CN115011273A - 一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜 - Google Patents

一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜 Download PDF

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CN115011273A
CN115011273A CN202210720856.0A CN202210720856A CN115011273A CN 115011273 A CN115011273 A CN 115011273A CN 202210720856 A CN202210720856 A CN 202210720856A CN 115011273 A CN115011273 A CN 115011273A
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雷烜
杨裕禄
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Nantong International Plastic Engineering Co ltd
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Abstract

一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜，包括收缩膜本体，所述收缩膜本体由内到外依次分为自粘热封层、高阻隔层以及外表层。所述自粘热封层由线性低密度聚乙烯、乙烯‑丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯‑α‑辛烯弹性共聚体按比例共混改性制成。所述自粘热封层具有在水温90℃以下、1.5‑5秒可实现自动密封的性能，实现了有效的二次密封，解决了目前肉类收缩包装袋边角处产生的褶皱所导致的毛细吸水效应，最大程度上减少了鲜肉的血水渗出，提高鲜肉质量保质期。

Description

一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜
技术领域
本发明涉及包装技术领域，具体为一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜。
背景技术
传统的热鲜肉生产效率无法满足庞大的城市人口的需求，而集中屠宰、分切包装、冷链运输、超市售卖的冷鲜肉以其量大、效率高、卫生安全的优点逐渐为商家和消费者所接受。包装可以有效的延长冷鲜肉的保质期，使厂商能更弹性、有效率地调整生产和库存。在过去几十年的应用过程中，随着技术的不断创新，冷鲜肉包装已经由原始的塑料包装袋进步到阻隔收缩真空包装袋。其中，阻隔性能可以大幅度的延长保质期，配合必要的加工和储存环境，高阻隔包装可将冷鲜牛、羊、猪肉保质期延长至60-90天。
但是，目前市面上高阻隔收缩膜在真空收缩之后，产生的收缩力将肉制品裹紧，但自粘热封层不能融合在一起，边角处无法贴合产品，依旧存在褶皱，血水依旧沿着褶皱渗出到包装袋的边角处，严重影响了产品的整体外观，影响了肉制品货架寿命，肉类血液渗出减少了产品重量，目前尚未有一款包装袋/膜可以完美解决此问题。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜，包括收缩膜本体，所述收缩膜本体由内到外依次分为自粘热封层、高阻隔层以及外表层。
所述自粘热封层由线性低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-α-辛烯弹性共聚体按比例共混改性制成。改性后的自粘热封层材料在不超过90℃的收缩温度下到达材料低临界热熔温度，浸泡 1.5-5s，受水下压力、热收缩应力及真空包装压差的共同作用，使得贴紧的自粘热封层相互粘连，形成完全贴合被包装物的密封空间。
所述高阻隔层结构包括聚酰胺树脂/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物/聚酰胺树脂复合结构、聚酰胺树脂单层结构、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物单层结构以及聚偏二氯乙烯树脂单层结构。
所述外表层由聚乙烯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1，4-环己烷二甲醇酯中的一种制成。
为了提升收缩膜本体的冲击强度以及透明性，本发明改进有，所述外表层以及高阻隔层之间设置中间层，所述中间层由聚乙烯树脂或丙烯-乙烯共聚物制成。
为了便于将中间层、外表层、高阻隔层以及自粘热封层连接在一起，本发明改进有，所述中间层靠近外表层以及高阻隔层一侧以及自粘热封层与高阻隔层之间分别设置粘合层。
为了便于提升中间层、外表层、高阻隔层以及自粘热封层的连接强度，本发明改进有，所述粘合层由马来酸酐接枝改性共聚物或乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中的一种制成。
为了便于对收缩膜本体进行拿取，本发明改进有，收缩膜本体表面设置防滑纹
本发明进一步提供了一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜的制备步骤，包括：
步骤1、将各功能层的原料依次投入独立的单螺杆挤出机流道中，加热熔融塑化后通过多层模具共挤出型胚；
步骤2、将所述型胚拉伸使用红外法或水浴法进行预加热，预加热温度不超过80℃，型胚温度达到75℃后进行拉伸吹胀制成管膜；
步骤3、所述管膜在收卷前需进行二次吹胀，二次吹胀后的管膜穿过上下贯通的圆柱状加热风室，在高温作用下释放拉伸应力，过风室后由冷风冷却至室温并收卷成膜，或者将所述管膜经由高温及低温辊筒的牵引，高温辊筒加热定型，低温辊筒冷却至室温后收卷成膜。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜，具备以下有益效果：
该具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜，具备优良的阻隔性能，所述阻隔性能在于原料中含有一种或多种阻隔材料，该阻隔材料可以实现对水蒸气、氧气、二氧化碳等气体的阻隔功能，目前，被广泛应用于食品包装的阻隔材料包括尼龙、PE、EVOH、PVDC，其中EVOH和PVDC阻隔性最好，被称为高阻隔材料，阻隔性能可以大幅度的延长肉类保质期，配合必要的加工和储存环境，阻隔包装可将冷鲜猪牛羊肉保质期延长至60-90天。
