CN115000484B - Fuel cell stack structure - Google Patents
Fuel cell stack structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115000484B CN115000484B CN202210855284.7A CN202210855284A CN115000484B CN 115000484 B CN115000484 B CN 115000484B CN 202210855284 A CN202210855284 A CN 202210855284A CN 115000484 B CN115000484 B CN 115000484B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 97
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 44
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell structures, and provides a fuel cell stack structure.A side surface of a shell component is provided with an internal manifold, so that high-temperature, high-humidity and high-pressure gas containing condensed water respectively enters the internal manifold of the stack structure through an external manifold, the condensed water flows towards the bottom of the internal manifold under the action of gravity and is collected in a water collecting tank at the bottom of the internal manifold, and finally flows to a drain hole to be discharged, so that liquid water is prevented from entering the fuel cell from a flow field inlet; meanwhile, the reaction product water is discharged from a flow field outlet along with the reaction residual air, enters an air internal outlet manifold, flows towards the bottom of the internal manifold together with newly condensed liquid water after encountering the internal manifold with lower temperature, is collected in a water collecting tank, finally flows towards a drain hole and is discharged to the outside of the electric pile, so that the liquid water is prevented from flowing back into the fuel cell from the flow field outlet, the short circuit of the anode and the cathode of the cell caused by the accumulation of condensed water is avoided, and the performance stability of the fuel cell is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell structures, in particular to a fuel cell stack structure.
Background
And conveying corresponding reactants and cooling liquid to flow field inlets corresponding to each single cell respectively through a stack internal manifold formed by assembling a plate internal manifold area, a membrane electrode assembly internal manifold area and a sealing gasket in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. The reactants carry out electrochemical reaction in the flow field area, and reaction products, residual gas and cooling liquid respectively enter corresponding internal manifolds through flow field outlets and finally are discharged out of the electric pile.
When compressed and humidified high-temperature and high-humidity compressed air flows through an external manifold exposed in a normal-temperature environment to enter an internal air inlet manifold of a pile, condensed water generated in the process is inevitably brought into the pile together, and due to the specificity of the internal air inlet manifold structure of the pile (electrode plates, fuel cell assemblies and sealing elements are stacked in a staggered mode to form an internal manifold groove which is connected with a flow field inlet and is usually not provided with other outlets), the condensed water cannot be directly and effectively discharged out of the pile, but enters the flow field inside a single cell together with the compressed air to obstruct the flow and diffusion of reaction gas to form a flooding phenomenon, so that the power generation performance of the single cell is rapidly reduced, and a catalyst carbon carrier is consumed by a reaction to cause irreversible damage to a catalyst layer.
Further, the gaseous water and liquid water generated by the reaction enter the internal manifold with lower temperature along with the residual gas of the reaction, more liquid water is condensed, and the liquid water is discharged from the flow field to the internal air outlet manifold of the electric pile through pulse exhaust and residual gas exhaust, but grooves with the same number as the single cells are usually arranged in the air outlet manifold, and the inner diameter of the external manifold is smaller than that of the internal manifold (because the external manifold interfaces are usually arranged in parallel and have smaller space), so that the liquid water is accumulated in the grooves and cannot be discharged to the external manifold continuously. At this time, liquid water can accumulate near the outlet of the flow field, and flooding can be caused. When the liquid water containing various ions degraded and separated by the components in the system is further increased, the liquid water can cross the grooves to connect the anode and the cathode of the single cell, the resistance between the anode and the cathode is reduced, the performance of the cell is reduced if the liquid water is light, the film is even broken down due to overheat of the cell, and safety accidents are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell pile structure, which solves the problem that condensed water of the existing pile structure cannot be discharged in time in an internal manifold area.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell stack structure, including: the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly are stacked in a staggered manner; the housing assembly comprises a first manifold structure and a second manifold structure which extend along a first direction and are oppositely arranged;
The inner side of the first manifold structure is provided with an air inner inlet manifold, a cooling liquid inner outlet manifold and a hydrogen inner outlet manifold which are sequentially and separately arranged along a second direction, and the air inner inlet manifold, the cooling liquid inner outlet manifold and the hydrogen inner outlet manifold all extend along a third direction;
the inner side of the second manifold structure is provided with a hydrogen internal air inlet manifold, a cooling liquid internal air inlet manifold and an air internal air outlet manifold which are sequentially separated along a second direction, and the hydrogen internal air inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal air inlet manifold and the air internal air outlet manifold all extend along a third direction; the air internal inlet manifold and the air internal outlet manifold are respectively communicated with an air flow field of the bipolar plate; the hydrogen internal inlet manifold and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold are respectively communicated with a hydrogen flow field of the bipolar plate;
the bottom of the air internal air inlet manifold, the bottom of the hydrogen internal air outlet manifold, the bottom of the air internal air outlet manifold and the bottom of the hydrogen internal air inlet manifold are respectively provided with a water collecting tank, and one end of each water collecting tank is provided with a drain hole for outwards guiding water; the first direction is the length extending direction of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly, the third direction is the direction perpendicular to the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the third direction.
Optionally, an air inlet area, a cooling liquid outlet area and a hydrogen outlet area are sequentially arranged at one end, close to the first manifold structure, of the bipolar plate along a second direction, and a hydrogen inlet area, a cooling liquid inlet area and an air outlet area are sequentially arranged at one end, close to the second manifold structure, of the bipolar plate along the second direction; the air inlet area and the air outlet area are two ports of the air flow field, and the hydrogen inlet area and the hydrogen outlet area are two ports of the hydrogen flow field; the air inlet area, the cooling liquid outlet area and the hydrogen outlet area of each bipolar plate are respectively communicated with the air internal inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal outlet manifold and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold in a sealing way; the hydrogen inlet region, the cooling liquid inlet region and the air outlet region of each bipolar plate are respectively communicated with the hydrogen internal inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal inlet manifold and the air internal outlet manifold in a sealing way.
