CN115012911A - Device and method for accurately positioning motor parameters of upper dead point and lower dead point of beam-pumping unit - Google Patents
Device and method for accurately positioning motor parameters of upper dead point and lower dead point of beam-pumping unit Download PDFInfo
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- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/008—Monitoring of down-hole pump systems, e.g. for the detection of "pumped-off" conditions
- E21B47/009—Monitoring of walking-beam pump systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of pumping units, in particular to a device and a method for accurately positioning motor parameters of upper and lower dead points of a beam-pumping unit. Including the three-phase electric parameter collection module who gathers the motor input power of beam-pumping unit for gather the rotational speed monitoring devices of the real-time rotational speed of motor of beam-pumping unit, and be used for gathering the crank fixed point trigger and the calculation module of horse head hanging point: the rotating speed monitoring device and the crank fixed point trigger are electrically connected with the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module, and the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module is electrically connected with the calculation module; the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module, the rotating speed monitoring device and the crank fixed point trigger are used for acquiring electric parameters, and the electric parameters are relatively stable and are not easy to make mistakes; the accurate positions of the upper dead point and the lower dead point are automatically searched by utilizing an upper dead point and lower dead point searching algorithm, and the problem that the trigger with the fixed point of the crank is difficult to install is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pumping units, in particular to a device and a method for accurately positioning motor parameters of upper and lower dead points of a beam-pumping unit.
Background
The indicator diagram is the first-hand important data in the production process of the pumping well, is a closed curve formed by taking the displacement of a suspension point as an abscissa and the load of the suspension point as an ordinate in a stroke cycle, and contains a large amount of useful information of the oil well. The working conditions of the oil well, such as dozens of working conditions of pump clamping, insufficient liquid supply, broken and broken sucker rod, valve leakage, gas influence, cylinder removal, wax deposition and the like can be judged through the indicator diagram, and parameters such as stroke loss, load utilization rate of the oil pumping unit, liquid production capacity of the oil well, water content, working fluid level and the like can be analyzed.
The manner of obtaining the indicator diagram of the oil pumping unit can be divided into two categories: the other type is a direct mode, and the typical mode is that a displacement or angle sensor is used for acquiring the displacement of a polished rod, a load sensor is used for acquiring the load on a rope hanger, and the displacement and the load are in one-to-one correspondence; the other mode is an indirect mode, namely the displacement and the load of the polished rod of the oil pumping unit are calculated through electric parameters of the motor, such as parameters of power, rotating speed, torque and the like, and by combining a physical model of the oil pumping unit.
Compared with the direct mode, the indirect mode has the advantages of simple and convenient installation, low cost, convenient maintenance and the like, but the calculation difficulty is increased. One of the difficulties is that the indicator diagram reflects the periodic change of the polished rod from the bottom dead center to the top dead center and then to the bottom dead center, so that the electrical parameter needs to be divided into periodic sequences according to the stroke times of the pumping unit, and the accurate positions of the top dead center and the bottom dead center in the period can be given. At present, the common practice is to install the crank fixing point trigger at the bottom dead center position, generally by installing the crank fixing point trigger after a worker visually inspects the bottom dead center position, and the like, and the bottom dead center position is inaccurate due to the mode. In addition, during actual operation, the crank fixing point trigger is installed at the crank position corresponding to the top dead center, so that the operation is more operable. Therefore, a method is needed to simplify the installation of the trigger with fixed crank point, so that the trigger with fixed crank point can be installed at any position to accurately position the electrical parameter parameters corresponding to the upper dead point and the lower dead point.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for accurately positioning motor parameters of upper and lower dead points of a beam pumping unit.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a device of accurate definite beam-pumping unit upper and lower dead point motor parameter, is including the three-phase electric parameter collection module that is used for gathering the motor parameter of beam-pumping unit for gather the rotational speed monitoring devices of the real-time rotational speed of motor of beam-pumping unit, and be used for gathering the crank fixed point trigger and the calculation module of horse head hanging point: the rotating speed monitoring device and the crank fixed point trigger are both electrically connected with the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module, and the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module is electrically connected with the calculation module.
The rotating speed monitoring device is a rotating speed sensor or a rotating speed estimator.
The computing module is an edge computing module which is connected with the oil well database through gateway equipment.
The edge computing module is also connected with an upper computer through gateway equipment.
The three-phase electric parameter acquisition module is installed at the input end of the motor of the oil pumping unit.
The trigger for the fixed point of the crank comprises magnetic steel, a proximity switch and a transmission module, wherein the magnetic steel is adsorbed on a crank shaft of the oil pumping unit. The rotating track of the sensor can pass through the sensing surface of the proximity switch, and the proximity switch collects a bottom dead center position signal and sends the bottom dead center position signal to the edge calculation module through the transmission module.
