CN115003437A - Additive manufacturing method of brass component for sanitary fitting - Google Patents

Additive manufacturing method of brass component for sanitary fitting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115003437A
CN115003437A CN202180010185.2A CN202180010185A CN115003437A CN 115003437 A CN115003437 A CN 115003437A CN 202180010185 A CN202180010185 A CN 202180010185A CN 115003437 A CN115003437 A CN 115003437A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
copper
zinc
brass
sanitary fitting
component
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Pending
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CN202180010185.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
卡斯滕·罗马诺夫斯基
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Lixil Corp
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Lixil Corp
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Publication of CN115003437A publication Critical patent/CN115003437A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a brass component (1) of a sanitary fitting (2), comprising at least the following steps: a. providing a material (3) comprising at least zinc and copper in powder form, wherein the mass ratio of zinc to copper is in the range of 0.4 to 0.85, b. building up the component (1) layer by partially melting the material (3) with a laser (4).

Description

Additive manufacturing method of brass component for sanitary fitting
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a brass component of a sanitary fitting, a component of a sanitary fitting manufactured according to the method, and a sanitary fitting having a component manufactured according to the method.
Background
Brass components are generally known, for example brass housings for sanitary fittings. These are typically produced by a casting process. In particular, for sanitary fittings to be integrated into walls, so-called "concealed fittings", dezincification resistance is highly required. Nowadays, dezincification resistance of cast brass fittings is generally achieved mainly by arsenic doping of the crystalline component of alpha brass.
Disclosure of Invention
However, a disadvantage of the known cast fittings is that they are generally limited in their design possibilities. Furthermore, they usually require a relatively large installation space or may be equipped with only relatively few functions per installation volume.
Furthermore, additive manufactured components of sanitary fittings are known. Up to now, additive manufacturing has been mainly used for plastic components. However, a first additive manufacturing method for metal components, in particular brass components, has been proposed. Known additive manufacturing methods for brass components use powders composed of alloys containing substantially equal portions of zinc and copper. Such alloys crystallize to a large extent into β solid solution, so that such alloys generally do not have sufficient dezincification resistance. Thus, known additive manufacturing processes are generally not useful for manufacturing concealed fittings.
Based on this, it is an object of the present disclosure to at least partially solve the problems described in connection with the prior art. In particular, it should be noted a method for manufacturing a brass component of a sanitary fitting, by means of which the component can be designed in as many different ways as possible and/or manufactured as compactly as possible. Furthermore, the component produced by this method should be as resistant to dezincification as possible, so that it can be used in particular for concealed fittings.
These objects are solved by the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous configurations of the solution proposed here are indicated in the dependent claims. It should be noted that features listed individually in the dependent claims may be combined in any technically meaningful way and define further embodiments of the disclosure. Furthermore, the features indicated in the claims are explained and explained in more detail in the description and further preferred embodiments of the disclosure are presented.
A contribution is made to a method for manufacturing a brass component of a sanitary fitting, said method comprising at least the following steps:
a. providing a material comprising at least zinc and copper in powder form, wherein the mass ratio of zinc to copper is in the range of 0.4 to 0.85,
b. the component is built up layer by partially melting the material with a laser.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of an additive manufacturing method; and
fig. 2 illustrates a method for manufacturing a brass component for a sanitary fitting described herein.
Detailed Description
The sequence of steps a, and b (fig. 1) is exemplary and may be run at least once, for example, in a conventional operating procedure. In particular, steps a. and b. may be performed at least partially in parallel or even simultaneously. The method may be used for additive manufacturing of brass components, such as sanitary fittings. In terms of layer-by-layer production of brass components, the method particularly points out a particularly advantageous possibility of providing brass components which are advantageously resistant to dezincification. In particular, the method allows for the first time the advantageous production of dezincification-resistant brass components using additive manufacturing or 3D printing.
