CN114977062B - Pre-buried device of overhead optical cable for railway and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Pre-buried device of overhead optical cable for railway and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114977062B CN114977062B CN202210693043.7A CN202210693043A CN114977062B CN 114977062 B CN114977062 B CN 114977062B CN 202210693043 A CN202210693043 A CN 202210693043A CN 114977062 B CN114977062 B CN 114977062B
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- optical cable
- cable
- tube
- fixed bottom
- trench
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G9/00—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/46—Processes or apparatus adapted for installing or repairing optical fibres or optical cables
- G02B6/50—Underground or underwater installation; Installation through tubing, conduits or ducts
- G02B6/504—Installation in solid material, e.g. underground
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G1/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines
- H02G1/06—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle
- H02G1/08—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle through tubing or conduit, e.g. rod or draw wire for pushing or pulling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G9/00—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water
- H02G9/06—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water in underground tubes or conduits; Tubes or conduits therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-buried device of an overhead optical cable for a railway and a construction method thereof. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the two rotating pulleys are arranged, the position of the pulley seat is adjusted according to the depth of the excavated cable trench, and the optical cable can be prevented from being bent in the laying process; the movable cover tube and the fixed bottom tube are in a semicircular shape, two ends of the movable cover tube are connected with clamping strips, two ends of the fixed bottom tube are provided with clamping grooves, the clamping strips are clamped in the clamping grooves, and further, the external protection of the optical cable is formed, and the movable cover tube and the fixed bottom tube are connected in a staggered shape, so that the multi-section splicing assembly is realized, and the fixing is not needed; through putting spacing buckle card in stopper department, and then make two protective housing can dock together about, form the protection of optical cable end department.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical cable pre-burying device, in particular to an aerial optical cable pre-burying device for a railway and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of optical cable pre-burying construction.
Background
The overhead optical cable is an optical cable hung on an electric pole for use, but in order to avoid obstruction in an area such as a railway, the overhead optical cable needs to be buried underground, so that a cable trench needs to be formed in the ground, and then the optical cable is put into the cable trench and backfilled.
In the actual construction process, the optical cable is often required to be laid manually and buried, namely, the optical cable is required to be unfolded manually, then the two ends of the optical cable and the cable body are lifted, more constructors are required to cooperate in a cable trench which is excavated, manpower and material resources are wasted, in addition, a special protection pipe sleeve is required to be sleeved for preventing the optical cable buried in the cable trench from being crushed, and a protection shell is required to be clamped outside the laid optical cable directly by the existing construction means, so that the optical cable cannot be protected in all directions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem, and provides a pre-burying device for an overhead optical cable of a railway and a construction method thereof.
The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme: a pre-buried device for aerial optical cable of railway includes
The frame body component forms a main body structure of the embedded device, is arranged above an excavated cable trench, comprises a support frame formed by welding four square steels and support rods vertically connected to four corners below the support frame, and is rotatably connected with rollers at the bottom ends of the support rods;
the paying-off assembly is arranged on the frame body assembly and comprises an optical cable tray used for winding an optical cable, a rotating bearing is sleeved on the rotating rod bodies welded at the centers of two sides of the optical cable tray, a bearing seat is welded in the middle of the short sides of two sides of the supporting frame, and the rotating bearing is arranged on the bearing seat;
the protection pipe assembly is arranged in the excavated cable trench and used for protecting the optical cable buried in the cable trench, and comprises a protection pipe consisting of a movable cover pipe and a fixed bottom pipe;
the joint protection assembly is arranged in the excavated cable trench and used for protecting one end of the optical cable buried in the cable trench, and comprises a joint protection shell composed of an upper protection shell and a lower protection shell.
As still further aspects of the invention: connecting rods are welded below the short sides of the two sides of the supporting frame, and the other ends of the connecting rods are welded on the two sides of the bottom supporting plate respectively.
As still further aspects of the invention: the middle part of the lower plate surface of the bottom supporting plate is welded with a connecting sleeve, a telescopic rod is connected in the connecting sleeve, and a pulley seat for installing two rotating pulleys is welded at the bottom end of the telescopic rod.
As still further aspects of the invention: the upper end of the telescopic rod is detachably connected with the connecting sleeve through a connecting bolt.
As still further aspects of the invention: the movable cover tube and the fixed bottom tube are both semicircular, two ends of the movable cover tube are connected with clamping strips, and two ends of the fixed bottom tube are provided with clamping grooves.
As still further aspects of the invention: the movable cover pipe and the fixed bottom pipe are connected in a staggered mode.
As still further aspects of the invention: threading grooves which are semicircular are formed in the middle parts of the front ends of the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell, limiting blocks are arranged on the inner walls of the front ends of the upper protective shell, and limiting buckles are arranged on the inner walls of the front ends of the lower protective shell.