A method for accurately positioning the motor parameters of the upper dead point and the lower dead point of a beam pumping unit comprises the following steps: step 1: a motor rotating speed sensor acquires the real-time rotating speed of a motor of the pumping unit; step 2: the crank fixed point trigger collects the position of a fixed point in one stroke of the pumping unit; and step 3: a motor rotating speed sensor sends the real-time rotating speed of a motor, and a crank fixed point trigger sends a fixed point position to a three-phase electric parameter acquisition module; and 4, step 4: the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module acquires electric parameter data of the input end of the motor of the oil pumping unit in each sampling time interval, and each piece of electric parameter data comprises A-phase current I A Phase B current I B Phase I of current C C Phase of voltage U of A phase A Phase of voltage U of B phase B Phase C voltage U C Active power P of the motor and the rotating speed N of the motor; the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module sends electric parameter data of the input end of the motor to the edge calculation module; and 5: manually inputting data of the pumping unit, or acquiring the data of the pumping unit from a database; step 6: calculating the motor according to the active power and the rotating speed of the motor obtained in the step 4The torque of (d); and 7: and calculating motor parameters of the bottom dead center and the top dead center through the torque and the fixed point position of the motor for multiple times according to a physical model for calculating the motor parameters of the top dead center and the bottom dead center.
The physical model for calculating the motor parameters of the upper dead point and the lower dead point comprises the following steps: step a, the torque of the motor at other moments except the moments positioned at the upper dead point and the lower dead point is related to the suspension point load; since the suspension point load changes in each cycle, the minimum change can be the position of the top dead center or the bottom dead center by analyzing the change of the motor torque in time sequence; the A-phase current I in each sampling time interval is converted into the A-phase current I A Phase B current I B Phase C current I C Phase of voltage U of A phase A Phase of voltage U of B phase B Phase U of C phase voltage C Active power P of motor, rotating speed N of motor according to torque formula M m When the torque of the motor is 9550P/N, the torque M of the motor can be calculated through the active power, the rotating speed and the efficiency of the motor m Dividing the trigger point of the crank fixed point trigger, and setting the divided motor torque data as follows:
…
wherein M is m Representing motor torque, q representing the number of samples in a cycle, and p representing the number of samples participating in training; now estimate the bottom dead center to be within the positions in one cycle sequence (1 to q), set the sampling position of the bottom dead center at { id } b ∈Z|s≤id b T } in the range of ≦ t; wherein Z represents an integer field, under the assumption that the crank moves at a constant speed, the position of the top dead center is the position of the bottom dead center, the top dead center is deviated backwards, and the top dead center is the public of the top dead centerFormula 1: Δ u ═ q · (θ) t -θ b ) /(2 π). Wherein, theta t Representing the corresponding crank angle when the horse head of the oil pumping unit reaches the top dead center; theta b Representing the corresponding crank angle when the horse head of the pumping unit reaches the bottom dead center;
step b: the change of the motor torque at the upper dead point and the lower dead point is minimum, so that the variance of the motor torque at the upper dead point and the lower dead point is minimum; using the variance equation:
wherein
Equation 2 can be listed:
s.t. s≤j≤t，j∈Z
solving the formula 2 to obtain the sequence number id of the bottom dead center b (ii) a Obtaining the motor torque corresponding to the bottom dead center in each period, and simultaneously obtaining the A-phase current I corresponding to the bottom dead center in each period A Phase B current I B Phase C current I C Phase of voltage U of A phase A Phase of voltage U of B phase B Phase U of C phase voltage C 。
Step c: b, dividing the motor torque data again according to the bottom dead center serial number obtained in the step b, and enabling the initial value to be the torque of the motor at the bottom dead center; after re-segmentation, setting the motor torque serial number corresponding to the bottom dead center in the new cycle sequence as 1; the torque number corresponding to the top dead center is 1+ Δ u.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the electric parameter is obtained through the electric parameter acquisition module, the rotating speed sensor, the crank fixed point trigger and the edge calculation module, and the electric parameter is relatively stable and is not easy to make mistakes; the positions of the upper dead point and the lower dead point are automatically searched by utilizing an upper dead point and lower dead point searching algorithm, and the problem that the trigger with the fixed point of the crank is difficult to install is solved.