本发明具备优良的收缩性能，所述收缩性能是指经过双向拉伸的薄膜在高温环境下具备收缩变小的趋势，收缩包装在完成真空包装后，经过高温收缩可以贴合到被包装物的表面，减少了薄膜褶皱产生的毛细吸水现象，可以有效的防止鲜肉的血水渗出。
本发明特别适合“Flovac and form shrink”自动化收缩包装，该包装工艺减少了手动装袋工艺的高污染风险，降低了实际包装成本，并提供包装展示效果。
本发明自粘热封层使用特殊密封材料，使自粘热封层通过真空包装和热水收缩的正常生产过程融合在一起，最大程度的确保密封完整性，同时防止肉类通过真空包装通过热水收缩后出血水现象。这种紧凑包装，不会出现收缩后松弛，延长冷鲜肉货架寿命，保持肉类血液和增加产品重量的经济效益，与标准收缩产品相比，具有明显的优势，在更长的保质期内改进包装外观，能够提供创新的食品包装，最大限度地延长货架寿命和视觉吸引力，可以带来可持续的、长期的商业收益。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明各组分自粘效果示意图；
图中：1、收缩膜本体；2、自粘热封层；3、高阻隔层；4、外表层；5、中间层；6、粘合层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，本发明公开的一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜，在具体实施过程中，可实施为下列十三种层结构：
PA外表层4/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PA外表层4/EVOH阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PE外表层4/第一粘合层/PA阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PET外表层4/第一粘合层/PA阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PE外表层4/第一粘合层/EVOH阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PA外表层4/第一粘合层/EVOH阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PET外表层4/第一粘合层/EVOH阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PE外表层4/第二粘合层/PVDC阻隔层/第二粘合层/自粘热封层2
PE外表层4/第一粘合层/PA阻隔层/EVOH阻隔层/PA阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PA外表层4/第一粘合层/PA阻隔层/EVOH阻隔层/PA阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PET外表层4/第一粘合层/PA阻隔层/EVOH阻隔层/PA阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PA外表层4/第一粘合层/中间层5/第一粘合层/PA阻隔层/EVOH 阻隔层/PA阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
PET外表层4/第一粘合层/中间层5/第一粘合层/PA阻隔层/EVOH 阻隔层/PA阻隔层/第一粘合层/自粘热封层2
在上述层结构中，外表层4具体实施为PE外表层4、PA外表层4、PET 外表层4三种，对应的分别由聚乙烯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯三种树脂材料制成，具有一定的防护作用。
在上述层结构中，阻隔层具体实施为PA阻隔层、EVOH阻隔层、PVDC阻隔层、PA阻隔层/EVOH阻隔层/PA阻隔层四种结构，其中所述PA阻隔层由尼龙PA6和尼龙PA6/66按7∶3的质量比混合制成，EVOH阻隔层由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物制成，PVDC阻隔层由聚偏二氯乙烯树脂制成，所述四种阻隔层结构中以PVDC阻隔层和PA阻隔层/EVOH阻隔层/PA阻隔层两种阻隔效果最佳。
在上述层结构中，粘合层6具体实施为第一粘合层和第二粘合层，分别使用马来酸酐接枝共聚物和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物作为粘接材料，其中第一粘合层所使用的马来酸酐接枝共聚物为尼龙/EVOH材料与表层材料的粘接剂，第二粘合层所使用的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物为PVDC材料与表层PE材料的粘接剂。
在上述层结构中，含有一种中间层5，所述中间层5的两侧通过第一粘合层与外表层4和尼龙阻隔层连接，该中间层5由聚乙烯树脂或丙烯-乙烯共聚物制成，乙烯-丙烯共聚物耐寒性好，冲击强度高，熔点低，透明性好。
本发明中，自粘热封层2的自粘原理在于：改性后的自粘热封层2材料在不超过90℃的收缩温度下到达材料低临界热熔温度，浸泡1.5-5s，受水下压力、热收缩应力及真空包装压差的共同作用，使得贴紧的自粘热封层2相互粘连，形成完全贴合被包装物的密封空间；因此本发明思路可概括为两点：降低自粘热封层2材料熔点与增加自粘热封层2材料粘接性。
本发明中，自粘热封层2所具有的自粘性通过线性低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-α-辛烯弹性共聚体(POE)得以实现；
其中，线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和乙烯-α-辛烯弹性共聚体(POE) 具有较低的熔点，使用这两种材料共混改性可以降低材料整体熔融温度；而乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)为常用的极性高分子材料，常用作粘结材料应用于薄膜加工，使用这两种材料共混改性可以增加材料的粘接性能。
下面通过具体实例阐述各组成材料对产品自粘性能的具体影响，各实例中LLDPE、EAA、EVA、POE各材料的组成成分及制得产品的自粘效果如图2所述，
根据图2试验结果，线性低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-α-辛烯弹性共聚体均具有一定的自粘效果，但是其中以EVA和POE材料共混后制得的自粘热封层2自粘效果最佳。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (5)

