CN115010287A - Fixed bed up-flow type tail water treatment equipment and aquaculture tail water treatment method - Google Patents
Fixed bed up-flow type tail water treatment equipment and aquaculture tail water treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115010287A CN115010287A CN202111495161.9A CN202111495161A CN115010287A CN 115010287 A CN115010287 A CN 115010287A CN 202111495161 A CN202111495161 A CN 202111495161A CN 115010287 A CN115010287 A CN 115010287A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fixed bed up-flow type tail water treatment device and a treatment method of aquaculture tail water. The invention can deal with the water quality of the complex aquaculture tail water of various aquatic products in a pond aquaculture mode, ensures that the treatment effect reaches or is superior to that of the traditional process, saves the occupied area of a tail water treatment area and improves the aeration and oxygenation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fixed bed upflow type tail water treatment device and aquaculture tail water, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture tail water treatment.
Background
Jiangsu province starts to implement the discharge standard of tail water of pond culture in 2021, 8 months and 1 day. The comparative analysis shows that compared with the industry standard of the discharge requirement of fresh water pond culture water, the indexes of the pond culture tail water discharge standard in Jiangsu province are totally strict in the industry standard, for example, the minimum requirement (less than or equal to 6 mg/L) of the total nitrogen limit value of a fresh water receiving water area is more strict than the pollutant discharge standard (less than or equal to 20 mg/L) of a municipal sewage treatment plant, the requirement is the most strict in all industries, and the limit values of all levels such as suspended matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and the like are strict in the industry standard.
Before the issuance and implementation of new standards, the tail water discharge of pond culture in Jiangsu province is mainly subject to the requirements of fresh water pond culture water discharge and seawater culture tail water discharge, and the main treatment processes comprise physical purification methods (precipitation, microfilters and the like), chemical purification methods (flocculation precipitation, ozone oxidation and the like), biological purification methods (biological filters, artificial wetlands and the like) and combination methods (membrane bioreactor method, process method of three ponds and two dams) and the like. The physical method only has the effect of removing large-particle suspended matters within a certain concentration range, and hardly has the effect of removing soluble colloid, nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances. Chemical methods and the like consume much energy and are easy to generate secondary pollution. The biological method is greatly influenced by external conditions and is unstable in operation. Among the combined methods, the Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) method has a good treatment effect, but has the problems of high operational maintenance technical threshold, high operation cost and large equipment investment. Currently, a three-pond two-dam combined process is widely used in the field of aquaculture tail water treatment, the main flow is 'ecological ditch → sedimentation tank → filtration dam → aeration tank → filtration dam → ecological purification tank', and the process can be designed according to factors such as aquaculture species, aquaculture density, yield, drainage hydraulic retention time and the like according to local conditions; however, the technology of three ponds and two dams occupies about 10% of the whole culture area (sedimentation tank: aeration tank: ecological purification tank =4:3: 4), the production economy of the culture water surface is reduced, particularly, the occupied area of the technology needs to be further increased when the technology faces to the stricter tail water discharge standard of Jiangsu province, the requirements on external natural environment and process parameters (hydraulic load, water depth, hydraulic retention time and the like) are higher, and the treatment effect and the engineering cost of the technology of three ponds and two dams can be directly influenced by the adjustment and the change of relevant environmental factors and key process parameters, so that the construction and treatment cost is increased.
Besides treatment of the aquaculture tail water, the aquaculture water quality is managed and improved so as to improve the growth and health level of aquaculture objects, and the aquaculture tail water treatment method is also a requirement and trend for green development of aquaculture industry. The oxygenation technology can increase the dissolved oxygen degree of a water body and improve the water quality, however, the problems of high energy consumption, poor operation stability, low oxygenation efficiency and the like generally exist in the conventional oxygenation equipment. In addition, the traditional aquaculture equipment has low intelligent degree and lacks information acquisition means, and has a great gap between intelligent management and production requirements, so that the intelligent management of aquaculture is urgently needed to be realized through accurate detection of water quality parameters, reliable transmission of data and intelligent processing of information.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fixed bed up-flow type tail water treatment device, which solves the technical defects that in the prior art, when aquaculture tail water is treated, an oxygen increasing device generally has high energy consumption, poor operation stability and low oxygen increasing efficiency, and large granular substances with larger particles and slower moving speed in the tail water are removed.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a fixed bed upflow tail water treatment equipment, which comprises a shell and a filter structure, the filter structure sets up in the casing, the water inlet has been seted up to the bottom of casing is used for filling pending tail water into the casing, the upper portion of casing has been seted up the delivery port and is used for discharging the tail water after the processing, pending tail water fills the casing and flows upward and discharges from the delivery port after filter structure filters from the water inlet, it is provided with tubular aerator to be used for oxygenating in pending filterable tail water to lie in the below of filter structure in the casing, it is provided with a plurality of jet aerator to be used for oxygenating in the tail water after filtering to lie in the top of filter structure in the casing. The invention adopts two-stage oxygenation measures, the first stage adopts a low-flow tubular aerator to carry out pre-oxygenation, the second stage adopts a high-flow jet aerator to carry out oxygenation process reinforcement, and under the condition that the oxygenation concentration in a water body is the same, the energy consumption of the two-stage oxygenation system is obviously lower than that of the tubular aerator and the jet aerator which are only used; the invention adopts the tail water inflow form, can remove large granular substances with slow movement rate due to larger particles in the culture tail water inflow process, adapts to a one-machine one-pool mode applied to different pond culture scenes, can realize standard discharge of the pond culture tail water, and has the advantages of small floor area and high treatment efficiency.
