CN114987279A

CN114987279A - Fast-assembling device and method for power battery and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN114987279A
Application number: CN202210658000.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵豪儒; 王振涛; 张占江; 孙焕丽; 裴小娟; 吕晓谦
Original assignee: FAW Group Corp
Current assignee: FAW Group Corp
Priority date: 2022-06-10
Filing date: 2022-06-10
Publication date: 2022-09-02
Also published as: WO2023237077A1

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy electric vehicles, and discloses a quick assembly device and a method of a power battery and a vehicle. The invention simplifies the battery end assembly, realizes the vehicle end driving and controlling of unlocking and locking of the power battery, is beneficial to simplifying the battery replacement platform equipment, and has good universality and high reliability.

Description

Fast-assembling device and method for power battery and vehicle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy electric automobiles, in particular to a quick-mounting device and method for a power battery and a vehicle.

Background

The new energy automobile has the advantages of environmental protection, but endurance is the most important problem for limiting the development of the new energy automobile. At present, the charging of a power battery of an electric automobile is difficult to complete in a short time, so that the main scheme for ensuring that a new energy automobile can supplement electric energy in a short time is 'battery replacement'. The 'battery replacement' is to replace a power battery which is fully charged in advance with a power battery which needs to supplement electric energy on the new energy automobile so as to achieve the purpose of rapidly supplementing electric energy.

The conventional electric automobile battery replacing mechanism needs to rely on a special battery replacing device of a battery replacing station, namely the battery replacing device of the battery replacing station is bound with a battery replacing structure, and the battery replacing platform is poor in universality and causes resource waste of the battery replacing platform; at present, power battery replacement mainly comprises modes of lateral power battery replacement, bottom power battery replacement and the like, a power battery replacement mechanism comprises a semi-fixed bolt fastening mode, a ratchet wheel buckling mode, an unlocking connecting rod sliding block mode and other various implementation modes, the mechanical service life of clamping connection is longer, the mechanism is complex, locking and unlocking control is manual operation, automation is not high, and locking reliability is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a quick assembly device for a power battery, which solves the problems of complex structure of a battery end and poor locking reliability

The invention provides a quick assembly method of a power battery, which aims to solve the problems of poor reliability and low assembly and disassembly efficiency of the power battery caused by a complicated battery end structure.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle to solve the problems of complex structure and poor reliability of the quick-assembly device of the power battery.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a fast-assembling device of power battery includes:

the battery end component is fixed on the power battery and comprises a lock tongue, and the lock tongue comprises a sliding part and a protruding part which are connected with each other;

the vehicle end assembly is fixed on the vehicle body; the vehicle end assembly is matched with the battery end assembly to unlock or lock the power battery on the vehicle body;

the car end assembly includes:

the shell is fixed on the vehicle body and provided with a slide way and an accommodating cavity in the vertical direction, the sliding part of the lock tongue can be connected in the slide way in a sliding way, and the protruding part of the lock tongue protrudes out of the slide way;

the lock shaft is rotatably connected to the shell, one end of the lock shaft is provided with a lock tooth, and the lock tooth can be clamped and matched with the protruding part of the lock tongue to realize locking or unlocking; the other end of the lock shaft is provided with a driving tooth, the driving tooth and the lock tooth are coaxially arranged, and the driving tooth is positioned in the accommodating cavity;

the locking block is of a fan-shaped ring structure, the large-diameter end of the fan-shaped ring structure is a concave arc, inner teeth are arranged on the concave arc, the small-diameter end of the fan-shaped ring structure is provided with a limiting groove extending along the arc direction of the small-diameter end, the locking block is located in the accommodating cavity, and when the locking block is respectively abutted against the inner walls of the two sides of the accommodating cavity, the inner teeth can be meshed with or separated from the driving teeth to limit the rotating direction of the driving teeth;

the control assembly can control the movement of the locking block to respectively abut against the inner walls of the two sides of the accommodating cavity, and the control assembly is in communication connection with the whole vehicle controller.

Optionally, the control assembly further comprises:

the control gear, the control gear is located hold the intracavity, be equipped with the guide bar that extends along circumference on the control gear, the guide bar can slide in the spacing inslot and drive the locking piece removes.

