CN115014561B - High-temperature thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage-proof structure - Google Patents
High-temperature thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage-proof structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115014561B CN115014561B CN202210830934.2A CN202210830934A CN115014561B CN 115014561 B CN115014561 B CN 115014561B CN 202210830934 A CN202210830934 A CN 202210830934A CN 115014561 B CN115014561 B CN 115014561B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
- G01K1/12—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing damage due to heat overloading
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
- G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
- G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
- G05D16/2026—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means with a plurality of throttling means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure, comprising: ceramic sleeve, metal elastic locating piece, metal supporting tube, flange, guide tube, air-condensing coil, self-cooling temperature-lowering device, upper protecting tube, self-regulating valve and junction box. The thermocouple is suitable for a Claus furnace, a sulfur recovery device and an exhaust gas treatment incinerator; when the gas in the gap between the ceramic sleeves generates larger pressure in a high-temperature state, the self-regulating valve is opened, the high-temperature gas is damped and cooled by the ceramic damping piece in the upper protective tube, and then enters the air-condensing coil pipe to be released after being subjected to multistage damping and cooling, so that the explosion and damage of the ceramic sleeves are avoided, and the service life of the thermocouple is prolonged; when the ceramic sleeve is broken, the medium is cooled by damping through the ceramic damping piece in the upper protective tube, and then enters the air-condensing coil pipe to perform multistage damping cooling, so that the outlet of the air-condensing coil pipe is blocked by solid state, the medium is prevented from leaking, the environment is polluted, and serious safety production accidents are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermocouples, and particularly relates to a thermocouple with an internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure.
Background
In the industries of oil refining, natural gas and chemical industry, when a Claus furnace and a sulfur recovery device are subjected to incineration treatment, the working temperature is generally 1100-1600 ℃, and toxic and harmful components such as sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and the like are contained in a medium in the device; the thermocouple temperature measuring element used at present is generally selected from B type, R type and S type, the protection sleeve is made of ceramic materials, and the ceramic materials are high-temperature resistant but fragile. Under the continuous high temperature state, especially under the condition of large temperature difference change, the sleeve is easy to damage caused by external force actions such as deformation extrusion of the furnace body, falling off of the inner wall of the furnace body and the like, so that medium leakage is caused, safety accidents are caused, personal safety is endangered, and the environment is polluted. The gas between the gaps of the ceramic sleeve generates larger internal pressure at a high temperature state, and if the gas is not released in time, the sleeve is easy to burst and damage; the prior thermocouple has no internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure and related functions, thus leading to the thermocouple with short service life, easy safety production accident and environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a high-temperature thermocouple with an internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure, which is used for overcoming the safety production accidents caused by sleeve burst damage and medium leakage in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a thermocouple with an internal pressure release and leakage preventing structure, comprising,
a ceramic sleeve which is a double-layer ceramic tube;
the upper protective tube is connected with the top of the ceramic sleeve, a metal elastic positioning piece is arranged at the joint of the upper protective tube and the top of the ceramic sleeve, and a ceramic damping piece is arranged on the metal elastic positioning piece;
the self-cooling temperature reducer is arranged on the side surface of the upper protective tube and used for reducing the temperature of the gas; the self-cooling type temperature reducer is characterized in that heat dissipation holes are uniformly formed in the outer part of the self-cooling type temperature reducer, and the heat dissipation holes perform cold and heat exchange to accelerate the temperature reduction of a medium; when the ceramic sleeve is broken, the self-cooling temperature reducer can cool the flowing gaseous medium to liquid-solid state, and the outlet is blocked to prevent the medium from leaking;
the guide tube is arranged at the sealing connection part of the upper protective tube and the ceramic sleeve and is used for connecting the gas in the ceramic sleeve and the self-cooling temperature reducer;
the self-regulating valve is arranged at the joint of the self-cooling temperature reducer and the guide pipe and used for controlling the communication between the self-cooling temperature reducer and the guide pipe; the opening of the self-adjusting valve is adjustable;
the pressure sensor is respectively connected with the gas in the ceramic sleeve and the control system and is used for monitoring the pressure value of the gas in the ceramic sleeve and transmitting the monitoring data to the control system;
the control system is respectively connected with the self-regulating valve and the pressure sensor and is used for controlling the opening and closing states of the self-regulating valve; the control system can process data of the gas pressure value transmitted by the pressure sensor, and the control system adjusts the opening of the self-adjusting valve according to the data processing result so that the thermocouple can timely release internal pressure.
