CN114982761B - 链霉激免葡聚糖在制备植物免疫诱抗剂中的应用 - Google Patents
链霉激免葡聚糖在制备植物免疫诱抗剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及微生物及农药技术领域,具体涉及链霉激免葡聚糖在制备植物免疫诱抗剂中的应用。本发明通过将链霉激免葡聚糖作为有效活性成分与增效剂(S‑诱抗素或S‑ABA)以及助剂按特定比例制成一种植物免疫诱抗剂,可用于诱导植物抗旱性、抗寒性、耐盐性、耐低钾性的提高,还能促进植物体生长发育,在植物生长调节和防治农业病害方面具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物及农药技术领域,具体涉及链霉激免葡聚糖在制备植物免疫诱抗剂中的应用。
背景技术
链霉激免葡聚糖(链霉多聚糖A)为申请人自主分离,为链霉菌HL-66代谢产物,已于中国专利(申请号202110797798.7)公开,在该专利中,已经披露的链霉激免葡聚糖的应用包括提高植物自身抗病性。
S-诱抗素(AbscisicAcid,简称S-ABA或ABA,学名:脱落酸)是具有重要生理活性的国际公认的5大类植物内源生长调节物质(生长素类、赤霉素类、细胞分裂素类、乙烯和脱落酸)之一,被称为植物“抗逆诱导物质之王”。它可激活或诱导植物150种抗性基因的表达,启动植物体本身对逆境的抵抗或适应机制,提高植物的抗旱、抗寒、抗病和抗盐碱能力,调节植物生长,改善农产品品质,提高作物在非正常气候和土壤条件下的生存能力。
随着农业技术的发展,植物免疫诱抗剂在作物上的应用被逐渐重视,根据植物免疫诱抗剂的不同作用原理,合理的进行复配比单一使用一种能更好的提升作用效果。为了帮助农民增产创收,开发对作物有促进作用的植物免疫诱抗剂配方并用于农业生产有着重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决现有应用中存在的技术问题,为此,本发明提供链霉激免葡聚糖在制备植物免疫诱抗剂中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用技术方案为:
第一方面,本发明提供链霉激免葡聚糖在制备植物免疫诱抗剂中的应用,所述链霉激免葡聚糖结构式如下所示:
第二方面,本发明提供所述植物免疫诱抗剂在提高植物抗旱性、抗寒性、耐盐性、耐低钾性,以及促进植物体生长发育中的应用。
进一步的,所述植物为叶菜类或果实类植物。
更进一步的,所述植物免疫诱抗剂还包括增效剂,所述增效剂为S-诱抗素。
更进一步的,所述链霉激免葡聚糖和增效剂的质量比为1-400:0.1-100。
更进一步的,所述植物免疫诱抗剂还包括农业上可接受的助剂,所述助剂占总重的75%-85%。
更进一步的,所述助剂选自溶剂、分散剂、润湿剂、胶粘剂、增稠剂、成膜剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂的一种或几种。
更进一步的,所述溶剂选自水、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、丙三醇、丙酮、乙二醇醚、大豆油、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、正己烷、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺的一种或几种。
更进一步的,所述植物免疫诱抗剂还包括稳定剂,所述稳定剂选自柠檬酸盐、异丙基磷酸酯、柠檬酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、磷酸二氢钾的一种或几种。
更进一步的,所述表面活性剂选自聚山梨酯、磷酸丁酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚乙二醇的一种或几种。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明首次发现,链霉激免葡聚糖可提高植物的抗旱性、抗寒性、耐盐性、耐低钾性,以及能促进植物体生长发育,因此,链霉激免葡聚糖可作为植物免疫诱抗剂的有效成分。
本发明的植物免疫诱抗剂可根据作物生长特点、季节环境因素、剂型种类等灵活应用,可适量适时采用喷雾法、喷粉法、撒施法、泼浇法、灌根法、拌种法或种苗浸渍法等公知的几种方法合理施用于作物上,可有效防止多种不利的环境因素对植物的胁迫。