One end of the rack is meshed with the control gear;

the output end of the driving mechanism is connected with one end of the rack so as to drive the rack to move;

the electric control module is in communication connection with the driving mechanism;

the connector module is installed outside the shell and used for being connected with the vehicle control unit, and the connector module is connected with the electric control module.

Optionally, the housing has a bearing hole, and the lock shaft is inserted into the bearing hole to be rotatably connected to the housing.

Optionally, the control gear has a mounting hole, an elastic member is disposed in the mounting hole, and the guide rod is inserted into the mounting hole and can compress the elastic member to extend and retract, so that the guide rod can be stopped against between the control gear and the locking block.

Optionally, the both sides face of the path end of locking piece is equipped with the step face, the one end towards the mounting hole of control gear is equipped with the limiting plate, the limiting plate with the step face is laminated mutually in order to carry out the axial spacing.

Optionally, the control assembly further comprises two sensors, the two sensors are arranged in the slide and respectively correspond to the locking position and the unlocking position of the lock tongue, and the sensors are in communication connection with the electronic control module.

Optionally, the car end subassembly still includes the damping piece, the damping piece is located the slide orientation the one end of locking position, the spring bolt is in can stop in during the locking position the damping piece.

Optionally, the battery end assemblies and the vehicle end assemblies are respectively provided in a plurality, and the vehicle end assemblies and the battery end assemblies are arranged in one-to-one correspondence.

The invention also provides a quick assembly method of the power battery, and according to the quick assembly device of the power battery provided by the invention, the quick assembly method of the power battery comprises the following steps:

and (3) locking the power battery:

s11, the control assembly receives the locking instruction, drives the locking block to abut against the inner wall of one side of the containing cavity, at the moment, the driving tooth has clockwise rotation limit, and the locking tooth can only rotate clockwise;

s12, lifting the power battery to the lower part of the vehicle end assembly by adopting a tray, so that the bolt corresponds to the position of the slide way;

s13, the tray continues to lift the power battery upwards, and the bolt slides upwards along the slide way until the bolt touches the lock tooth;

s14, the lock tongue continues to slide upwards and drives the lock tooth to rotate clockwise until the lock tongue is locked in place, the tray is removed, and the power battery is locked on the vehicle end assembly;

the power battery unlocking process comprises the following steps:

s21, supporting the tray below the power battery;

s22, after the control assembly receives an unlocking signal, when the locking block is driven to abut against the inner wall of the opposite side of the accommodating cavity, the driving tooth has anticlockwise rotation limiting, and the locking tooth can only rotate anticlockwise;

s23, under the gravity of the power battery, the lock tooth rotates anticlockwise to unlock the lock tongue;

and S24, continuously descending the power battery to an unlocking position, and unlocking the power battery.

The invention also provides a vehicle which comprises the power battery, wherein the power battery is connected to the vehicle body through the quick assembly device of the power battery.

The invention provides a quick assembly device of a power battery, which comprises a battery end component fixed on the power battery, wherein the battery end component comprises a lock tongue, so that the battery end component is simplified; the quick-mounting device of the power battery comprises a vehicle end assembly, the vehicle end assembly is fixed on a vehicle body, the vehicle end assembly is in communication connection with a vehicle control unit, vehicle end driving and control of unlocking and locking of the power battery are achieved, battery replacement platform equipment is simplified, universality is good, and quick battery replacement or battery disassembly can be completed as long as a common tray is arranged in any battery replacement station or any occasion without supporting special battery replacement equipment of a power station; the lock tooth of the lock tongue of the battery end component and the lock tooth of the vehicle end component are a clamping type quick-change mechanism, so that the battery replacing speed is high, the mechanism is simple, and the reliability is high.

According to the quick assembly method of the power battery, the rotation direction of the driving teeth is initially set before locking and unlocking, so that the locking teeth can only rotate clockwise in a locking state, and the locking teeth can only rotate anticlockwise in an unlocking state, the reliable control of locking and unlocking is improved, and the battery replacement speed is high; the power battery only needs the tray to support and lift the power battery when being locked and unlocked, and the power battery realizes locking and unlocking under the action of gravity, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in control and good universality.

