CN110094194B - Method for calculating oil well liquid production by electric indicator diagram - Google Patents

Method for calculating oil well liquid production by electric indicator diagram Download PDF

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CN110094194B
CN110094194B CN201810077769.1A CN201810077769A CN110094194B CN 110094194 B CN110094194 B CN 110094194B CN 201810077769 A CN201810077769 A CN 201810077769A CN 110094194 B CN110094194 B CN 110094194B
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diagram
electric
signal
frequency signal
stroke
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CN110094194A (en
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王增林
贾庆升
张雷
姜东�
肖姝
杜玮暄
周娜
杭发琴
贺启强
张方圆
周宏斌
肖萍
高综启
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Shengli Co
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Shengli Co
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/008Monitoring of down-hole pump systems, e.g. for the detection of "pumped-off" conditions
    • E21B47/009Monitoring of walking-beam pump systems
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/04Measuring depth or liquid level
    • E21B47/047Liquid level
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation

Abstract

The invention provides a method for calculating the liquid yield of an oil well by using an electric diagram, which comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining an effective electric indicator diagram of an oil pumping well; step 2, performing data time domain analysis on the electric indicator diagram of the pumping well by adopting a wavelet transform signal separation algorithm; step 3, calculating the effective stroke of the plunger by combining the kinematic analysis of the suspension point of the pumping unit; and 4, calculating the liquid production amount. The method for calculating the oil well liquid production capacity by using the electric diagram adopts the electric diagram data to calculate the liquid production capacity, the data acquisition is accurate, the operation is simple, the electric diagram is analyzed by using a wavelet transform signal separation algorithm, the position of the plunger colliding with the liquid level is judged and identified through the electric diagram, the effective stroke of the plunger is determined, the effective stroke measurement precision is improved, and the liquid production capacity calculation precision is improved.

Description

Method for calculating oil well liquid production by electric indicator diagram
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil field development, in particular to a method for calculating the liquid production amount of an oil well by using an electric diagram.
Background
With the development of oil fields, oil well yield metering technology with high automation degree and strong real-time property is increasingly required. The original oil well yield measurement mainly conveys oil of each well to a measuring station for centralized measurement, has the defects of multiple application devices, complex process flow and large investment, and cannot meet the requirements of digitization, informatization, automation and the like of an oil field. In recent years, with the further development of the technology for calculating the oil well yield by using the indicator diagram, the indicator diagram oil measuring technology is gradually applied, wherein the indicator diagram on the ground is converted into an indicator diagram of a downhole pump by a dynamic model of a rod pumping system, so that the effective stroke of a plunger is determined to convert the liquid production at a wellhead. The following problems are also exposed during field use: firstly, the measurement error of the indicator diagram liquid measuring mode is large under the influence of viscosity, pump hanging depth and gas-liquid ratio; secondly, the indicator diagram test sensor drifts after long-time operation, the reliability is poor, and the accuracy of working condition information acquisition is influenced, so that the metering precision is influenced. Therefore, a new method for calculating the liquid production of the oil well by using the electric diagram is invented, and the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the liquid yield of an oil well by using an electric diagram, which judges and identifies the position of the plunger colliding with the liquid level through the electric diagram, determines the effective stroke of the plunger, and improves the measurement precision of the effective stroke so as to improve the calculation precision of the liquid yield.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the method for calculating the liquid production of the oil well by using the electric diagram comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining an effective electric indicator diagram of an oil pumping well; step 2, performing data time domain analysis on the electric indicator diagram of the pumping well by adopting a wavelet transform signal separation algorithm; step 3, calculating the effective stroke of the plunger by combining the kinematic analysis of the suspension point of the pumping unit; and 4, calculating the liquid production amount.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
in step 1, current and voltage parameters of the motor are collected in real time, a probability matrix decomposition filtering algorithm is adopted to preprocess singular values of data, noise is suppressed or eliminated, and an effective electric indicator diagram of the oil pumping well is obtained.
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
a, normalizing the electric indicator diagram of the pumping well to obtain a normalized original signal electric indicator diagram;
b, analyzing and processing the electric work diagram data by applying a wavelet transform signal separation algorithm, separating the original signal electric work diagram into a low-frequency signal and a medium-high frequency signal by performing multi-level wavelet signal separation, and acquiring a low-frequency signal diagram containing the sucker rod vibration signal after the multi-level wavelet signal separation and a sucker rod vibration signal diagram after the multi-level wavelet signal separation;
and c, analyzing a low-frequency signal diagram of the sucker rod vibration signal and a sucker rod vibration signal diagram to obtain the time occupied by the effective liquid drainage process and the time occupied by the down stroke process.
