CN111239372A - Carbonate rock pore structure classification method based on overburden seepage experiment - Google Patents
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of reservoir rock pore structure classification in the oil and gas field development process, in particular to a carbonate rock pore structure classification method based on an overburden pressure seepage experiment, which comprises the following steps: preparing a rock sample, and measuring the gas permeability of the rock sample; after the rock sample is saturated with the simulated oil, performing a permeability-confining pressure relation determination experiment to obtain a permeability-confining pressure curve; performing sectional fitting on the permeability-confining pressure curve to obtain a permeability-confining pressure fitting curve, and analyzing the parameter change rate of the sectional fitting; observing the rock core, and primarily judging the pore structure type according to the rock core observation result; according to the difference of the fitting parameter change rates of different sections and by combining the core observation result and the theoretical analysis of the permeability-confining pressure fitting curve characteristics, the pore structure types of the core are divided, and the pore structure classification result of the classification method provided by the invention is closer to the actual situation of the carbonate reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of reservoir rock pore structure classification in the oil and gas field development process, in particular to a carbonate rock pore structure classification method based on an overburden vadose experiment.
Background
The characterization and classification methods of the rock pore structure are many, for example, mercury intrusion, cast body slices, nuclear magnetic resonance and other means can be used for rock pore structure research and classification, but the classification of the rock pore structure by adopting the methods is only a static analysis and evaluation result, and does not reflect the pore structure and the dynamic change characteristics thereof under the actual formation conditions, particularly carbonate reservoir, crack development and high pressure generally, in the development process, the oil layer pressure is attenuated quickly, the rock pore structure is changed continuously, and the pore structure type is divided by adopting a dynamic evaluation means.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a carbonate rock pore structure classification method based on an overburden seepage experiment, which can solve the problems in the prior art.
The invention provides a carbonate rock pore structure classification method based on an overburden seepage experiment, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a rock sample, and measuring the gas permeability of the rock sample;
after the rock sample is saturated with the simulated oil, performing a permeability-confining pressure relation determination experiment to obtain a permeability-confining pressure curve;
performing sectional fitting on the permeability-confining pressure curve to obtain a permeability-confining pressure fitting curve, and analyzing the parameter change rate of the sectional fitting;
observing the rock core, and primarily judging the pore structure type according to the rock core observation result;
and dividing the pore structure type of the rock core according to the difference of the fitting parameter change rates of different sections and by combining the rock core observation result and the theoretical analysis of the permeability-confining pressure fitting curve characteristics.
Preferably, the piecewise fitting method of the permeability-confining pressure curve comprises the following steps:
dividing a permeability-confining pressure curve into a high-pressure section and a low-pressure section, and respectively fitting data of the high-pressure section and the low-pressure section by adopting the following formula (1):
K＝aP-b (1)
in the formula, K is the oil phase permeability under a certain confining pressure, P is the confining pressure, and a and b are fitting parameters.
Preferably, the method of fitting the parameter change rate analysis is:
the rates of change △ a and △ b of the parameters fitted from the low pressure section to the high pressure section were calculated using equations (2) and (3):
where △ a and △ b are the rates of change of the fitting parameters for the low pressure section to the high pressure section, respectively, and a1, a2, b1, and b2 are the low pressure section and high pressure section fitting parameters, respectively.
Preferably, the core observation method comprises the following steps:
observing the appearance of the rock core, slicing the rock core, observing the size of pores, mineral composition and micro-crack distribution of the sliced rock core under an electron microscope, and then primarily judging the type of the pore structure.
Preferably, the result of the division of the pore structure type is:
according to core observation, the core pore structure types are divided into a crack type and a matrix pore type, and the crack type pore structure is divided into a crack micropore and a crack dissolving pore;
the pore structure is of a crack type when △ a > 50%, the pore structure is of a crack type when △ a < 50%, the pore structure is of a matrix pore type when 50% < △ b < 70%, the pore structure is of a crack solution pore type when 50% < △ b < 70%, and the pore structure is of a crack micropore type when △ b > 70%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the method, under the condition of simulating an actual stratum, the seepage characteristics of the carbonate rock core under different confining pressure conditions are tested to obtain a permeability-confining pressure curve, the permeability-confining pressure curve is subjected to sectional fitting to obtain fitting parameters, the variation rate difference of the fitting parameters is analyzed, and the type of the rock pore structure is divided by combining related theoretical analysis and rock core observation, so that the obtained pore structure classification result is closer to the real condition of the carbonate rock reservoir.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of classification of a pore structure of rock according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an experimental apparatus for measuring a relationship between permeability and confining pressure according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a graph of a piecewise fit of permeability versus confining pressure for different cores of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a carbonate rock pore structure classification method based on an overburden seepage experiment, which comprises the following steps:
preparation of experimental materials and equipment:
① the experimental material comprises rock sample and fluid, wherein the experimental rock sample is obtained from actual carbonate rock stratum, the natural rock sample is sealed by paraffin and sent to laboratory, after drilling and cutting, the rock sample is numbered, and then the rock sample is washed by mixture of ethanol and benzeneThe method comprises the following steps of cleaning the rock sample after 5-7 days generally, taking out the rock sample, drying the rock sample in a drying oven, removing water in the rock sample, setting the temperature to be 80 ℃, generally needing about 10 hours, and then measuring the gas permeability of the rock sample by adopting a soap foam flow meter method. The experimental fluid adopts kerosene and simulated oil, the kerosene is mainly used for a constant flow pump and an intermediate container, and the density of the kerosene is 0.785g/cm3The viscosity was 1.558 mPa.s. The simulated oil is mainly used as a core seepage medium and prepared by blending crude oil, normal sunflower alkane and kerosene, and has the viscosity and the density of 0.9402mPa.s and 0.741g/cm respectively3。
② the experimental equipment mainly includes a thermostat, a piston type intermediate container, a pressure gauge, a high pressure constant flow pump, a high temperature and high pressure core holder, a ring pressure tracking pump, a flowmeter, an electronic balance and a vacuum pump, the pressure range of the high pressure constant flow pump is 0-65MPa, the flow range is 0.00001-50mL/min, the temperature resistance of the high temperature and high pressure core holder is 100 ℃ at most, the pressure resistance of the high temperature and high pressure core holder is 100MPa at most, the highest temperature of the thermostat can reach 120 ℃, the connection mode of the equipment is as shown in figure 2, the outlet of the high pressure constant flow pump is connected with the inlet of the piston type intermediate container, the outlet of the piston type intermediate container is connected with the pressure gauge, the pressure gauge is connected with the inlet of the.
