CN115013221B - Water diversion and water guide component of water turbine with ultra-high water head and ultra-large capacity and hydraulic design method thereof - Google Patents
Water diversion and water guide component of water turbine with ultra-high water head and ultra-large capacity and hydraulic design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115013221B CN115013221B CN202210748815.2A CN202210748815A CN115013221B CN 115013221 B CN115013221 B CN 115013221B CN 202210748815 A CN202210748815 A CN 202210748815A CN 115013221 B CN115013221 B CN 115013221B
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- volute
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- guide vane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/16—Stators
- F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/16—Stators
- F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
- F03B3/186—Spiral or volute casings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention relates to a water diversion and water diversion component of a mixed flow water turbine with extra-high water head and extra-high capacity and a hydraulic design method thereof. The design of the volute hydraulic power is completed by the principle that the average flow rate of the section of the volute is unchanged. Meanwhile, the main body of the section still adopts a circular section in consideration of uniform stress distribution of the section of the volute. In the design process, only a single-layer volute section is needed to be calculated, and the other layer section is obtained through a symmetrical relation. The fixed guide vane determines the placement angle through the principle of not changing the water flow circulation, and thickens into an airfoil according to the strength requirement. The rated setting angle of the movable guide vane is obtained through a basic equation of the water turbine. The invention increases the overflow of the water diversion and water guide mechanism, simultaneously gives consideration to the structural strength and hydraulic loss, and can effectively improve the output of the water turbine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fluid machinery and engineering equipment, and particularly relates to a water diversion and water guide component of a water turbine with an extra-high water head and an extra-high capacity and a hydraulic design method thereof.
Background
Under the target traction of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, the step-type development of new energy represented by wind energy and solar energy is realized. In a novel electric power system mainly comprising new energy, the importance of the energy storage and regulation of hydropower is increasingly highlighted.
The hydropower engineering in China has achieved remarkable achievement. At present, the white crane beach is the hydroelectric generating set with the largest world single machine capacity, the installed capacity is 100 kilowatts, and the rated water head is about 200m. The pumping energy storage power station of the Zhejiang sky is the pumping energy storage power station with the highest water head in the world, the single machine capacity is 42.5 kilowatts, and the rated water head is 724 meters. However, along with the progress of hydroelectric development, hydroelectric engineering has also been increasingly demanding in terms of hydroelectric power generation equipment. For example, the total installed capacity of the large turn of the jacuzanibu reaches 5000 kilowatts, and the drop height reaches 2200m. If the capacity of the overhead pumping and accumulating single machine is estimated, a plurality of stages of power stations are required to be arranged, and the total number of the units is about 120, so that the investment cost of the power station is huge. In order to reduce the number of units and investment cost of a power station, development of hydraulic equipment with both ultra-high water head (600 meters) and ultra-large capacity (more than 60 kilowatts) is urgently needed.
The water diversion and water diversion mechanism is one of the most important hydraulic equipment, at present, the high-head water diversion and water diversion mechanism is of a single-layer structure, under the working condition of super-large capacity, the water flow speed and the movement space are increased, the hydraulic loss is aggravated, and the structural strength is challenged to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical gap of the existing ultra-high head ultra-large capacity hydraulic equipment, the invention only focuses on the water diversion and water guide parts of the hydraulic equipment. The invention aims to disclose a water diversion and water diversion component of a water turbine with an extra-high water head and an extra-high capacity and a hydraulic design method thereof. Through the conception of the double-layer volute, the double-layer fixed guide vane and the double-layer movable guide vane, the purposes of increasing the overcurrent and improving the power generation are achieved.
The above object of the present invention is mainly solved by the following technical solutions:
the utility model provides a special high water head super capacity's hydraulic turbine draws water and water guide part, its characterized in that includes upper volute, lower floor's spiral case and sets up baffle between upper volute and the lower floor's spiral case, wherein upper volute with the lower floor's spiral case uses the baffle is symmetry about the symmetry plane sets up, upper volute with be equipped with fixed guide vane and the movable guide vane of symmetry setting on the lower floor's spiral case respectively.