In the step b, the original signal electric diagram is separated by a first-order wavelet signal to obtain a first-order low-frequency signal and a first-order medium-high frequency signal, then the first-order low-frequency signal is subjected to wavelet signal separation to obtain a second-order low-frequency signal and a second-order medium-high frequency signal, then the second-order low-frequency signal is subjected to wavelet signal separation to obtain a third-order low-frequency signal and a third-order medium-high frequency signal, the vibration amplitude value in the third-order medium-high frequency signal is analyzed, and the low-frequency signal diagram containing the sucker rod vibration signal after the multi-order wavelet signal separation and the sucker rod vibration signal diagram after the multi-order wavelet signal separation are obtained by combining the inherent characteristics of the sucker rod.
In step 3, the calculation formula of one period T of the electrical diagram is as follows:
T=Ki (1)
in the formula, K is the number of sampling points in one period, i is the sampling interval, and the sampling interval of the electric parameter acquisition module applied in the field is 0.2 s;
after the crank is assumed to rotate at a uniform speed, the crank rotates for a circle to complete one stroke, namely:
Figure BDA0001559848250000021
in the formula: w is the angular velocity of the crank;
the geometrical relationship of the four-bar linkage mechanism of the beam-pumping unit is as follows:
Figure BDA0001559848250000022
Figure BDA0001559848250000023
θ2=2π-θ+α (5)
Figure BDA0001559848250000024
Figure BDA0001559848250000031
Figure BDA0001559848250000032
Figure BDA0001559848250000033
Figure BDA0001559848250000034
when the following dead point is a displacement zero point and the upward direction is a positive direction of the displacement, the suspension point displacement pr (t) at any time t is:
Figure BDA0001559848250000035
according to the motion law of suspension point of beam-pumping unit, effective stroke SpeCan be calculated from the following formula:
Spe=PR(tDG)-PR(tFG) (12)
wherein R is the crank radius, m; p is the length of the connecting rod, m; c is the length of the rear arm of the walking beam, m; a is the length of the front arm of the walking beam, m; i is the horizontal projection of the base rod, m; h is the height from the center of the bracket bearing to the center of the output shaft of the reduction gearbox, m; for each positive direction of angle, the following is specified: the crank angle theta is counted from the 12 o' clock position and takes a positive value in the clockwise direction, and theta is wt; k is the distance between the walking beam shaft and the crank shaft, m; alpha is an included angle formed by a connecting line of the crank shaft at the 12 o' clock position and the crank shaft of the walking beam shaft; l is the distance between the walking beam shaft and the connecting rod shaft, m; beta is an included angle formed by a connecting line of the beam shaft crankshaft and a connecting line of the beam shaft connecting rod shaft; chi is an included angle formed by the connecting line of the rear arm of the walking beam and the connecting rod shaft of the walking beam shaft; phi is an included angle formed by a connecting line of the rear arm of the walking beam and the crankshaft of the walking beam shaft; psi max is the maximum angle formed by the front arm of the walking beam and the horizontal line at the upper dead point and the lower dead point, tDGTime occupied for the down-stroke process, tFGIs the time occupied by the effective liquid drainage process.
In step 4, the amount of fluid produced in one stroke of the rod-pumped well:
q=π(D/2)2Sper (13)
wherein: q is the amount of liquid produced in one stroke, m3(ii) a D is the pump diameter of the oil well pump, m; speEffective stroke, m; r is an influence factor correction coefficient, and is corrected by calibrating a calculated value and an actually measured value by considering the factors of gas, pump leakage and viscosity.
In step 4, because the data of the electric power diagram are continuously collected in real time, accumulating the liquid amount of each stroke to obtain the accumulated liquid amount, thereby obtaining the daily liquid yield Q of one oil well:
Figure BDA0001559848250000041
wherein: n is total stroke times of the pumping well in one day, and N is stroke times and times/minute.