The construction method of the pre-buried device for the overhead optical cable of the railway comprises the following steps:
firstly, scribing at a position where an optical cable needs to be embedded, and excavating a cable trench with a corresponding depth;
step two, a fixed bottom pipe is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the excavated cable trench, the embedded device is arranged above the excavated cable trench, and after the movable end of the optical cable passes through the two rotating pulleys, the movable end is protected by using a joint protection shell;
rotating the optical cable drum to pay out an optical cable with a certain length, laying the optical cable in the first section of fixed bottom pipe, pushing the pre-buried device forwards, and simultaneously rotating the optical cable drum along with the pre-buried device, so that the optical cable can be laid on the fixed bottom pipe;
and fourthly, clamping and placing a movable cover pipe at the upper end of the fixed bottom pipe in a staggered manner to form external protection of the optical cable, and backfilling the cable trench until the embedding of the optical cable is finished.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the pulley seat provided with the two rotating pulleys is welded at the bottom end of the telescopic rod, so that the optical cable passes through a gap between the two rotating pulleys and is pre-buried and paved, the position of the pulley seat is adjusted according to the depth of the excavated cable trench, and the optical cable can be prevented from being bent in the paving process;
2. the upper end of the telescopic rod is detachably connected with the connecting sleeve through the connecting bolt, so that the telescopic rod is convenient to assemble and disassemble, and the telescopic rod can be assembled when an optical cable is laid, namely, the situation that the frame body component moves on the ground outside a cable trench is avoided;
3. the movable cover tube and the fixed bottom tube are in semicircular arc shapes, two ends of the movable cover tube are connected with clamping strips, two ends of the fixed bottom tube are provided with clamping grooves, the clamping strips are clamped in the clamping grooves, and further external protection of the optical cable is formed, and the movable cover tube and the fixed bottom tube are connected in a staggered shape, so that multi-section splicing and assembly are realized, and additional fixing is not needed;
4. through putting spacing buckle card in stopper department, and then make two protective housing can dock together about, form the protection of optical cable end department.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a telescopic link connection structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a protective tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a joint protective case according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a limiting block and a limiting buckle according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the support frame, 2, the bracing piece, 3, the gyro wheel, 4, the optical cable dish, 5, the bearing frame, 6, rolling bearing, 7, the connecting rod, 8, the bottom plate, 9, connecting sleeve, 10, the telescopic link, 11, the pulley seat, 12, the pulley of rotating, 13, the optical cable, 14, the cable pit, 15, the protection pipe, 151, movable cover pipe, 152, the card strip, 153, fixed bottom pipe, 154, the draw-in groove, 16, the joint protective housing, 161, the upper protective housing, 162, the lower protective housing, 163, the threading groove, 164, the stopper, 165, spacing buckle.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, an embedment device of an overhead optical cable for railway comprises
The frame body assembly forms a main body structure of the embedded device, is arranged above an excavated cable trench 14, comprises a support frame 1 formed by welding four square steels, and support rods 2 vertically connected to four corners below the support frame 1, and the bottom ends of the support rods 2 are rotatably connected with idler wheels 3;
the paying-off assembly is arranged on the frame body assembly and comprises an optical cable drum 4 used for winding an optical cable 13, a rotating bearing 6 is sleeved on a rotating rod body welded at the center of two sides of the optical cable drum 4, a bearing seat 5 is welded at the middle part of the short sides of two sides of the supporting frame 1, and the rotating bearing 6 is arranged on the bearing seat 5;
a protective tube assembly disposed in the excavated trench 14 and for protecting the optical cable 13 buried in the trench 14, and including a protective tube 15 composed of a movable cover tube 151 and a fixed bottom tube 153;
and a joint protection assembly disposed in the excavated trench 14 and protecting one end of the optical cable 13 buried in the trench 14, and including a joint protection case 16 composed of an upper protection case 161 and a lower protection case 162.
In the embodiment of the invention, the connecting rods 7 are welded below the short sides of the two sides of the support frame 1, and the other ends of the connecting rods 7 are respectively welded on the two sides of the bottom supporting plate 8, so that the bottom supporting plate 8 is positioned right below the optical cable tray 4, and plays a role in preventing the optical cable tray 4 placed on the support frame 1 from falling.
In the embodiment of the invention, the middle part of the lower plate surface of the bottom support plate 8 is welded with the connecting sleeve 9, the connecting sleeve 9 is internally connected with the telescopic rod 10, the bottom end of the telescopic rod 10 is welded with the pulley seat 11 provided with the two rotating pulleys 12, so that the optical cable 13 passes through a gap between the two rotating pulleys 12 and is laid in advance, the position of the pulley seat 11 is adjusted according to the depth of the excavated cable trench 14, and the optical cable 13 can be prevented from being bent in the laying process.