The invention also provides a design method of the water diversion and water diversion component of the water turbine with the ultra-high water head and the ultra-large capacity, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, designing a volute by hydraulic force;
s2, hydraulic design of the fixed guide vane;
s3, hydraulic design of movable guide vanes;
the specific implementation method of the step S1 is as follows:
assuming the water flow rate in the voluteV c Is constant. In addition, considering that the overflow rates of the upper layer of volute and the lower layer of volute are equal, the cross section shapes are the same, so that in the design process, half of the design flow is taken as the design flow of the single-layer volute cross section.
Average flow velocity of volute sectionV c Determined by calculation of formula (1):
in the middle of
For the inlet section flow rate coefficient, 0.7-0.8,/is recommended>
The rated water head of the water turbine;
the inlet cross-sectional area is determined by equation (2):
in the middle of
Designing flow for the section of the single-layer volute;
flow rate of any sectionQ i Area of overcurrentF i The calculation is performed by the formulas (3) and (4):
in the middle of
The wrap angle of the spiral case is set;
in the process of designing the volute waterpower, one volute section is selected at certain wrap angles in the circumferential direction, all the volute sections must cover the whole circumference, and then different section flow rates and areas can be calculated according to the formula (3) and the formula (4).
After determining each cross-sectional area, each volute cross-sectional shape can be solved, and the volute cross-sectional shape is solved by solving firstlyR=hAndR=harea at/2A h AndA h/2 by combining the area of the overcurrent with the area of the overcurrentA h AndA h/2 comparison, calculation can be performed according to the classification of formula (5):
according to the method, each different wrap angle is determined in turn
Shape of cross section of the volute, radial position of each cross sectionR a And after the calculation of the cross section shape of the single-layer volute is completed, the different cross section shapes of the volute are symmetrical along the symmetry axes of the upper layer and the lower layer and are swept in sequence, so that the modeling of the double-layer volute can be completed.
Further, the specific implementation method of step S2 is as follows:
the hydraulic design of the fixed guide vane adopts the principle that the water flow circulation is not changed, so the water flow speed and the included angle of the circumferential directionθThe flow of the unit can be calculated by the calculation of (6), in the calculation process, the flow of the unit is calculated by taking half of the flow of the unit on the assumption that the flow of the upper and lower layers of guide vanes is consistent,
in the middle ofθIs the included angle between the water flow speed and the circumferential direction,V r in order to be a radial velocity,V u is the circumferential velocity, wherein,
,/>
in the followingrFor the distance between the point on the guide vane skeleton line and the turbine centerline,kthe value is obtained by calculating the speed moment of the section of the inlet of the volute,R a is the distance from the starting point of the volute section to the axial lead.
Further, the specific implementation method of the step S3 is as follows:
hydraulic design of movable guide vanes, which assumes that the guide vane outlet velocity moment is equal to the runner inlet velocity moment, solves the guide vane rated opening setting angle according to a basic equation (7) of the water turbine
The design flow of the movable guide vane is half of the flow of the unit in accordance with the assumption of the fixed guide vane,
in the middle of
-wheel exit radius; />
-turbine runner outlet flow area; />
-rotational angular velocity; />
-nominal head; />
-vane height; />
-wheel outlet setting angle;η h -turbine unit efficiency;g-gravitational acceleration;
distribution circle diameter of movable guide vaneD 0 Determined by formula (8):
in the middle of
Is the outer diameter of the rotating wheel;
vane chord lengthL g Determined by (9)
In the middle of
Is the number of guide leaves;
and according to the guide vane setting angle, the distribution circle diameter and the guide vane chord length parameters, the hydraulic design of the movable guide vane can be completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. due to the action of the upper and lower layered partition boards, the structural strength of water diversion and water diversion waterpower under the condition of large flow is improved.
2. The baffle inhibits the movement of water flow in the axial direction, reducing flow losses.
3. The vortex effect in the volute is improved under the bias working condition, and the pressure pulsation and the vibration of the unit are reduced.