The component is built up layer by partially melting the metallic material with a laser. The use of a laser or at least one laser beam advantageously allows that melting can take place as quickly as possible and/or that the material can be heated to a relatively high temperature for melting. This contributes in a particularly advantageous manner to the fact that zinc and copper can be melted in the proportions described as safely as possible and can give rise to the desired properties, in particular advantageous dezincification resistance. In particular, lasers may be used to advantage to produce alloys that are unstable during casting or other melting processes.
Layer-by-layer construction may also be described as forming several layers one upon another, one on top of another, or layer-by-layer. The layers essentially describe a horizontal cross section through the assembly. In partial melting, the powder located within the layer may be locally heated for a long time and/or intensively at a predetermined point at which solidification of the material is to take place, so that the metal powder particles there liquefy (briefly) and thus bond together permanently (or until reheating). The partial melting can advantageously be carried out in the form of 3D printing (in a powder bed) or in the form of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing method (in a powder bed and/or melting with a laser).
Laser sintering and/or laser melting may be performed in step b (fig. 1). The so-called selective laser sintering (SLS for short) is particularly preferred in step b. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing method that produces spatial structures by laser sintering from powdered starting materials. Alternatively or cumulatively, so-called selective laser melting (SLM for short) can be carried out in step b.
The laser power and/or melting temperature and/or exposure time of the laser may be selected and/or controlled in such a way that there is a time sufficient for the different metals to melt mix on the one hand and short enough to avoid segregation as much as possible on the other hand. (maximum) cooling rate may be less than 10 6 K/sec [ Kelvin per second]. The cooling rate may be in the range of 20K/sec to 2000K/sec. As regards the melting temperature, the following ranges are preferred, depending on the metal to be processed: greater than 1100 ℃ for Cu, greater than 450 ℃ for Zn, greater than 1500 ℃ for stainless steel, and greater than 900 ℃ for CuZn. In particular, by means of short melting times, materials with very different melting points can be alloyed together advantageously.
According to one advantageous configuration, it is proposed to form the powder bed in step a (see fig. 1). This allows a particularly simple and controlled supply of material in an advantageous manner. In this case, the bimetallic laser sintering can be carried out in particular in a metal printer with a powder bed.
According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed in step a. In other words, this may be described in particular as providing a powder whose powder particles (already) are formed from or by an alloy comprising at least zinc and copper (brass alloy). The alloy may also comprise selenium and/or lead. In particular, CuZnAs-or CuZnAsPb alloys in powder form can be used.
According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed to produce an alloy comprising at least zinc and copper by alloying in a laser beam in step b. In other words, this can be described in particular in such a way that alloying takes place (only) during layer-by-layer build-up or during selective melting with a laser. Only those parts of the powder that contribute to the construction of the component or are to remain in the component may be selectively alloyed.
In this case, zinc powder and copper powder (separately) (in the proportions described) can be used in particular to form the powder bed. These may be mixed or blended together (physically and/or uniformly) to provide a material or to form a powder bed. Additionally, zinc powder and copper powder may be mixed with arsenic powder and/or lead powder to provide a material or form a powder bed. Zinc powder and/or copper powder that has been at least partially (pre) alloyed or chemically bonded with arsenic and/or lead may (alternatively) be used.
According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed that the material after melting at least predominantly crystallizes into α brass. At least 80% of the material may be crystallized to alpha brass. Alpha brass generally has advantageous dezincification resistance.
According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed that the mass ratio of zinc to copper is 0.52 or more. According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed that the mass ratio of zinc to copper is 0.55 or more. According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed that the mass ratio of zinc to copper is 0.75 or less. According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed that the mass ratio of zinc to copper is 0.7 or less. Within this range, favorable dezincification resistance can be achieved. Further, the zinc to copper mass ratio may be about 0.62. According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed that the zinc to copper mass ratio is 0.6 or less. According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed that the mass ratio of zinc to copper is 0.68 or more. According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed that the zinc to copper mass ratio is 0.76 or more. In this way, a particularly advantageous dezincification resistance can be achieved, in particular without the addition of arsenic and/or lead.
