CN114995767A - Data management method, storage device and storage medium of solid state disk - Google Patents
Data management method, storage device and storage medium of solid state disk Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
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- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
- G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
- G06F11/1008—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's in individual solid state devices
- G06F11/1012—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's in individual solid state devices using codes or arrangements adapted for a specific type of error
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
- G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
- G06F11/1008—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's in individual solid state devices
- G06F11/1068—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's in individual solid state devices in sector programmable memories, e.g. flash disk
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
- G06F3/0673—Single storage device
- G06F3/0679—Non-volatile semiconductor memory device, e.g. flash memory, one time programmable memory [OTP]
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- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C29/00—Checking stores for correct operation ; Subsequent repair; Testing stores during standby or offline operation
- G11C29/04—Detection or location of defective memory elements, e.g. cell constructio details, timing of test signals
- G11C29/08—Functional testing, e.g. testing during refresh, power-on self testing [POST] or distributed testing
- G11C29/12—Built-in arrangements for testing, e.g. built-in self testing [BIST] or interconnection details
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of data storage, in particular to a data management method, a storage device and a storage medium of a solid state disk, wherein the data management method of the solid state disk comprises the following steps: judging a data refreshing effect in the process of refreshing data of the solid state disk; and in the process of recovering the target data causing the data refreshing, adopting an error correcting code with a code rate corresponding to the judged data refreshing effect to encode the target data. The invention reduces the subsequent data refresh rate, improves the service quality of the solid state disk and improves the reliability of the solid state disk by using very low resource overhead.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of data storage, and in particular, to a data management method, a storage device, and a storage medium for a solid state disk.
Background
The reliability of data stored in a solid state disk based on 3D NAND is affected by factors such as write times, retention time, read disturb, etc., and when errors accumulate to a certain extent, a data refresh mechanism is triggered. The process of data refresh typically includes data recovery, data relocation, and garbage collection. In the data recovery phase, the correct data is recovered by combining multiple retry reads with ECC (error correction code). When the error is serious, the retry read times are very many, so that the system delay is increased, and the service quality is seriously influenced. The write operation delay caused by the subsequent data relocation can further increase the delay. Especially for solid state disk (ssd) using QLC (quad flat storage) and PLC (five-layer storage) as new high-density storage media, the writing delay is considerable, and the influence on the service quality of the hard disk is not negligible. Therefore, although the refresh mechanism can guarantee data reliability, its negative effects cannot be ignored.
The prior art does not provide an effective solution to the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a data management method, a storage device and a storage medium of a solid state disk, which are used for at least improving the reliability of the solid state disk.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for managing data in a solid state disk, where the method for managing data in a solid state disk includes:
judging a data refreshing effect in the process of refreshing data of the solid state disk;
and in the process of recovering the target data causing the data refreshing, adopting an error correcting code with a code rate corresponding to the judged data refreshing effect to encode the target data.
Optionally, the encoding the target data by using the error correcting code with the code rate corresponding to the determined data refreshing effect includes:
when the judged data refreshing effect is error correction code errors caused by residence time, performing reinforced coding on target data with a first code rate to ensure that the current code rate of the target data is switched to an error correction code with a second code rate;
and when the judged data refreshing effect is an error correcting code error caused by reading crosstalk, recovering the coding of the target data with the second code rate, and switching the current code rate of the target data into the error correcting code with the first code rate.
Optionally, the first code rate is smaller than the second code rate.
Optionally, in the process of performing data refresh on the solid state disk, before determining the data refresh effect, the method includes:
when target data are written into the solid state disk for the first time, the target data are coded by using an error correcting code with a first code rate, wherein the first code rate is the highest code rate.
Optionally, the performing the enhanced coding on the target data with the first code rate to switch the current code rate of the target data to the error correcting code with the second code rate includes:
and performing lossless compression on the target data with the current code rate as the second code rate.
Optionally, the first code rate and the second code rate are switched by using a low density parity check code as follows:
wherein, C is a core matrix, and the corresponding code rate is a check matrix of the first code rate; z is a 0 matrix; e is a sparse matrix; i is the unit diagonal matrix, the number of rows and E are equal; e and I form a single parity check code; and H is a check matrix with a second code rate.
