CN115011860A - Refining method of high-carbon ferrochrome - Google Patents
Refining method of high-carbon ferrochrome Download PDFInfo
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- CN115011860A CN115011860A CN202210523012.7A CN202210523012A CN115011860A CN 115011860 A CN115011860 A CN 115011860A CN 202210523012 A CN202210523012 A CN 202210523012A CN 115011860 A CN115011860 A CN 115011860A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
- C22C35/005—Master alloys for iron or steel based on iron, e.g. ferro-alloys
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Abstract
The invention provides a refining method of high-carbon ferrochrome, which relates to an iron alloy technology, wherein common high-carbon ferrochrome is melted into molten alloy, dried chromium powder ore accounting for 4% of the mass of the molten alloy is added into the molten alloy, and the heat is preserved by 10-15 min; lowering the oxygen lance and inserting the molten alloy liquid level for oxygen blowing; adding dried chromium powder ore accounting for 8 percent of the mass of the molten alloy and lime accounting for 6 percent of the mass of the molten alloy into the molten alloy, and continuously adding jigged and recovered ferrochrome alloy particles, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 1500-; adding ferrosilicon into the molten alloy, and preserving heat by 5-10 min; and (4) removing the floating slag on the surface of the molten alloy, and then pouring the molten alloy into an ingot mold to obtain the required high-carbon ferrochrome. The invention uses a top-blown oxygen mode and chromium powder ore as auxiliary materials to prepare high-carbon ferrochromium products with lower Ti, V and Si contents by an external refining mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ferroalloy technology, in particular to a refining method of high-carbon ferrochrome.
Background
The high carbon ferrochrome is a chromium series ferroalloy produced by a submerged arc furnace, wherein the main elements are Cr, Fe and C, and in addition, a small amount of elements such as Si, P, S, Ti, V, Mn and the like are added. The main uses of high carbon ferrochrome include: 1) The method is used for producing stainless steel; 2) as alloying agents for ball bearing steels, tool steels and high speed steels; 3) as an additive for cast iron; 4) it is used as raw material containing chromium for Si-Cr alloy and metal chromium. Different applications have special requirements on high-carbon ferrochrome products, for example, the high-carbon ferrochrome used for producing ball bearing steel has higher requirements on Ti and V contents, wherein Ti exists in the steel in the form of Ti (C, N) compounds, TiN has high melting point and high hardness, and the service life of a bearing is seriously influenced.
The ferrochromium alloy with low impurity element content prepared in the prior art is prepared in a submerged arc furnace. The first method is to select foreign high-quality chromium ore which contains less Ti, V and Si and obtain the target product by a flux method. The raw material of the flux method is ferrochrome lump ore or fine ore, the main equipment is a three-electrode alternating-current submerged arc furnace, coke is used as a reducing agent, and under the coordination of auxiliary materials such as silica, celadon, serpentine and the like, chromium and iron elements in the raw ore are reduced, and the product is high-carbon ferrochrome. But the method can not be popularized, on one hand, the yield of high-quality chromium ore in the world is less and is not easy to obtain; on the other hand, the occurrence amount of the chromium ore in China is extremely low, and the chromium ore is imported for a long time, so that the situation that the cost of raw materials is too high is caused if a large amount of foreign high-quality chromium ore is imported. The second method is to produce high-quality high-carbon ferrochrome alloy by strictly controlling the process conditions and using a submerged arc furnace, which requires stable and accurate proportioning of raw materials fed into the furnace. In addition, the content of impurity elements in the product is also influenced by the slag composition and the power of the electric furnace, and even if the above conditions are well controlled, the smelting result obtained in practice can not always meet the requirements in large-scale production, so that the harsh production method is not suitable for all enterprises.
Therefore, a refining method is urgently needed to obtain high-quality high-carbon ferrochrome alloy under the condition of meeting the production requirements of enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a refining method of high-carbon ferrochrome, which can obtain high-quality high-carbon ferrochrome under the condition of meeting the production requirements of enterprises.
The embodiment of the invention provides a refining method of high-carbon ferrochrome, which comprises the following steps:
melting common high-carbon ferrochrome into a molten alloy, adding dried chromium powder ore accounting for 4% of the mass of the molten alloy into the molten alloy, and preserving heat for 10-15 min;
lowering the oxygen lance, and inserting the molten alloy liquid level to blow oxygen;
adding dried chromium powder ore accounting for 8 percent of the mass of the molten alloy and lime accounting for 6 percent of the mass of the molten alloy into the molten alloy again, and continuously adding jigged and recovered ferrochrome alloy particles, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 1500-;
adding ferrosilicon into the molten alloy, and keeping the temperature for 5-10 min;
and (4) removing the floating slag on the surface of the molten alloy, and then pouring the molten alloy into an ingot mold to obtain the required high-carbon ferrochrome.
Alternatively, in one possible implementation, ordinary high carbon ferrochrome is melted into a molten alloy comprising:
adding common high-carbon ferrochromium into an intermediate frequency furnace, and melting into molten alloy at the temperature of 1500-1600 ℃.