According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed that the material also comprises arsenic (As). By adding (doping) arsenic, alpha brass can be stabilized. The addition of (doped) arsenic may (further) improve the corrosion resistance and/or dezincification resistance. It was determined that the addition of arsenic to alpha brass resulted in improved stability, particularly in terms of (intergranular) corrosion, compared to the addition of As to beta brass. Arsenic may be responsible for binding copper electrons in alpha brass, thus affecting the electrochemical potential of grain boundaries. This can result in improved corrosion resistance of the material, particularly with respect to corrosion when exposed to soft water (e.g., about 50 ℃; about 5 ° dH to 8 ° dH, about 20mg/l chloride) over an extended period of time.
During dezincification, the electrochemically less noble beta phase, which is rich in zinc in the structure, is selectively dissolved, which corresponds to the type of selective corrosion. It is often found here that the liberated copper ions are metally displaced back into the copper-colored (copper-colored) precipitate in the structure. The reason for this is the electrochemically very expensive material properties of copper; the redox potential of the precipitation reaction (copper ions to metallic copper) is higher than that of the surrounding material and is then oxidized, i.e. corroded, accordingly during this reaction. As mentioned above, arsenic can affect the electrochemical potential, thus resulting in improved dezincification resistance.
For example, arsenic may be added to copper and/or zinc during powder production. Arsenic is preferably added to the copper. The mass fraction of arsenic may be, for example, in the range of 0.01% to 0.25%. Preferably, the mass fraction of arsenic may be 0.1 or more. Preferably, the mass fraction of arsenic may be 0.09 or more. Preferably, the mass fraction of arsenic may be 0.19 or less. Preferably, the mass fraction of arsenic may be 0.18% or less. Preferably, the mass fraction of arsenic may be 0.17%.
According to another advantageous configuration, it is proposed that the material also contains lead. If present, lead may be provided, for example, in a mass fraction of 0.01% to 1.5%, preferably 0.1% to 0.3%, in particular about 0.15%. However, it may (alternatively) be provided that the material does not contain lead. In this case, the material may consist of zinc and copper (in the ratios described) or zinc, copper and arsenic.
According to another aspect, an assembly of sanitary fittings is proposed, wherein the assembly is manufactured by the method described herein. For example, the component may be a housing or housing portion of a sanitary fitting.
According to another aspect, a sanitary fitting is also proposed, comprising an assembly manufactured by the method described herein. In this case, the sanitary fitting can also have the components described here. The sanitary fitting can be, for example, a washbasin fitting, a bathtub fitting, a concealed fitting, etc.
The details, features and advantageous designs discussed in connection with the method may also be present in the assembly and/or sanitary fitting presented herein and vice versa. In this regard, reference is made fully to the explanations herein for more detailed characteristic features.
The solution presented here and its technical environment will be explained in more detail below using the figures. It should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited by the illustrated embodiments. In particular, unless explicitly stated otherwise, it is also possible to extract part of the aspects of the fact that are illustrated in the drawings or described in connection with the drawings and to combine them with further components and/or findings from further drawings and/or the present description. Which schematically and schematically show:
fig. 2 shows an exemplary and schematic view of the method described herein for manufacturing a brass component 1 of a sanitary fitting 2. In the method, the material 3 comprising at least zinc and copper is provided in powder form. The mass ratio of zinc to copper is in the range of 0.4 to 0.85. Layer-by-layer building or additive manufacturing of the component 1 is performed by partially melting the material 3 with the laser 4.
The powder bed 5 may be formed to provide a material. Further, an alloy containing at least zinc and copper may be provided in powder form to provide the material.
An alloy comprising at least zinc and copper may be produced during layer build by alloying in a laser beam (as an alternative to being provided as an alloy). After melting, the material may at least predominantly crystallize to α brass.
The mass ratio of zinc to copper may be, for example, in the range of 0.55 to 0.7. In a particularly advantageous arrangement, the zinc to copper mass ratio is about 0.62.
Material 3 may optionally further comprise arsenic. The mass fraction of arsenic may, for example, be in the range from 0.01% to 0.25%, in particular about 0.17%. The material 3 may optionally further comprise lead. Material 3 may optionally further comprise tin.
Accordingly, a method for manufacturing a brass component of a sanitary fitting, a component manufactured by the method, and a sanitary fitting having a component manufactured by the method are indicated, which at least partially solve the problems described in connection with the prior art. Due to the additive manufacturing method, the component can be designed in as many different ways as possible, in particular with a very thin wall thickness, and/or be manufactured as compactly as possible. Furthermore, the component produced by this method can be as resistant as possible to dezincification due to the described material composition, so that it can also be used in particular for concealed fittings.

