CN113839060A - Fuel cell unit and fuel cell stack structure - Google Patents
Fuel cell unit and fuel cell stack structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113839060A CN113839060A CN202010590981.5A CN202010590981A CN113839060A CN 113839060 A CN113839060 A CN 113839060A CN 202010590981 A CN202010590981 A CN 202010590981A CN 113839060 A CN113839060 A CN 113839060A
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- membrane electrode
- fuel
- cell unit
- ridge
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell, and provides a fuel cell unit and a fuel cell stack structure, wherein the fuel cell unit comprises two polar plates and a membrane electrode, the fuel cell unit comprises an activation region and a transition region, the thickness of the membrane electrode at the activation region is greater than that at the transition region, a first ridge and a first fuel groove are arranged on the surface of the polar plate of the activation region, which faces the membrane electrode, a second ridge and a second fuel groove are arranged on the surface of the polar plate of the transition region, which faces the membrane electrode, and the protruding height of the second ridge is greater than that of the first ridge. According to the fuel cell unit, the ridge of the transition region in the polar plate is increased relative to the ridge of the activation region, so that the polar plate transition region is tightly attached to the membrane electrode, on one hand, the sealing performance of the fuel tank is improved, fluid leakage is avoided, on the other hand, a gasket is not needed, the cost is saved, and the assembly procedure is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to fuel cells, particularly to a fuel cell unit, and to a fuel cell stack structure.
Background
The fuel cell bipolar plate is a place for providing hydrogen and oxygen to carry out electrochemical reaction; hydrogen fuel circulates along the anode plate hydrogen flow channel, and air circulates along the cathode plate air flow channel; a proton exchange membrane is arranged between the hydrogen and the air, the outside is conducted, and as long as enough fuel is available, electricity can be continuously generated.
In order to relieve the overheating of the battery, a cooling flow channel is arranged in the bipolar plate and is used for introducing cooling liquid and adjusting the temperature of the battery; this results in a stacked relationship: the hydrogen flow channel, the membrane electrode, the oxygen flow channel and the cooling flow channel form a primary fuel cell device together.
The fuel cell has a transition region and an activation region, and due to the difference in structure, the thicknesses of the membrane electrode at the transition region and the activation region are different, which results in gaps between the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode at some positions (for example, in the transition region at the edge), and such gaps need to be filled by gaskets.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a fuel cell unit, so as to solve the problem that a gasket needs to be disposed between a transition region electrode plate and a membrane electrode.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a fuel cell unit, wherein the fuel cell unit comprises two polar plates and a membrane electrode positioned between the two polar plates, the fuel cell unit comprises an activation region and a transition region, the thickness of the membrane electrode at the activation region is greater than that at the transition region, a first ridge and a first fuel groove are arranged on the surface of the polar plate of the activation region facing the membrane electrode, a second ridge and a second fuel groove are arranged on the surface of the polar plate of the transition region facing the membrane electrode, the protruding height of the second ridge is greater than that of the first ridge, the first ridge is attached to the membrane electrode, and the second ridge is attached to the membrane electrode.
Further, two sides of the membrane electrode are respectively an anode side and a cathode side, and the depth of the first fuel groove on the anode side is greater than that of the first fuel groove on the cathode side.
Furthermore, a cooling flow channel is arranged in the polar plate, and the flow area of the cooling flow channel in the transition region is larger than that of the cooling flow channel in the activation region.
Furthermore, the surface of the polar plate of the transition region, which faces the membrane electrode, is provided with support columns arranged in a lattice manner, the support columns are supported on the membrane electrode, and a fuel flow path communicated with the first fuel tank and the second fuel tank is formed between the support columns.
Further, the membrane electrode comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer which are attached to two sides of the proton exchange membrane, an anode gas diffusion layer which is attached to the anode catalyst layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer which is attached to the cathode catalyst layer.
Further, the anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer are disposed only in the active region.
Furthermore, two ends of the polar plate and the membrane electrode are respectively provided with a cooling liquid manifold port.