The vehicle provided by the invention is a new energy electric vehicle, the power battery is arranged on the vehicle body through the quick-assembly device of the power battery, the quick-assembly structure of the power battery is simplified, the vehicle end control of the power battery is realized, the battery replacement platform is simplified, the quick assembly and disassembly are realized, and the reliability is high.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a quick-assembly device for a power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a quick-assembly device for power batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic back structural view of a quick-assembly device (locked state) for a power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the front side (with the casing removed) of a quick assembly device for power batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a rear view of the housing of the quick assembly device for power batteries (without the rear cover) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a front view of a locking block in the quick assembly device for power batteries according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a control gear in a quick-assembly device for a power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a rack in a quick-assembly device for a power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. a battery end assembly; 11. a latch bolt; 111. a sliding part; 112. a protrusion;

2. a vehicle end assembly; 21. a housing; 211. a slideway; 212. an accommodating chamber; 213. a bearing bore; 214. a rear cover; 22. a lock shaft; 221. locking teeth; 222. a drive tooth; 23. a locking block; 231. internal teeth; 232. a limiting groove; 233. a step surface; 24. a control component; 241. a control gear; 2411. a guide bar; 2412. mounting holes; 2413. a limiting plate; 242. a rack; 2421. a large tooth; 2422. small teeth; 243. a drive mechanism; 244. an electronic control module; 245. a connector module; 25. a sensor; 26. a damping block.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of them.

In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature "on," "above" and "over" the second feature may include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. "beneath," "under" and "beneath" a first feature includes the first feature being directly beneath and obliquely beneath the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.

The invention provides a quick assembly device of a power battery, which comprises a battery end component 1 and a vehicle end component 2, wherein the battery end component 1 is fixed on the power battery, the vehicle end component 2 is fixed on a vehicle body, and the vehicle end component 2 is matched with the battery end component 1 to unlock or lock the power battery on the vehicle body. It should be noted that, usually, the battery end assemblies 1 are symmetrically arranged at intervals along the hanging point of the power battery, and correspondingly, the vehicle end assemblies 2 are respectively provided with a plurality of vehicle end assemblies 2, and the plurality of vehicle end assemblies 2 and the plurality of battery end assemblies 1 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, so that the multi-point locking installation of the power battery is realized, the locking is firm, and the reliability is high.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the battery end assembly 1 includes the locking tongue 11, and the locking tongue 11 includes the sliding portion 111 and the protruding portion 112 that are connected to each other, so that the structure is simple, and the structure of the battery end assembly 1 is simplified, and the power battery can be quickly replaced or detached only by supporting and lifting the power battery by the tray, so that the requirement on the power replacement equipment is reduced, and the universality is good.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the vehicle end assembly 2 includes a housing 21, a lock shaft 22, a lock block 23 and a control assembly 24, wherein the housing 21 is fixed on the vehicle body, the lock shaft 22 is rotatably connected to the housing 21, and the lock block 23 is connected to the lock shaft 22 for changing and defining the rotation direction of the lock shaft 22. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, the housing 21 has a vertical slide 211 and an accommodating cavity 212, the sliding part 111 of the latch bolt 11 can be slidably connected in the slide 211, and the protrusion 112 of the latch bolt 11 protrudes out of the slide 211; one end of the lock shaft 22 is provided with a lock tooth 221, and the lock tooth 221 can be in clamping fit with the protruding part 112 of the lock tongue 11 to realize locking or unlocking; the other end of the lock shaft 22 is provided with a driving tooth 222, the driving tooth 222 and the lock tooth 221 are coaxially arranged, and the driving tooth 222 is positioned in the accommodating cavity 212; the locking piece 23 is the sector ring structure, as shown in fig. 3 and 6, the major diameter end of the sector ring structure is a concave arc, inner teeth 231 are arranged on the concave arc, the minor diameter end of the sector ring structure is provided with a limiting groove 232 extending along the arc direction of the minor diameter end, the locking piece 23 is located in the accommodating cavity 212, and when the locking piece 23 respectively abuts against the inner walls of the two sides of the accommodating cavity 212, the inner teeth 231 can be meshed with or separated from the driving teeth 222 to limit the rotation direction of the driving teeth 222. It can be seen that car end subassembly 2 is equipped with the mechanical transmission structure who carries out unblock and locking to battery end subassembly 1, and is spacing through the direction of rotation to driving tooth 222, does benefit to the smooth implementation of locking and unblock process to realize the unblock under power battery's action of gravity, only need the tray to lift power battery and rise during the locking and can realize, unblock and locking process are simple, and the control of being convenient for, and the locking is reliable. The control assembly 24 can control the movement of the locking block 23 to respectively abut against the inner walls of the two sides of the accommodating cavity 212, and the control assembly 24 is in communication connection with the vehicle control unit.