Optionally, a plurality of first baffle structures are provided on the inside of the first manifold structure; the plurality of first baffle structures are arranged at intervals along the second direction; the water collecting tank is arranged between the air internal inlet manifold and the cooling liquid internal outlet manifold and on the first partition plate structure positioned at the bottom of the hydrogen internal outlet manifold; a plurality of second baffle structures are arranged on the inner side of the second manifold structure; the plurality of second partition structures are arranged at intervals along the second direction; the water collection tank is arranged between the hydrogen internal inlet manifold and the cooling liquid internal inlet manifold and on the second partition plate structure at the bottom of the air internal outlet manifold.
Optionally, the top and bottom of the first and second manifold structures are provided with anti-collapse structures; the waist collapse preventing structure comprises a first bending plane, a second bending plane and a third bending plane which are sequentially connected, wherein the first bending plane and the third bending plane are vertical planes, and the second bending plane is an inclined plane; the third bending plane is closer to the inner space of the housing assembly than the first bending plane, and the second bending plane is used for supporting the single cell structure.
Optionally, the fuel cell stack structure further includes: a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket; the first sealing gasket is arranged between the first manifold structure and the single cell structure, is adaptive to the first partition plate structure and is used for sealing and communicating the air inlet area, the cooling liquid outlet area and the hydrogen outlet area with the air internal inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal outlet manifold and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold respectively; the second sealing gasket is arranged between the second manifold structure and the single cell structure, is adaptive to the second partition plate structure and is used for sealing and communicating the hydrogen inlet area, the cooling liquid inlet area and the air outlet area with the hydrogen internal air inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal air inlet manifold and the air internal air outlet manifold respectively.
Optionally, the first sealing gasket comprises a plurality of first sealing spacer bars arranged at intervals along the second direction, and a plurality of first opening structures are formed among the plurality of first sealing spacer bars; the first opening structures are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the air internal inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal outlet manifold and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold;
and/or the second sealing gasket comprises a plurality of second sealing spacing bars which are arranged at intervals along a second direction, and a plurality of second opening structures are formed among the second sealing spacing bars; the second opening structures are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the hydrogen internal inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal inlet manifold and the air internal outlet manifold.
Optionally, the membrane electrode assembly includes: the membrane electrode comprises a membrane electrode frame, double-sided cladding sealing strips, a proton exchange membrane and gas diffusion layers surrounding the two sides of the proton exchange membrane; the membrane electrode frame surrounds the gas diffusion layer and the periphery of the proton exchange membrane, and the double-sided cladding sealing strips are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode frame and used for sealing connection between the membrane electrode frame and the bipolar plate.
Optionally, a polar plate frame is arranged at the edge of the bipolar plate, clamping groove structures formed by the double-sided cladding sealing strips are respectively arranged at the two sides of the membrane electrode frame, and the clamping groove structures are positioned at the corners of the polar plate frame; the two sides of the polar plate frame, which are close to the top and the bottom, are respectively provided with a protruding structure, the protruding structures extend along the first direction, and the protruding structures are clamped with the clamping groove structures so as to realize the matching installation of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly.
Optionally, the housing assembly further comprises: a top plate, a bottom plate and two end plates oppositely arranged along the direction perpendicular to the bipolar plate; the top plate covers the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly, and the bottom plate is arranged above the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly; the two end plates are used for pressing and fixing the single cell structures in a plurality of groups through long screws, one end of each end plate is in sealing connection with the first manifold structure, and the other end of each end plate is in sealing connection with the second manifold structure.
Optionally, the fuel cell stack structure further comprises an insulating plate and a current collecting plate, wherein the insulating plate is matched with the structure of the end plate; the insulating plate and the current collecting plate are located between the end plate and the cell structure, and the insulating plate is closer to the end plate than the current collecting plate; and one side of the insulating plate, which is contacted with the single cell structure, is provided with a current collecting plate groove for being matched with the current collecting plate, and one side of the current collecting plate, which is far away from the insulating plate, is matched with the outermost single cell structure.