The method for calculating the oil well liquid production by the electric diagram comprises the steps of acquiring the electric diagram of the oil pumping well by monitoring electric parameters in real time, analyzing and processing data of the electric diagram, identifying and judging the position of a plunger touching the liquid level during the downstroke, determining the effective stroke of the plunger, and introducing influence factor correction coefficients by considering influence factors such as gas, leakage quantity, viscosity and the like to calculate the oil well liquid production. The invention adopts the electric diagram data to calculate the liquid production amount, has accurate data acquisition and simple operation, analyzes the electric diagram by using a wavelet transform signal separation algorithm, judges and identifies the position of the plunger touching the liquid level through the electric diagram, determines the effective stroke of the plunger, and improves the measurement precision of the effective stroke, thereby improving the calculation precision of the liquid production amount.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of an electrical schematic of the method of calculating fluid production from an oil well of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic of a rod pumped well according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating wavelet signal separation analysis of an electrical diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a low frequency signal including sucker rod vibration signals after wavelet signal separation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the sucker rod vibration signals after wavelet signal separation in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a four-bar linkage mechanism of a pumping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for calculating the fluid production of an oil well according to the electrical diagram of the present invention. The method comprises the following steps:
in step 101, firstly, an electrical parameter module in the control cabinet acquires current and voltage parameters of the motor in real time, and a probability Matrix decomposition (pmf) (probabilistic Matrix factorization) filtering algorithm is adopted to preprocess a data singular value, suppress or eliminate noise, and obtain an effective electric diagram of the oil pumping well, as shown in fig. 2.
In step 102, a wavelet transform signal separation algorithm is used for performing data time domain analysis on the electric diagram of the pumping well. Firstly, the electric diagram of the pumping well is normalized to obtain an original signal electric diagram of which the s diagram in figure 3 is normalized. The wavelet transform signal separation algorithm is applied to analyze and process the data of the electrical diagram, and the original signal s diagram of the electrical diagram is subjected to multi-level wavelet signal separation to be separated into low-frequency signals and medium-high frequency signals, for example: the s diagram is subjected to first-order wavelet signal separation to obtain a first-order low-frequency signal a1 and a first-order medium-high frequency signal d1, then the first-order low-frequency signal a1 is subjected to wavelet signal separation to obtain a second-order low-frequency signal a2 and a second-order medium-high frequency signal d2, then the second-order low-frequency signal a2 is subjected to wavelet signal separation to obtain a third-order low-frequency signal a3 and a third-order medium-high frequency signal d3, the vibration amplitude value in the third-order medium-high frequency signal d3 is analyzed, and the fact that d3 represents the sucker rod vibration signal can be judged by combining the inherent characteristics of the sucker rod, and a2 represents an electric diagram signal containing the vibration characteristics of the sucker rod.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a low-frequency signal including a sucker rod vibration signal after multi-level wavelet signal separation, and FIG. 5 is a diagram of a sucker rod vibration signal after multi-level wavelet signal separation, which is analyzed with respect to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. Taking a beam-pumping unit as an example, a DG section in FIG. 4 represents a power curve in the process of downstroke; the DE section represents the power curve of the commutation process at the beginning of the downstroke; the FG section represents the power curve of the effective liquid discharge process in the down stroke; the number of peaks of the electric diagram in a stroke cycle is generally not more than 3, when the working condition is normal and the liquid supply condition is good, the electric diagram is two peaks, the DE section is very short (almost zero), namely, the unloading process is immediately carried out after the reversing is finished. In figure 5, the plunger of the oil pump contacts during the lower strokeThe liquid level leads to the sucker rod to produce the vibration, reflects and shows on the signal curve as the curve and appears sharp change vibration, and this vibration position is the down stroke sucker rod start vibration position, and the plunger bumps liquid level position when judging for the down stroke, and effective flowing back process's the beginning promptly, and the FG section is effective flowing back process. The time t occupied by FG in the effective liquid drainage process is obtained by quantitatively identifying the lower stroke subsection proportionFGAnd the time t occupied by the downlink process DGDG
In step 103, the plunger effective stroke is calculated by combining the kinematic analysis of the suspension point of the pumping unit, and the calculation method is as follows:
the beam-pumping unit is generally driven by a three-phase asynchronous motor or a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the rotating speed of the synchronous motor is only related to the number of pole pairs of the motor and the power frequency and can be regarded as a fixed value. The asynchronous motor is characterized in that the slip ratio is very small along with the change of load, and the motor can also rotate at an approximately constant speed. The electric diagram is calculated as follows in one period T:
T=Ki (1)
in the formula, K is the number of sampling points in one period, and i is the sampling interval. The sampling interval of the electric parameter acquisition module applied in the field is 0.2 s.