As a further improvement of the invention, the device also comprises a disc type nozzle water distributor which is arranged in the shell and is positioned below the tubular aerator, the disc type nozzle water distributor comprises a water distribution plate and a plurality of nozzles, the water distribution plate is horizontally arranged, a plurality of mounting holes which penetrate through the water distribution plate are formed in the water distribution plate, the nozzles are mounted on the mounting holes, and tail water below the water distribution plate is sprayed above the water distribution plate through the nozzles. The disk nozzle water distributor enables water distribution to be more uniform under the working condition of up-flow water inlet, the flow distribution of tail water is stable, and oxygen dissolved in the tail water in the shell is uniform.
As a further improvement of the invention, the tubular aerator comprises a main pipe, a plurality of supporting pipes and an aeration pipe, wherein one end of the main pipe extends out of the shell and is used for introducing compressed air, one ends of the plurality of supporting pipes are communicated with the main pipe, vent holes are formed in the supporting pipes in the radial direction, a plurality of micropores are formed in the aeration pipe in the radial direction, the aeration pipe is sleeved on the supporting pipes, and the compressed air in the main pipe enters the supporting pipes, enters between the aeration pipe and the supporting pipes through the vent holes and then is dissolved in tail water through the micropores in the aeration pipe. The main pipe is connected with the plurality of supporting pipes, the distribution of gas in the shell is uniform through the distribution of the aeration pipes, and the uniformity of oxygen dissolved in tail water in the shell is further improved.
As a further improvement of the invention, more than one groove is concavely formed in the outer surface of the supporting pipe, the length direction of the groove is the same as that of the supporting pipe, a partition plate is arranged at one end, close to the main pipe, in the supporting pipe, a vent hole is arranged between the partition plate and the main pipe, and the vent hole is formed in the groove. The distance that the baffle in the stay tube blockked the air and flowed in the stay tube makes the air get into in the recess through the air vent to flow along the length direction of stay tube in the recess, because the space size between recess and aeration pipe is less than the space size in the stay tube, increase the pressure of air between stay tube and aeration pipe, improve the aeration effect.
As a further improvement of the invention, a supporting plate is arranged at the upper part in the shell, the jet aerator is arranged on the supporting plate, a water inlet interface of the jet aerator downwards penetrates through the supporting plate, tail water below the supporting plate enters the jet aerator from the water inlet interface under upward pressure, an air inlet pipe is arranged above the supporting plate, one end of the air inlet pipe extends out of the shell and is used for introducing compressed air, the air inlet interface of the jet aerator is communicated with the air inlet pipe, and the air is dissolved into the tail water in the jet aerator and is sprayed out from a nozzle of the jet aerator. The backup pad is used for preventing filterable tail water flow to upwards flowing, makes in the tail water can only flow upward the incident flow aerator through the water inlet interface of jet aerator under ascending pressure, mixes with the compressed air that gets into in the jet aerator by the intake pipe to from the nozzle blowout of jet aerator, avoid the tail water to bypass jet aerator upward flow, the further volume of dissolved oxygen in the improvement tail water.
As a further improvement of the invention, the upper part of the shell is provided with a drainage system, the drainage system comprises a drainage pipe and a drainage tray, the drainage tray is fixed at the uppermost part in the shell through a support member, the diameter of the upper end of the drainage tray is larger than that of the lower end, the bottom of the drainage tray is communicated with the drainage pipe, one end of the drainage pipe extends out of the shell through a water outlet, and tail water in the shell flows into the drainage tray when reaching the upper end edge of the drainage tray and is drained out of the shell through the drainage pipe. The treated tail water flows upwards to enter the drain pipe, and because the pressure is generated by the upward flow of the tail water on the lower surface of the drain disc, the tail water positioned above the drain disc is not subjected to the upward thrust generated by the upward flow of the tail water, so that the treated tail water naturally flows downwards due to stress and is finally discharged out of the shell from the drain pipe.