Determination of permeability-confining pressure relation curve:
①, firstly, weighing the mass of the core by using an electronic balance, recording as m1, then, extracting air in the pores of the core by using a vacuum pump until the inside of the pores of the core reaches a vacuum state, filling simulated oil into the pores of the core to ensure that the pores are completely saturated with the simulated oil, then, soaking the core into a beaker filled with the simulated oil, then, placing the beaker into a constant temperature box, wherein the constant temperature box is set to be the formation temperature of the depth of the core, and aging the core in the simulated oil is carried out for about 15 days.
② taking out the core from the beaker, weighing on an electronic balance, and recording the mass as m2, wherein the pore volume Vp is (m2-m1)/0.741, the porosity of the core can be calculated, the porosity phi is Vp/VL, and VL is the external volume of the core, opening a piston type intermediate container, pressing a piston into the bottom, filling the piston type intermediate container with simulated oil, connecting an experimental pipeline according to the connection mode of figure 2, loading the core into a core holder, opening a ring pressure tracking pump, applying confining pressure to the core, opening a high-pressure constant flow pump, and setting a proper displacement pressure to ensure that the confining pressure is 2.5-3MPa higher than the displacement pressure, and displacing the core by using the simulated oil by at least 5PV (pore volume).
③ measuring and recording outlet flow of the holder by using a flowmeter under the displacement pressure condition, keeping the displacement pressure unchanged, adjusting a ring pressure tracking pump to slowly increase confining pressure, namely slowly increasing effective stress, wherein the pressurizing interval is generally 3-5MPa, keeping the pressure at each set confining pressure point for more than 30min, testing and recording the flow, the confining pressure is increased to 30MPa (can be adjusted according to the actual formation covering pressure condition), immediately stopping a high-pressure constant flow pump after the test is finished, emptying experimental pipeline fluid, reducing the ring pressure tracking pump pressure, namely confining pressure, to 0, opening the core holder, taking out a core, putting the core into a beaker containing simulation oil, closing the pump, and finishing the experiment.
Fitting of experimental data:
① according to the flow and the displacement pressure obtained by the experiment, and combining the core size and the simulated oil viscosity data, the core oil phase permeability under different confining pressure conditions is obtained by calculation according to Darcy's law, and a permeability-confining pressure curve is drawn in a coordinate system by taking the permeability as a vertical coordinate and the confining pressure as a horizontal coordinate.
②, dividing a permeability-confining pressure curve into two parts, wherein one part is a high-pressure section (confining pressure is more than 10MPa) and the permeability of the high-pressure section changes slowly along with the confining pressure, the other part is a low-pressure section (confining pressure is less than 10MPa) and the permeability of the low-pressure section changes rapidly along with the confining pressure, the two sections are fitted by exponential functions, and the following fitting equations are adopted to respectively fit the data of the high-pressure section and the low-pressure section:
K＝aP-b (1)
in the formula, K is the oil phase permeability under a certain confining pressure, P is the confining pressure, and a and b are fitting parameters. And analyzing and comparing the difference of the fitting parameters of the low-pressure section and the high-pressure section.
③ the fitting parameters for the high pressure and low pressure sections are further processed by calculating the rates of change △ a and △ b of the fitting parameters from the low pressure section to the high pressure section using the following equations:
in the formula, a1 and a2 are fitting parameters of a low pressure section and a high pressure section, respectively, and b1 and b2 are fitting parameters of a low pressure section and a high pressure section, respectively.
