CN114993785A - Preparation method of pore crack type carbonate rock artificial core - Google Patents
Preparation method of pore crack type carbonate rock artificial core Download PDFInfo
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- CN114993785A CN114993785A CN202210595728.8A CN202210595728A CN114993785A CN 114993785 A CN114993785 A CN 114993785A CN 202210595728 A CN202210595728 A CN 202210595728A CN 114993785 A CN114993785 A CN 114993785A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of carbonate reservoir development, in particular to a preparation method of a pore-cracking type artificial carbonate rock core, which comprises the following specific steps: s1, judging the type of the carbonate oil and gas reservoir by using a well testing log-log curve; s2, evaluating the crack development degree according to the logging crack index model; s3, judging whether the crack development degree is crack development; and S4, determining rock sample fracture parameters and making a rock sample. The reservoir type is qualitatively judged through the log curve, and then the crack development degree is evaluated according to the crack index model provided by well logging, so that the organic combination of static state and dynamic state, and qualitative and quantitative in the crack description process is realized; quantitative calculation is carried out on fracture parameters required by rock sample manufacturing, and direct guidance of fracture description results on artificial rock core preparation is guaranteed; the rock sample prepared by the method is close to the actual rock core, and can completely meet the research requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of carbonate reservoir development, in particular to a preparation method of a pore-gap crack type artificial core of carbonate.
Background
The carbonate reservoir is rich in reserves and large in development potential, and 6 of large oil and gas fields ranked 10 above the global rank are carbonate rocks, so that the carbonate rocks are one of the most important oil and gas reservoir types; the most remarkable characteristic of carbonate reservoirs is that the reservoir types are complex, including pore type, pore-fracture type, fracture type and the like; among them, pore-fracture type reservoirs are most widely distributed and most deeply affected.
The rock core is important data for developing pore-fracture type oil and gas reservoir description, and has irreplaceable effects on researching the microstructure, physical parameters and seepage capability of a reservoir. The carbonate oil-gas reservoir fracture development degree is high, the distribution characteristics are complex, and a representative core sample is difficult to obtain by a conventional sampling method. At present, the conventional fracture description method mainly comprises core description and well logging interpretation, and considering that the lateral identification distance of the two data is only about meter level, and the leakage radius of the whole oil and gas reservoir can reach kilometer level, a dynamic well testing interpretation method must be introduced into fracture description. Regarding the preparation of the carbonate rock artificial core, the most central technical link is the selection of a seam forming means, and the most widely applied seam forming technology at the present stage comprises uniform splitting, stress loading and directional etching. However, the above method has disadvantages in the following aspects when applied to the artificial core:
firstly, the seam is difficult to make, and the irreversible damage of the rock core can be generated no matter loading stress or splitting;
secondly, the stress gradient change is large after the core is pressurized, and the uneven deformation of cracks is easily caused;
and thirdly, the core size is limited and does not meet the geometric similarity with a real oil and gas reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a pore-cracking type carbonate rock artificial core aiming at the problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a pore crack type carbonate rock artificial core comprises the following specific steps:
s1, judging the type of the carbonate oil and gas reservoir by using a well testing log-log curve;
if the reservoir type is a pore type reservoir, ending the execution;
if the reservoir type is a pore-fracture type reservoir, continuing to execute S2;
s2, evaluating the crack development degree according to the logging crack index model; wherein, the logging fracture index model is as follows: i is f ＝3.04×LLS/LLD+0.69×(φ t -φ s ) -3.23; in the formula I f Is the crack index; LLS is shallow lateral resistivity; LLD is the deep lateral resistivity; phi is a t Logging total porosity; phi is a s Is the acoustic porosity;
the evaluation standard of the crack development degree is as follows:
I f when < 1, the crack is defined as not developing; 5 is more than I f When the crack growth rate is more than or equal to 1, defining the crack growth rate as weak crack growth; 12 is more than or equal to I f When the crack growth rate is more than or equal to 5, the crack growth rate is defined; i is f When the ratio is more than 12, the crack is defined as the crack development;
s3, judging whether the crack development degree is crack development;
if yes, go to S4;
if not, the execution is finished;
s4, determining rock sample fracture parameters and making a rock sample; wherein the rock sample fracture parameters comprise the number of fractures, the length of the fractures and the inclination angle of the fractures;
the calculation formula of the number of cracks is as follows: n ═ I f ×L/r e In the formula, N is the number of cracks; l represents the equivalent length of the artificial core; r is e Represents the supply radius of the reservoir;
the calculation formula of the crack length is as follows: x is the number of fD ＝2x f ×L/r e In the formula, x fD The artificial core is half-long in cracks; x is the number of f The half-length of the crack is fitted to a log-log curve of the test well;
the crack dip angle comprises a high-angle crack and a low-angle crack; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
if the LLD is larger than the LLS, judging the crack inclination angle is a high-angle crack;
and if the LLD is less than or equal to the LLS, judging the crack inclination angle is a low-angle crack.