Furthermore, two ends of the polar plate and the membrane electrode are respectively provided with a fuel manifold opening, and the fuel manifold openings at the two ends are communicated with the second fuel tank.
Further, the polar plate is a bipolar plate, and the two sides of the polar plate are an anode side and a cathode side.
Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell unit provided by the invention has the following advantages:
according to the fuel cell unit, the ridge of the transition region in the polar plate is increased relative to the ridge of the activation region, so that the polar plate transition region is tightly attached to the membrane electrode, on one hand, the sealing performance of the fuel tank is improved, fluid leakage is avoided, on the other hand, a gasket is not needed, the cost is saved, and the assembly procedure is reduced.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell stack structure to solve the problem of gasket between the transition region electrode plate and the membrane electrode.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a fuel cell stack structure, wherein the fuel cell stack structure comprises the fuel cell unit of the above aspect.
The fuel cell stack structure has the same advantages of the fuel cell unit compared with the prior art, and the detailed description is omitted.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-membrane electrode, 2-polar plate, 3-first ridge, 4-first fuel groove, 5-second ridge, 6-second fuel groove, 7-support column, 8-cooling liquid manifold port and 9-fuel manifold port.
Detailed Description
In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
The invention provides a fuel cell unit, wherein the fuel cell unit comprises two polar plates 2 and a membrane electrode 1 positioned between the two polar plates 2, the fuel cell unit comprises an activation region and a transition region, the thickness of the membrane electrode 1 at the activation region is greater than that at the transition region, a first ridge 3 and a first fuel groove 4 are arranged on the surface of the polar plate 2 of the activation region facing the membrane electrode 1, a second ridge 5 and a second fuel groove 6 are arranged on the surface of the polar plate 2 of the transition region facing the membrane electrode 1, the protruding height of the second ridge 5 is greater than that of the first ridge 3, the first ridge 3 is attached to the membrane electrode 1, and the second ridge 5 is attached to the membrane electrode 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell unit includes a membrane electrode 1 and electrode plates 2 (anode plate and cathode plate) located at both sides of the membrane electrode, the electrode plates 2 are provided with a ridge and groove structure, and the groove can be composed of spaced ridges, wherein the fuel cell unit can be divided into an activation region and a transition region, the activation region is a main generation region of electrochemical reaction, the transition region is a region for assisting electrochemical reaction, such as transportation of fuel, and the fuel includes fuel for cathode and anode reactions.
The thickness of the membrane electrode 1 in the activation region is greater than that in the transition region (due to the regional distribution of the cathode diffusion layer and the anode diffusion layer), and correspondingly, the height of the second ridge 5 of the polar plate 2 in the activation region is greater than that of the first ridge 3 in the filter region, so that the first ridge 3 and the second ridge 5 can be attached to the corresponding positions of the membrane electrode 1. The second ridge 5 is increased relative to the first ridge 3, and can adapt to different thicknesses of the membrane electrode 1 at different positions, so that all ridges of the polar plate 2 can be attached to the membrane electrode 1, on one hand, the sealing performance is improved, internal fluid leakage is prevented, on the other hand, structures such as gaskets do not need to be arranged between the membrane electrode 1 and the polar plate 2 in a transition region, the material cost is saved, and the assembly procedures are reduced.
Specifically, the two sides of the membrane electrode 1 are respectively an anode side and a cathode side, and the depth of the first fuel groove 4 on the anode side is greater than the depth of the first fuel groove 4 on the cathode side. On both sides of the membrane electrode 1 are an anode side and a cathode side, respectively, the membrane electrode 1 allowing protons to pass from the anode side through the membrane electrode 1 to the cathode side. Since the electrochemical reactions on both sides of the membrane electrode 1 are different, the amounts of the cathode fuel and the anode fuel required are different, and therefore, the flow areas of the first fuel grooves 4 on both sides are different, that is, the depths are different.