As a further improvement of the invention, the filtering structure comprises a first filtering unit, a second filtering unit, a third filtering unit, a fourth filtering unit, a filtering screen, a first filtering unit, a second filtering unit, a third filtering unit and a fourth filtering unit which are arranged from bottom to top, wherein the first filtering unit comprises a first bearing screen and gravels, the aperture of the screen holes on the first bearing screen is smaller than the width of the gravels, the gravels are arranged on the first bearing screen, the second filtering unit comprises a second bearing screen and coarse sand, the screen holes on the second bearing screen are smaller than the width of the coarse sand, the coarse sand is arranged on the second bearing screen, the third filtering unit comprises a third bearing screen and fine sand, the third bearing screen is arranged above the second filtering unit, the aperture of the screen holes on the third bearing screen is smaller than the width of the fine sand, the fourth filtering unit comprises a fourth bearing screen and a mixed adsorbent, the fourth bearing screen is arranged above the third filtering unit and used for separating fine sand from mixed adsorbent, the mixed adsorbent comprises zeolite molecular sieve and activated carbon, the activated carbon is filled in the zeolite molecular sieve, and the filtering screen is arranged above the fourth filtering unit and used for preventing the activated carbon of the fourth filtering unit from flowing upwards along with tail water. The gravel in the first filter unit carries out physical filtration to bigger granule in the tail water, the great granule of filtering, the coarse sand of second filter unit continues to carry out physical filtration and physical adsorption to the tail water of having got rid of bigger granule, further granule in the filtration tail water, the useful fine sand of third filter unit is further to carry out physical filtration and physical adsorption to the tail water, further improvement tail water filtration treatment's quality, zeolite molecular sieve and active carbon are adopted to the fourth filter unit, will carry out physical filtration and physical adsorption again to the tail water that has filtered for the cubic, and carry out chemical adsorption to the tail water, the filter effect who further improves the tail water is.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water quality monitoring device also comprises a water quality monitoring instrument, wherein water quality monitoring probes are arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet, and the water quality monitoring instrument is connected with the water quality monitoring probes and is used for displaying water quality data at the water inlet and the water outlet. The water quality detection probe is used for detecting the water quality at the water inlet and the water outlet and displaying the water quality on the water quality detection instrument, and can adjust the speed of filling the tail water to be treated into the shell according to the water quality at the water inlet and the water outlet, and timely add bait and improve microbial inoculum to the mouth of the pond so as to improve the water quality in the pond.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating tail water from aquaculture, which uses a fixed bed upflow tail water treatment device, comprising the steps of, step 1, connecting a drain pipe at the upper part of a housing to an ecological pond or an aquaculture pond by using a pipeline, and connecting a water inlet at the lower part of the housing to the aquaculture pond by using a pipeline provided with a water pump.
And 2, starting a water suction pump to suck the aquaculture tail water into the shell from a water inlet at the bottom of the shell, and simultaneously starting a tubular aerator to pre-oxygenate the aquaculture tail water at the bottom of the shell.
And 3, starting the jet aerator, and after the aquaculture tail water flows upwards in the shell and is filtered and treated by the filtering structure, performing enhanced oxygenation on the aquaculture tail water at the upper part of the shell by the jet aerator.
And 4, enabling the aquaculture tail water after the two times of oxygenation and filtration to flow upwards until the liquid level is flush with the top of the drainage tray, and discharging the treated aquaculture tail water out of the shell to the ecological pool or the aquaculture pond through the drainage pipe.
And 5, after the steps 2 to 4 are continued for a period of time, stopping pumping the aquaculture tail water into the shell, and flushing the filtering structure in the shell.
And 6, after the filtering structure is washed, repeating the steps 1 to 4, and continuously treating the aquaculture tail water.
The invention is based on a multistage high-efficiency filtering structure integrating three mechanisms of physical filtration, physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and the like, and can realize that the removal rate of suspended substances after the treatment of the culture tail water reaches more than 90%, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand reaches more than 50%, and the removal rate of total phosphorus and total nitrogen reaches more than 25%.
As a further improvement of the invention, step 5 comprises, step 5.1, closing the water outlet, and filling clear water into the housing from the water inlet to fill the housing with clear water.
And 5.2, opening the tubular aerator and the jet aerator, and adjusting the aeration rate of the tubular aerator and the jet aerator to be twice of the normal aeration rate.
And 5.3, stopping the tubular aerator and the jet aerator, opening the water inlet, and discharging water in the shell from the bottom of the shell.
And 5.4, repeating the steps 5.1 to 5.3 for two to three times.