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The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Wherein: FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pumping unit model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structural principle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
the device comprises a three-phase electric parameter acquisition module 1, an upper computer 2, an edge calculation module 3, a rotating speed monitoring device 4 and a crank fixed point trigger 5.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the device for accurately determining the parameters of the upper dead point and the lower dead point of the beam pumping unit comprises a three-phase electric parameter acquisition module 1 for acquiring the parameters of the motor of the beam pumping unit, a rotating speed monitoring device 4 for acquiring the real-time rotating speed of the motor of the beam pumping unit, a crank fixed point trigger 5 for acquiring a horse head suspension point and a calculation module: the rotating speed monitoring device and the crank fixed point trigger are both electrically connected with the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module, and the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module is electrically connected with the calculation module.
The rotating speed monitoring device is a motor rotating speed sensor or a rotating speed estimator. The rotating speed sensor is arranged near a rotating shaft of the motor and aims to collect rotating speed information of the motor. Typically, the sensor is a Hall proximity switch rotating speed sensor, which is composed of two parts, namely a magnetic steel and a proximity switch. The magnet steel adsorbs in the motor shaft, and proximity switch is in a fixed position, and as the magnet steel along with the rotatory round of pivot, can trigger proximity switch once. The time difference between two times of triggering of the proximity switch is the period of the motor rotation. The proximity switch is electrically connected with the computing module and transmits the trigger signal to the computing module for processing. The rotational speed estimator is a software module, and is generally built in the frequency converter.
The computing module is an edge computing module 3 which establishes connection with the oil well database through gateway equipment.
The edge computing module is also connected with the upper computer 2 through gateway equipment.
The three-phase electric parameter acquisition module is installed at the input end of the motor of the oil pumping unit.
The trigger for the fixed point of the crank comprises magnetic steel, a proximity switch and a transmission module, wherein the magnetic steel is adsorbed on a crank shaft of the oil pumping unit. The rotating track of the sensor can pass through the sensing surface of the proximity switch, and the proximity switch collects a bottom dead center position signal and sends the bottom dead center position signal to the edge calculation module through the transmission module.
A method for accurately positioning the motor parameters of the upper dead point and the lower dead point of a beam pumping unit comprises the following steps: step 1: a motor rotating speed sensor acquires the real-time rotating speed of a motor of the pumping unit; step 2: the crank fixed point trigger collects the position of a fixed point in one stroke of the pumping unit; and step 3: a motor rotating speed sensor sends the real-time rotating speed of a motor, and a crank fixed point trigger sends a fixed point position to a three-phase electric parameter acquisition module; and 4, step 4: the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module acquires electric parameter data of the input end of the motor of the oil pumping unit in each sampling time interval, and each piece of electric parameter data comprises A-phase current I A Phase B current I B Phase I of current C C Phase of voltage U of A phase A Phase of voltage U of B phase B Phase C voltage U C Active power P of the motor and the rotating speed N of the motor; the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module sends electric parameter data of the input end of the motor to the edge calculation module; and 5: manually inputting data of the pumping unit, or acquiring the data of the pumping unit from a database; step 6: calculating the torque of the motor according to the active power and the rotating speed of the motor obtained in the step 4; and 7: and calculating motor parameters of the bottom dead center and the top dead center through the torque and the fixed point position of the motor for multiple times according to a physical model for calculating the motor parameters of the top dead center and the bottom dead center.
From crankshaft torque equation 1:
due to the fact that
Is a function of θ, which is defined as equation 2:
where Δ θ is the change in crank angle, Δ S is the change in suspension point position, v r Is the linear velocity of the suspension point, ω c Is the crank angular velocity; since the linear velocity of the suspension point is 0 at the top dead center or the bottom dead center, the torque factor corresponding to the top dead center and the bottom dead center is zero, and equation 3 is obtained:
wherein, theta t The angle of the crank when the horse head is at the top dead center is represented, and the value is a fixed value for a fixed beam pumping unit; theta b Represents the angle of the mule head crank at bottom dead center, which is a fixed value for a fixed beam pumping unit.