Optionally, the determining the data refresh effect includes:
checking the residence time and the reading frequency of a physical storage space where the target data are located;
when the residence time is larger than a preset residence time threshold, judging that the data refreshing effect is an error correcting code error caused by the residence time;
and when the residence time is less than a preset residence time threshold and the reading frequency is greater than the reading frequency threshold, judging that the data refreshing effect is an error correcting code error caused by reading crosstalk.
Optionally, the data management method of the solid state disk further includes:
determining the reading frequency threshold according to the erasing times;
and determining whether the residence time is greater than a preset residence time threshold or not according to the residence time value directly recorded by the solid-state disk controller or by comparing the decision level combination options of successful rereading and storing various rereads.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage device, where the storage device includes: a memory, a controller, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor;
when being executed by the controller, the computer program realizes the steps of the data management method of the solid state disk.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a data management program of a solid state disk is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the data management program of the solid state disk is executed by a controller, the steps of the data management method of the solid state disk are implemented as described in any one of the above.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the subsequent data refresh rate is reduced, the service quality of the solid state disk is improved and the reliability of the solid state disk is improved by using very low resource overhead.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a main flowchart of a data management method for a solid state disk according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a data management method of a solid state disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example one
An embodiment of the present invention provides a data management method for a solid state disk, as shown in fig. 1, the data management method for a solid state disk includes:
s101, judging a data refreshing effect in a data refreshing process of a solid state disk;
s102, in the process of recovering the target data causing data refreshing, the target data is coded by adopting the error correcting code with the code rate corresponding to the judged data refreshing effect.
The solid state disk can adopt high-density storage media such as QLC, PLC and the like. The process of data refresh typically includes data recovery, data relocation, and garbage collection. The data refresh effect can also be described as the cause of error correction code errors.
There are many reasons for ECC errors, and the subsequent data refresh frequency is higher and higher due to data refresh without identifying the cause of the error. For example, for cold data with a low access frequency, the ECC error is mainly caused by the retention time, and even after the data refresh, the newly accumulated retention effect triggers a new data refresh after a period of time. And as the whole disc wear rate is increased, the refresh rate is also increased inevitably.
For another example, although different RAID technologies may provide differential reliability protection for cold and hot data, RAID coding involves codewords in multiple RAID arrays, resulting in very large system delay and computation workload.
For another example, the use of different error correcting codes requires that the system includes two sets of ECC encoding and decoding hardware, which is too costly, and the use of different decoding methods also involves similar problems.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the data refreshing effect is judged in the process of refreshing the data of the solid state disk, and the target data causing the data refreshing is coded by adopting the error correcting code with the code rate corresponding to the judged data refreshing effect in the process of recovering the target data, so that the subsequent data refreshing rate is reduced with very low resource overhead, the service quality of the solid state disk is improved, the reliability of the solid state disk is improved, and the problems can be effectively solved.
In some embodiments, the encoding the target data with an error correction code having a code rate corresponding to the determined data refreshing effect includes:
when the judged data refreshing effect is error correction code errors caused by residence time, performing reinforced coding on target data with a first code rate to ensure that the current code rate of the target data is switched to an error correction code with a second code rate; as shown in fig. 2, in order to improve efficiency, in a specific implementation process, when a determined data refresh effect is an error correction code caused by a dwell time, and when a current code rate of target data is a first code rate, performing robust coding on the target data with the first code rate, so that the current code rate of the target data is switched to an error correction code with a second code rate;
and when the judged data refreshing effect is error correction code errors caused by read crosstalk, recovering the coding of the target data with the second code rate, and switching the current code rate of the target data into the error correction code with the first code rate. Optionally, the first code rate is smaller than the second code rate. In a specific implementation process, when the determined data refreshing effect is an error correction code error caused by read crosstalk, and when the current code rate of the target data is the second code rate, the coding of the target data with the second code rate is recovered, so that the current code rate of the target data is switched to the error correction code with the first code rate.
In the data inspection of the embodiment, if the error of the ECC error occurs, if the error is caused by the retentivity time effect, the original data is subjected to enhanced ECC coding and then subjected to data relocation and garbage collection. If the ECC error found by the data patrol is caused by frequent reading, namely read disturb effect, and the current data is subjected to enhanced coding, the data is restored to the normal coding, and then the rest of refreshing work is executed. Furthermore, the method has the advantages that the very low resource overhead is used, the subsequent data refreshing rate is reduced, the service quality of the solid state disk is improved, the reliability of the solid state disk is improved, and the grading reliability management meeting the respective requirements is realized for cold and hot data.