According to the quick-mounting device for the power battery, the vehicle end component 2 comprises the control component 24, the control component 24 is in communication connection with the vehicle control unit, vehicle end driving and control of unlocking and locking of the power battery are achieved, battery replacing platform equipment is simplified, universality is good, battery replacing equipment exclusive for a power station can be avoided, namely, in any battery replacing station and any occasion, the lock tongue 11 of the battery end component 1 and the lock tooth 221 of the vehicle end component 2 are of a clamping type quick-changing mechanism, and the quick-mounting device for the power battery has the advantages of being high in battery replacing speed, simple in mechanism and high in reliability.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the control assembly 24 further includes a control gear 241, a rack 242, a driving mechanism 243, an electronic control module 244, and a connector module 245, wherein the control gear 241 is located in the accommodating cavity 212, an elastic guide rod 2411 extending along the circumferential direction is provided on the control gear 241, and the guide rod 2411 can slide in the limiting groove 232 and drive the locking block 23 to move. One end of the rack 242 is engaged with the control gear 241; the output end of the driving mechanism 243 is connected with one end of the rack 242 to drive the rack 242 to move; the electronic control module 244 is in communication connection with the driving mechanism 243; a connector module 245 is mounted outside the housing 21 for connection to the vehicle control unit, and the connector module 245 is connected to the electronic control module 244.

With reference to fig. 1 to 6, in this embodiment, the control component 24 is configured to adjust the position of the locking block 23 before locking and unlocking the power battery, as shown in fig. 3, before locking, the control component 24 controls the locking block 23 to move to the leftmost end of the accommodating cavity 212 and abut against the side wall of the accommodating cavity 212, at this time, because the left side of the locking block 23 is moved and limited, the clockwise rotation trend of the driving tooth 222 on the locking shaft 22 is limited, and therefore, the driving tooth 222 can only rotate counterclockwise, and correspondingly, the locking tooth 221 at the other end of the locking shaft 22 can only rotate clockwise, and in the position state shown in fig. 1, when the battery end assembly 1 moves upward, the locking tooth 221 can be driven to rotate clockwise to be clamped in place and then stopped, at this time, because the counterclockwise rotation of the locking tooth 221 is limited, the power battery is locked. The unlocking process is vice versa, and the fast-assembling method of the power battery is explained in detail in the following section. The connector module 245 can be connected with the vehicle control unit, so that the electronic control module 244 can receive a control command of the vehicle control unit, including a locking command or an unlocking command, through the connector module 245, and further realize vehicle-end control of locking and unlocking the power battery. The connector module 245 is installed outside the housing 21, and the outer end thereof is provided with a pin device for connection and insertion with a vehicle controller, etc. to transmit signals and power.

It should be added that, in this embodiment, one half of the control gear 241 in the circumferential direction is in a gear structure, and the other half is used for mounting the guide rod 2411, so as to adjust and limit the rotation angle of the guide rod 2411. As shown in fig. 8, one end of the rack 242 is provided with a large tooth 2421 for meshing and driving connection with the control gear 241, and the other end of the rack 242 is provided with a small tooth 2422 for connection with an output end of the driving mechanism 243, and an output shaft of the driving mechanism 243 is meshed and transmitted with the small tooth 2422 to realize movement of the rack 242, so as to precisely control the movement distance of the rack 242. The length of the large teeth 2421 on the rack 242 is the same as the spreading length of the gear structure on the control gear 241, so that the rack 242 and the control gear 241 can realize transmission connection of two limit positions, the moving position of the locking block 23 is convenient to limit, and the design occupied space is reduced.