Substituting equation 2 into equation 1 yields equation 4 at bottom dead center:
M t +M cmax sin(θ t +τ)＝0，
and equation 5 at top dead center: m b +M cmax sin(θ b +τ)＝0
The crankshaft torque is obtained by the motor torque through the transmission mechanism, i.e. equation 6:
M＝η m ·r·(M m -M m0 ) Wherein eta m For motor efficiency, it can be obtained directly from the motor manufacturer, r is the transmission ratio, M m For motor torque, M m0 Idling torque of the motor;
substituting equation 6 into equation 4 yields equation 7:
substituting equation 6 into equation 5 yields equation 8:
due to η therein m 、τ、M m0 、M cmax Are constant and are therefore at top and bottom dead center
Fixed and constant, and motor torque M m M at other times than at top and bottom dead center m Is associated with a suspension point load W; since the load of the suspension point changes in each period, the time sequence can be analyzed by M m Is the position of the top dead center or the bottom dead center when the change is the minimum; dividing the motor torque in each sampling time interval according to the trigger point of the crank fixed point trigger, and setting the divided motor torque data as follows:
…
wherein M is m Representing motor torque, q representing the number of sampling points in one period, and p representing that p periods are sampled together; each sequence represents the sampled motor torque values from the time the proximity switch is activated until the next proximity switch activation. The calculation formula of the motor torque value is M m 9550P/N, wherein P is the active power of the motor acquired by the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module, and N is the rotating speed of the motor acquired by the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module; crank armThe fixed point trigger corresponds to one crank rotation between two triggers. Estimating the sampling position of the bottom dead center at { id by the position relation between a crank fixed point trigger installed on site and the bottom dead center b ∈Z|s≤id b T } in the range of ≦ t; wherein Z represents an integer domain, and under the assumption that the crank moves at a constant speed, the position of the top dead center is the position of the bottom dead center, which is shifted backwards, and equation 9 of the top dead center is calculated: Δ u ═ q · (θ) t -θ b )/(2π)
Since the change in the motor torque at the top and bottom dead centers is minimum, it can be seen that the variance of the motor torque at the top and bottom dead centers is minimum. Thus according to equation 8 and in combination with the variance equations commonly used in computer programming such as:
s.t. s≤j≤t，j∈Z
because j is a finite integer, the sequence number id of the bottom dead center can be obtained by an exhaustion method b (ii) a Obtaining the motor torque corresponding to the bottom dead center in each period, and simultaneously obtaining the A-phase current I corresponding to the bottom dead center in each period A Phase B current I B Phase I of current C C Phase of voltage U of A phase A Phase of voltage U of B phase B Phase C voltage U C . And c, dividing the motor torque data again according to the bottom dead center serial number obtained in the step b, so that the initial value is the torque of the motor at the bottom dead center. After the segmentation is carried out again, the torque serial number of the motor corresponding to the bottom dead center is 1; the torque number corresponding to the top dead center is 1+ Δ u.
Theta of equation 9 b The solving formula of (2):
θ t the solving formula of (2):
wherein R is the crank radius, P is the connecting rod length, A is walking beam forearm length, C is walking beam trailing arm length, I is the horizontal distance between walking beam support center and the crank rotation center, h is the vertical distance between walking beam support center and the crank rotation center, K is the distance between walking beam support center and the crank rotation center, S is the distance between walking beam support center and the connecting rod axle.
Example 1: according to the stroke number N of the pumping unit s (the unit is 'number of strokes per minute', the value of which is related to the rotational speed N of the crank c The unit is the same as "turns per minute"), the sampling interval is set as:
the unit is seconds. Thus, 250 points are sampled for each stroke. Sampling is started from the trigger of the crank fixed point trigger, and 10000 points are sampled after 40 cycles. In this case, q is 250, p is 40:
…
after the crank passes through the trigger of the fixed point of the crank, the crank rotates about 10 degrees to reach the bottom dead center. Since one sampling point corresponds to 360/250 ≈ 1.44 °, about 7 points (10/1.44 ≈ 6.94) at 10 ° may be taken { id { b ∈Z|4≤id b If the value is less than or equal to 10, the value can be {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 }. Let the loss function be f (j) as:
values of f (4), f (5), f (6), f (7), f (8), f (9), and f (10) are calculated, respectively. And taking the corresponding j when the minimum value is obtained, namely the sequence number corresponding to the bottom dead center in each period is as follows: id b . The corresponding serial number of the top dead center in each period is id b + Δ u; according to the obtained serial numbers corresponding to the upper dead point and the lower dead point, the motor torque corresponding to the serial number of the lower dead point in each period can be obtained
Meanwhile, the phase A current corresponding to the bottom dead center in each period can be obtained
Phase B current
C-phase current
Phase voltage of A
B phase voltage
C phase voltage
Thus, the motor parameters are divided into cycles again by positioning the positions of the top and bottom dead centers.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a device of accurate definite beam-pumping unit upper and lower dead point motor parameter, is including the three-phase electric parameter collection module that is used for gathering the motor parameter of beam-pumping unit for gather the rotational speed monitoring devices of the real-time rotational speed of motor of beam-pumping unit, and be used for gathering the crank fixed point trigger and the calculation module of horse head hanging point: the rotating speed monitoring device and the crank fixed point trigger are both electrically connected with the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module, and the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module is electrically connected with the calculation module.