Preferably, the determination method of the porous reservoir is as follows: on the log-log curve of the well test, if the lead line is a horizontal line, the reservoir type is determined to be a pore type reservoir;
the judgment mode of the pore-fracture type reservoir is as follows: on the log-log curve of the well test, concave seeds appear in the middle section of the derivative line or a parallel line with the slope 1/2 is formed between the pressure line and the derivative line, and the reservoir type is determined to be a pore-fracture type reservoir.
Preferably, the method for making the rock sample comprises the following specific steps:
s31, crushing the carbonate rock selected in advance by using a sample preparation crusher to obtain rock debris A;
s32, screening the rock debris A, the calcium powder and the clay, and mixing the rock debris A, the calcium powder and the clay with epoxy resin to manufacture a matrix rock block;
if the rock debris A is made of rock in the pore-type reservoir, continuing to execute S34;
if the rock debris a is made of rock in a pore-fracture type reservoir, continuing to execute S33;
s33, acquiring the number of cracks and the length information of the cracks related to the rock debris A, processing a copper sheet, acquiring the crack inclination angle information related to the rock debris A, pre-filling the copper sheet into the matrix rock mass according to the corresponding crack inclination angle, and continuing to execute S34;
s34, placing the prepared matrix rock block into an artificial rock core mould, and continuously pressurizing to 13-17 MPa until the epoxy resin is cured;
s35, repeatedly leaching the matrix rock mass prepared in the S34 by adopting an ammonium chloride solution until no bubbles emerge;
s36, judging whether the matrix rock block obtained in S35 contains copper sheet residues,
if yes, go on to S35;
if not, repeatedly saturating distilled water in the matrix rock mass, and drying the sample;
s37, continuously applying confining pressure and internal pressure to the dried matrix rock block in the S36, and aging the matrix rock block;
and S38, performing rock sample qualification test on the matrix rock block obtained in the step S37.
Preferably, the content of the carbonate rock in the rock debris A is more than 88%, and the particle size of the rock debris A is 60-300 meshes.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the ammonium chloride solution is 40-45 wt%.
Preferably, the confining pressure and the internal pressure are applied for 25 to 35 hours in S37.
Preferably, the rock sample qualification test in the step S38 comprises a triaxial stress test, a seam making success rate test and a wettability test; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the qualified standard of the matrix rock in the triaxial stress test is as follows: the confining pressure is gradually reduced from 30MPa to the normal pressure condition, and the damage degree of the permeability of the rock core is less than 20%;
the qualified standard of the matrix rock in the seam making success rate test is as follows: the relative error rate of fracture length and opening is no greater than 30%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the rock debris A, the calcium powder, the clay and the epoxy resin in the S32 is as follows: 60-75: 15-20: 10-22: 12.5-14.5.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the preparation method of the pore fracture type carbonate rock artificial core adopts a mode of combining a well logging method and a well testing method, firstly, qualitatively distinguishing the type of a reservoir through a well testing log-log curve, and then evaluating the fracture development degree according to a fracture index model provided by well logging; therefore, the fracture description method realizes the organic combination of static (logging) and dynamic (well testing), qualitative and quantitative;
the fracture parameters in the preparation method of the pore fracture type carbonate rock artificial core provided by the invention comprise the number of the fractures, the length of the fractures and the inclination angle of the fractures, so that the complexity of the fracture form is comprehensively described, and meanwhile, the parameters are quantitatively obtained through well testing and well logging and then converted into the size of the parameters required by a rock sample, so that the fracture description result can be directly applied to the preparation of the artificial core;
the rock sample manufacturing method adopts a seam making means of copper sheet pre-filling and ammonium chloride solution leaching, and compared with the conventional seam making method, the rock core prepared by the method has the advantages of high pore-crack reduction degree, small crack aspect ratio, less fillers, higher pressure bearing range and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the pore-cracking type carbonate rock artificial core provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps:
s1, judging the type of the carbonate oil and gas reservoir by using a well testing log-log curve;
if the reservoir type is a pore type reservoir, ending the execution;
if the reservoir type is a pore-fracture type reservoir, continuing to execute S2;
the judgment mode of the pore type reservoir is as follows: on the log-log curve of the well test, if the lead line is a horizontal line, the reservoir type is determined to be a pore type reservoir;
the judgment mode of the pore-fracture type reservoir is as follows: on the log-log curve of the well test, if a concave seed appears in the middle section of the derivative line or the pressure line and the derivative line are parallel lines with the slope of 1/2, the reservoir type is determined to be a pore-fracture type reservoir;
s2, evaluating the crack development degree according to the logging crack index model;
wherein, the logging fracture index model is as follows: i is f ＝3.04×LLS/LLD+0.69×(φ t -φ s )-3.23；
In the formula I f Is the crack index; LLS is shallow lateral resistivity; LLD is the deep lateral resistivity; phi is a t Logging total porosity; phi is a s Is the acoustic porosity;
the evaluation standard of the crack development degree is as follows:
I f when < 1, the crack is defined as not developing;
5＞I f when the crack growth rate is more than or equal to 1, defining the crack growth rate as weak crack growth;
12≥I f when the crack growth rate is more than or equal to 5, the crack growth rate is defined;
I f when the ratio is more than 12, the crack is defined as the crack development;
s3, judging whether the crack development degree is crack development;
if yes, go to S4;
if not, the execution is finished;
s4, determining rock sample crack parameters and making a rock sample; wherein the rock sample fracture parameters comprise the number of fractures, the length of the fractures and the inclination angle of the fractures;
the calculation formula of the number of cracks is as follows: n ═ I f ×L/r e In the formula, N is the number of cracks; l represents the equivalent length of the artificial core; r is e Represents the supply radius of the reservoir;
the formula for calculating the crack length is: x is the number of fD ＝2x f ×L/r e In the formula, x fD The crack is half-length of the artificial rock core; x is the number of f The half-length of the crack is fitted to a log-log curve of the test well;
the crack dip angle comprises a high-angle crack and a low-angle crack; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
if the LLD is larger than the LLS, judging the crack inclination angle is a high-angle crack;
and if the LLD is less than or equal to the LLS, judging the crack inclination angle is a low-angle crack.
Example two
Compared with the first embodiment, the method for preparing the rock sample comprises the following specific steps:
s31, crushing the carbonate rock selected in advance by using a sample preparation crusher to obtain rock debris A; the content of carbonate rock in the rock debris A is more than 88%, and the particle size of the rock debris A is 60-300 meshes;
s32, screening the rock debris A, the calcium powder and the clay, and mixing the rock debris A, the calcium powder and the clay with epoxy resin to manufacture a matrix rock block; wherein the mass ratio of the rock debris A to the calcium powder to the clay to the epoxy resin is as follows: 60 to 75:15 to 20:10 to 22:12.5 to 14.5
If the rock debris A is made of rock in the pore-type reservoir, continuing to execute S34;
if the rock debris a is made of rock in a pore-fracture type reservoir, continuing to execute S33;
s33, acquiring the number of cracks and the length information of the cracks related to the rock debris A, processing a copper sheet, acquiring the crack inclination angle information related to the rock debris A, pre-filling the copper sheet into the matrix rock mass according to the corresponding crack inclination angle, and continuing to execute S34;
s34, placing the prepared matrix rock block into an artificial rock core mould, and continuously pressurizing to 13-17 MPa until the epoxy resin is cured;
s35, repeatedly leaching the matrix rock mass prepared in the S34 by adopting an ammonium chloride solution until no bubbles emerge from the matrix rock mass; wherein the mass fraction of the ammonium chloride solution is 40-45 wt%;
s36, judging whether the matrix rock block obtained in S35 contains copper sheet residues,
if yes, go on to S35;
if not, repeatedly saturating the matrix rock with distilled water, and drying the sample;
s37, continuously applying confining pressure and internal pressure to the dried matrix rock block in the S36, and aging the matrix rock block; wherein the time for applying confining pressure and internal pressure is 25-35 h;
s38, performing rock sample qualification test on the matrix rock block obtained in the step S37;
the rock sample qualification test comprises a triaxial stress test, a seam making success rate test and a wettability test; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the qualified standard of the matrix rock in the triaxial stress test is as follows: the confining pressure is gradually reduced from 30MPa to the normal pressure condition, and the damage degree of the permeability of the rock core is less than 20%;
the qualified standard of the matrix rock in the seam making success rate test is as follows: the relative error rate of fracture length and opening is no greater than 30%.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a pore crack type carbonate rock artificial core is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, judging the type of the carbonate oil and gas reservoir by using a well testing log-log curve;
if the reservoir type is a pore type reservoir, ending the execution;
if the reservoir type is a pore-fracture type reservoir, continuing to execute S2;
s2, evaluating the crack development degree according to the logging crack index model; wherein, the logging fracture index model is as follows: i is f ＝3.04×LLS/LLD+0.69×(φ t -φ s ) -3.23; in the formula I f Is the crack index; LLS is shallow lateral resistivity; LLD is the deep lateral resistivity; phi is a t Logging total porosity; phi is a s Is the acoustic porosity;
the evaluation standard of the crack development degree is as follows:
I f when < 1, the crack is defined as not developing; 5 is more than I f When the crack growth rate is more than or equal to 1, the crack growth rate is defined as weak crack growth; 12 is more than or equal to I f When the crack growth rate is more than or equal to 5, the crack growth rate is defined; i is f When the average molecular weight is more than 12, the crack development is defined;
s3, judging whether the crack development degree is crack development;
if yes, go to S4;
if not, the execution is finished;
s4, determining rock sample fracture parameters and making a rock sample; wherein the rock sample fracture parameters comprise the number of fractures, the length of the fractures and the inclination angle of the fractures;
the calculation formula of the number of the cracks is as follows: n ═ I f ×L/r e In the formula, N is the number of cracks; l represents the equivalent length of the artificial core; r is a radical of hydrogen e Representing the supply radius of the reservoir;
the formula for calculating the crack length is: x is the number of fD ＝2x f ×L/r e In the formula, x fD The crack is half-length of the artificial rock core; x is the number of f The half-length of the crack is fitted to a log-log curve of the test well;
the crack dip angle comprises a high-angle crack and a low-angle crack; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
if the LLD is larger than the LLS, judging the crack inclination angle is a high-angle crack;
and if the LLD is less than or equal to the LLS, judging the crack inclination angle is a low-angle crack.
2. The method for preparing the artificial core of the pore type carbonate rock according to claim 1, wherein the judgment mode of the pore type reservoir stratum is as follows: on the log-log curve of the well test, if the lead line is a horizontal line, the reservoir type is determined to be a pore type reservoir;
the judgment mode of the pore-fracture type reservoir is as follows: and on the log-log curve of the well test, a concave seed appears in the middle section of the derivative line or a parallel line with the slope of 1/2 is formed between the pressure line and the derivative line, and the reservoir type is determined to be a pore-fracture type reservoir.
3. The preparation method of the pore-cracking type carbonate rock artificial core according to claim 1, characterized in that the method for preparing the rock sample comprises the following specific steps:
s31, crushing the carbonate rock selected in advance by using a sample preparation crusher to obtain rock debris A;
s32, screening the rock debris A, the calcium powder and the clay, and mixing the rock debris A, the calcium powder and the clay with epoxy resin to manufacture a matrix rock block;
if the rock debris A is made of rock in the pore-type reservoir, continuing to execute S34;
if the rock debris a is made of rock in a pore-fracture type reservoir, continuing to execute S33;
s33, acquiring the number of cracks and the length information of the cracks related to the rock debris A, processing a copper sheet, acquiring the crack inclination angle information related to the rock debris A, pre-filling the copper sheet into the matrix rock mass according to the corresponding crack inclination angle, and continuing to execute S34;
s34, placing the prepared matrix rock block into an artificial rock core mould, and continuously pressurizing to 13-17 MPa until the epoxy resin is cured;
s35, repeatedly leaching the matrix rock mass prepared in the S34 by adopting an ammonium chloride solution until no bubbles emerge;
s36, judging whether the matrix rock block obtained in S35 contains copper sheet residues,
if yes, go on to S35;
if not, repeatedly saturating distilled water in the matrix rock mass, and drying the sample;
s37, continuously applying confining pressure and internal pressure to the dried matrix rock block in the S36, and aging the matrix rock block;
and S38, performing rock sample qualification test on the matrix rock block obtained in the step S37.
4. The method for preparing the pore-cracking type carbonate rock artificial core according to claim 3, wherein the content of the carbonate rock in the rock debris A is more than 88%, and the particle size of the rock debris A is 60-300 meshes.
5. The method for preparing the pore-cracking carbonate rock artificial core according to claim 3, wherein the mass fraction of the ammonium chloride solution is 40-45 wt%.
6. The method for preparing the pore-cracking carbonate rock artificial core according to claim 3, wherein the confining pressure and the internal pressure are applied for 25-35 h in S37.
7. The method for preparing the pore-cracking type carbonate rock artificial core according to claim 3, wherein the rock sample qualification test in the S38 comprises a triaxial stress test, a crack forming success rate test and a wettability test; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the qualified standard of the matrix rock in the triaxial stress test is as follows: the confining pressure is gradually reduced from 30MPa to the normal pressure condition, and the damage degree of the permeability of the rock core is less than 20%;
the qualified standard of the matrix rock in the seam making success rate test is as follows: the relative error rate of fracture length and opening is no greater than 30%.
8. The method for preparing the pore-cracking carbonate rock artificial core according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the rock debris A, the calcium powder, the clay and the epoxy resin in S32 is as follows: 60-75: 15-20: 10-22: 12.5-14.5.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104089806A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-10-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Man-made rock core with multi-pore structure and preparation method of man-made rock core |
| CN112035993A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-12-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for testing and evaluating carbonate reservoir with constant pressure at bottom |
| CN113702147A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Core manufacturing method |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104089806A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-10-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Man-made rock core with multi-pore structure and preparation method of man-made rock core |
| CN112035993A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-12-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for testing and evaluating carbonate reservoir with constant pressure at bottom |
| CN113702147A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Core manufacturing method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 贾虎等: "缝洞型油气藏物理模拟试验方法研究", 《石油钻探技术》 * |
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