After the crank is assumed to rotate at a uniform speed, the crank rotates for a circle to complete one stroke, namely:
Figure BDA0001559848250000061
in the formula: w is the angular velocity of the crank.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a four-bar linkage mechanism of a beam-pumping unit. The geometrical relationship in the figure is as follows:
Figure BDA0001559848250000062
Figure BDA0001559848250000063
θ2=2π-θ+α (5)
at Δ OAO1The method can be obtained by the following steps:
Figure BDA0001559848250000064
Figure BDA0001559848250000065
at Δ ABO1The method can be obtained by the following steps:
Figure BDA0001559848250000066
the following relationship can also be found in fig. 6:
Figure BDA0001559848250000067
Figure BDA0001559848250000068
when the following dead point is a displacement zero point and the upward direction is a positive direction of the displacement, the suspension point displacement pr (t) at any time t is:
Figure BDA0001559848250000069
according to the motion law of suspension point of beam-pumping unit, effective stroke SpeCan be calculated from the following formula:
Spe=PR(tDG)-PR(tFG) (12)
in FIG. 6, R is the crank radius, m; p is the length of the connecting rod, m; c is the length of the rear arm of the walking beam, m; a is the length of the front arm of the walking beam, m; i is the horizontal projection of the base rod, m; h is the height from the center of the support bearing to the center of the output shaft of the reduction gearbox, and m is the height from the center of the support bearing to the center of the output shaft of the reduction gearbox. For each positive direction of angle in the figure, the following is specified: the crank angle theta is counted from the 12 o' clock position and takes a positive value in the clockwise direction, and theta is wt; reference to each rodExamination angle theta2、θ3、θ4The equal angles are all counted from 12 o' clock, and take a positive value along the counterclockwise direction; k is the distance between the walking beam shaft and the crank shaft, m; alpha is an included angle formed by a connecting line of the crank shaft at the 12 o' clock position and the crank shaft of the walking beam shaft; l is the distance between the walking beam shaft and the connecting rod shaft, m; beta is an included angle formed by a connecting line of the beam shaft crankshaft and a connecting line of the beam shaft connecting rod shaft; chi is an included angle formed by the connecting line of the rear arm of the walking beam and the connecting rod shaft of the walking beam shaft; phi is an included angle formed by a connecting line of the rear arm of the walking beam and the crankshaft of the walking beam shaft; psi max is the maximum angle formed by the walking beam forearm and the horizontal line at top and bottom dead center.
In step 104, fluid production calculations:
after the effective stroke is obtained through calculation, the liquid production amount of one stroke of the pumping well can be calculated according to the formula (13):
q=π(D/2)2Sper (13)
wherein: q is the amount of liquid produced in one stroke, m3(ii) a D is the pump diameter of the oil well pump, m; speEffective stroke, m; r is an influence factor correction coefficient, and is corrected by calibrating a calculated value and an actually measured value by considering factors such as gas, pump leakage, viscosity and the like.
Because the data of the electric indicator diagram are continuously collected in real time, the accumulated liquid amount can be obtained by accumulating the liquid amount of each stroke, and the daily liquid yield Q of one oil well can be obtained:
Figure BDA0001559848250000071
wherein: n is total stroke times of the pumping well in one day, and N is stroke times and times/minute.