2. The device for accurately determining the parameters of the upper dead center and the lower dead center of the beam-pumping unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed monitoring device is a rotation speed sensor or a rotation speed estimator.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the computing module is an edge computing module that establishes a connection with a well database through a gateway device.
4. The device for accurately determining the parameters of the upper dead center and the lower dead center of the beam-pumping unit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the edge calculation module is further connected with the upper computer through a gateway device.
5. The device for accurately determining the motor parameters of the upper dead point and the lower dead point of the beam pumping unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module is installed at the input end of the motor of the beam pumping unit.
6. The device for accurately determining the parameters of the upper dead point and the lower dead point of the beam pumping unit according to claim 1, wherein the crank fixing point trigger comprises magnetic steel, a proximity switch and a transmission module, the magnetic steel is adsorbed on a crank shaft of the beam pumping unit, the rotating track of the magnetic steel can pass through an induction surface of the proximity switch, and the proximity switch acquires a position signal of the lower dead point and transmits the position signal to the edge calculation module through the transmission module.
7. A method for accurately positioning the motor parameters of the upper dead point and the lower dead point of a beam pumping unit comprises the following steps: step 1: a motor rotating speed sensor acquires the real-time rotating speed of a motor of the pumping unit; step 2: the crank fixed point trigger collects the position of a fixed point in one stroke of the pumping unit; and 3, step 3: a motor rotating speed sensor sends the real-time rotating speed of a motor, and a crank fixed point trigger sends a fixed point position to a three-phase electric parameter acquisition module; and 4, step 4: the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module acquires electric parameter data of the input end of the motor of the oil pumping unit in each sampling time interval, wherein each piece of electric parameter data comprises A-phase current, B-phase current, C-phase current, A-phase voltage, B-phase voltage, C-phase voltage, active power of the motor and rotating speed of the motor; the three-phase electric parameter acquisition module sends electric parameter data of the input end of the motor to the edge calculation module; and 5: manually inputting data of the pumping unit, or acquiring the data of the pumping unit from a database; step 6: calculating the torque of the motor according to the active power and the rotating speed of the motor obtained in the step 4; and 7: and calculating motor parameters of the bottom dead center and the top dead center through the torque and the fixed point position of the motor for multiple times according to a physical model for calculating the motor parameters of the top dead center and the bottom dead center.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the physical model of the top and bottom dead center motor parameters comprises the following steps:
step a: dividing the phase A current, the phase B current, the phase C current, the phase A voltage, the phase B voltage, the phase C voltage and the motor torque in each sampling time interval according to a period, and setting the divided motor torque data as follows:
…
wherein M is m Representing motor torque, q representing the number of samples in a cycle, and p representing the number of samples participating in training; now, the bottom dead center is estimated to be within the positions in one cycle sequence (1 to q), and the sampling position of the bottom dead center is set to { id } b ∈Z|s≤id b T } in the range of ≦ t; wherein Z represents an integer domain, and under the assumption that the crank moves at a uniform speed, the position of the top dead center is the position of the bottom dead center, which is shifted backwards, and equation 1 for calculating the top dead center is as follows: Δ u ═ q · (θ) t -θ b ) /(2 π); wherein, theta t Representing the corresponding crank angle when the horse head of the oil pumping unit reaches the top dead center; theta b The corresponding crank angle is shown when the horse head of the oil pumping unit reaches the bottom dead center;
step b: the change of the motor torque at the upper dead point and the lower dead point is minimum, so that the variance of the motor torque at the upper dead point and the lower dead point is minimum; using the variance equation:
wherein
Equation 2 can be listed:
s.t.s≤j≤t
solving the formula 2, the serial number of the bottom dead center can be obtained as id b (ii) a And obtaining the motor torque corresponding to the bottom dead center in each period, and simultaneously obtaining the phase A current, the phase B current, the phase C current, the phase A voltage, the phase B voltage and the phase C voltage corresponding to the bottom dead center in each period.
Step c: b, dividing the motor torque data again according to the bottom dead center sequence number obtained in the step b; after re-segmentation, setting the motor torque serial number corresponding to the bottom dead center in the new cycle sequence as 1; the torque number corresponding to the top dead center is 1+ Δ u.
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| CN112943221A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Test device and method for indirectly obtaining indicator diagram |
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2022
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| CN107687333A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2018-02-13 | 哈尔滨斯特凯峰电子有限公司 | A kind of determination method of oil pumping machine crank and well head suspension point running position track |
| CN107725031A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-23 | 东北大学 | A kind of indicator card harvester and method based on electrical power and counterweight |
| CN112943221A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Test device and method for indirectly obtaining indicator diagram |
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