1.一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜，包括收缩膜本体(1)，其特征在于：所述收缩膜本体(1)由内到外依次分为自粘热封层(2)、高阻隔层(3)以及外表层(4)；
所述自粘热封层(2)由线性低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-α-辛烯弹性共聚体按比例共混改性制成；
所述外表层(4)由聚乙烯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1，4-环己烷二甲醇酯中的一种制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜，其特征在于：所述外表层(4)以及高阻隔层之间设置中间层(5)，所述中间层(5)由聚乙烯树脂或丙烯-乙烯共聚物制成；
所述高阻隔层(3)结构包括聚酰胺树脂/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物/聚酰胺树脂复合结构、聚酰胺树脂单层结构、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物单层结构以及聚偏二氯乙烯树脂单层结构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜，其特征在于：所述中间层(5)靠近外表层(4)以及高阻隔层一侧以及自粘热封层(2)与高阻隔层(3)之间分别设置粘合层(6)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜，其特征在于：所述粘合层(6)由马来酸酐接枝改性共聚物或乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中的一种制成。
5.一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将各功能层的原料依次投入独立的单螺杆挤出机流道中，加热熔融塑化后通过多层模具共挤出型胚；
步骤2、将所述型胚拉伸使用红外法或水浴法进行预加热，预加热温度不超过80℃，型胚温度达到75℃后进行拉伸吹胀制成管膜；
步骤3、所述管膜在收卷前需进行二次吹胀，二次吹胀后的管膜穿过上下贯通的圆柱状加热风室，在高温作用下释放拉伸应力，过风室后由冷风冷却至室温并收卷成膜，或者将所述管膜经由高温及低温辊筒的牵引，高温辊筒加热定型，低温辊筒冷却至室温后收卷成膜。
CN202210720856.0A 2022-06-24 2022-06-24 一种具有自粘性的多层高阻隔收缩膜 Pending CN115011273A (zh)

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