After the device is used for a long time, the purpose of flushing is achieved by increasing the aeration flow of the tubular aerator, so that on one hand, the quality of aquaculture tail water treatment is improved, on the other hand, the device is prevented from being blocked by long-time use, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can deal with the water quality of the complex aquaculture tail water of various aquatic species in a pond aquaculture mode (comprising the modes of a single pond, a connected pond, an industrialized closed aquaculture water body and the like), ensure that the treatment effect reaches or is superior to the traditional process, simultaneously save the occupied area of a tail water treatment area and improve the aeration and oxygenation efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the pipe aerator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an axial sectional view of the support tube and the aeration tube according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a radial cross-sectional view of the support tube and the aeration tube of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 7 of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a housing; 2. a filter structure; 3. a water inlet; 4. a water outlet; 5. a tubular aerator; 6. a jet aerator; 7. a disk nozzle water distributor; 8. a water distribution plate; 9. a nozzle; 10. mounting holes; 11. a main tube; 12. supporting a tube; 13. an aeration pipe; 14. a vent hole; 15. a groove; 16. a partition plate; 17. a support plate; 19. an aeration nozzle; 20. a drain pipe; 21. a drain pan; 22. a first filter unit; 23. a second filtering unit; 24. filtering the screen; 25. a first load-bearing screen; 26. a second load-bearing screen; 27. a third filtering unit; 28. a third load-bearing screen; 29. a fourth filter unit; 30. a fourth load bearing screen; 31. a water quality detection instrument; 32. a water quality detection probe; 33. the unit is intelligently controlled.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the fixed bed upflow type tail water treatment equipment comprises a shell 1 and a filter structure 2, wherein the cross section of the shell 1 is circular, the filter structure 2 is arranged in the shell 1 and used for filtering particles and suspended matters in the tail water, the bottom of the shell 1 is provided with a water inlet 3 for filling the tail water to be treated into the shell 1, the fixed bed upflow type tail water treatment equipment can be connected with a pond for aquaculture by adopting a pipeline when in use, a water pump is arranged on the pipeline and directly pumps the aquaculture tail water in the pond into the shell 1, the upper part of the shell 1 is provided with a water outlet 4 for discharging the treated tail water, the water outlet 4 in the embodiment can be connected with the ecological pond by adopting a pipeline to discharge the treated tail water into the ecological pond, when the pond aquaculture tail water is treated, the tail water to be treated is filled into the shell 1 from the water inlet 3 and flows upwards to flow through the filter structure 2 and then is discharged from the water outlet 4, in the embodiment, a tubular aerator 5 is arranged in the housing 1 below the filtering structure 2 for oxygenating tail water to be filtered, a plurality of jet aerators 6 are arranged in the housing 1 above the filtering structure 2 for oxygenating the filtered tail water, and a vent valve is arranged at the water inlet 3 at the bottom of the housing 1, and when the embodiment is cleaned, the vent valve can be opened to discharge the cleaned water from the bottom of the housing 1.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the pipe aerator 5 of the present embodiment includes a main pipe 11, a plurality of supporting pipes 12 and an aeration pipe 13, one end of the main pipe 11 extends out of the housing 1 for introducing compressed air, one end of the plurality of supporting pipes 12 is connected and communicated with the main pipe 11, the supporting pipe 12 of the present embodiment is made of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene, the aeration pipe 13 is made of rubber or silica gel, the supporting pipe 12 is radially provided with a plurality of air vents 14, the aeration pipe 13 is radially provided with a plurality of micropores with a diameter of 1 to 2mm, the aeration pipe 13 is sleeved on the supporting pipe 12 and both ends thereof are fixed to the supporting pipe 12, after the compressed air in the main pipe 11 enters the supporting pipe 12, enters between the aeration pipe 13 and the supporting pipe 12 through the vent hole 14, and is divided into air bubbles with the diameter of 0.8-1.5 mm by micropores on the aeration pipe 13 to be dissolved in the tail water so as to improve the oxygen content in the tail water. In the present embodiment, more than one groove 15 is concavely formed in the outer surface of the support tube 12, the length direction of the groove 15 is the same as the length direction of the support tube 12, a partition plate 16 is arranged at one end of the support tube 12 close to the main tube 11, a vent 14 is arranged between the partition plate 16 and the main tube 11, the vent 14 is arranged in the groove 15, preferably, two grooves 15 are arranged on each support tube 12 in the present embodiment, two grooves 15 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the support tube 12, because the clapboard 16 is arranged in the supporting tube 12, the gas blocked by the clapboard 16 enters the groove 15 through the vent holes 14, flows along the length direction of the groove 15 and then is discharged from the micro-holes in the radial direction to generate air bubbles to be dissolved in tail water, in this embodiment, it is preferable that an annular protrusion is provided at each of both ends of the outer surface of the support tube 12, and after the aeration tube 13 is fitted over the support tube 12, the protrusions on the support tube 12 axially limit the aerator pipe 12 to fix the aerator pipe 12. In the present embodiment, the support tube 12 is symmetrically disposed on the left side of the main tube 11, wherein the support tube 12 can be detachably mounted on the main tube 11 by using a hoop or can be directly welded on the main tube 11.
In the embodiment, under the aims of reducing energy consumption and improving efficiency, the tubular aerator 5 and the jet aerator 6 are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part in the shell 1, and oxygen can be filled into tail water in stages; the embodiment is through the gas-liquid mass transfer effect of aerator, with the air-gas income discharge tail water in, the aeration tank in the fungible traditional handicraft when realizing high-efficient oxygenation, and the embodiment can also be through high-efficient oxygenation effect quickening dissolubility organic matter decomposition and ammonia loss, improves the quality of water of whole water effectively, has especially solved the problem that the water bottom oxygen content that traditional oxygenation machinery was neglected is scarce, makes water bottom oxygen content increase. In the present embodiment, when in use, a metal bracket is provided for supporting the housing 1 to fix the present embodiment in a use state, the shape of the bracket is not limited, and the housing 1 can be supported and fixed.