Of course, to control write amplification, decoding latency and power consumption at read time are reduced. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, when target data is written into the solid state disk for the first time, the target data is encoded by using an error correction code with a first code rate, where the first code rate is the highest code rate. For example, when data is first written, the first written data is encoded by an ECC code having the highest code rate (R1). Because the written physical storage space is usually just erased and the data reliability is higher, the coding mode can control the writing amplification and reduce the decoding delay and the power consumption during reading.
In some embodiments, the determining the data refresh effect comprises:
checking the residence time and the reading frequency of a physical storage space where the target data are located;
when the residence time is greater than a preset residence time threshold and the reading frequency is less than a reading frequency threshold, judging that the data refreshing effect is an error correcting code error caused by the residence time;
and when the reading frequency is greater than the reading frequency threshold, judging that the data refreshing effect is an error correcting code error caused by reading crosstalk.
Specifically, during an idle period when there is no host request, the solid state disk performs a polling operation on the physical storage spaces storing valid data, that is, all or part of data in the storage spaces are sequentially read out, and ECC decoding is performed. Data refresh is performed according to the ECC error feedback. Where valid data refers to data that is not marked as "stale".
In the prior art, if the ECC decoding of the read data fails, it is common practice to perform data recovery and complete the rest of the data refresh task when idle later. The innovation of the embodiments of the present invention is that the residence time T and the reading frequency F of the physical storage space where the original data is located are checked before the data relocation is performed. The dwell time refers to the time the data stays in memory after the last write. The system will usually translate its equivalence to an equivalent time at a certain fixed temperature.
As shown in fig. 2, if T is greater than the predetermined dwell time threshold T1, it can be determined that the data is classified as "cold data" because the number of error bits is too large due to too long a retention time. Before data relocation, if the current data adopts ECC coding with a code rate of R1, then reinforced coding is performed on the basis of the original ECC coding, so that the current data becomes an error correcting code with a code rate of R2 (R2 < R1). And carrying out data relocation and garbage collection after the operations are finished. The processed data does not generate ECC decoding errors even if the processed data is subjected to longer time retentions, and then data refreshing is triggered. Wherein, the reading frequency threshold can be determined according to the erasing times; for example, the preset read frequency threshold T1 is a value related to the number of P/E (erase/erase) times, and the larger the number of P/E times is, the more the wear of the device is serious, and accordingly, the read frequency threshold T1 is also reduced, that is, the erase times and the read frequency threshold are inversely proportional. In practice, the P/E times can be divided into several intervals according to 2k intervals, different T1 values are adopted in different intervals, and in principle, the larger the P/E times, the smaller the T1 value.
Further, the performing the enhanced coding on the target data with the first code rate to switch the current code rate of the target data to the error correction code with the second code rate includes: and performing lossless compression on the target data with the current code rate as the second code rate. That is, for the "cold data", before the data relocation is completed, lossless compression may be performed to reduce write amplification, thereby improving the storage efficiency.
As shown in fig. 2, if the dwell time is found to be less than the preset dwell time threshold in the polling and the read frequency F of the target data with ECC error is greater than the threshold F1, the target data may be considered as "hot data" and the ECC error mainly results from read disturb effect. After data recovery, if the current coding rate is R2, it is changed back to R1, and the redundant check bits are marked as invalid. This can improve the response speed of reading.
And determining whether the residence time is greater than a preset residence time threshold or not according to the residence time value directly recorded by the solid-state disk controller or by comparing the difference between the decision level combination options of various rereads which are successful in rereading and the default decision level. For example, the retention time may be obtained by using a value directly recorded by a solid state disk controller, or by comparing a difference between a retry table (storing a decision level combination at various times of rereading) option that is successfully rereaded and a default decision level. When each decision level is lower than the default level, especially the decision level in the high level interval is lower than a certain threshold, it can be considered that the retentivity effect is the main factor causing the ECC error. Of course, in some embodiments, it is also possible that the storage controller generally configures a plurality of retry table options according to the length of the retry, and may also roughly determine whether the retry time exceeds the threshold according to the last successful retry option.