In addition, a cooling flow passage is arranged in the polar plate 2, and the flow area of the cooling flow passage in the transition region is larger than that of the cooling flow passage in the activation region. As the height of the second ridges 5 in the transition zone increases, the thickness of the plate 2 in the transition zone also increases, thereby allowing the cooling flow channels therein to increase in size in the direction of the thickness of the plate 2. Each plate 2 may be formed by two plates stacked and connected, and the cooling flow passage is formed between the two plates.
Wherein, the surface of the polar plate 2 facing the membrane electrode 1 in the transition region is provided with support columns 7 arranged in a lattice manner, the support columns 7 are supported on the membrane electrode 1, and a fuel flow path communicated with the first fuel groove 4 and the second fuel groove 6 is formed between the support columns 7. As shown in fig. 2, the surface of the plate 2 facing the membrane electrode 1 is provided with a plurality of support pillars 7 arranged in a lattice manner in the transition region, the support pillars 7 can be supported on the surface of the membrane electrode 1, so as to form fuel flow paths between adjacent support pillars 7, the fuel flow paths are in a dispersed form and are different from the prior art linear (straight line or curved) forced distribution flow paths, the support pillars 7 themselves are used as structures which do not allow fuel to pass through, the occupied space is smaller, the utilization rate of the transition region is larger, and the total area of the transition region can be reduced. Since the depth of the second fuel tank 6 increases and the flow area increases accordingly, the second fuel tank 6 can be communicated with the first fuel tank 4 through the dot-matrix fuel flow path. In other embodiments, the transition region between the first fuel tank 4 and the second fuel tank 6 may be provided with a metal foam structure, a metal mesh structure, or the like, instead of or in addition to the flow channel structure formed by the support columns 7, to communicate the first fuel tank 4 and the second fuel tank 6.
Specifically, the membrane electrode 1 includes a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer attached to both sides of the proton exchange membrane, an anode gas diffusion layer attached to the anode catalyst layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer attached to the cathode catalyst layer. The membrane electrode 1 generally comprises a 5-layer structure with a proton exchange membrane in the middle, which allows protons to pass through, an anode catalyst layer and an anode gas diffusion layer on one side, corresponding to the anode plate, and a cathode catalyst layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer on the other side, corresponding to the cathode plate.
Wherein the anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer are disposed only at the activation region. The anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer both have relatively large thicknesses, and are respectively used for diffusing gases on the anode side and the cathode side to corresponding catalyst layers to complete anode reaction and cathode reaction, so the anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer can be provided with only an activation region, which enables the membrane electrode 1 to have a larger thickness in the activation region, and the height of the ridge of the electrode plate 2 in the transition region is also required to be larger than that of the ridge of the activation region.
In addition, two ends of the polar plate 2 and the membrane electrode 1 are respectively provided with a cooling liquid manifold port 8. As shown in fig. 2, two ends of the electrode plate 2 are respectively provided with a cooling liquid manifold port 8, one of which is an inlet and the other is an outlet, and correspondingly, the membrane electrode 1 is also provided with a similar cooling liquid manifold port 8 and is aligned with the cooling liquid manifold port 8 on the electrode plate 2, the cooling liquid manifold port 8 is communicated with a cooling flow channel in the electrode plate 2, and the cooling liquid can take away heat generated by electrochemical reaction when flowing in the cooling flow channel.
In addition, two ends of the polar plate 2 and the membrane electrode 1 are respectively provided with a fuel manifold port 9, and the fuel manifold ports 9 at the two ends are communicated with a second fuel tank 6. As shown in fig. 2, the electrode plate 2 is provided with a fuel manifold port 9 as an inlet at one end and a fuel manifold port 9 as an outlet at the other end, and the fuel manifold ports 9 include one type of fuel manifold port communicating with the second fuel groove 6 of the anode side and the other type of fuel manifold port communicating with the second fuel groove 6 of the cathode side, which are independent of each other. The membrane electrode 1 is also provided with a fuel manifold port 9 aligned with the polar plate 2; the second fuel tank 6 communicates with the first fuel tank 4 to form a fuel flow path.