Optionally, in one possible implementation, the chromium ore includes turkey ore or south africa ore.
Optionally, in one possible implementation, the south africa ore comprises the following components in mass fraction ratio:
Cr2O3：40％～43％，SiO2：6％～10％，MgO：11％～14％，Al2O3：12％～15％，Fe： 18％～23％。
optionally, in one possible implementation, the turkey ore comprises the following components in parts by mass:
Cr2O3：40％～43％，SiO2：9％～12％，MgO：19％～22％，Al2O3：7％～10％，Fe： 14％～18％。
optionally, in one possible implementation, inserting molten alloy level oxygen blowing comprises:
the oxygen lance is inserted 200-300mm below the molten alloy liquid level to blow oxygen.
Optionally, in one possible implementation, the oxygen blowing time is 5-10 min.
Optionally, in a possible implementation mode, the oxygen pressure of oxygen blowing is 80N/m3, and the oxygen consumption is 90-110 m3 per ton of ferrochrome.
Alternatively, in one possible implementation, the amount of added jigged recycled ferrochrome particles is 100-.
Alternatively, in one possible implementation, the ferrosilicon is added in an amount of 0.5 to 1% by mass of the molten alloy.
The invention provides a refining method of high-carbon ferrochrome, which prepares a high-carbon ferrochrome product with lower contents of Ti, V and Si in an external refining mode by using a top-blown oxygen mode and adding chromium powder ore as an auxiliary material. In addition, the jigging ferrochromium is added into the alloy liquid as the coolant for the first time, and the product components are not influenced while the refining temperature is controlled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for refining high carbon ferrochrome according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a conventional high-carbon iron composition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the ingredients of a refined product provided by an embodiment of the present invention for embodying the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence numbers of the processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined by the functions and the internal logic of the processes, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be understood that in the present application, "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements explicitly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be understood that, in the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" is merely an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "comprises A, B and C" and "comprises A, B, C" means that all three of A, B, C comprise, "comprises A, B or C" means that one of A, B, C comprises, "comprises A, B and/or C" means that any 1 or any 2 or 3 of A, B, C comprises.
It should be understood that in the present invention, "B corresponding to a", "a corresponds to B", or "B corresponds to a" means that B is associated with a, and B can be determined from a. Determining B from a does not mean determining B from a alone, but may be determined from a and/or other information. And the matching of A and B means that the similarity of A and B is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value.
As used herein, "if" may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection", depending on the context.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with specific examples. The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.
Examples
A refining method of high carbon ferrochrome, referring to figure 1, comprises steps S101-S105, and comprises the following specific steps:
s101, melting common high-carbon ferrochrome into a molten alloy, adding dried chromium powder ore accounting for 4% of the mass of the molten alloy into the molten alloy, and preserving heat for 10-15 min.
It should be noted that the chromium ore powder is added in the method, and the top-blown oxygen in step S102 can be used, so that the impurity elements can be removed more thoroughly, and the refining effect is significant.
In practical application, the ordinary high-carbon ferrochrome is melted into the molten alloy, and the ordinary high-carbon ferrochrome is added into a medium frequency furnace and melted into the molten alloy at the temperature of 1500-1600 ℃, for example, 1500 ℃, 1550 ℃ or 1600 ℃. It can be understood that the equipment of the invention is selected from the medium frequency induction furnace as the external refining equipment of the high carbon ferrochrome furnace, and the equipment converts electric energy into heat energy to melt metal, belonging to clean energy, which is a great advantage compared with the traditional submerged arc furnace.
In some embodiments, the chromium ore includes turkey ore or south african ore. It can be understood that in the scheme, the chromium powder ore can be Turkey ore or south Africa ore.
The Turkey ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr2O 3: 40% -43%, SiO 2: 9% -12%, MgO: 19-22%, Al2O 3: 7% -10%, Fe: 14 to 18 percent. The south African ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr2O 3: 40% -43%, SiO 2: 6-10%, MgO: 11% -14%, Al2O 3: 12% -15%, Fe: 18 to 23 percent.
Wherein, the Turkey mine:
for example, the turkey ore may comprise the following components in parts by mass: cr2O 3: 42.55%, SiO 2: 11.71%, MgO: 20.77%, Al2O 3: 8.17%, Fe: 16.8 percent.
For another example, the turkey ore may comprise the following components in parts by mass: cr2O 3: 42.07%, SiO 2: 10.64%, MgO: 21.53%, Al2O 3: 8.43%, Fe: 17.33 percent.
As another example, the turkey mine may comprise the following components in parts by mass: cr2O 3: 41.44%, SiO 2: 11.24%, MgO: 21.81%, Al2O 3: 9.06%, Fe: 16.45 percent.
South African minerals:
illustratively, the south african ore may include the following components in mass fraction: cr2O 3: 41.71%, SiO 2: 9.68%, MgO: 13.27%, Al2O 3: 13.13%, Fe: 22.21 percent.