Claims (14)

1. A method for manufacturing a brass component (1) for a sanitary fitting (2), comprising:
a. providing a material (3) comprising at least zinc and copper in powder form, wherein the mass ratio of zinc to copper is in the range of 0.4 to 0.85,
b. -building up the assembly (1) layer by partially melting the material (3) with a laser (4).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a powder bed (5) is formed in step a.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step a.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an alloy comprising at least zinc and copper is produced in step b.
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the material (3) after melting at least predominantly crystallizes into α -brass.
6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mass ratio of zinc to copper is 0.52 or more.
7. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mass ratio of zinc to copper is 0.55 or more.
8. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mass ratio of zinc to copper is 0.7 or less.
9. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mass ratio of zinc to copper is 0.6 or less.
10. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the material (3) further comprises arsenic.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the mass fraction of arsenic is in the range of 0.01% to 0.25%.
12. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the material (3) further comprises lead.
13. An assembly (1) for a sanitary fitting (2), wherein the assembly (1) is manufactured by a method according to one of the preceding claims.
14. Sanitary fitting (2) comprising an assembly (1) manufactured by a method according to one of claims 1 to 12.
CN202180010185.2A 2020-01-24 2021-01-15 Additive manufacturing method of brass component for sanitary fitting Pending CN115003437A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020101697.2A DE102020101697A1 (en) 2020-01-24 2020-01-24 Process for the additive manufacture of a dezincification-resistant brass component for a sanitary fitting
DE102020101697.2 2020-01-24
PCT/EP2021/050799 WO2021148320A1 (en) 2020-01-24 2021-01-15 Method for the additive manufacture of brass component for a sanitary fitting

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CN115003437A true CN115003437A (en) 2022-09-02

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CA2678074A1 (en) * 2009-08-14 2011-02-14 Modern Islands Co., Ltd. Dezincification-resistant copper alloy and method for producing product comprising the same
CN102400012A (en) * 2011-11-30 2012-04-04 珠海承鸥卫浴用品有限公司 Low-lead corrosion-resistant brass alloy for casting and manufacturing method thereof
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CN104762521A (en) * 2014-01-06 2015-07-08 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 Dezincification corrosion resistance brass for casting and manufacturing method thereof
US20150376736A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2015-12-31 Grohe Ag Copper-zinc alloy for a plumbing fitting and method for the production thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107498045B (en) 2017-08-07 2019-05-14 华南理工大学 A kind of increasing material manufacturing method of the high-strength brass alloys of leadless environment-friendly
DE102017118386A1 (en) * 2017-08-11 2019-02-14 Grohe Ag Copper alloy, use of a copper alloy, sanitary fitting and method of making a sanitary fitting

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2678074A1 (en) * 2009-08-14 2011-02-14 Modern Islands Co., Ltd. Dezincification-resistant copper alloy and method for producing product comprising the same
CN102400012A (en) * 2011-11-30 2012-04-04 珠海承鸥卫浴用品有限公司 Low-lead corrosion-resistant brass alloy for casting and manufacturing method thereof
CN104755197A (en) * 2012-11-01 2015-07-01 通用电气公司 Additive manufacturing method and apparatus
US20150376736A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2015-12-31 Grohe Ag Copper-zinc alloy for a plumbing fitting and method for the production thereof
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