The embodiment of the invention has at least the following technical effects:
according to the fuel cell stack structure provided by the embodiment of the invention, through adjusting the internal manifolds at the two ends of the bipolar plate to the internal manifolds (the first manifold structure and the second manifold structure) at the side surface of the shell component, high-temperature, high-humidity and high-pressure gas containing condensed water respectively enters the internal manifolds of the stack structure through the external manifolds, and then the condensed liquid water flows towards the bottom of the internal manifolds under the action of gravity and is collected in the water collecting tank at the bottom of the internal manifolds, and finally the drain holes flowing towards the lowest part are discharged to the outside of the stack, so that the liquid water is prevented from entering the fuel cell from the flow field inlet; meanwhile, the reaction product water (liquid and gaseous) of the fuel cell is discharged from a flow field outlet along with the residual air of the reaction and enters an air internal outlet manifold, after encountering an internal manifold with lower temperature, the reaction product water and newly condensed liquid water flow together to the bottom of the internal manifold and are collected in a water collecting tank at the bottom of the internal manifold, and finally flow to a drain hole at the lowest position to be discharged outside a galvanic pile, so that the liquid water is prevented from flowing back into the fuel cell from the flow field outlet, the short circuit of the anode and the cathode of the cell caused by the accumulation of condensed water is avoided, the probability of flooding phenomenon in the flow field is avoided or greatly reduced, the performance stability of the fuel cell is further improved, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1 provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view along A-A in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first manifold structure of a fuel cell stack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second manifold structure of a fuel cell stack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a bipolar plate of a fuel cell stack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of B in FIG. 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an assembly schematic diagram of an internal structure of a fuel cell stack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell stack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of another view of a membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell stack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged schematic view of FIG. 10C according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is an internal cross-sectional view of FIG. 12 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of an end plate of a fuel cell stack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of an insulating plate of a fuel cell stack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of a current collecting plate of a fuel cell stack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: a 100-housing assembly;
110-a first manifold structure; 110 a-a sump; 110 b-drainage holes; 110 c-a first separator structure; 111-an air internal intake manifold; 111 a-air inlet; 112-a coolant internal outlet manifold; 112 a-a coolant outlet; 113-hydrogen internal outlet manifold; 113 a-a hydrogen gas outlet; 110 d-collapse prevention structure; 1111—a first bending plane; 1112-a second bending plane; 1113-a third bending plane;
120-a second manifold structure; 120 a-a second separator structure; 121-hydrogen internal intake manifold; 121 a-hydrogen inlet; 122-coolant internal inlet manifold; 122 a-a coolant inlet; 123-an air internal outlet manifold; 123 a-hydrogen gas outlet;
130-end plates; 130 a-mounting holes; 131-long screw;
200-single cells; 210-bipolar plate; 210 a-bump structure; 2101-an air inlet zone; 2102-a coolant outlet zone; 2103-hydrogen outlet zone; 2104-hydrogen inlet zone; 2105-a coolant inlet zone; 2106-an air outlet zone;
220-membrane electrode assembly; 220 a-double-sided clad sealing strip; 221-membrane electrode frame; 222-a gas diffusion layer; 223-proton exchange membrane; 224-slot structure; 224 a-extensions; 224 b-gasket contact surface;
300-a first sealing gasket; 310-a first sealing spacer bar; 300 a-a second gasket seal;
400-insulating plate; 410-collector plate slots;
500-collecting plates; 510-lugs.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs unless defined otherwise. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The term "and/or" as used herein includes all or any element and all combination of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell stack structure including: the case assembly 100, and a plurality of sets of unit cell 200 structures located inside the case assembly 100, the plurality of sets of unit cell 200 structures being formed by stacking bipolar plates 210 and membrane electrode assemblies 220 alternately. The housing assembly 100 includes a first manifold structure 110 and a second manifold structure 120 disposed opposite to each other along a first direction extending along a length of the bipolar plate 210 and the mea 220.
Specifically, the inner side of the first manifold structure 110 is provided with an air inner intake manifold 111, a coolant inner outlet manifold 112, and a hydrogen inner outlet manifold 113, which are sequentially provided separately in the second direction, and the air inner intake manifold 111, the coolant inner outlet manifold 112, and the hydrogen inner outlet manifold 113 all extend in the third direction. The air inlet manifold 111, the coolant outlet manifold 112 and the hydrogen outlet manifold 113 correspond to three independent areas inside the first manifold structure 110, and the three independent areas are respectively connected with the external manifolds in a one-to-one correspondence manner through an air inlet 111a, a coolant outlet 112a and a hydrogen outlet 113a formed on the first manifold structure 110.
The third direction is a direction perpendicular to the bipolar plate 210 and the membrane electrode assembly 220, and the second direction is perpendicular to both the first direction and the third direction, and corresponds to the height direction of the bipolar plate 210 (the second direction in the present embodiment is schematically illustrated as a direction from top to bottom along the vertical direction).
The inside of the second manifold structure 120 is provided with a hydrogen gas internal inlet manifold 121, a coolant liquid internal inlet manifold 122 and an air internal outlet manifold 123 which are sequentially partitioned along the second direction, and the hydrogen gas internal inlet manifold 121, the coolant liquid internal inlet manifold 122 and the air internal outlet manifold 123 all extend along the third direction.
The hydrogen gas internal inlet manifold 121, the cooling liquid internal inlet manifold 122 and the air internal outlet manifold 123 are equivalent to three independent areas inside the second manifold structure 120, and the three independent areas are respectively connected with the external manifolds in a one-to-one correspondence manner through a hydrogen gas inlet 121a, a cooling liquid inlet 122a and a hydrogen gas outlet 113a which are respectively formed on the second manifold structure 120.
The air inner inlet manifold 111 and the air inner outlet manifold 123 are respectively in communication with the air flow fields of the bipolar plates 210; the hydrogen internal inlet manifold 121 and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold 113 are respectively in communication with the hydrogen flow fields of the bipolar plate 210, and the coolant internal inlet manifold 122 and the coolant internal outlet manifold 112 are respectively in communication with the coolant manifolds of the bipolar plate 210. Wherein the air flow field and the hydrogen flow field are the flow channels of air and hydrogen, respectively, within the bipolar plate 210.
Further, the bottoms of the air inner inlet manifold 111, the hydrogen inner outlet manifold 113, the air inner outlet manifold 123 and the hydrogen inner inlet manifold 121 are respectively provided with a water collecting tank 110a, one end of the water collecting tank 110a is provided with a drain hole 110b, that is, the drain hole 110b is arranged on the side surfaces of the first manifold structure 110 and the second manifold structure 120, and the drain hole 110b is used for guiding the outside so as to drain the condensed water collected in the water collecting tank 110 a.
Alternatively, in order to facilitate drainage of condensed water, the bottom of the water collection tank 110a has a long slope shape, i.e., the end of the water collection tank 110a near the water drain hole 110b is lower (the tank depth is larger), the end far from the water drain hole 110b is higher (the tank depth is smaller), and the lowest height of the water drain hole 110b is lower than the lowest height of the water collection tank 110 a.
Alternatively, both ends of the sump 110a may be provided with drain holes 110b, i.e., the middle position of the sump 110a is high and both ends are low, and the lowest height of the drain holes 110b is lower than the lowest height of the sump 110a, thus facilitating drainage.