As another example, the south african ore may include the following components in mass fraction ratio: cr2O 3: 41.54%, SiO 2: 9.45%, MgO: 13.65%, Al2O 3: 14.35%, Fe: 21.01 percent.
As another example, the south african ore may include the following components in mass fraction ratio: cr2O 3: 42.07%, SiO 2: 8.15%, MgO: 13.66%, Al2O 3: 13.65%, Fe: 22.47 percent.
S102, lowering the oxygen lance, and inserting the molten alloy liquid level for oxygen blowing.
In practical application, the oxygen lance can be inserted into the molten alloy for blowing oxygen 200-300mm below the liquid level, for example, 200mm, 250mm or 300mm below the liquid level.
Wherein, in order to ensure the oxygen blowing effect, the oxygen blowing time is determined to be 5-10min, for example, 5min, 7min or 10 min. In addition, the oxygen pressure of oxygen blowing can be 80N/m3, and the oxygen consumption is 90-110 m3 per ton of ferrochrome.
It can be understood that in the step, oxygen blowing is used for being matched with the chromium powder ore in the step S101, so that impurity elements are removed more completely, and the refining effect is obvious.
S103, adding dried chromium powder ore accounting for 8 percent of the mass of the molten alloy and lime accounting for 6 percent of the mass of the molten alloy into the molten alloy again, and continuously adding jigged and recovered chromium-iron alloy particles, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 1500-1600 ℃.
It can be understood that the step adds the jigging ferrochrome particles in the refining process to replace the conventional coolant, and simultaneously processes a part of jigging ferrochrome with unqualified granularity.
In practice, the amount of the jigged recycled ferrochrome particles added is 100-200 kg/ton of molten alloy, which may be, for example, 100 kg/ton, 150 kg/ton or 200 kg/ton.
The control temperature in this step may be, for example, 1500 ℃, 1550 ℃ or 1600 ℃.
S104, adding ferrosilicon into the molten alloy, preserving the heat for 5-10min to generate chromium and calcium silicate, and removing redundant oxygen in the melt.
It can be understood that the ferrosilicon alloy is added at the refining end point in the step, the chromium oxide in the slag is reduced, the burning loss of chromium element in the oxygen blowing process is compensated, and the chromium content in the product is higher.
Wherein the ferrosilicon is added in an amount of 0.5 to 1% by mass, for example, 0.5%, 0.75% or 1% by mass of the molten alloy. The holding time is, for example, 5min, 7.5min or 10 min.
S105, floating slag on the surface of the molten alloy is scraped out, and then the molten alloy is poured into an ingot mold to obtain the required high-carbon ferrochrome.
To illustrate the effects of the present invention, referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a composition for embodying a general high-carbon ferroalloy according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composition for embodying a refined product according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the present invention prepares a high-carbon ferrochromium product with low Ti, V and Si contents by using top-blown oxygen and adding chromium ore powder for external refining. In addition, the scheme has simple process, is not limited by raw materials and furnace conditions, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A refining method of high-carbon ferrochrome is characterized by comprising the following steps:
melting common high-carbon ferrochrome into a molten alloy, adding dried chromium powder ore accounting for 4% of the mass of the molten alloy into the molten alloy, and preserving heat for 10-15 min;
lowering the oxygen lance and inserting the molten alloy liquid level for oxygen blowing;
adding dried chromium powder ore accounting for 8 percent of the mass of the molten alloy and lime accounting for 6 percent of the mass of the molten alloy into the molten alloy again, and continuously adding jigged and recovered ferrochrome alloy particles, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 1500-;
adding ferrosilicon into the molten alloy, and keeping the temperature for 5-10 min;
and (4) removing the floating slag on the surface of the molten alloy, and then pouring the molten alloy into an ingot mold to obtain the required high-carbon ferrochrome.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein melting ordinary high carbon ferrochrome into a molten alloy comprises:
adding common high-carbon ferrochromium into an intermediate frequency furnace, and melting into molten alloy at the temperature of 1500-.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the chromium ore fines comprise turkey ore or south african ore.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the south African ore comprises the following components in mass fraction:
Cr2O3：40％～43％，SiO2：6％～10％，MgO：11％～14％，Al2O3：12％～15％，Fe：18％～23％。
5. the method according to claim 3, characterized in that the Turkish ore comprises the following components in mass fraction:
Cr2O3：40％～43％，SiO2：9％～12％，MgO：19％～22％，Al2O3：7％～10％，Fe：14％～18％。
6. the method of claim 1, wherein inserting molten alloy level oxygen blows, comprising:
the oxygen lance is inserted into the position 200-300mm below the molten alloy liquid level for oxygen blowing.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the oxygen blowing time is 5-10 min.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the oxygen blowing pressure is 80N/m3, and the oxygen consumption is 90-110 m3 per ton of ferrochrome.
9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the jigging recovered ferrochrome particles are added in an amount of 100-.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the ferrosilicon is added in an amount of 0.5 to 1% by mass of the molten alloy.
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