附图说明
图1为链霉激免葡聚糖(A)和S-诱抗素(B)的结构式。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但不应理解为本发明的限制。如未特殊说明,下述实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段,下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
以下涉及的链霉激免葡聚糖,峰位分子量约为13051Da,重均分子量约为14941Da,数均分子量约为10992Da;结构式如图1A所示,制备方法参照申请号为202110797798.7专利文献中分离链霉多聚糖A的方法;以下涉及的S-诱抗素,即天然脱落酸,其分子量为264.3,分子式为C15H20O4,结构如图1B所示。
实施例1:制备植物免疫诱抗剂
按现有常规各制剂的制备方式,各制剂以上述组合物作为活性成分,现以水剂为例,制剂成分详见下表(表1),上述各制剂均采用水定容至1L。
表1植物免疫诱抗剂组成
实施例2:植物免疫诱抗剂提高黄瓜耐低钾性测定
将黄瓜种子分别浸入含有链霉激免葡聚糖为200、100、50μg/mL配方A和配方D稀释水溶液以及S-诱抗素浓度为50、25、12.5μg/mL的配方C稀释水溶液中,无菌水为空白对照,5%氨基寡糖素(200μg/mL)为对照药剂。24h后,将其接种于1/2MS培养基发芽,出芽后将幼苗转移至含50μM K+或10mM K+的1/2MS培养基。22℃倒置培养10天左右,观察幼苗的生长情况。
结果如表2所示:在正常钾(10mM K+,CK)条件下,各处理黄瓜幼苗均能正常生根,且制剂配方A处理后黄瓜幼苗根长度较其他处理略长。在低钾(50μM K+,LK)条件下,各处理下黄瓜幼苗生根均受到不同程度抑制,但200和100μg/mL制剂配方A处理后黄瓜幼苗的新生根长度显著优于5%氨基寡糖素处理和清水对照。所以该植物生长调节剂可提高植物体对低钾的耐受性,其处理后黄瓜幼苗至少能抗50μM K+低钾胁迫。
表2低钾胁迫配方处理黄瓜幼苗根长测定
实施例3:植物免疫诱抗剂提高小麦耐盐性和耐干旱性测定
将小麦种子分别浸入含有链霉激免葡聚糖为200、100、50μg/mL配方B和配方D的稀释水溶液以及S-诱抗素浓度为50、25、12.5μg/mL的配方C稀释水溶液中,无菌水为空白对照,5%氨基寡糖素(200μg/mL)为对照药剂。24h后,将其接种于1/2MS培养基发芽,出芽后将幼苗转移至含125mM NaCl(模拟高盐胁迫)或300mM甘露醇(模拟干旱胁迫)的1/2MS培养基。22℃培养2周左右,观察幼苗的生长情况。
结果如表3所示,在高盐或者干旱胁迫条件下制剂配方B处理后小麦幼苗生长及根长显著优于5%氨基寡糖素处理和S-诱抗素处理。含有链霉激免葡聚糖为100μg/mL及以上的配方B制剂能有效提高小麦幼苗的耐盐性和干旱性,该植物生长调节剂可提高幼苗的抗盐浓度为125mM或以上,抗旱浓度为300mM甘露醇或以上。
表3高盐或干旱胁迫配方处理小麦幼苗根长测定
实施例4:植物免疫诱抗剂提高苹果耐寒性测定
试验于2020年10月-2021年10月在甘肃省庆城县(36°0′13″N,107°54′56″E)进行。此地位于陇东黄土高原中部地带,属温带大陆性季风气候,海拔1285m,年均降雨量507mm,年平均气温9.4℃,冬天极端低温可达-25.1℃,年均无霜期166天,年均日照时数2420h。黄绵土,土壤pH 7.4-8.4,果园土壤肥力均匀,行内清耕并用黑色地布覆盖,行间种植三叶草,施肥、灌溉及病虫害防控与常规管理一致。以5年生富士为试验材料。行株距为4m×2m,起垄后露出地面长度一致均为10cm,树形采用细长纺锤形。试验采用随机区组设计,选取生长发育一致的植株为对象,3株为1次重复,每处理重复3次。
处理组为含有链霉激免葡聚糖为200、100、50μg/mL配方B和配方D的稀释水溶液以及S-诱抗素浓度为50、25、12.5μg/mL的配方C稀释水溶液,无菌水为空白对照,5%氨基寡糖素(200μg/mL)为药剂对照。药剂试验共施药3次,第1次于2020年10月20日上午进行,施药当天为多云转睛天气,苹果处于成熟期;第2次于1月17日下午进行,施药当天为晴天,苹果处于生长期。第3次于5月21日下午进行,施药当天为晴天,苹果处于开花期。使用3WBS-16型背负式手动喷雾器,对苹果进行叶面均匀喷雾处理,用水量700L/hm2。苗木冻害评级结合冻害实际情况进行标准设定,具体划分按表4。