Further, an air condensing coil is arranged in the self-cooling temperature reducer, and the air condensing coil is arranged in a coiled spiral shape and used for cooling the gas in multiple stages; the length L of the air condensing coil is determined according to the application environment temperature Ty of the thermocouple and the freezing point temperature Tn of a medium, L= (Ty-Tn)/(t×L0×m, wherein L0 is the standard length value of the air condensing coil, t is the temperature reduced by the air passing through the air condensing coil with the standard length, and m is the length adjusting parameter of the air condensing coil.
Further, a standard pressure value Fb which can be born by the ceramic sleeve is arranged in the control system, when the thermocouple works initially, the self-regulating valve is in a closed state, the pressure sensor monitors the gas pressure F1 in the ceramic sleeve in real time and transmits monitoring data to the control system, and the control system compares the real-time gas pressure F1 monitored by the pressure sensor with the standard pressure value Fb which can be born by the ceramic sleeve:
when F1 is larger than Fb, the control system judges that the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve exceeds a standard pressure value, and controls the self-regulating valve to be opened so as to release the gas in the ceramic sleeve and prevent the ceramic sleeve from bursting and damaging due to overlarge internal pressure;
when F1 is less than or equal to Fb, the control system judges that the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve is in a safe range, and the control system does not adjust the self-regulating valve.
Further, when the self-regulating valve is opened, the control system performs a difference processing on the real-time pressure value F1 monitored by the pressure sensor and the standard pressure Fb to obtain a pressure difference Δf, Δf=f1-Fb, a pressure difference evaluation value Fz is set in the control system, and the control system compares the pressure difference Δf with the pressure difference evaluation value Fz to adjust the opening of the self-regulating valve:
when delta F is more than or equal to Fz, the control system controls the self-regulating valve to be completely opened;
when Fz > Δf > 0, the control system controls the opening of the self-regulating valve to be D, d=Δf/h+d, where h is a calculated evaluation parameter of the opening value D, and D is an opening reference value.
Further, a monitoring period Tq for releasing the gas in the ceramic sleeve is provided in the control system, the control system is provided with a theoretical pressure value Fn 'reached by the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve after the single release monitoring period Tq, when the self-regulating valve is opened, the control system records the gas pressure value Fn in the ceramic sleeve transmitted by the pressure sensor after the single release monitoring period Tq, and compares the recorded gas pressure value Fn with the theoretical pressure value Fn':
when Fn is larger than Fn ', the control system judges that the internal pressure release speed is lower, the opening of the self-regulating valve is smaller, the control system regulates the opening of the self-regulating valve to be increased, the increased opening value of the self-regulating valve is delta D, delta D= (Fn-Fn')/h ', wherein h' is a calculated evaluation parameter for increasing the opening value delta D so as to accelerate the internal pressure release;
when Fn is less than or equal to Fn', the control system judges that the internal pressure release speed is enough, and the control system controls the self-regulating valve to keep the current opening degree to continue the internal pressure release.
Further, for the theoretical pressure value Fn ', fn ' = (F1-Fb) ×k, where K is the theoretical pressure value Fn ' reached by the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve after the single release monitoring period Tq, a compensation parameter is calculated.
A thermocouple according to claim 3, wherein the control system is provided with a gas pressure change rate evaluation parameter L0, the control system is provided with an evaluation period Tz for the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve, the control system records two pressure values transmitted by the pressure sensor every single evaluation period Tz, the initial pressure value is recorded as F2, the pressure value passing through the gas pressure evaluation period Tz is recorded as F3, the control system processes the data to obtain a real-time pressure change rate L, l= (F3-F2) +.tz of the gas in the ceramic sleeve, and the control system compares the real-time pressure change rate L with the pressure change rate evaluation parameter L0:
when L is more than L0, the control system judges that the ceramic sleeve is broken, and the control system controls the self-regulating valve to be closed;
when L is less than or equal to L0, the control system judges that the ceramic sleeve is not broken, and the control system does not adjust the self-regulating valve.
Further, the control system judges that the ceramic sleeve is broken, the control system controls the medium leaked by the leaked medium to enter the air condensing coil pipe through the guide pipe to perform multistage damping cooling after the medium leaked by the leaked medium is damped and cooled by the ceramic damping piece in the upper protection pipe before the self-adjusting valve is closed, and finally the second half of the air condensing coil pipe is condensed into a solid state to block the outlet of the air condensing coil pipe so as to prevent the medium from leaking.
Further, the thermocouple can be provided with a guide tube on the side surface of the upper protection tube, and the guide tube is used for connecting the gas in the ceramic sleeve and the ceramic damping piece in the upper protection tube.
Further, when the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve is high, the gas in the ceramic sleeve can enter the ceramic damping piece in the upper protection tube through the guide tube to be damped and cooled, so that the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that the pressure sensor 15 arranged in the thermocouple can monitor the pressure value generated by the gas in the ceramic sleeve (1) in real time and transmit the pressure value to the control system arranged in the thermocouple. When the control system judges that the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve is overlarge, the control system adjusts the self-adjusting valve (11) to be opened so as to enable the gas in the ceramic sleeve (1) to be communicated with the air condensing coil pipe (12) in the self-cooling temperature reducer (7), and after the gas in the ceramic sleeve (1) passes through the ceramic material (4) in the upper protective tube (6) for damping cooling, the gas enters the air condensing coil pipe (12) for multistage damping cooling, so that the high gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve (1) is timely released, and the ceramic sleeve is prevented from being broken due to the overlarge internal pressure. When the ceramic tube is broken, the medium leaks, the gaseous medium enters the upper protection tube (6) through the guide tube (14) and is cooled by damping of the internal ceramic material (4), then enters the self-cooling cooler (7) through the guide tube (10) and enters the air-condensing coil (12), multi-section damping cooling is carried out, the medium is enabled to be condensed into solid at the second half section of the air-condensing coil (12), the outlet of the air-condensing coil (12) is blocked, the medium leakage is prevented, the environment is prevented from being polluted, and serious safety production accidents are caused.
Further, a ceramic damping piece (4) is arranged at the joint of the upper protective tube (6) and the top of the ceramic sleeve (1), the ceramic damping piece (4) is placed on the metal elastic positioning piece (5), and the position of the ceramic damping piece (4) can move along with a spring so as to damp and cool gas entering the upper protective tube (6), so that the temperature of the gas is effectively reduced;
further, the upper protection tube (6) and the ceramic sleeve (1) are in sealing connection at the joint by using a sealing piece (9) so as to ensure the tightness of the joint and avoid potential safety hazards caused by the damage of the thermocouple due to air leakage at the joint;
further, an air condensing coil (12) is arranged in the self-cooling type temperature reducer (7), the length of the air condensing coil (12) is determined according to the application environment temperature of the thermocouple and the solidifying point temperature of the medium, and meanwhile, the air condensing coil (12) is arranged in a coiled spiral shape and is used for carrying out multistage damping cooling on the medium so as to ensure that the medium is solidified into a solid state in the air condensing coil (12) to block a pipe outlet, so that the medium is prevented from leaking, the environment is polluted, and serious safety production accidents are caused; simultaneously, the outside of self-cooling formula temperature drop ware (7) evenly is equipped with louvre (13), louvre (13) carry out cold and hot exchange, accelerate the medium cooling.
Further, the opening of the self-regulating valve (11) is controlled by the control system, and when the control system detects that the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve (1) transmitted by the pressure sensor (15) exceeds the standard pressure set in the control system, the control system can control the self-regulating valve (11) to be opened in time so as to communicate the ceramic sleeve (1) with the air condensing coil (12) to release gas and reduce the internal pressure;
further, the opening of the self-regulating valve (11) is controlled by the control system, when the control system controls the self-regulating valve (11) to be opened, the control system can also perform difference processing on the real-time gas pressure transmitted by the sensor and the set standard pressure to obtain a pressure difference, and the control system controls the opening of the self-regulating valve (11) according to the pressure difference so as to ensure that the thermocouple can effectively and timely release gas when the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve (1) is large, reduce the internal pressure and ensure the normal operation of the thermocouple.
Further, after the thermocouple releases gas, the control system periodically detects the real-time gas pressure transmitted by the pressure sensor (15), and when the control system judges that the pressure of the gas in the ceramic sleeve (1) does not reach the set gas release standard value, the control system regulates the opening of the self-regulating valve (11) to ensure that the gas release can be continuously and effectively carried out, so that the flexible adjustment of the thermocouple to the gas release is ensured, and the ceramic sleeve (1) is prevented from being broken due to the fact that the gas release is not carried out in time by the thermocouple, thereby prolonging the service life of the thermocouple.