The following describes the working principle of the fuel cell stack structure for gas and cooling liquid to enter and exit:
(1) Air enters from the air external intake manifold and fills the air internal intake manifold 111 of the entire first manifold structure 110 (condensed water is collected by the water collection tank 110 a), then enters the air chamber of each cell 200 structure through the air inlet of the bipolar plate 210 to participate in the reaction, the remaining gas is discharged from the air outlet of the cell 200 structure, is collected in the air internal outlet manifold 123 of the second manifold structure 120 (condensed water is again collected by the water collection tank 110 a), and finally is discharged to the outside through the air external outlet manifold.
(2) Hydrogen enters from the hydrogen external inlet manifold and fills the hydrogen internal inlet manifold 121 of the entire second manifold structure 120 (condensed water is collected by the water collecting tank 110 a), then enters the hydrogen chamber of each cell 200 structure through the hydrogen inlet of the bipolar plate 210 to participate in the reaction, the remaining gas is discharged from the hydrogen outlet of the cell 200 structure, is collected in the hydrogen internal outlet manifold 113 of the first manifold structure 110 (condensed water is again collected by the water collecting tank 110 a), and finally is discharged to the outside through the hydrogen external outlet manifold.
(3) The coolant enters from the coolant external inlet manifold and fills the coolant internal inlet manifold of the entire second manifold structure 120, then exchanges heat through the coolant inlet of the bipolar plate 210 into the coolant cavity of each cell 200 structure, exits from the coolant outlet 112a of the cell 200 structure, collects in the cold coolant internal outlet manifold of the first manifold structure 110, and finally exits through the coolant external outlet manifold.
In the fuel cell stack structure provided in this embodiment, by adjusting the internal manifolds at both ends of the bipolar plate 210 to the internal manifolds (the first manifold structure 110 and the second manifold structure 120) at the side of the housing assembly 100, the high-temperature, high-humidity and high-pressure gas containing condensed water respectively enters the internal manifolds of the stack structure through the external manifolds, and then the condensed liquid water flows toward the bottom of the internal manifolds under the action of gravity and is collected in the water collecting tank 110a at the bottom of the internal manifolds, and finally flows to the drain holes 110b at the lowest position and is discharged to the outside of the stack, so that the liquid water is prevented from entering the fuel cell from the flow field inlet; meanwhile, the reaction product water (liquid and gaseous) of the fuel cell is discharged from a flow field outlet along with the residual air of the reaction, enters an air internal outlet manifold, flows towards the bottom of the internal manifold together with newly condensed liquid water after encountering the internal manifold with lower temperature, is collected in a water collecting tank 110a at the bottom of the internal manifold, finally flows to the lowest water drain hole 110b and is discharged to the outside of the electric pile, the liquid water is prevented from flowing back into the fuel cell from the flow field outlet, the short circuit of the anode and the cathode of the cell caused by the accumulation of condensed water is avoided, and therefore, the probability of flooding phenomenon in the flow field is avoided or greatly reduced, and the performance stability of the fuel cell is further improved, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
Optionally, the interfaces (including the air inlet 111a, the coolant outlet 112a, and the hydrogen outlet 113 a) of the first manifold structure 110 connected to the external manifold may be disposed on the front, rear, and left/right sides of the first manifold structure 110, and when the interfaces are disposed on the left/right sides of the stack structure, the width dimension and the number thereof may be increased or decreased depending on the amount of intake air, and the external manifold may be designed to resemble an intake manifold structure of an internal combustion engine, ensuring that the pressure of the compressed air is uniform when reaching each cell inlet to improve the intake uniformity of a single fuel cell.
Optionally, the interfaces (including the hydrogen gas inlet 121a, the coolant inlet 122a, and the air outlet 123 a) of the second manifold structure 120 connected to the external manifold may be disposed on the front, rear, and left/right sides of the second manifold structure 120, and when the interfaces are disposed on the left/right sides of the stack structure, the width dimension and the number thereof may be increased or decreased depending on the amount of intake air, and the external manifold may be designed to resemble an intake manifold structure of an internal combustion engine, ensuring that the pressure of the compressed air is uniform when reaching each cell inlet to improve the intake uniformity of a single fuel cell.
Alternatively, the bipolar plate 210 may be made of any one of metal, graphite, or composite materials.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 and 7, the end of the bipolar plate 210 adjacent to the first manifold structure 110 is provided with an air inlet region 2101, a coolant outlet region 2102, and a hydrogen outlet region 2103 in the second direction, and the end of the bipolar plate 210 adjacent to the second manifold structure 120 is provided with a hydrogen inlet region 2104, a coolant inlet region 2105, and an air outlet region 2106 in the second direction.
Specifically, the air inlet region 2101 and the air outlet region 2106 are two ports of an air flow field, the hydrogen inlet region 2104 and the hydrogen outlet region 2103 are two ports of a hydrogen flow field, and the coolant inlet region 2105 and the coolant outlet region 2102 are two ports of a coolant manifold.
Further, since the direction of the spaced arrangement of the bipolar plates 210 is identical to the extending direction of the internal manifold structure (all along the third direction), the air inlet region 2101, the coolant outlet region 2102 and the hydrogen outlet region 2103 of each bipolar plate 210 are in sealed communication with the air internal inlet manifold 111, the coolant internal outlet manifold 112 and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold 113, respectively. Meanwhile, the hydrogen inlet region 2104, the coolant inlet region 2105 and the air outlet region 2106 of each bipolar plate 210 are in sealed communication with the hydrogen internal inlet manifold 121, the coolant internal inlet manifold 122 and the air internal outlet manifold 123, respectively.