Optionally, the housing 21 has a bearing hole 213, and the lock shaft 22 is inserted into the bearing hole 213 to be rotatably connected to the housing 21.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the locking tooth 221 at one end of the locking shaft 22 is detachably connected to the body of the locking shaft 22, when the power battery is installed, the driving tooth 222 is located in the accommodating cavity 212 of the housing 21, one end of the locking shaft 22 passes through the bearing hole 213, then the locking tooth 221 is installed at one end of the locking shaft 22, the locking tooth 221 is located outside the housing 21 and corresponds to the position of the slideway 211 outside the housing 21, specifically, the axial center of the bearing hole 213 is directly opposite to the locking position of the locking tongue 11 in the slideway 211, that is, the connecting line of the axial center and the locking position is a horizontal line, which is beneficial for the power battery to be locked and unlocked by sliding along the slideway 211 from bottom to top. In the present invention, for example, the slide way 211 shown in fig. 1 is disposed on the left side of the lock tooth 221, and from the side of the lock tooth 221, the lock tooth 221 can only rotate clockwise when locked, and can only rotate counterclockwise when unlocked. From the back side as viewed in FIG. 2, the drive teeth 222 can only rotate counterclockwise when locked and only rotate clockwise when unlocked. It should be understood, however, that the locking teeth 221 and the drive teeth 222 rotate coaxially, but with a different reference plane and a different expression for the direction of rotation.

Alternatively, the control gear 241 has a mounting hole 2412, an elastic member is disposed in the mounting hole 2412, and the guide rod 2411 is inserted into the mounting hole 2412 and can compress the elastic member to expand and contract, so that the guide rod 2411 can be stopped between the control gear 241 and the lock block 23.

As shown in fig. 7, the mounting hole 2412 is provided in the circumferential direction of the body of the control gear 241, and the gear structure of the control gear 241 is broken, and only a half of the circumference is provided with the gear structure, so that the length of the gear structure after being expanded in the circumferential direction is equal to the length of the rack 242 for the meshing transmission and the position limitation. The spring is firstly installed in the installation hole 2412, the guide rod 2411 compresses the spring and is inserted into the installation hole 2412 to form an elastic guide rod 2411, and the top end of the guide rod 2411 abuts against the limiting groove 232 of the locking block 22 during installation so as to be positioned. As shown in fig. 3, when the driving mechanism 243 drives the rack 242 to move leftward, the control gear 241 rotates clockwise, the guiding rod 2411 rotates clockwise and drives the locking block 23 to move, because the locking block 23 is engaged with the driving tooth 222, the locking block 23 has a downward movement in the right direction, and simultaneously compresses the guiding rod 2411 downward until the locking block 23 moves rightward and abuts against the side wall of the accommodating cavity 212, the locking block 23 is separated from the driving tooth 22, the counterclockwise rotation of the driving tooth 222 is limited, and can only rotate clockwise, and the locking tooth 221 can only rotate counterclockwise corresponding to one side of the locking tooth 221, so as to facilitate unlocking.

Optionally, two side surfaces of the small-diameter end of the locking block 23 are provided with stepped surfaces 233, one end of the control gear 241 facing the mounting hole 2412 is provided with a limiting plate 2413, and the limiting plate 2413 is attached to the stepped surfaces 233 to perform axial limiting.

As shown in fig. 6, the side surfaces of both sides of the bottom of the limit groove 232 are cut into flat bottom grooves to form step surfaces 233, as shown in fig. 7, at least one side of the control gear 241 is provided with a limit plate 2413, the side surface of the limit plate 2413 is attached to the bottom surface of the flat bottom groove on any side when being installed, and the top end of the limit plate 2413 abuts against the end surface of the step surface 233, so that the axial position limit between the control gear 241 and the lock block 23 is realized, and the guide rod 2411 is ensured to be always located in the limit groove 232.

Optionally, the vehicle end assembly 2 further includes two sensors 25, the two sensors 25 are disposed in the sliding rail 211 and respectively correspond to the locking position and the unlocking position of the lock tongue 11, and the sensors 25 are in communication connection with the electronic control module 244.