Further, when the thermocouple starts to work, the control system processes the real-time gas pressure data transmitted by the pressure sensor (15) to obtain a gas pressure change rate, and when the control system finds that the gas pressure change rate changes, the control system judges that the ceramic sleeve is broken, and simultaneously the control system adjusts the self-regulating valve (11) to be completely closed; before the self-regulating valve (11) is completely closed, the leaked medium is cooled in the upper protective tube (6) through damping by the ceramic damping piece (4) in the upper protective tube (6), enters the air condensing coil (12) through the guide tube (10) for cooling again, and finally is condensed into a solid state at the rear half section of the air condensing coil (12), so that an outlet is blocked, medium leakage is prevented, and environmental pollution and serious safety accidents are prevented.
Further, a guide pipe (14) is arranged on the inner side of the upper protective pipe (6) of the thermocouple, and the guide pipe (14) is used for connecting the gas in the ceramic sleeve (1) and the ceramic damping piece (4) in the upper protective pipe (6); when the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve (1) is large, the gas in the ceramic sleeve (1) can enter the ceramic damping piece (4) in the upper protection tube (6) through the guide tube (14) for damping and cooling, the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve (1) is released, and the normal operation of the thermocouple is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure of the present invention, in which a guide tube is provided;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a guide tube of a thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be further described with reference to the following examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms within the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to the present invention, including,
a ceramic sleeve 1 comprising a double layer ceramic tube; the ceramic sleeve 1 is in sleeved sealing connection with the metal support tube 2, and the metal support tube 2 supports the ceramic tube 1; the upper part of the metal supporting pipe 2 is provided with a flange 3, and the flange 3 is used for installing and fixing the position of the thermocouple when in use;
the upper protective tube 6 is connected with the top of the ceramic sleeve 1, a ceramic damping piece 4 is arranged at the joint of the upper protective tube 6 and the top of the ceramic sleeve 1, the ceramic damping piece 4 is placed on the metal elastic positioning piece 5, and the ceramic damping piece 4 can perform damping cooling on gas entering the upper protective tube 6;
a sealing member 9 for sealing the upper protection tube 6 to the ceramic sleeve 1 to ensure the sealing property of the joint;
a self-cooling temperature reducer 7 installed on the side surface of the upper protective tube 6 for reducing the temperature of the gas; the self-cooling type temperature reducer 7 is uniformly provided with radiating holes 13 outside, and the radiating holes 13 are used for cold and heat exchange to accelerate the cooling of a medium; the self-cooling type temperature reducer 7 is internally provided with an air condensing coil 12, the length of the air condensing coil 12 is determined according to the application environment temperature of the thermocouple and the freezing point temperature of a medium, and meanwhile, the air condensing coil 12 is arranged in a coiled spiral shape and is used for carrying out multistage damping cooling on gas;
a guide tube 10, which is arranged at the sealing connection part between the upper protective tube 6 and the ceramic sleeve 1 and is used for connecting the gas in the ceramic sleeve 1 and the gas coagulation coil 12;
the self-adjusting valve 11 is arranged at the joint of the air-condensing coil 12 and the guide pipe 10 and is used for controlling the communication between the air-condensing coil 12 and the guide pipe 10, and the opening of the self-adjusting valve 11 is adjustable;
a junction box 8 provided at the top end of the thermocouple for outputting a temperature signal;
the control system is connected with the self-regulating valve 11 and is used for controlling the opening of the self-regulating valve 11;
a pressure sensor 15 connected to the gas in the ceramic sleeve 1 and the control system, respectively, for monitoring the pressure value of the gas in the ceramic sleeve 1 and transmitting the monitoring data to the control system;
the control system can process data of the gas pressure value transmitted by the pressure sensor 15, and the control system adjusts the opening of the self-adjusting valve 11 according to the data processing result, so that the thermocouple can timely release internal pressure and prevent medium leakage.
When the thermocouple starts to work, the control system detects the real-time gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve 1 transmitted by the pressure sensor 15, and when the control system detects that the real-time gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve 1 exceeds the standard pressure set in the control system, the control system controls the self-regulating valve 11 to be opened so as to communicate the ceramic sleeve 1 with the air condensing coil 12 for gas release.
The opening of the self-regulating valve 11 is controlled by the control system, when the control system controls the opening of the self-regulating valve 11, the control system also performs difference processing on the real-time gas pressure transmitted by the pressure sensor 15 and the set standard pressure value to obtain a pressure difference, and the control system controls the opening of the self-regulating valve 11 according to the pressure difference, so that the opening of the self-regulating valve 11 is ensured to be reasonable, gas release can be effectively and timely performed when the internal pressure of the thermocouple is large, and normal operation of the thermocouple is ensured.
After the self-regulating valve 11 is opened to release gas, the control system periodically detects the real-time gas pressure transmitted by the pressure sensor 15, and when the control system finds that the pressure of the gas in the ceramic sleeve 1 does not reach the gas release standard pressure value set by the control system after the gas is released for a period of time, the control system regulates the opening of the self-regulating valve 11 to ensure that the gas release can be effectively and continuously performed, ensures the flexible adjustment of the self-regulating valve 11 by the thermocouple, ensures the safe and effective release of the gas, and avoids the rupture of the ceramic sleeve 1 caused by the fact that the gas release is not performed in time by the thermocouple so as to prolong the service life of the thermocouple.
Meanwhile, when the thermocouple starts to work, the control system processes the real-time gas pressure data transmitted by the pressure sensor 15 to obtain a gas pressure change rate, and when the control system finds that the real-time gas pressure change rate changes, the control system judges that the ceramic sleeve 1 breaks, and simultaneously the control system adjusts the self-regulating valve 11 to be completely closed; before the self-regulating valve 11 is completely closed, the leaked medium enters the air-condensing coil 12 through the guide pipe 10 for multistage damping cooling after being damped and cooled by the ceramic damping piece 4 in the upper protecting pipe 6, and finally is condensed into solid at the second half section of the air-condensing coil 12, and the solid can block the outlet of the air-condensing coil 12 so as to prevent the medium from leaking.
With continued reference to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to the present invention when a guide tube is provided, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the guide tube provided by the thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to the present invention, wherein a guide tube 14 can be provided inside the upper protection tube 6 by the thermocouple, and the guide tube 14 is used for connecting the gas in the ceramic sleeve 1 and the ceramic damping member 4 in the upper protection tube 6. When the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve 1 is high, the gas in the ceramic sleeve 1 can enter the ceramic damping piece 4 in the upper protective tube 6 through the guide tube 14 for damping and cooling so as to reduce the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve 1.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention; various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The thermocouple with the internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure is characterized by comprising a ceramic sleeve, wherein the ceramic sleeve is a double-layer ceramic tube;
the upper protective tube is connected with the top of the ceramic sleeve, a metal elastic positioning piece is arranged at the joint of the upper protective tube and the top of the ceramic sleeve, and a ceramic damping piece is arranged on the metal elastic positioning piece;
the self-cooling temperature reducer is arranged on the side surface of the upper protective tube and used for reducing the temperature of the gas; the self-cooling type temperature reducer is characterized in that heat dissipation holes are uniformly formed in the outer part of the self-cooling type temperature reducer, and the heat dissipation holes perform cold and heat exchange to accelerate the temperature reduction of a medium; when the ceramic sleeve is broken, the self-cooling temperature reducer can gradually cool the flowing gaseous medium to be-liquid-solid;
the guide tube is arranged at the sealing connection part of the upper protective tube and the ceramic sleeve and is used for connecting the gas in the ceramic sleeve and the self-cooling temperature reducer;
the self-regulating valve is arranged at the joint of the self-cooling temperature reducer and the guide pipe and used for controlling the communication between the self-cooling temperature reducer and the guide pipe; the opening of the self-adjusting valve is adjustable;
the pressure sensor is respectively connected with the gas in the ceramic sleeve and the control system and is used for monitoring the pressure in the ceramic sleeve and transmitting the monitoring data to the control system;
the control system is respectively connected with the self-regulating valve and the pressure sensor and is used for controlling the opening and closing states of the self-regulating valve; the control system can process data of the gas pressure value transmitted by the pressure sensor, and the control system adjusts the opening of the self-adjusting valve according to the data processing result so that the thermocouple can timely release internal pressure.
2. The thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to claim 1, wherein an air-condensing coil is arranged inside the self-cooling type temperature reducer, and the air-condensing coil is arranged in a coiled spiral shape for performing multistage damping cooling on gas; the length L of the air condensing coil is determined according to the application environment temperature Ty of the thermocouple and the freezing point temperature Tn of a medium, L= (Ty-Tn)/(t×L0×m, wherein L0 is the standard length value of the air condensing coil, t is the temperature reduced by the air passing through the air condensing coil with the standard length, and m is the length adjusting parameter of the air condensing coil.