In the embodiment of the invention, the upper end of the telescopic rod 10 is detachably connected with the connecting sleeve 9 through the connecting bolt, so that the telescopic rod 10 is convenient to assemble and disassemble, and the assembly can be carried out only when the optical cable 13 is laid, namely, the movement of the frame component on the ground outside the cable trench 14 is avoided.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, an embedment device of an overhead optical cable for railway comprises
The frame body assembly forms a main body structure of the embedded device, is arranged above an excavated cable trench 14, comprises a support frame 1 formed by welding four square steels, and support rods 2 vertically connected to four corners below the support frame 1, and the bottom ends of the support rods 2 are rotatably connected with idler wheels 3;
the paying-off assembly is arranged on the frame body assembly and comprises an optical cable drum 4 used for winding an optical cable 13, a rotating bearing 6 is sleeved on a rotating rod body welded at the center of two sides of the optical cable drum 4, a bearing seat 5 is welded at the middle part of the short sides of two sides of the supporting frame 1, and the rotating bearing 6 is arranged on the bearing seat 5;
a protective tube assembly disposed in the excavated trench 14 and for protecting the optical cable 13 buried in the trench 14, and including a protective tube 15 composed of a movable cover tube 151 and a fixed bottom tube 153;
and a joint protection assembly disposed in the excavated trench 14 and protecting one end of the optical cable 13 buried in the trench 14, and including a joint protection case 16 composed of an upper protection case 161 and a lower protection case 162.
In the embodiment of the invention, the movable cover tube 151 and the fixed bottom tube 153 are both in a semicircular shape, two ends of the movable cover tube 151 are connected with the clamping strips 152, two ends of the fixed bottom tube 153 are provided with the clamping grooves 154, so that the clamping strips 152 are clamped in the clamping grooves 154, and further the external protection of the optical cable 13 is formed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the movable cover tube 151 and the fixed bottom tube 153 are connected in a staggered manner, so as to realize multi-section splicing and assembly without additional fixing.
In the embodiment of the invention, the middle parts of the front ends of the upper protective shell 161 and the lower protective shell 162 are respectively provided with a semicircular threading groove 163, the inner wall of the front end of the upper protective shell 161 is provided with a limiting block 164, the inner wall of the front end of the lower protective shell 162 is provided with a limiting buckle 165, and the limiting buckle 165 can be clamped at the limiting block 164, so that the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell can be butted together to form the protection of the end head of the optical cable 13.
Example III
The construction method of the pre-buried device for the overhead optical cable of the railway comprises the following steps:
firstly, scribing at a position where an optical cable 13 needs to be embedded, and excavating a cable trench 14 with a corresponding depth;
step two, a fixed bottom pipe 153 is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the excavated cable trench 14, the embedded device is arranged above the excavated cable trench 14, and after the movable end of the optical cable 13 passes through the two rotating pulleys 12, the movable end is protected by using a joint protection shell 16;
step three, the optical cable drum 4 is rotated to pay out the optical cable 13 with a certain length, so that the optical cable 13 is paved in the first section of fixed bottom pipe 153, then the pre-embedding device is pushed forward, and meanwhile, the optical cable drum 4 is rotated along with the pre-embedding device, so that the optical cable 13 can be paved on the fixed bottom pipe 153;
and fourthly, clamping and placing a movable cover tube 151 at the upper end of the fixed bottom tube 153 in a staggered manner to form external protection of the optical cable 13, and backfilling the cable trench 14 until the optical cable 13 is embedded.