In this embodiment, by improving the structure of the bipolar plate 210, each of the inlet area and the outlet area of the bipolar plate 210 is respectively in sealed communication with the corresponding internal manifold, so as to form an independent flow channel, and the condensed water is collected by the water collecting tank 110a after entering the internal manifold and before being discharged out of the internal manifold and is led out through the drain hole 110b, so that the liquid water is prevented from entering the fuel cell from the flow field inlet and from flowing back into the fuel cell from the flow field outlet.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the inner side of the first manifold structure 110 is provided with a plurality of first baffle structures 110c. The plurality of first separator structures 110c are arranged at intervals along the second direction, thereby constructing an air internal intake manifold 111, a coolant internal outlet manifold 112, and a hydrogen internal outlet manifold 113.
Specifically, a water collection tank 110a is provided on the first partition structure 110c located between the air internal intake manifold 111 and the coolant internal outlet manifold 112, and at the bottom of the hydrogen internal outlet manifold 113, and both the water collection tank 110a and the first partition structure 110c on the first manifold structure 110 extend in the third direction.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, the inside of the second manifold structure 120 is provided with a plurality of second baffle structures 120a. The plurality of second partition structures 120a are arranged at intervals along the second direction, thereby constructing the hydrogen internal intake manifold 121, between the coolant internal inlet manifolds 122, and the air internal outlet manifold 123.
Specifically, the water collection tank 110a is disposed on the second partition structure 120a located between the hydrogen gas internal inlet manifold 121 and the coolant internal inlet manifold 122, and at the bottom of the air internal outlet manifold 123, and the water collection tank 110a and the second partition structure 120a on the second manifold structure 120 extend in the third direction.
In the fuel cell stack structure provided in this embodiment, the internal space of each internal manifold structure is configured by the plurality of partition structures disposed inside the manifold structure, so that each internal manifold is mutually independent, and the partition structures are further convenient to be mounted in cooperation with the inlet and outlet regions of the bipolar plate 210, so as to improve the reliability of sealing communication.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 and 8, in the fuel cell stack structure, the larger the number of bipolar plates 210 stacked with the membrane electrode assemblies 220, the more the stacking direction is parallel to the horizontal plane, and under the action of gravity, there is a shearing force in the vertical direction (second direction) between the unit cells 200, and the larger the shearing force is, the larger the relative displacement amount between the unit cells 200 is, and the larger the relative displacement amount of the unit cells 200 in the central portion of the stack structure is. Therefore, in order to avoid the above-mentioned problems, the top and bottom of the first and second manifold structures 110 and 120 provided in the present embodiment are provided with the anti-collapse structure 110d, and the anti-collapse structure 110d is mainly used for positioning and supporting the cell 200 structure.
Specifically, the waist collapse preventing structure 110d includes a first bending plane 1111, a second bending plane 1112, and a third bending plane 1113 connected in sequence, where the first bending plane 1111 and the third bending plane 1113 are vertical planes, and the second bending plane 1112 is an inclined plane. The third bending plane 1113 is closer to the inner space of the case assembly 100 than the first bending plane 1111, and the plurality of groups of unit cells 200 are all supported by the second bending plane 1112.
Alternatively, the second bending plane 111 is generally designed with a ratio of 2% to 5% of the horizontal distance to the entire plate length, and a slope (ratio of elevation difference/horizontal distance) of the second bending plane 111 is 10% to 30%, and in the embodiment of the present invention, a slope of 10% and a total length ratio of 3% are used.
From the overall structure, the two second bending planes 1112 at the top and bottom of the first and second manifold structures 110 and 120 form a flared structure toward the cell 200 structure, which facilitates assembly of the first and second manifold structures 110 and 120 with the cell 200 structure, while also facilitating positioning and support of each cell 200.
In the fuel cell stack structure provided in this embodiment, the second bending planes 1112 of the two manifold structures are respectively in contact with the matching and insulating structures on the membrane electrode assemblies 220 of each group of single cells 200, and bear the weight thereof, so as to prevent the single cell 200 structure from downward displacement due to the action of gravity, and improve the structural stability of the whole fuel cell stack structure.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the fuel cell stack structure provided in this embodiment further includes: a first gasket seal 300 and a second gasket seal 300a. The first sealing gasket 300 is disposed between the first manifold structure 110 and the multiple groups of single cell 200 structures, and the second sealing gasket 300a is disposed between the second manifold structure 120 and the multiple groups of single cell 200 structures, so as to improve the sealing communication effect between each internal manifold structure and each channel of the bipolar plate 210.
Specifically, the first sealing gasket 300 is adapted to the first separator structure 110c, and is configured to seal and communicate the air inlet region 2101, the coolant outlet region 2102 and the hydrogen outlet region 2103 with the air internal intake manifold 111, the coolant internal outlet manifold 112 and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold 113, respectively, so as to prevent fluid in different channels from penetrating each other, and improve the reliability of the fuel cell stack structure.
Further, the second sealing gasket 300a is adapted to the second separator structure 120a, and is configured to seal and communicate the air inlet region 2101, the cooling liquid outlet region 2102 and the hydrogen outlet region 2103 with the air internal intake manifold 111, the cooling liquid internal outlet manifold 112 and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold 113, respectively, so as to prevent fluid in different channels from penetrating each other, and improve the reliability of the fuel cell stack structure.
It can be appreciated that the partial structures of the first and second sealing gaskets 300 and 300a near the top and bottom are respectively located between the first bending planes 1111 of the corresponding sides and the cell 200 structure, thereby ensuring the sealing effect of the entire cell 200.
In some alternative embodiments, as shown in fig. 9, the first sealing gasket 300 includes a plurality of first sealing spacers 310 spaced apart along the second direction, a plurality of first opening structures being configured between the plurality of first sealing spacers 310; the first opening structures are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the air internal intake manifold 111, the coolant internal outlet manifold 112, and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold 113, and interface with the inlet and outlet areas of the bipolar plates 210 after stacking, so as to ensure the sealing effect of the respective fluid channels.
In some embodiments, the second gasket 300a includes a plurality of second sealing spacers (not shown) spaced apart along the second direction, and a plurality of second opening structures are configured between the plurality of second sealing spacers; the second opening structures are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the hydrogen internal intake manifold 121, the coolant internal intake manifold 122, and the air internal outlet manifold 123, and interface with the inlet and outlet regions of the bipolar plates 210 after stacking, so as to ensure the sealing effect of the respective fluid channels.
Alternatively, the first gasket 300 and the second gasket 300a may be made of the same material, and may be made of a pre-made gasket structure, where the material may be ethylene propylene diene monomer, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, or the like.
Alternatively, the first sealing gasket 300 and the second sealing gasket 300a may be formed by dispensing and curing, that is, after stacking the bipolar plate 210 and the membrane electrode assembly 220 and loading the stacking pressure, dispensing (sealing glue) is performed in the sealing area, and then the first manifold structure 110 and the second manifold structure 120 are mounted and then cured.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 10 to 13, the membrane electrode assembly 220 includes: membrane electrode frame 221, double-sided coated sealing strip 220a, proton exchange membrane 223, and gas diffusion layers 222 surrounding both sides of proton exchange membrane 223.
Specifically, the membrane electrode frame 221 surrounds the gas diffusion layer 222 and the proton exchange membrane 223, so as to fix the gas diffusion layer 222 and the proton exchange membrane 223. The double-sided wrapping sealing strips 220a are respectively arranged at two sides of the membrane electrode frame 221 for sealing connection between the membrane electrode frame 221 and the bipolar plate 210. The orthographic projection of the double-sided cladding sealing strip 220a on the membrane electrode frame 221 is adapted to the edge contours of the respective inlet and outlet areas of the bipolar plate 210, so as to ensure the sealing effect with the bipolar plate 210.
It should be noted that, the two ends of the double-sided coating sealing strip 220a, which are close to the membrane electrode frame 221 along the length direction, include sealing gasket contact surfaces 224b, and the sealing gasket contact surfaces 224b at the two ends of the double-sided coating sealing strip 220a are respectively in sealing contact with the first sealing spacer 310 and the second sealing spacer.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7 and 11, the edge of the bipolar plate 210 is provided with a plate rim that surrounds the bipolar plate 210. Two sides of the membrane electrode frame 221 are respectively provided with a clamping groove structure 224, and the double-sided cladding sealing strip 220a extends to an edge of the membrane electrode frame 221 to form an extension part 224a (used for contacting with the second bending plane), and the clamping groove structure 224 is formed between the extension part 224a and the double-sided cladding sealing strip 220 a. In this embodiment, the number of the clamping groove structures 224 is four, and the four clamping groove structures 224 are respectively located at four corners of the polar plate frame.
Specifically, two sides of the corresponding polar plate frame are respectively provided with a protruding structure 210a adapting to the shape of the clamping groove structure 224, the protruding structure 210a is a strip structure extending along the first direction, and the protruding structure 210a is clamped with the clamping groove structure 224, so as to realize the matched installation of the bipolar plate 210 and the adjacent membrane electrode assembly 220.
In this embodiment, when the bipolar plate 210 and the membrane electrode assembly 220 are stacked in the fuel cell stack structure, the plate frame of the bipolar plate 210 is clamped into the clamping groove structure 224 of the matching structure of the membrane electrode assembly 220, after the stacking load is applied by the screw, the double-sided cladding sealing strip 220a is pressed and deformed, the plate frame of the bipolar plate 210 is clamped to achieve relative fixation, and the outline dimension of the membrane electrode assembly 220 and the double-sided cladding sealing strip 220a is larger than the outline dimension of the bipolar plate 210 near the contact area with the first manifold structure 110 and the second manifold structure 120, so as to play an insulating role between the adjacent bipolar plates 210.
In some embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 1, 3, and 14, the housing assembly 100 further includes: a top plate (not shown in the drawing for the convenience of viewing the internal structure), a bottom plate (not shown in the drawing for the convenience of viewing the internal structure), and two end plates 130 disposed opposite each other in a direction perpendicular to the bipolar plate 210; the top plate covers over the bipolar plate 210 and the membrane electrode assembly 220, and the bottom plate is disposed over the bipolar plate 210 and the membrane electrode assembly 220.
Further, the two end plates 130 are provided with mounting holes 130a, and the long screw 131 passes through the mounting holes 130a and is pre-tightened and fixed, so that the plurality of groups of single cell 200 structures are pressed between the two end plates 130, one end of each end plate 130 is in sealing connection with the first manifold structure 110, and the other end of each end plate 130 is in sealing connection with the second manifold structure 120.
It should be noted that, in general, the fuel cell stack structure needs to be provided with a protective casing (i.e., the housing assembly 100) for waterproof, dustproof, mechanical injury isolation, insulation, and the like. Because the first manifold structure 110, the second manifold structure 120 and the end plate 130 have sufficient structural strength and are insulated from the inside of the stack structure, the first manifold structure 110, the second manifold structure 120 and the end plate 130 can be used as a part of the housing assembly 100 of the fuel cell stack module to protect the inside stack from external mechanical damage.
In some alternative embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 15 and 16, the fuel cell stack structure provided in this embodiment further includes: the insulation plate 400 and the current collector plate 500, the insulation plate 400 is adapted to the structure of the end plate 130, so as to be matched with the end plate 130. The insulating plate 400 and the current collecting plate 500 are positioned between the end plate 130 and the cell 200 structure, the insulating plate 400 is closer to the end plate 130 than the current collecting plate 500, and the current collecting plate 500 is closer to the end plate 130 than the insulating plate 400 for insulating the cell 200 from the external case assembly 100.