And (3) core observation:
when the core is observed, firstly, the appearance of the core is preliminarily observed, including crack development, lithology and the like, then, the appearance characteristics of the core are observed in detail under a microscope, finally, the section is cut under a scanning electron microscope to determine the pore size, mineral composition, micro crack distribution and the like of the core, the initial judgment on the pore structure type is carried out by combining the core observation, the pore structure type of the core can be divided into two types, namely a crack type and a matrix pore type, and the crack type pore structure is divided into two types, namely a crack micropore and a crack dissolution hole.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, a series of permeability-confining pressure curves are obtained by testing the oil phase permeability of a carbonate rock core in a certain area of the fada basin under different confining pressure conditions, the permeability-confining pressure curves are plotted and divided into a high pressure section and a low pressure section, then the data of the high pressure section and the low pressure section are respectively fitted, the obtained fitting parameters are shown in table 1, and the fitting parameter change rates △ a and △ b of the low pressure section and the high pressure section are calculated according to the formula (2) and the formula (3).
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
As shown in table 1, the cores △ a and △ b have a large difference in the types of pore structures, and the types of pore structures of the cores can be classified according to the difference in the ranges of △ a and △ b.
According to the core observation, the carbonate rock core is found to have two types of pore structures, namely a crack micro-pore and a crack dissolving pore, from the large type, and the crack micro-pore and the crack dissolving pore exist, for the crack type pore structure, theoretical analysis shows that the fitting parameter difference of a crack micro-pore type low-pressure section and a crack high-pressure section is large, the fitting parameter difference of a pore matrix type low-pressure section and a pore matrix type high-pressure section is small, for the crack dissolving pore, the difference is centered, the core pore structure types can be firstly divided into two types according to the size of △ a, namely a matrix pore type and a crack type, △ a 50% is the crack type, △ a < 50% is the matrix pore type, further, according to the size of △ b, the crack type pore structure types are subdivided, when 50% is less than △ b < 70%, the crack dissolving pore type is adopted, when △ b < 70%, the crack classifying result is the micro-pore type, and the final pore structure type classifying result is shown in table 2.
In conclusion, the testing method provided by the invention has the advantages that the seepage characteristics of the carbonate rock core under different confining pressure conditions are tested under the condition of simulating an actual stratum, the permeability-confining pressure relation data are obtained, the data are subjected to segmented fitting to obtain fitting parameters, the variation rate difference of the fitting parameters is analyzed, and the rock pore structure type is divided by combining related theoretical analysis and rock core observation, so that the obtained pore structure classification result is closer to the actual condition of the carbonate rock reservoir, the testing efficiency is high, the experimental method is simple, the operation is easy, and the popularization is worthy.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
1. A carbonate rock pore structure classification method based on an overburden seepage experiment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a rock sample, and measuring the gas permeability of the rock sample;
after the rock sample is saturated with the simulated oil, performing a permeability-confining pressure relation determination experiment to obtain a permeability-confining pressure curve;
performing sectional fitting on the permeability-confining pressure curve to obtain a permeability-confining pressure fitting curve, and analyzing the parameter change rate of the sectional fitting;
observing the rock core, and primarily judging the pore structure type according to the rock core observation result;
and dividing the pore structure type of the rock core according to the difference of the fitting parameter change rates of different sections and by combining the rock core observation result and the theoretical analysis of the permeability-confining pressure fitting curve characteristics.
2. The method for carbonate pore structure classification based on the overburden seepage flow experiment as recited in claim 1, wherein the method for piecewise fitting the permeability-confining pressure curve comprises the following steps:
dividing a permeability-confining pressure curve into a high-pressure section and a low-pressure section, and respectively fitting data of the high-pressure section and the low-pressure section by adopting the following formula (1):
K＝aP-b (1)
in the formula, K is the oil phase permeability under a certain confining pressure, P is the confining pressure, and a and b are fitting parameters.
3. The method for carbonate rock pore structure classification based on the overburden seepage flow experiment as recited in claim 2, wherein the method for fitting parameter change rate analysis comprises the following steps:
the rates of change △ a and △ b of the parameters fitted from the low pressure section to the high pressure section were calculated using equations (2) and (3):
where △ a and △ b are the rates of change of the fitting parameters for the low pressure section to the high pressure section, respectively, and a1, a2, b1, and b2 are the low pressure section and high pressure section fitting parameters, respectively.
4. The method for carbonate rock pore structure classification based on the overburden seepage test as recited in claim 1, wherein the method for preliminarily judging the core pore structure type comprises the following steps:
observing the appearance of the rock core, slicing the rock core, observing the size of pores, mineral composition and micro-crack distribution of the sliced rock core under an electron microscope, and then primarily judging the type of the pore structure.
5. The method for carbonate rock pore structure classification based on the overburden seepage flow experiment as recited in claim 3, wherein the conditions for classifying the pore structure types are as follows:
according to core observation, the core pore structure types are divided into a crack type and a matrix pore type, and the crack type pore structure is divided into a crack micropore and a crack dissolving pore;
the pore structure is of a crack type when △ a > 50%, the pore structure is of a crack type when △ a < 50%, the pore structure is of a matrix pore type when 50% < △ b < 70%, the pore structure is of a crack solution pore type when 50% < △ b < 70%, and the pore structure is of a crack micropore type when △ b > 70%.
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