4. The radial radius of the cross section of the volute at the tongue separating end is increased, the axial movement space of water flow is restrained, and the annular quantity distribution of the volute is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a calculation of a volute section according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the wrap angle of the volute of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the inversion of the upper and lower scroll casings according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a mounting angle for a stay vane in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the placement angle of the movable vane of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a double layer water diversion and diversion component of the present invention;
in the figure, a 1-upper volute, a 2-lower volute, a 3-fixed guide vane, a 4-movable guide vane and a 5-partition plate are arranged.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described below through examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides a water turbine diversion and water guide component with extra-high water head and extra-high capacity, which comprises an upper volute 1, a lower volute 2 and a partition plate 5 arranged between the upper volute and the lower volute, wherein the upper volute 1 and the lower volute 2 are symmetrically arranged up and down by taking the partition plate 5 as a symmetrical plane, and the upper volute 1 and the lower volute 2 are respectively provided with a symmetrically arranged fixed guide vane 3 and a symmetrically arranged movable guide vane 4.
This embodiment introduces a design process of water diversion and water diversion components with extra-high head and extra-large capacity. The water head of the unit is
The flow of the unit is->
The rated rotation speed was 500rpm. In order to be matched with the model rotating wheel conveniently, a similar conversion formula is adopted, and the prototype calculation water head and flow are converted into the model water head and flow +.>
，
。
Step one: volute hydraulic design
The volute section average flow rate calculation equation:
in the middle of
Calculate->
。
The inlet cross-sectional area calculation equation is:
calculation of
。
As shown in fig. 2, a volute section was selected at 15 ° wrap angles with respect to the inlet section, and the flow rate and the cross-sectional area of each section were calculated by the formulas (3) and (4), respectively, and the calculation results were counted in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table for calculating flow and area of volute section
Based on the calculated area of each section in Table 1, the corresponding section radius can be calculated by the formula (5) to determine each section shape, wherein in the present embodimenthThe value was 35.66mm. And sweeping each solved section along the wrap angle increasing direction, turning the center of the turning wheel, and completing the modeling of the volute hydraulic design, as shown in a fifth diagram.
Step two: as shown in FIG. 4, the stay vane hydraulic design
Solving the fixed guide vane setting angle through a method (6):
the solution is carried out,θ=25.2° const is constant. Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
，/>
，/>
。
step three: as shown in FIG. 5, the movable vane hydraulic design
The rated working condition angle of the movable guide vane is calculated by the method (7).
Solving to obtain
Determining that the distribution circle diameter and the chord length of the movable guide vane are respectively as follows according to the formula (8) and the formula (9)D=300mm，L=91.57mm。
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Although upper volute, lower volute, volute wrap, etc. are used more herein. But does not exclude the possibility of using other terms. These terms are used merely for convenience in describing and explaining the nature of the invention; they are to be interpreted as any additional limitation that is not inconsistent with the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The design method of the water diversion mechanism and the water diversion mechanism of the water turbine with the ultra-high water head and the ultra-high capacity is characterized in that the water diversion mechanism and the water diversion mechanism designed by the method comprise an upper volute, a lower volute and a partition plate arranged between the upper volute and the lower volute, wherein the upper volute and the lower volute are symmetrically arranged up and down by taking the partition plate as a symmetrical plane, and the upper volute and the lower volute are respectively provided with a symmetrically arranged fixed guide vane and a symmetrically arranged movable guide vane, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a volute by hydraulic force;
s2, hydraulic design of the fixed guide vane;
s3, hydraulic design of movable guide vanes;
the specific implementation method of the step S1 is as follows:
in addition, in consideration of equal overflow of the upper and lower spiral cases and identical cross-section shape, half of the working flow is taken as the design flow of the single-layer spiral case section in the design process,