Claims (2)

1. The method for calculating the liquid production of the oil well by using the electric diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, obtaining an effective electric indicator diagram of an oil pumping well;
step 2, performing data time domain analysis on the electric indicator diagram of the pumping well by adopting a wavelet transform signal separation algorithm;
step 3, calculating the effective stroke of the plunger by combining the kinematic analysis of the suspension point of the pumping unit;
step 4, calculating the liquid production amount;
in the step 1, current and voltage parameters of a motor are collected in real time, a probability matrix decomposition filtering algorithm is adopted to preprocess singular values of data, noise is suppressed or eliminated, and an effective electric indicator diagram of the oil pumping well is obtained;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
a, normalizing the electric indicator diagram of the pumping well to obtain a normalized original signal electric indicator diagram;
b, analyzing and processing the electric work diagram data by applying a wavelet transform signal separation algorithm, separating the original signal electric work diagram into a low-frequency signal and a medium-high frequency signal by performing multi-level wavelet signal separation, and acquiring a low-frequency signal diagram containing the sucker rod vibration signal after the multi-level wavelet signal separation and a sucker rod vibration signal diagram after the multi-level wavelet signal separation;
c, analyzing a low-frequency signal diagram of the sucker rod vibration signal and a sucker rod vibration signal diagram to obtain the time occupied by the effective liquid drainage process and the time occupied by the down stroke process;
in the step b, the original signal electric diagram is separated by a first-order wavelet signal to obtain a first-order low-frequency signal and a first-order medium-high frequency signal, then the first-order low-frequency signal is subjected to wavelet signal separation to obtain a second-order low-frequency signal and a second-order medium-high frequency signal, then the second-order low-frequency signal is subjected to wavelet signal separation to obtain a third-order low-frequency signal and a third-order medium-high frequency signal, the vibration amplitude value in the third-order medium-high frequency signal is analyzed, and the low-frequency signal diagram containing the sucker rod vibration signal after the multi-order wavelet signal separation and the sucker rod vibration signal diagram after the multi-order wavelet signal separation are obtained by combining the inherent characteristics of the sucker rod;
in step 3, the calculation formula of one period T of the electrical diagram is as follows:
T=Ki (1)
in the formula, K is the number of sampling points in one period, i is the sampling interval, and the sampling interval of the electric parameter acquisition module applied in the field is 0.2 s;
after the crank is assumed to rotate at a uniform speed, the crank rotates for a circle to complete one stroke, namely:
Figure FDA0003470175160000021
in the formula: w is the angular velocity of the crank;
the geometrical relationship of the four-bar linkage mechanism of the beam-pumping unit is as follows:
Figure FDA0003470175160000022
Figure FDA0003470175160000023
θ2=2π-θ+α (5)
Figure FDA0003470175160000024
Figure FDA0003470175160000025
Figure FDA0003470175160000026
Figure FDA0003470175160000027
Figure FDA0003470175160000028
when the following dead point is a displacement zero point and the upward direction is a positive direction of the displacement, the suspension point displacement pr (t) at any time t is:
Figure FDA0003470175160000029
according to the motion law of suspension point of beam-pumping unit, effective stroke SpeCan be calculated from the following formula:
Spe=PR(tDG)-PR(tFG) (12)
wherein R is the crank radius, m; p is the length of the connecting rod, m; c is the length of the rear arm of the walking beam, m; a is the length of the front arm of the walking beam, m; i is the horizontal projection of the base rod, m; h is the height from the center of the bracket bearing to the center of the output shaft of the reduction gearbox, m; for each positive direction of angle, the following is specified: the crank angle theta is counted from the 12 o' clock position and takes a positive value in the clockwise direction, and theta is wt; k is the distance between the walking beam shaft and the crank shaft, m; alpha is an included angle formed by a connecting line of the crank shaft at the 12 o' clock position and the crank shaft of the walking beam shaft; l is the distance between the walking beam shaft and the connecting rod shaft, m; beta is an included angle formed by a connecting line of the beam shaft crankshaft and a connecting line of the beam shaft connecting rod shaft; chi is an included angle formed by the connecting line of the rear arm of the walking beam and the connecting rod shaft of the walking beam shaft; phi is an included angle formed by a connecting line of the rear arm of the walking beam and the crankshaft of the walking beam shaft; psi max is the maximum angle formed by the front arm of the walking beam and the horizontal line at the upper dead point and the lower dead point, tDGTime occupied for the down-stroke process, tFGThe time for effective liquid discharge process;
in step 4, the amount of fluid produced in one stroke of the rod-pumped well:
q=π(D/2)2Sper (13)
wherein: q is the amount of liquid produced in one stroke, m3(ii) a D is the pump diameter of the oil well pump, m; speEffective stroke, m; r is an influence factor correction coefficient, and is corrected by calibrating a calculated value and an actually measured value by considering the factors of gas, pump leakage and viscosity.
2. The method for calculating the fluid output of the oil well according to the electric power diagram of claim 1, wherein in step 4, as the data of the electric power diagram are continuously collected in real time, the fluid output of each stroke is accumulated to obtain the accumulated fluid output, so that the daily fluid output Q of one oil well is obtained:
Figure FDA0003470175160000031
wherein: n is total stroke times of the pumping well in one day, and N is stroke times and times/minute.
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