Example 2
The present embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1, and compared with embodiment 1, the present embodiment has a disk-type nozzle water distributor 7 disposed in the casing 1, and the disk-type nozzle water distributor 7 is located below the pipe aerator 5, wherein: the disk-type nozzle water distributor 7 comprises a water distribution plate 8 and a plurality of nozzles 9, the water distribution plate 8 is horizontally arranged, the water distribution plate 8 is a circular plate, the edge of the water distribution plate 8 is fixedly connected with the inner surface of the shell 1, if the edge of the water distribution plate 8 is welded and fixed with the inner surface of the shell 1, a plurality of mounting holes 10 penetrating through the upper part and the lower part of the water distribution plate 8 are formed in the water distribution plate 8, the mounting holes 10 are annularly distributed, the aperture ratio of the water distribution plate 8 is 30-60%, the nozzles 9 are mounted on the mounting holes 10, the mounting holes 10 in the embodiment are uniformly distributed in the water distribution plate 8, tail water below the water distribution plate 8 is sprayed to the upper part of the water distribution plate 8 through the nozzles 9 due to upward pressure, and therefore uniform water distribution and stable flow distribution are achieved under an upflow water inlet working condition. The structure of the rest of the present embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and embodiment 1 may be specifically referred to, and details are not repeated in this embodiment.
Example 3
The embodiment is a further improvement of embodiment 2, compared with embodiment 2, in this embodiment, a supporting plate 17 is arranged at the upper part in the housing 1, where the supporting plate 17 is a circular plate, aerator mounting holes with the number equal to that of the jet aerators 6 are formed in the supporting plate 17, the jet aerators 6 are mounted on the supporting plate 17, water inlet ports of the jet aerators 6 penetrate the supporting plate 17 downwards from the aerator mounting holes and are sealed with the aerator mounting holes, for example, the jet aerators 6 are in threaded fit with the aerator mounting holes, etc., tail water below the supporting plate 17 enters the jet aerators 6 from the water inlet ports under upward pressure, an air inlet pipe 18 is arranged above the supporting plate 17, one end of the air inlet pipe 18 extends out of the housing 1 for introducing compressed air, in this embodiment, an air compressor is preferably connected to one end of the air inlet pipe 18 extending out of the housing 1, and air inlet ports of all the jet aerators 6 are communicated with the air inlet pipe 18, the air dissolves in the tail water in the jet aerator 6 and is ejected from the aeration nozzles 19 of the jet aerator 6. The structure of the rest of the present embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 2, and embodiment 2 may be specifically referred to, and details are not repeated in this embodiment.
Example 4
This embodiment is a further improvement of embodiment 3, and in this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 3, a drainage system is arranged on the upper portion of the casing 1, the drainage system includes a drainage pipe 20 and a drainage tray 21, the drainage tray 21 is fixed on the uppermost portion in the casing 1 through a support member (for example, a plurality of support rods are used to connect with the inner surface of the casing 1, and the like, which is not shown in the figure), the diameter of the upper end of the drainage tray 21 is larger than that of the lower end to form an inverted cone, the bottom of the drainage tray 21 is communicated with the drainage pipe 20, one end of the drainage pipe 20 extends to the outside of the casing 1 through the water outlet 4, the drainage pipe 20 in this embodiment is L-shaped, the horizontal portion of the drainage pipe 20 extends out of the casing 1 through the water outlet 4, the vertical portion of the drainage pipe 20 is located in the casing 1 and the top end thereof is communicated with the bottom end of the drainage pipe 21, when the tail water level in the casing 1 reaches the upper end edge of the drainage tray 21, and is discharged out of the casing 1 through the drain pipe 20, wherein the height of the drain pan 21 is greater than that of the drain pipe 20 in the present embodiment, and the treated tail water can be directly discharged out of the drain pipe 20 by the action of gravity after entering the drain pipe 20. The structure of the rest of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3, and the description of this embodiment is omitted.
Example 5
This embodiment is an optimization of the part of the filter structure 2 based on embodiment 4, the filter structure 2 in this embodiment includes a first filter unit 22, a second filter unit 23, a third filter unit 27, a fourth filter unit 29 and a filter screen 24 stacked from bottom to top, the bottom end of the second filter unit 23 is connected to the first filter unit 22, the bottom end of the third filter unit 27 is connected to the top of the second filter unit 23, the bottom end of the fourth filter unit 29 is connected to the top of the third filter unit 27, the first filter unit 22 includes a first carrier screen 25 and gravel, the aperture of the mesh on the first carrier screen 25 is smaller than the width of the gravel, the gravel is disposed on the first carrier screen 25 and does not fall down from the first carrier screen 25, the second filter unit 23 includes a second carrier screen 26 and coarse sand, the mesh on the second carrier screen 26 is smaller than the width of the coarse sand, coarse sand is placed on the second bearing screen 26, the coarse sand and gravel are separated by the second bearing screen 26, the third filtering unit 27 comprises a third bearing screen 28 and fine sand, the third bearing screen 28 is arranged above the second filtering unit 23, the aperture of a sieve hole on the third bearing screen 28 is smaller than the width of fine sand grains, and the filtering screen 24 is arranged above the third filtering unit 27 to separate the coarse sand from the fine sand; the fourth filtering unit 29 includes a fourth carrying screen 30 and a mixed adsorbent, the fourth carrying screen 30 is disposed above the third filtering unit 27 for separating fine sand and the mixed adsorbent, the mixed adsorbent includes a zeolite molecular sieve and activated carbon, the activated carbon is filled in the zeolite molecular sieve, and the filtering screen 24 is disposed above the fourth filtering unit 29.