the volute section average flow velocity Vc is determined by calculating in the formula (1):
wherein alpha is the inlet section flow velocity coefficient, recommended 0.7-0.8, H r The rated water head of the water turbine;
the inlet cross-sectional area is determined by equation (2):
q in r Designing flow for the section of the single-layer volute;
flow rate Q of any section i Flow surfaceProduct F i The calculation is performed by the formulas (3) and (4):
in the middle of
The wrap angle of the spiral case is set;
in the process of designing the volute waterpower, selecting a volute section at certain wrap angles at intervals in the circumferential direction, wherein all the volute sections need to cover the whole circumference, and then calculating the flow and the area of different sections according to the formula (3) and the formula (4);
after determining the cross-sectional areas, the cross-sectional shapes of the volutes can be solved, and the area A is obtained by solving R=h and R=h/2 h And A h/2 By combining the calculated overcurrent area with A h And A h/2 Comparison, calculation can be performed according to the classification of formula (5):
according to the method, each different wrap angle is determined in turn
Shape of cross section of the volute, radial position R of each cross section a After the calculation of the cross section shape of the single-layer volute is completed, the different cross section shapes of the volute are symmetrical along the symmetry axes of the upper layer and the lower layer and swept in sequence, so that the modeling of the double-layer volute can be completed, wherein R is the radius of the cross section of the volute; h is the height of the guide vane, A i Is the area of the ith volute section, L is the minor axis of the volute elliptical section when R < h/2.
2. The design method of the water diversion and water diversion mechanism of the water turbine with the ultra-high water head and the ultra-high capacity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific implementation method of the step S2 is as follows:
the hydraulic design of the fixed guide vanes adopts the principle of not changing the water flow circulation, so the included angle theta between the water flow speed and the circumferential direction can be calculated by the method (6), in the calculation process, the flow of the unit is calculated by taking half of the flow of the unit assuming that the flow of the upper guide vanes and the lower guide vanes are consistent,
wherein θ is the angle between the water flow speed and the circumferential direction, V r For radial velocity, V u Is the circumferential velocity, wherein,
wherein r is the distance between the point on the guide vane bone line and the center line of the water turbine, and the k value is calculated by the speed moment of the volute inlet section.
3. The design method of the water diversion and water diversion mechanism of the water turbine with the ultra-high water head and the ultra-high capacity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific implementation method of the step S3 is as follows:
hydraulic design of movable guide vanes, which assumes that the guide vane outlet velocity moment is equal to the runner inlet velocity moment, solves the guide vane rated opening setting angle alpha according to a water turbine basic equation (7) 0 The design flow of the movable guide vane is half of the flow of the unit in accordance with the assumption of the fixed guide vane,
wherein r is 2 -wheel exit radius; a is that 2 -turbine runner outlet flow area; omega-rotation angular velocity; h r -nominal head; h, guide vane height; beta 2 -wheel outlet setting angle; η (eta) h -hydraulic turbine unit efficiencyA rate; g-gravitational acceleration;
diameter D of movable guide vane distribution circle 0 Determined by formula (8):
d in 1 Is the outer diameter of the rotating wheel;
vane chord length L g Determined by (9)
Z in 0 Is the number of guide leaves;
and according to the guide vane setting angle, the distribution circle diameter and the guide vane chord length parameters, the hydraulic design of the movable guide vane can be completed.
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| JP2001295791A (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2001-10-26 | Ebara Corp | Volute pump |
| CN103180569B (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2015-09-23 | 博格华纳公司 | There is the reduced form variable geometry turbocharger of the range of flow of increase |
| CN102032217B (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-05-30 | 中国农业大学 | Method for optimizing dummy plate of double-volute type double-suction pump and product produced with same |
| CN106570263A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-04-19 | 浙江工业大学之江学院 | Double-volute hydraulic design method based on RSM model |
| CN107299914B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-05-24 | 江苏国泉泵业制造有限公司 | A kind of submersible sewage pump double volute pump body and design method |
| CN215292600U (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-12-24 | 博格华纳公司 | Inlet channel system and blade ring |
| CN113107743B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-07-15 | 清华大学 | Method for adjusting axial water thrust of high-head water pump turbine |
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