Working principle: the pre-buried device is placed above the excavated cable trench 14, the optical cable drum 4 is rotated to pay out the optical cable 13 with a certain length, the optical cable 13 is paved in the first section of fixed bottom pipe 153, then the pre-buried device is pushed forward, meanwhile, the optical cable drum 4 is rotated along with the pre-buried device, the optical cable 13 can be paved on the fixed bottom pipe 153, then the movable cover pipe 151 is clamped at the upper end of the fixed bottom pipe 153 in a dislocation mode, and external protection of the optical cable 13 is formed.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A pre-buried device that is used for aerial optical cable of railway, its characterized in that: comprising
The frame body assembly forms a main body structure of the embedded device, is arranged above an excavated cable trench (14), comprises a support frame (1) formed by welding four square steels and support rods (2) vertically connected to four corners below the support frame (1), and the bottom ends of the support rods (2) are rotatably connected with idler wheels (3);
the paying-off assembly is arranged on the frame body assembly and comprises an optical cable tray (4) for winding an optical cable (13), a rotating bearing (6) is sleeved on a rotating rod body welded at the center of two sides of the optical cable tray (4), a bearing seat (5) is welded at the middle part of the short sides of two sides of the supporting frame (1), and the rotating bearing (6) is arranged on the bearing seat (5);
a protective tube assembly which is disposed in the excavated cable trench (14) and is used for protecting the optical cable (13) buried in the cable trench (14), and which comprises a protective tube (15) composed of a movable cover tube (151) and a fixed bottom tube (153);
a joint protection assembly which is provided in the excavated cable trench (14) and is used for protecting one end of the optical cable (13) buried in the cable trench (14), and which comprises a joint protection shell (16) formed by an upper protection shell (161) and a lower protection shell (162);
a connecting rod (7) is welded below the short sides of the two sides of the supporting frame (1), and the other ends of the connecting rod (7) are respectively welded on the two sides of the bottom supporting plate (8); a connecting sleeve (9) is welded in the middle of the lower plate surface of the bottom supporting plate (8), a telescopic rod (10) is connected in the connecting sleeve (9), and a pulley seat (11) for installing two rotating pulleys (12) is welded at the bottom end of the telescopic rod (10); the upper end of the telescopic rod (10) is detachably connected with the connecting sleeve (9) through a connecting bolt.
2. The pre-buried device of an overhead optical cable for railway according to claim 1, characterized in that: the movable cover tube (151) and the fixed bottom tube (153) are both semicircular, two ends of the movable cover tube (151) are connected with clamping strips (152), and two ends of the fixed bottom tube (153) are provided with clamping grooves (154).
3. The pre-buried device of an overhead optical cable for railway according to claim 1, characterized in that: the movable cover tube (151) and the fixed bottom tube (153) are connected in a staggered mode.
4. The pre-buried device of an overhead optical cable for railway according to claim 1, characterized in that: threading grooves (163) which are semicircular are formed in the middle of the front ends of the upper protective shell (161) and the lower protective shell (162), limiting blocks (164) are arranged on the inner wall of the front end of the upper protective shell (161), and limiting buckles (165) are arranged on the inner wall of the front end of the lower protective shell (162).
5. A construction method of an embedded device of an overhead optical cable for railways based on the method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the construction method comprises the following steps:
firstly, scribing at a position where an optical cable (13) needs to be embedded, and excavating a cable trench (14) with a corresponding depth;
step two, a fixed bottom pipe (153) is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the excavated cable trench (14), the embedded device is arranged above the excavated cable trench (14), and after the movable end of the optical cable (13) passes through the two rotating pulleys (12), the movable end is protected by using a joint protection shell (16);
step three, rotating the optical cable drum (4) to pay out an optical cable (13) with a certain length, enabling the optical cable (13) to be paved in the first section of fixed bottom pipe (153), then pushing the pre-burying device forwards, and simultaneously rotating the optical cable drum (4) along with the pre-burying device, so that the optical cable (13) can be paved on the fixed bottom pipe (153);
and fourthly, clamping and placing a movable cover tube (151) at the upper end of the fixed bottom tube (153) in a staggered manner to form external protection of the optical cable (13), and backfilling the cable trench (14) until the embedding of the optical cable (13) is finished.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210693043.7A CN114977062B (en) | 2022-06-17 | 2022-06-17 | Pre-buried device of overhead optical cable for railway and construction method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210693043.7A CN114977062B (en) | 2022-06-17 | 2022-06-17 | Pre-buried device of overhead optical cable for railway and construction method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114977062A CN114977062A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
| CN114977062B true CN114977062B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210693043.7A Active CN114977062B (en) | 2022-06-17 | 2022-06-17 | Pre-buried device of overhead optical cable for railway and construction method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114977062B (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN208142722U (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-23 | 庄炜铭 | A kind of general subway communication signal light cable-laying gear |
| CN110890717A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-17 | 国网河南省电力公司鄢陵县供电公司 | Method for releasing and laying cable from cable reel |
| CN210201442U (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-03-27 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Overhead line cable protector |
| CN215071361U (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-12-07 | 郭贵松 | Auxiliary laying device for subway communication optical cable |
-
2022
- 2022-06-17 CN CN202210693043.7A patent/CN114977062B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN208142722U (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-23 | 庄炜铭 | A kind of general subway communication signal light cable-laying gear |
| CN210201442U (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-03-27 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Overhead line cable protector |
| CN110890717A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-17 | 国网河南省电力公司鄢陵县供电公司 | Method for releasing and laying cable from cable reel |
| CN215071361U (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-12-07 | 郭贵松 | Auxiliary laying device for subway communication optical cable |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114977062A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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