The embodiment is a multistage high-efficiency filtering structure integrating three mechanisms of physical filtration, physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and the like, the removal rate of suspended matters after treatment of aquaculture tail water can reach more than 90%, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand reaches more than 50%, and the removal rate of total phosphorus and total nitrogen reaches more than 25%, the aperture of a bearing screen in the embodiment is smaller than that of a medium borne above the bearing screen, so that a filter material used for filtering the tail water above the bearing screen can be prevented from falling downwards, the aperture of the bearing screen is not small enough, and obstruction to upward flow of the tail water is avoided, and the height-diameter ratio of a filtering structure 2 in the embodiment is 1: 1.4-1: 1.8.
After the filtration area is saturated, the filtration area can be quickly, energy-saving and efficiently cleaned and regenerated, the filtration layer is flushed by adopting an inflation and air washing mode, residual pollutants in the filtration layer are expanded and discharged by air washing, and the residual pollutants are collectedAnd intensively discharging to an ecological pool. The regeneration and the washing of this embodiment reach the purpose of washing through increasing tubular aerator 5's aeration flow, and during regeneration and washing, earlier add the clear water into the casing and fill up this embodiment, then adjust tubular aerator 5's aeration flow and be 2 times of normal operating mode to add new clear water through disk nozzle water-locator 7, wash 2 ~ 3 times after the open valve of device lower part. In the embodiment, the height-diameter ratio of the shell 1 is 1: 2-1: 3.5; the flow rate of the inflow water of the equipment is 1-2 m/s, and the treatment capacity of the embodiment is 5m 3 H, maximum operating temperature 60 ℃; the cleaning cycle under continuous operation condition (24 h per day) is more than or equal to 15 days, the cleaning time is less than or equal to 30min, and the water consumption during cleaning is less than or equal to 5m 3 Air consumption less than or equal to 6m 3 . The structure of the rest of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 4, and the description of this embodiment is omitted.
Example 6
The embodiment is a further improvement to embodiment 5, compare in embodiment 5, this embodiment is provided with water quality testing instrument 31, all be provided with water quality testing probe 32 in water inlet 3 and delivery port 4 department and be used for detecting the quality of water situation of water inlet 4 and delivery port 4 department respectively, water quality testing instrument 31 is connected with water quality testing probe 32 and is used for showing water inlet 3 and delivery port 4 department water quality data, water quality testing instrument and water quality testing probe 32 are prior art in this embodiment, the structure of the rest of this embodiment is the same with embodiment 5, this embodiment is not repeated.
Example 7
The embodiment is an improvement of the embodiment 6, the embodiment is provided with an intelligent control unit 33 on the basis of the embodiment 6, as shown in fig. 5, wherein the intelligent control unit 33 is electrically connected with a water quality detecting instrument 31, a bait feeding device and a water quality improving microbial inoculum adding device are arranged at the position of an aquaculture pond, according to the water quality condition at the position of a water inlet 4, baits are added into the pond or the improving microbial inoculum is put into the pond timely, the intelligent level of aquaculture is improved, and the intelligent control unit 33 and the control of the baits or the putting of the improving microbial inoculum are the prior art. The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 6, and the description of this embodiment is omitted.
Example 8
The embodiment is an aquaculture tail water treatment method, which adopts the fixed bed upflow tail water treatment equipment in the embodiment 5, and comprises the following steps: step 1, connecting a water discharge pipe 20 at the upper part of a shell 1 to an ecological pool or an aquaculture pond by adopting a pipeline, discharging aquaculture tail water into the ecological pool after treatment or directly discharging the aquaculture tail water into the aquaculture pond for recycling, and connecting a water inlet 3 at the lower part of the shell 1 with the aquaculture pond by adopting a pipeline provided with a water suction pump.
And 2, starting a water pump to pump the aquaculture tail water into the shell 1 from a water inlet 3 at the bottom of the shell 1, uniformly distributing the aquaculture tail water entering the shell 1 at the bottom of the shell 1 through a disc type nozzle water distributor 7 and enabling the aquaculture tail water to flow upwards, simultaneously opening a tubular aerator 5 to pre-oxygenate the aquaculture tail water at the bottom of the shell 1 to increase the oxygen content in the aquaculture tail water, and in the embodiment, introducing high-pressure air into the tubular aerator 5 through an air compressor to achieve pre-oxygenation, continuously pumping the aquaculture tail water into the shell 1 through the bottom of the shell 1 to enable the aquaculture tail water in the shell 1 to flow upwards, wherein the aquaculture tail water passes through a filter structure 2 when flowing upwards, and the filter structure 2 performs physical adsorption and chemical adsorption filtration on the aquaculture tail water.