As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the housing 21 is provided with mounting positions of the sensors 25, and the two sensors 25 are mounted on the housing 21 and exposed out of the probe in the slide way 211 for detecting the position of the lock tongue 11, so as to detect whether locking and unlocking are in place, whether locking is reliable, and the like. The sensor 25 is connected to the electronic control module 244 and used for sending a detection signal to the electronic control module 244, and the electronic control module 244 feeds the detection signal back to the vehicle control unit through the connector module 245, so as to monitor the locking and unlocking conditions of the power battery.

Optionally, the vehicle end assembly 2 further includes a damping block 26, the damping block 26 is disposed at an end of the slide rail 211 facing the locking position, and the latch 11 can abut against the damping block 26 in the locking position.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5 after combination, the damping block 26 is installed at the top end of the slide rail 211 and fixed on the housing 21, and the damping block 26 can be embedded from bottom to top on the housing 1 at the top end of the slide rail 211, so that the damping block 26 can be replaced in time in an embedded manner. The damping block 26 can block the rising of the latch 11 so as to be fixed at the locking position. The damping block 26 is made of an elastic material, such as damping rubber, and the elasticity of the damping block 26 can absorb the gap between the lock tongue 11 and the top end of the slide way 211 when the lock tongue 11 is locked, so that the play amount of the lock tongue 11 is reduced, the lock tongue 11 is prevented from playing in the slide way 211, and the locking stability of the power battery and the whole vehicle is ensured. The sliding part 111 of the lock tongue 11 is a cylindrical structure, and the slide 211 can provide a stable lifting rail for the lock tongue 11, so as to achieve the functions of guiding, introducing, limiting and the like.

For casing 21, still include back lid 214 and sealing strip etc. back lid 214 is used for sealed chamber 212 that holds, sets up sealed bubble cotton simultaneously between back lid 214 and casing 21, can improve the sealed grade of casing 21, prevents impurity such as rain, snow and dust and gets into and hold chamber 212, prevents to hold oxidation, the corruption of chamber 212 internal component and prevent transmission system jamming etc.. Further, a seal ring is disposed at the bearing hole 213 to seal a rotation gap between the lock shaft 22 and the bearing hole 213.

The invention also discloses a quick assembly method of the power battery, which comprises a locking process and an unlocking process of the power battery, which are respectively explained below. The method comprises the following specific steps:

and (3) locking the power battery:

s11, after receiving the locking instruction, the control module 24 drives the rack 242 to drive the control gear 241 to rotate by the driving mechanism 243 until the guide rod 2411 on the control gear 241 drives the locking block 23 to abut against the inner wall of one side of the accommodating cavity 212, at this time, the driving gear 222 has a clockwise rotation limit, and the locking gear 221 can only rotate clockwise;

through step S11, the vehicle end assembly 2 is in the locked state, waiting for the power battery to be locked in place. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the back surface of the housing 21 in the locked state, in which the locking teeth 221 shown in fig. 4 can only rotate clockwise.

S12, lifting the power battery to the lower part of the vehicle end component 2 by adopting a tray, so that the bolt 11 corresponds to the slide way 211;

s13, the tray continues to lift the power battery upwards, the bolt 11 slides upwards along the slide way 211 until the bolt 11 touches the lock tooth 221;

s14, the bolt 11 continues to slide upwards and drives the lock tooth 221 to rotate clockwise until the bolt 11 is locked in place, the tray is removed, and the power battery is locked on the vehicle end assembly 2;

in this state, the sensor 25 sends a locking-in-place signal of the lock tongue 11 to the electronic control module 244, and sends the locking-in-place signal to the vehicle control unit through the connector module 245, so as to complete a locking instruction. Therefore, in the locking process of the power battery, the locking process can be completed only by lifting the power battery by the tray and continuously ascending, and the locking tooth 221 has a non-return effect and is clamped with the lock tongue 11. The quick-assembling method has low requirement on the electricity-exchanging equipment, so that the quick electricity-exchanging can be completed in any electricity-exchanging station and any occasion.