Alternatively, the plate 2 is a bipolar plate, and both sides of the plate 2 are an anode side and a cathode side. As shown in fig. 1, which includes two plates 2 and a membrane electrode 1 located therebetween, the surface of the plate 2 facing the membrane electrode 1 is the anode side or the cathode side, and the surface thereof facing away from the membrane electrode 1 is the cathode side or the anode side, that is, the plate 2 is a bipolar plate, the side of the plate 2 facing away from the membrane electrode 1 in fig. 1 may also be provided with the membrane electrode 1, and the two sides of the plate 2 are the anode side and the cathode side, which allows a plurality of plates 2 and membrane electrodes 1 to be alternately stacked. In the bipolar plate, the first and second ridges 3 and 5 may have different projecting heights on both sides, respectively, and the first and second fuel grooves 4 and 6 may have different depths on both sides, respectively.
In addition, the invention also provides a fuel cell stack structure, wherein the fuel cell stack structure comprises the fuel cell unit. In the fuel cell stack structure, at least two fuel cell units may be included, and in each fuel cell unit, two polar plates may be bipolar plates, so that in the fuel cell stack structure, the bipolar plates and the membrane electrode 1 are alternately arranged, that is, more cell units are combined together, thereby saving space.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell unit, characterized in that it comprises two plates (2) and a membrane electrode (1) located between the two plates (2), the fuel cell unit comprises an activation zone and a transition zone, the membrane electrode (1) having a thickness at the activation zone which is greater than the thickness at the transition zone, the surface of the polar plate (2) of the activation area facing the membrane electrode (1) is provided with a first ridge (3) and a first fuel groove (4), the surface of the polar plate (2) in the transition area facing the membrane electrode (1) is provided with a second ridge (5) and a second fuel groove (6), the second ridge (5) having a protrusion height greater than the protrusion height of the first ridge (3), the first ridge (3) is attached to the membrane electrode (1), and the second ridge (5) is attached to the membrane electrode (1).
2. A fuel cell unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the membrane electrode (1) is on both sides an anode side and a cathode side, respectively, the depth of the first fuel groove (4) of the anode side being larger than the depth of the first fuel groove (4) of the cathode side.
3. A fuel cell unit according to claim 1, characterised in that cooling flow channels are provided in the pole plate (2), the flow area of the cooling flow channels of the transition zone being larger than the flow area of the cooling flow channels of the activation zone.
4. A fuel cell unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a lattice arrangement of support pillars (7) is provided on the surface of the plate (2) facing the membrane electrode (1) in the transition region, the support pillars (7) being supported on the membrane electrode (1), the support pillars (7) forming fuel flow paths between them communicating with the first fuel channel (4) and the second fuel channel (6).
5. A fuel cell unit according to claim 1, wherein the membrane electrode (1) comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer attached to both sides of the proton exchange membrane, an anode gas diffusion layer attached to the anode catalyst layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer attached to the cathode catalyst layer.
6. A fuel cell unit according to claim 5, wherein the anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer are provided only in the active region.
7. A fuel cell unit according to claim 1, characterized in that both ends of the electrode plate (2) and the membrane electrode (1) are provided with coolant manifold ports (8), respectively.
8. A fuel cell unit according to claim 1, wherein the electrode plate (2) and the membrane electrode (1) are provided at both ends with fuel manifold ports (9), respectively, the fuel manifold ports (9) at both ends communicating with the second fuel tank (6).
9. A fuel cell unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the pole plate (2) is a bipolar plate, the pole plate (2) being flanked on both sides by an anode side and a cathode side.
10. A fuel cell stack structure, characterized in that it comprises a fuel cell unit according to any one of claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010590981.5A CN113839060A (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | Fuel cell unit and fuel cell stack structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010590981.5A CN113839060A (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | Fuel cell unit and fuel cell stack structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113839060A true CN113839060A (en) | 2021-12-24 |
Family
ID=78964827
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010590981.5A Pending CN113839060A (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | Fuel cell unit and fuel cell stack structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN113839060A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114678556A (en) * | 2022-04-17 | 2022-06-28 | 上海安池科技有限公司 | Flow field groove deep uneven bipolar plate and fuel cell |
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Application publication date: 20211224 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |