in the future, the embodiment selects the percolate of the household garbage landfill and the percolate of the hazardous waste landfill as investigation targets, and analyzes the potential risks of heavy metals in the fly ash in the two water environments. Wherein the domestic garbage landfill leachate (MSW) is taken from a domestic garbage landfill of Nanjing, and the hazardous waste landfill leachate (HM) is taken from a hazardous waste landfill of Yangzhou. The concentration of Pb, cr, cu, as in the two percolates is determined by standing the percolate sample for 12 hours, taking 1mL of supernatant for digestion, adding 2mL of perchloric acid in the acid-removing stage by the same method as the fly ash, and finally determining the concentration of heavy metals in the percolate sample by ICP-OES, wherein the results are shown in Table 2. Three groups of experimental samples are taken as parallel samples.
3) Concentration of heavy metals in liquid phase after reaction of fly ash in pure water and water to be evaluated
10g of fly ash was put into 200mL of pure water or percolate at 25℃and a rotation speed of 120r/min, and the supernatant was taken out and filtered through a 0.45 μm filter head, and the concentration of Pb, cr, cu, as was measured by ICP-OES, and the results are shown in Table 2. Three groups of experimental samples are taken as parallel samples.
TABLE 2 concentration of heavy metals in percolate and concentration of fly ash after reaction in pure water and percolate/(mg/L)
3) Calculation of migration conversion factor MT of heavy metals in fly ash m Control DZ1 m 、DZ2 m 、DZ3 m Is the value of (1):
calculating migration conversion factor MT of heavy metals in fly ash according to formula (1) m Calculating a comparison point DZ1 according to the formula (2), the formula (3) and the formula (4) m Control spot DZ2 m Control DZ3 m Is a value of (2);
the calculation results are shown in Table 3.
wherein ,Cm Is liquid phase of fly ash after reaction in water to be evaluatedConcentration of heavy metals, C mi To evaluate the background concentration of heavy metals in the water body, C m0 Is the concentration of heavy metals in the liquid phase after the fly ash is reacted in pure water.
TABLE 3 migration transforming factor of heavy metals and control points
5) Classifying migration conversion factors of heavy metals in fly ash:
classifying migration and conversion factors of heavy metals in fly ash according to comparison points, as shown in figure 1, respectively one-stage MT m >DZ1 m Second order DZ2 m ORDZ3 m <MT m ≤DZ1 m Three-stage MT m ≤DZ2 m ANDDZ3 m The risk sizes of the three levels are ranked as one level>Second-level>And (3) three stages.
As can be seen intuitively from fig. 1, the risk level of Cu in both the landfill leachate (Cu-MSW) and the hazardous waste landfill leachate (Cu-HM) is first order, which indicates that the potential risk of Cu in the fly ash is high in both water environments, and solidification and stabilization of Cu are concerned in the treatment process of the fly ash. The risk level of Pb and As in the two water environments is approximately two-level, and the Pb and As needs to be treated according to actual conditions. The risk level of Cr in the two water environments belongs to three levels, and the potential environmental risk is small.
Claims (6)
1. A grading evaluation method for determining the environmental risk of water body by using heavy metals contained in fly ash is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Analyzing the fly ash, wherein the analysis comprises the total heavy metal content of the fly ash and the leaching toxicity of the heavy metal of the fly ash, and selecting an evaluation index, wherein the evaluation index is the heavy metal type to be evaluated;
the total heavy metal content in the fly ash is analyzed by adopting a microwave digestion method to treat the fly ash, wherein an acid-containing system is used for the treatment, and the acid-containing body is used for the treatmentHas a volume ratio of HNO of 3:1 (0.3 to 1.2) 3 :HCl:HF；
2) Measuring background concentration of heavy metal contained in water body to be evaluated
；
The method for measuring the background concentration of the heavy metal in the water body to be evaluated comprises the following steps:
standing a water body sample to be evaluated for 12-18 h, taking supernatant, and detecting the concentration of heavy metals in the supernatant by adopting a microwave digestion method, wherein an acid-containing system is used for treatment, and the acid-containing system has HNO with a volume ratio of 3:1 (0.3-1.2) 3 :HCl:HF；
Determination of the concentration of heavy metals in the liquid phase after the reaction of fly ash in pure water
；
Measuring concentration of heavy metal in liquid phase after reaction of fly ash in water to be evaluated
；
3) Calculating migration conversion factor of heavy metal in fly ash
wherein ,
the concentration of heavy metals in the liquid phase after the reaction of the fly ash in the water body to be evaluated;
4) Respectively calculating comparison points
Control Point->
Control Point->
Values of (2)
5) Classifying migration and conversion factors of heavy metals in the fly ash according to the comparison points, and classifying and evaluating the risks of the heavy metals in the incineration fly ash of the household garbage in the water body environment; wherein,
the grading of the migration and conversion factors of the heavy metals in the fly ash according to the comparison points specifically means that the migration and conversion factors are obtained according to the comparison points
Divided into three classes:
2. the method for evaluating the environmental risk classification of water by utilizing heavy metals contained in fly ash according to claim 1, which is characterized in that,
the heavy metal leaching toxicity is analyzed according to GB 5085.3-2007 hazardous waste identification Standard leaching toxicity identification.
3. The method for evaluating the environmental risk classification of water by utilizing heavy metals contained in fly ash according to claim 1, which is characterized in that,
if the water body to be evaluated contains organic components, the microwave digestion method is provided with an acid removing stage after treatment, and perchloric acid is required to be added in the acid removing stage.
4. The method for evaluating the environmental risk classification of water by utilizing heavy metals contained in fly ash according to claim 1, which is characterized in that,
the reaction condition of the fly ash in pure water is that the solid-liquid ratio is 1g to 20mL, the temperature is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 120r/min, and the time is 18+/-2 h.
5. The method for evaluating the environmental risk classification of water by utilizing heavy metals contained in fly ash according to claim 4, which is characterized in that,
the reaction condition of the fly ash in the water body to be evaluated is that the solid-liquid ratio is 1g to 20mL, the temperature is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 120r/min, and the time is 18+/-2 h.
6. The method for evaluating the environmental risk classification of water by utilizing heavy metals contained in fly ash according to claim 5, which is characterized in that,
the three levels of risk ordering are primary > secondary > tertiary.
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| CN105608324B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-03-01 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Basin Heavy Metal In Sediments urban eco landscape forest method based on poisonous effect |
| CN107202865B (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2020-08-21 | 上海大学 | Method for rapidly detecting stability and toxicity of heavy metals in household garbage incineration fly ash |
| CN112147111A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-29 | 华中科技大学 | Method for synchronously measuring total selenium content and selenium valence state in fly ash |
| CN112029813B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-04-05 | 四川大学 | Method for evaluating leaching toxicity of municipal waste incineration fly ash |
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