Further, a current collecting plate groove 410 is provided at a side of the insulating plate 400 in contact with the cell 200, the current collecting plate groove 410 is mounted in cooperation with the current collecting plate 500 (the lug 510 on the current collecting plate 500 corresponds to the opening position on the current collecting plate groove 410), the groove depth of the current collecting plate groove 410 corresponds to the thickness of the current collecting plate 500, so that the outer surface of the current collecting plate contacts with the surface of the insulating plate 400.
The fuel cell stack structure provided by the embodiment of the invention has at least the following technical effects:
(1) The independent manifold structure (including the first manifold structure and the second manifold structure) and the bipolar plate 210, the membrane electrode assembly 220, the sealing gasket (including the first sealing gasket and the second sealing gasket), the end plate 130 and the like form the internal manifold of the electric pile in a new form, and the internal manifold is a brand new gas and liquid distribution/merging structure between the manifold and the electric pile.
(2) The water collecting tank 110a and the water outlet in the manifold structure can collect condensed water flowing in from the external manifold and condensed water flowing out from the reaction outlet of the internal flow field at any time, and discharge the condensed water in a pulse mode, so that liquid water is effectively prevented from entering the flow field at the flow field inlet and flowing back to the flow field at the flow field outlet, the probability of flooding phenomenon in the flow field can be avoided or greatly reduced, the performance stability of the fuel cell is improved, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
(3) The manifold structure has interfaces connected to external manifolds, which can be arranged on the front, rear and left/right sides of the manifold structure, and when the interfaces are arranged on the left/right sides of the manifold structure, the manifold structure (including the first manifold structure 110 and the second manifold structure 120) can directly bear the gravity of each group of single cells 200 according to the size of the air inflow, and the width dimension and the number of the interfaces can be determined by the self-contained waist-collapse prevention structure 110d without separately arranging waist-collapse prevention components.
(4) The mounting position and width of the external manifold structure are not limited, and the gas/coolant can be simultaneously supplied to the inlets of the unit cells 200 and simultaneously discharged, as compared with the conventional manifold structure. (whereas conventionally structured gas/coolant can only enter the internal manifold from one side end plate 130, it reaches the inlet near the side of the manifold first)
(5) In contrast to the conventional manifold structure, the manifold structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention is not installed at one side of the end plate 130, and the installation space is not limited.
(6) By improving the structure of the bipolar plate 210, each of the inlet area and the outlet area of the bipolar plate 210 is respectively in sealed communication with the corresponding internal manifold, so that independent flow channels are formed, condensed water is collected by the water collecting tank 110a after entering the internal manifold and before being discharged out of the internal manifold, and is led out through the drain holes 110b, so that liquid water is prevented from entering the fuel cell from the flow field inlet and from flowing back into the fuel cell from the flow field outlet.
(7) The internal space of each internal manifold structure is constructed by a plurality of baffle structures arranged on the inner side of the manifold structure, so that the internal manifolds are mutually independent, and the baffle structures are convenient to be matched and installed with the inlet and outlet areas of the bipolar plate 210, thereby improving the reliability of sealing communication.
(8) The second bending planes 1112 of the first manifold structure 110 and the second manifold structure 120 are respectively in contact with the mating and insulating structures on the membrane electrode assemblies 220 of each group of unit cells 200, and bear the weight thereof, so that the unit cell 200 structure is prevented from being displaced downwards due to the action of gravity, and the structural stability of the whole fuel cell stack structure is improved.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various operations, methods, steps in the flow, acts, schemes, and alternatives discussed in the present invention may be alternated, altered, combined, or eliminated. Further, other steps, means, or steps in a process having various operations, methods, or procedures discussed herein may be alternated, altered, rearranged, disassembled, combined, or eliminated. Further, steps, measures, schemes in the prior art with various operations, methods, flows disclosed in the present invention may also be alternated, altered, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description of the present specification, a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fuel cell stack structure, characterized by comprising: the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly are stacked in a staggered manner; the housing assembly comprises a first manifold structure and a second manifold structure which extend along a first direction and are oppositely arranged;
the inner side of the first manifold structure is provided with an air inner inlet manifold, a cooling liquid inner outlet manifold and a hydrogen inner outlet manifold which are sequentially and separately arranged along a second direction, and the air inner inlet manifold, the cooling liquid inner outlet manifold and the hydrogen inner outlet manifold all extend along a third direction;
the inner side of the second manifold structure is provided with a hydrogen internal air inlet manifold, a cooling liquid internal air inlet manifold and an air internal air outlet manifold which are sequentially separated along a second direction, and the hydrogen internal air inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal air inlet manifold and the air internal air outlet manifold all extend along a third direction;
the air internal inlet manifold and the air internal outlet manifold are respectively communicated with an air flow field of the bipolar plate; the hydrogen internal inlet manifold and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold are respectively communicated with a hydrogen flow field of the bipolar plate;
The bottom of the air internal air inlet manifold, the bottom of the hydrogen internal air outlet manifold, the bottom of the air internal air outlet manifold and the bottom of the hydrogen internal air inlet manifold are respectively provided with a water collecting tank, and one end of each water collecting tank is provided with a drain hole for outwards guiding water;
the first direction is the length extending direction of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly, the third direction is the direction perpendicular to the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the third direction;
the bipolar plate is provided with an air inlet area, a cooling liquid outlet area and a hydrogen outlet area along a second direction at one end close to the first manifold structure, and a hydrogen inlet area, a cooling liquid inlet area and an air outlet area along the second direction at one end close to the second manifold structure;
the air inlet area and the air outlet area are two ports of the air flow field, and the hydrogen inlet area and the hydrogen outlet area are two ports of the hydrogen flow field;
the air inlet area, the cooling liquid outlet area and the hydrogen outlet area of each bipolar plate are respectively communicated with the air internal inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal outlet manifold and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold in a sealing way;
The hydrogen inlet area, the cooling liquid inlet area and the air outlet area of each bipolar plate are respectively communicated with the hydrogen internal inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal inlet manifold and the air internal outlet manifold in a sealing way;
a plurality of first baffle structures are arranged on the inner side of the first manifold structure; the plurality of first baffle structures are arranged at intervals along the second direction; the water collecting tank is arranged between the air internal inlet manifold and the cooling liquid internal outlet manifold and on the first partition plate structure positioned at the bottom of the hydrogen internal outlet manifold;
a plurality of second baffle structures are arranged on the inner side of the second manifold structure; the plurality of second partition structures are arranged at intervals along the second direction; the water collection tank is arranged between the hydrogen internal inlet manifold and the cooling liquid internal inlet manifold and on the second partition plate structure at the bottom of the air internal outlet manifold.