3. The thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to claim 2, wherein a standard pressure value Fb which can be borne by the ceramic sleeve is provided in the control system, the self-regulating valve is in a closed state when the thermocouple is initially operated, the pressure sensor monitors the gas pressure F1 in the ceramic sleeve in real time and transmits monitoring data to the control system, and the control system compares the real-time gas pressure F1 monitored by the pressure sensor with the standard pressure value Fb which can be borne by the ceramic sleeve:
when F1 is larger than Fb, the control system judges that the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve exceeds a standard pressure value, and controls the self-regulating valve to be opened so as to release the gas in the ceramic sleeve and prevent the ceramic sleeve from bursting and damaging due to overlarge internal pressure;
when F1 is less than or equal to Fb, the control system judges that the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve is in a safe range, and the control system does not adjust the self-regulating valve.
4. The thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to claim 3, wherein when the self-regulating valve is opened, the control system performs a difference process on the real-time pressure value F1 monitored by the pressure sensor and the standard pressure Fb to obtain a pressure difference Δf, Δf=f1-Fb, a pressure difference evaluation value Fz is set in the control system, and the control system compares the pressure difference Δf with the pressure difference evaluation value Fz to adjust the opening degree of the self-regulating valve:
when delta F is more than or equal to Fz, the control system controls the self-regulating valve to be completely opened;
when Fz > Δf > 0, the control system controls the opening of the self-regulating valve to be D, d=Δf/h+d, where h is a calculated evaluation parameter of the opening value D, and D is an opening reference value.
5. The thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to claim 4, wherein a monitoring period Tq for releasing the gas in the ceramic bushing is provided in the control system, the control system is provided with a theoretical pressure value Fn 'reached by the gas pressure in the ceramic bushing after a single release monitoring period Tq, and after the self-regulating valve is opened and the gas in the ceramic bushing is released, the control system records the gas pressure value Fn in the ceramic bushing transmitted by the pressure sensor after a single release monitoring period Tq and compares the recorded gas pressure value Fn with the theoretical pressure value Fn':
when Fn is larger than Fn ', the control system judges that the internal pressure release speed is lower, the opening of the self-regulating valve is smaller, the control system regulates the opening of the self-regulating valve to be increased, the increased opening value of the self-regulating valve is delta D, delta D= (Fn-Fn')/h ', wherein h' is a calculated evaluation parameter for increasing the opening value delta D so as to accelerate the internal pressure release;
when Fn is less than or equal to Fn', the control system judges that the internal pressure release speed is enough, and the control system controls the self-regulating valve to keep the current opening degree to continue the internal pressure release.
6. The thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to claim 5, wherein for a theoretical pressure value Fn ', fn ' = (F1-Fb) ×k, where K is the theoretical pressure value Fn ', the internal gas pressure of the ceramic bushing reaches after a single release monitoring period Tq.
7. A thermocouple according to claim 3, wherein the control system is provided with a gas pressure change rate evaluation parameter L0, the control system is provided with an evaluation period Tz for the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve, the control system records two pressure values transmitted by the pressure sensor every single evaluation period Tz, the initial pressure value is recorded as F2, the pressure value passing through the gas pressure evaluation period Tz is recorded as F3, the control system processes the data to obtain a real-time pressure change rate L, l= (F3-F2) +.tz of the gas in the ceramic sleeve, and the control system compares the real-time pressure change rate L with the pressure change rate evaluation parameter L0:
when L is more than L0, the control system judges that the ceramic sleeve is broken, and the control system controls the self-regulating valve to be closed;
when L is less than or equal to L0, the control system judges that the ceramic sleeve is not broken, and the control system does not adjust the self-regulating valve.
8. The thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to claim 7, wherein the control system judges that the ceramic sleeve is broken, and the control system controls the leakage medium to enter the air condensing coil pipe through the guide pipe to perform multistage damping cooling after the leakage medium is damped and cooled by the ceramic damping piece in the upper protection pipe before the self-adjusting valve is closed, and finally the leakage medium is blocked by condensing the leakage medium into solid at the second half section of the air condensing coil pipe.
9. The thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to claim 1, wherein the thermocouple is capable of providing a guide tube inside the upper shield tube, the guide tube being used to connect the gas in the ceramic sleeve and the ceramic damper in the upper shield tube.
10. The thermocouple with internal pressure release and leakage prevention structure according to claim 9, wherein when the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve is large, the gas in the ceramic sleeve can enter the ceramic damper in the upper shield tube through the guide tube to be damped and cooled, so as to reduce the gas pressure in the ceramic sleeve.
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