表4苗木冻害级别的划分
冻害程度根据冻害指数来划分:冻害指数>60为特重度冻害;60>冻害指数>50为重度冻害;50>冻害指数>40为中度冻害;40>冻害指数>0为轻度冻害;冻害指数等于0表示无冻害。
结果如表5所示,所述植物免疫诱抗剂在链霉激免葡聚糖浓度为100μg/mL及以上能有效减轻苹果冻害症状,在试验过程中明显观察到施药苹果在高强度低温冻害后能逐渐恢复树势,促进新芽萌发,并且有效缓解了果树灰霉病和轮纹病的发生。即所述植物生长调节剂能有效增强植物抗寒性,强健树势,促进根系、幼叶和花朵正常发育,缓解低温伤害。
表5低温胁迫配方处理苹果冻害程度测定
实施例5:植物生长调节剂提高五味子耐寒性测定
试验在陕西省商洛市柞水县五味子种植基地进行,五味子为3年生植株,制剂配方B配制成有效成分为200、100、50μg/mL水溶液,无菌水为空白对照,5%氨基寡糖素(200μg/mL)为阳性对照,共计5个处理,每处理3次重复,随机区组排列,每小区栽培华中五味子20株,小区面积25m2,11月20日开始施药,分3次施药,每次约间隔20d,挑选天气晴朗的下午使用手动喷雾器施药,越冬后隔年4月调查结果,着重检查新芽萌发率。苗木冻害级别划分同实施例4。
结果如表6所示,五味子本身抗寒性较强,但在春季萌芽后,3、4月份夜里气温骤降会导致不同程度的冻害。所述植物生长调节剂有效成分浓度在200μg/mL时能有效缓解五味子因冻害导致的新芽萌发率低的问题,且兼具健壮植株,减缓叶枯病、白粉病、黑斑病等叶部病害发生的功效。
表6低温胁迫配方处理五味子冻害程度测定
需要说明的是,本发明权利要求书中涉及数值范围时,应理解为每个数值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间任何一个数值均可选用,为了防止赘述,本发明描述了优选的实施例。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (8)
1.链霉激免葡聚糖在制备植物免疫诱抗剂中的应用,其特征在于,所述植物免疫诱抗剂用于提高黄瓜耐低钾性、提高小麦耐盐性和耐干旱性、提高苹果树和五味子耐寒性、缓解五味子因冻害导致的新芽萌发率低,所述链霉激免葡聚糖结构式如下所示:
。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述植物免疫诱抗剂还包括增效剂,所述增效剂为S-诱抗素。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述链霉激免葡聚糖和增效剂的质量比为1-400:0.1-100。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述植物免疫诱抗剂还包括农业上可接受的助剂,所述助剂占总重的75%-85%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述助剂选自溶剂、分散剂、润湿剂、胶粘剂、增稠剂、成膜剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述溶剂选自水、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、丙三醇、丙酮、乙二醇醚、大豆油、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、正己烷、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述植物免疫诱抗剂还包括稳定剂,所述稳定剂选自柠檬酸盐、异丙基磷酸酯、柠檬酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、磷酸二氢钾的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂选自聚山梨酯、磷酸丁酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚乙二醇的一种或几种。
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