The unlocking process of the power battery comprises the following steps:

s21, supporting the tray below the power battery;

s22, after the control assembly 24 receives the unlocking signal, the driving mechanism 243 drives the rack 242 to move in the opposite direction, and when the locking block 23 abuts against the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 212 on the opposite side, the driving gear 222 has a counterclockwise rotation limit, and the locking gear 221 can only rotate counterclockwise;

with reference to fig. 3 and 4, the driving mechanism 243 drives the rack 242 to move rightward, the control gear 242 rotates and drives the guide rod 2411 to slide rightward in the limiting groove 232 until driving the locking block 23 to move rightward, meanwhile, because the internal teeth 231 on the locking block 23 are in a meshed state with the driving teeth 222, the guide rod 2411 is compressed and moves rightward and downward until being separated from the driving teeth 222 when the locking block 23 moves, the right side of the locking block 23 is stopped against the right side wall of the accommodating cavity 212, the driving teeth 22 have a counterclockwise rotation limiting function at this time, and the locking teeth 221 can only rotate counterclockwise outside the housing 1.

S23, moving downwards under the action of the gravity of the power battery, and enabling the bolt 11 to drive the lock tooth 221 to rotate anticlockwise so as to unlock the bolt 11;

When the lock tongue 11 is operated to the unlocking position, the sensor 25 sends an unlocking signal to the electric control module 244 and sends the unlocking signal to the vehicle control unit through the connector module 245, so as to complete an unlocking instruction.

According to the quick assembly method of the power battery, the rotation direction of the driving tooth 222 is initially set before locking and unlocking, so that the locking tooth 221 can only rotate clockwise in a locking state, and the locking tooth 221 can only rotate anticlockwise in an unlocking state, the reliable control of locking and unlocking is improved, and the battery replacement speed is high; the power battery only needs the tray to support and lift the power battery when being locked and unlocked, and the power battery realizes locking and unlocking under the action of gravity, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in control and good universality.

The invention also provides a vehicle which comprises a power battery, wherein the power battery is connected to the vehicle body through a quick assembly device of the power battery. The vehicle provided by the invention is a new energy electric vehicle, and the power battery is arranged on the vehicle body through the quick-assembly device of the power battery, so that the quick-assembly structure and the quick-assembly method of the power battery are simplified, the vehicle-end control disassembly and assembly of the power battery are realized, the battery replacement platform is facilitated to be simplified, the disassembly and assembly efficiency is improved, and the reliability of locking and unlocking of the power battery is high.

It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, adaptations and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a fast-assembling device of power battery which characterized in that includes:

the battery end component (1), the battery end component (1) is fixed on the power battery, the battery end component (1) comprises a bolt (11), and the bolt (11) comprises a sliding part (111) and a protruding part (112) which are connected with each other;

the vehicle end component (2), the vehicle end component (2) is fixed on the vehicle body; the vehicle end component (2) is matched with the battery end component (1) to unlock or lock the power battery on the vehicle body;

the vehicle end assembly (2) includes:

the shell (21) is fixed on the vehicle body, the shell (21) is provided with a slide way (211) and an accommodating cavity (212) in the vertical direction, the sliding part (111) of the bolt (11) can be connected in the slide way (211) in a sliding mode, and the protruding part (112) of the bolt (11) protrudes out of the slide way (211);

the lock shaft (22), the lock shaft (22) is rotatably connected to the shell (21), one end of the lock shaft (22) is provided with a lock tooth (221), and the lock tooth (221) can be in clamping fit with the protruding part (112) of the lock tongue (11) to achieve locking or unlocking; the other end of the lock shaft (22) is provided with a driving tooth (222), the driving tooth (222) and the lock tooth (221) are coaxially arranged, and the driving tooth (222) is positioned in the accommodating cavity (212);

the locking block (23) is of a fan-shaped ring structure, the large-diameter end of the fan-shaped ring structure is a concave arc, inner teeth (231) are arranged on the concave arc, a limiting groove (232) extending along the arc direction of the small-diameter end is arranged at the small-diameter end of the fan-shaped ring structure, the locking block (23) is located in the accommodating cavity (212), and when the locking block (23) is respectively abutted against the inner walls of the two sides of the accommodating cavity (212), the inner teeth (231) can be meshed with and connected with or separated from the driving teeth (222) to limit the rotation direction of the driving teeth (222);

the control assembly (24), the control assembly (24) can control the locking block (23) to move so as to respectively stop against the inner walls of the two sides of the accommodating cavity (212), and the control assembly (24) is in communication connection with a vehicle control unit.