2. The fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, wherein the top and bottom of the first and second manifold structures are each provided with a collapse prevention structure;
the waist collapse preventing structure comprises a first bending plane, a second bending plane and a third bending plane which are sequentially connected, wherein the first bending plane and the third bending plane are vertical planes, and the second bending plane is an inclined plane;
The third bending plane is closer to the inner space of the housing assembly than the first bending plane, and the second bending plane is used for supporting the single cell structure.
3. The fuel cell stack structure according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising: a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket;
the first sealing gasket is arranged between the first manifold structure and the single cell structure, is adaptive to the first partition plate structure and is used for sealing and communicating the air inlet area, the cooling liquid outlet area and the hydrogen outlet area with the air internal inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal outlet manifold and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold respectively;
the second sealing gasket is arranged between the second manifold structure and the single cell structure, is adaptive to the second partition plate structure and is used for sealing and communicating the hydrogen inlet area, the cooling liquid inlet area and the air outlet area with the hydrogen internal air inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal air inlet manifold and the air internal air outlet manifold respectively.
4. The fuel cell stack structure according to claim 3, wherein the first sealing gasket includes a plurality of first sealing spacers arranged at intervals along the second direction, a plurality of first opening structures being configured between the plurality of first sealing spacers; the first opening structures are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the air internal inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal outlet manifold and the hydrogen internal outlet manifold;
And/or the second sealing gasket comprises a plurality of second sealing spacing bars which are arranged at intervals along a second direction, and a plurality of second opening structures are formed among the second sealing spacing bars; the second opening structures are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the hydrogen internal inlet manifold, the cooling liquid internal inlet manifold and the air internal outlet manifold.
5. The fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, wherein the membrane electrode assembly includes: the membrane electrode comprises a membrane electrode frame, double-sided cladding sealing strips, a proton exchange membrane and gas diffusion layers surrounding the two sides of the proton exchange membrane;
the membrane electrode frame surrounds the gas diffusion layer and the periphery of the proton exchange membrane, and the double-sided cladding sealing strips are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode frame and used for sealing connection between the membrane electrode frame and the bipolar plate.
6. The fuel cell stack structure according to claim 5, wherein a polar plate frame is arranged at the edge of the bipolar plate, and clamping groove structures constructed by the double-sided cladding sealing strips are respectively arranged at two sides of the membrane electrode frame and are positioned at corners of the polar plate frame;
The two sides of the polar plate frame, which are close to the top and the bottom, are respectively provided with a protruding structure, the protruding structures extend along the first direction, and the protruding structures are clamped with the clamping groove structures so as to realize the matching installation of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly.
7. The fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, wherein the housing assembly further comprises: a top plate, a bottom plate and two end plates oppositely arranged along the direction perpendicular to the bipolar plate;
the top plate covers the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly, and the bottom plate is arranged above the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly;
the two end plates are used for pressing and fixing the single cell structures in a plurality of groups through long screws, one end of each end plate is in sealing connection with the first manifold structure, and the other end of each end plate is in sealing connection with the second manifold structure.
8. The fuel cell stack structure according to claim 7, further comprising: the insulation plate and the current collecting plate are matched with the structure of the end plate;
the insulating plate and the current collecting plate are located between the end plate and the cell structure, and the insulating plate is closer to the end plate than the current collecting plate;
And one side of the insulating plate, which is contacted with the single cell structure, is provided with a current collecting plate groove for being matched with the current collecting plate, and one side of the current collecting plate, which is far away from the insulating plate, is matched with the outermost single cell structure.
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| CN202210855284.7A CN115000484B (en) | 2022-07-19 | 2022-07-19 | Fuel cell stack structure |
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| CN202210855284.7A CN115000484B (en) | 2022-07-19 | 2022-07-19 | Fuel cell stack structure |
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| CN1754279A (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2006-03-29 | 布罗托尼克斯技术公司 | Externally manifolded membrane based electrochemical cell stacks |
| JP2014191879A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-06 | Toshiba Fuel Cell Power Systems Corp | Fuel cell stack |
| CN108417875A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-17 | 广东国鸿氢能科技有限公司 | Distributing manifold and fuel cell pile group |
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| CN217334150U (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-08-30 | 潍柴巴拉德氢能科技有限公司 | Electric pile distribution manifold device and multi-electric pile fuel cell engine |
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| CN1754279A (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2006-03-29 | 布罗托尼克斯技术公司 | Externally manifolded membrane based electrochemical cell stacks |
| JP2014191879A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-06 | Toshiba Fuel Cell Power Systems Corp | Fuel cell stack |
| CN108417875A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-17 | 广东国鸿氢能科技有限公司 | Distributing manifold and fuel cell pile group |
| CN110233278A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-13 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | A kind of galvanic pile module of fuel cell fluid-dispensing structure |
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