In some embodiments, to reduce the complexity of switching between two code rates, a special structure of LDPC (low density parity check code) is employed. The check matrix of the code has a special structure which can be a raptor-like structure:
wherein, C is a core matrix and corresponds to a check matrix with a code rate of R1. Z is a 0 matrix; e is a sparse matrix; i is the unit diagonal matrix, the number of rows and E equals. In effect, E and I constitute a single parity check code. The complete H corresponds to the check matrix with the code rate R2. The check matrix with the structure has the advantage that the code word with the code rate of R2 does not need to be re-encoded, and only new check bits can be obtained according to E and I. Whereas a recovery from R2 to R1 requires only the added parity bits to be marked as failed.
According to the embodiment of the invention, each implementation mode uses very low resource overhead, so that the subsequent data refresh rate is reduced, the service quality of the solid state disk is improved, and the reliability of the solid state disk is improved. And, hierarchical reliability management that satisfies respective demands has also been realized to cold and hot data. The switching of two code rate codes can be realized by adopting an LDPC code with a special structure, so that the complexity of switching between the two code rates is reduced.
Example two
An embodiment of the present invention provides a storage device, where the storage device includes: a memory, a controller, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor;
when executed by the controller, the computer program implements the steps of the data management method for a solid state disk according to any one of embodiments one to two.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment of the invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein a data management program of a solid state disk is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the data management program of the solid state disk is executed by a controller, the steps of the data management method of the solid state disk according to any one of the first embodiment to the second embodiment are realized.
In the concrete implementation process of the second embodiment and the third embodiment, reference can be made to the first embodiment, and corresponding technical effects are achieved.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A data management method of a solid state disk is characterized by comprising the following steps:
judging a data refreshing effect in the process of refreshing data of the solid state disk;
and in the process of recovering the target data causing the data refreshing, adopting an error correcting code with a code rate corresponding to the judged data refreshing effect to encode the target data.
2. The method for managing data in a solid state disk according to claim 1, wherein the encoding the target data with the error correction code having the code rate corresponding to the determined data refreshing effect comprises:
when the judged data refreshing effect is an error correcting code error caused by the residence time, performing reinforced coding on the target data with the first code rate to ensure that the current code rate of the target data is switched to an error correcting code with a second code rate;
and when the judged data refreshing effect is error correction code errors caused by read crosstalk, recovering the coding of the target data with the second code rate, and switching the current code rate of the target data into the error correction code with the first code rate.
3. The data management method of the solid state disk of claim 2, wherein the first code rate is smaller than the second code rate.
4. The data management method of the solid state disk according to claim 3, wherein before judging the data refresh effect in the process of refreshing the data of the solid state disk, the method comprises:
when target data are written into the solid state disk for the first time, the target data are coded by using an error correcting code with a first code rate, wherein the first code rate is the highest code rate.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the performing the robust coding on the target data with the first code rate to switch the current code rate of the target data to the error correction code with the second code rate includes:
and performing lossless compression on the target data with the current code rate as the second code rate.
6. The data management method of claim 2, wherein the following low density parity check codes are used to switch the first code rate and the second code rate:
wherein, C is a core matrix, and the corresponding code rate is a check matrix of the first code rate; z is a 0 matrix; e is a sparse matrix; i is the unit diagonal matrix, the number of rows and E are equal; e and I form a single parity check code; and H is a check matrix with a second code rate.
7. The data management method for the solid state disk according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the judging of the data refreshing effect comprises:
checking the residence time and the reading frequency of a physical storage space where the target data are located;
when the residence time is larger than a preset residence time threshold, judging that the data refreshing effect is an error correcting code error caused by the residence time;
and when the residence time is less than a preset residence time threshold and the reading frequency is greater than the reading frequency threshold, judging that the data refreshing effect is an error correcting code error caused by reading crosstalk.
8. The data management method of the solid state disk according to claim 7, further comprising:
determining the reading frequency threshold according to the erasing times;
and determining whether the residence time is greater than a preset residence time threshold or not according to the residence time value directly recorded by a solid-state disk controller or by comparing the judgment level combination options of various rereads successfully stored.
9. A storage device, the storage device comprising: a memory, a controller, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor;
the computer program, when executed by the controller, implements the steps of the method for data management of a solid state disk as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein a data management program of a solid state disk is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the data management program of the solid state disk is executed by a controller, the steps of the data management method of the solid state disk according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.
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| CN114594908A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-06-07 | 阿里巴巴（中国）有限公司 | Data processing method and device based on Solid State Disk (SSD) and storage medium |
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