2. The quick assembly device of power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that said control assembly (24) comprises:

the control gear (241) is located in the accommodating cavity (212), a guide rod (2411) extending along the circumferential direction is arranged on the control gear (241), and the guide rod (2411) can slide in the limiting groove (232) and drive the locking block (23) to move;

one end of the rack (242) is meshed with the control gear (241);

a driving mechanism (243), wherein the output end of the driving mechanism (243) is connected with the other end of the rack (242) so as to drive the rack (242) to move;

an electronic control module (244), the electronic control module (244) communicatively coupled with the drive mechanism (243);

a connector module (245), the connector module (245) being mounted outside the housing (21) for connecting the vehicle control unit, the connector module (245) being connected with the electronic control module (244).

3. The quick-assembly device for power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing (21) has a bearing hole (213), and the lock shaft (22) is inserted into the bearing hole (213) to be rotatably connected to the casing (21).

4. The quick assembly device for the power battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the control gear (241) has a mounting hole (2412), an elastic member is disposed in the mounting hole (2412), and the guide rod (2411) is inserted into the mounting hole (2412) and can compress the elastic member to extend and retract, so that the guide rod (2411) can be stopped between the control gear (241) and the locking block (23).

5. The quick assembling device for the power battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein two side faces of the small diameter end of the locking block (23) are provided with stepped faces (233), one end of the control gear (241) facing the mounting hole (2412) is provided with a limit plate (2413), and the limit plate (2413) is attached to the stepped faces (233) for axial limit.

6. The quick assembly device for power batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that the vehicle end assembly (2) further comprises two sensors (25), two sensors (25) are arranged in the slide way (211) and respectively correspond to the locking position and the unlocking position of the lock tongue (11), and the sensors (25) are in communication connection with the electronic control module (244).

7. The quick assembly device for power batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that the vehicle end assembly (2) further comprises a damping block (26), the damping block (26) is disposed at one end of the slide way (211) facing the locking position, and the lock tongue (11) can abut against the damping block (26) in the locking position.

8. The quick assembly device for power batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of battery end assemblies (1) and a plurality of vehicle end assemblies (2) are respectively provided, and a plurality of vehicle end assemblies (2) and a plurality of battery end assemblies (1) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence.

9. A method for quickly assembling a power battery, which is characterized in that according to the device for quickly assembling a power battery as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, the method for quickly assembling the power battery comprises the following steps:

and (3) locking the power battery:

s11, the control assembly (24) receives the locking instruction, the driving locking block (23) is abutted against the inner wall of one side of the accommodating cavity (212), at the moment, the driving tooth (222) has clockwise rotation limit, and the locking tooth (221) can only rotate clockwise;

s12, lifting the power battery to the lower part of the vehicle end assembly (2) by adopting a tray, so that the bolt (11) corresponds to the slide way (211);

s13, the tray continues to lift the power battery upwards, and the bolt (11) slides upwards along the slide way (211) until the bolt (11) touches the lock tooth (221);

s14, the bolt (11) continues to slide upwards and drives the lock tooth (221) to rotate clockwise until the bolt (11) is locked in place, the tray is removed, and the power battery is locked on the vehicle end assembly (2);

the power battery unlocking process comprises the following steps:

s21, supporting the tray below the power battery;

s22, after the control assembly (24) receives an unlocking signal, when the locking block (23) is driven to abut against the inner wall of the opposite side of the accommodating cavity (212), the driving tooth (222) has a counterclockwise rotation limit, and the locking tooth (221) can only rotate counterclockwise;

s23, under the gravity of the power battery, the lock tooth (221) rotates anticlockwise to unlock the lock tongue (11);

10. A vehicle comprising a quick-assembly device of a power battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.