And 3, starting the jet aerator 6, and after the aquaculture tail water flows upwards in the shell 1 and is filtered and treated by the filtering structure 2, performing enhanced oxygenation on the aquaculture tail water at the upper part of the shell 1 by the jet aerator 6, wherein the jet aerator 6 in the embodiment also adopts an air compressor to provide compressed air, so that the aquaculture tail water is mixed with air, and the oxygen content in the aquaculture tail water is increased.
And 4, enabling the aquaculture tail water after the two times of oxygenation and filtration to flow upwards until the liquid level is flush with the top of the drainage tray 21, enabling the aquaculture tail water to flow into the drainage tray 21 and flow downwards in the drainage tray 21, and discharging the aquaculture tail water after final treatment out of the shell 1 from the drainage pipe 20 to the ecological pool or the aquaculture pond.
And 5, after the steps 2 to 4 are continued for a period of time (generally 15 to 20 days), stopping pumping the aquaculture tail water into the shell 1, and flushing the filtering structure 2 in the shell 1.
And 6, after the filtering structure 2 is washed, repeating the steps 1 to 4, and continuously treating the aquaculture tail water.
And 5.2, opening the tubular aerator 5 and the jet aerator 6, and adjusting the aeration rate of the tubular aerator 5 and the jet aerator 6 to be twice of the normal aeration rate so as to separate the particles adsorbed on the filter structure 2 from the filter structure 2, wherein the aeration rate in the embodiment refers to the amount of air in the air ventilation shell 1 in a period of time.
And 5.3, stopping the tubular aerator 5 and the jet aerator 6, opening the water inlet 3, discharging the water in the shell 1 from the bottom of the shell 1, and simultaneously discharging the particles separated from the filter structure 2 together.
And 5.4, repeating the steps 5.1 to 5.3 for two to three times.
In the embodiment, the water quality detection probe 32 is arranged in the drain pipe 20 at the water outlet 4, when the water quality detection probe 32 detects that the water quality of the treated aquaculture tail water cannot meet the required standard, for example, when the content of total phosphorus, total nitrogen or suspended matters is still higher than the standard requirement or the content of oxygen is lower than the standard requirement, the speed of pumping the aquaculture tail water into the shell 1 is reduced, so that the speed of passing the aquaculture tail water through the filter structure 2 is reduced, the aeration time of the aquaculture tail water is prolonged, the treatment quality of the aquaculture tail water is improved, and the requirements of 'discharge standard of aquaculture tail water' in ponds in Jiangsu province are met.
Parts which are not specifically described in the above description are prior art or can be realized by the prior art. The specific embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the contents of the claims of the present invention should be regarded as the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a fixed bed upflow tail water treatment equipment, includes casing (1) and filtration (2), and filtration (2) set up in casing (1), its characterized in that: the bottom of the shell (1) is provided with a water inlet (3) for filling tail water to be treated into the shell (1), the upper part of the shell (1) is provided with a water outlet (4) for discharging the treated tail water, the tail water to be treated flows into the shell (1) from the water inlet (3) and flows upwards to be filtered by the filtering structure (2) and then is discharged from the water outlet (4), a tubular aerator (5) is arranged below the filtering structure (2) in the shell (1) for oxygenating the tail water to be filtered, and a plurality of jet aerators (6) are arranged above the filtering structure (2) in the shell (1) for oxygenating the filtered tail water.
2. The fixed bed upflow tail water treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the device is characterized by further comprising a disc type nozzle water distributor (7) which is arranged in the shell (1) and is positioned below the tubular aerator (5), wherein the disc type nozzle water distributor (7) comprises a water distribution plate (8) and a plurality of nozzles (9), the water distribution plate (8) is horizontally arranged, a plurality of mounting holes (10) penetrating through the water distribution plate from top to bottom are formed in the water distribution plate, the nozzles (9) are mounted in the mounting holes (10), and tail water below the water distribution plate (8) is sprayed to the top of the water distribution plate (8) through the nozzles (9).
3. The fixed bed upflow tail water treatment equipment as in claim 1, wherein: the tubular aerator (5) comprises a main pipe (11), a plurality of supporting pipes (12) and an aeration pipe (13), wherein one end of the main pipe (11) extends out of the shell (1) and is used for introducing compressed air, one ends of the supporting pipes (12) are communicated with the main pipe (11), vent holes (14) are formed in the supporting pipes (12) along the radial direction, a plurality of micropores are formed in the aeration pipe (13) along the radial direction, the aeration pipe (13) is sleeved on the supporting pipes (12), and after compressed air in the main pipe (11) enters the supporting pipes (12), the compressed air enters the space between the aeration pipe (13) and the supporting pipes (12) through the vent holes (14) and then is dissolved into tail water through the micropores in the aeration pipe (13); the outer surface of the supporting pipe (12) is internally concave to form more than one groove (15), the length direction of the groove (15) is the same as that of the supporting pipe (12), a partition plate (16) is arranged at one end, close to the main pipe (11), in the supporting pipe (12), a vent hole (14) is formed between the partition plate (16) and the main pipe (11), and the vent hole (14) is formed in the groove (15); the upper portion in casing (1) is provided with backup pad (17), jet aerator (6) are installed on backup pad (17), the interface of intaking of jet aerator (6) passes backup pad (17) downwards, the tail water of backup pad (17) below gets into jet aerator (6) by the interface of intaking under ascending pressure, the top of backup pad (17) is provided with intake pipe (18), the one end of intake pipe (18) stretches out casing (1) and is used for letting in compressed air, the interface of admitting air and intake pipe (18) intercommunication of jet aerator (6), the air dissolves in the tail water in jet aerator (6) and is spouted by aeration nozzle (19) of jet aerator (6); the upper portion of casing (1) is provided with drainage system, drainage system includes drain pipe (20) and drain pan (21), the top in casing (1) is fixed through support piece in drain pan (21), the diameter of drain pan (21) upper end is greater than the diameter of lower extreme, the bottom and drain pipe (20) of drain pan (21) communicate with each other, the one end of drain pipe (20) is passed through delivery port (4) and is stretched casing (1) outside, in casing (1) tail water liquid level flow in drain pan (21) when reaching drain pan (21) upper end border, and through drain pipe (20) discharge casing (1).
4. The fixed bed upflow tail water treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the filtering structure (2) comprises a first filtering unit (22), a second filtering unit (23), a third filtering unit (27), a fourth filtering unit (29) and a filtering screen (24), the first filtering unit (22), the second filtering unit (23), the third filtering unit (27) and the fourth filtering unit (29) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the first filtering unit (22) comprises a first bearing screen (25) and gravels, the pore diameters of sieve pores on the first bearing screen (25) are smaller than the width of the gravels, the gravels are arranged on the first bearing screen (25), the second filtering unit (23) comprises a second bearing screen (26) and coarse sand, the sieve pores on the second bearing screen (26) are smaller than the width of the coarse sand, the coarse sand is arranged on the second bearing screen (26), the third filtering unit (27) comprises a third bearing screen (28) and fine sand, and the third bearing screen (28) is arranged above the second filtering unit (23), the aperture of the sieve holes on the third bearing screen (28) is smaller than the width of the fine sand grains, the fourth filtering unit (29) comprises a fourth bearing screen (30) and a mixed adsorbent, the fourth bearing screen (30) is arranged above the third filtering unit (27) and used for separating the fine sand from the mixed adsorbent, the mixed adsorbent comprises a zeolite molecular sieve and activated carbon, the activated carbon is filled in the zeolite molecular sieve, and the filtering screen (24) is arranged above the fourth filtering unit (29) and used for preventing the activated carbon of the fourth filtering unit (29) from flowing upwards along with tail water.
5. The fixed bed upflow tail water treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the water quality monitoring device is characterized by further comprising a water quality detection instrument (31), wherein water quality detection probes (32) are arranged at the water inlet (3) and the water outlet (4), and the water quality detection instrument (31) is connected with the water quality detection probes (32) and is used for displaying water quality data at the water inlet (3) and the water outlet (4).
6. A treatment method of aquaculture tail water is characterized in that: the fixed bed upflow tail water treatment device as described in any of claims 1 to 5 is used, comprising the steps of,
step 1, connecting a drain pipe (20) at the upper part of a shell (1) to an ecological pool or an aquaculture pond by adopting a pipeline, and connecting a water inlet (3) at the lower part of the shell (1) with the aquaculture pond by adopting a pipeline provided with a water pump;
step 2, starting a water suction pump to suck the aquaculture tail water into the shell (1) from a water inlet (3) at the bottom of the shell (1), and simultaneously starting a tubular aerator (5) to pre-oxygenate the aquaculture tail water at the bottom of the shell (1);
step 3, starting the jet aerator (6), and after the aquaculture tail water flows upwards in the shell (1) and is filtered and treated by the filtering structure (2), performing enhanced oxygenation on the aquaculture tail water at the upper part of the shell (1) by the jet aerator (6);
step 4, the aquaculture tail water after two times of oxygenation and filtration flows upwards until the liquid level is flush with the top of the drainage disc (21), and the treated aquaculture tail water is drained out of the shell (1) from the drainage pipe (20) to the ecological pool or the aquaculture pond;
step 5, after the steps 2 to 4 are continued for a period of time, stopping pumping the aquaculture tail water into the shell (1), and flushing the filtering structure (2) in the shell (1);
and 6, after the filtering structure (2) is washed, repeating the steps 1 to 4, and continuously treating the aquaculture tail water.
7. The method for treating aquaculture tail water according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 5 comprises
Step 5.1, closing the water outlet (4), and filling clear water into the shell (1) from the water inlet (3) to fill the shell (1) with the clear water;
step 5.2, opening the tubular aerator (5) and the jet aerator (6), and adjusting the aeration quantity of the tubular aerator (5) and the jet aerator (6) to be twice of the normal aeration quantity;
step 5.3, stopping the tubular aerator (5) and the jet aerator (6), opening the water inlet (3), and discharging water in the shell (1) from the bottom of the shell (1);
and 5.4, repeating the steps 5.1 to 5.3 for two to three times.
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