CN114976621B - High-gain double-patch circularly polarized filter antenna and design method - Google Patents

High-gain double-patch circularly polarized filter antenna and design method Download PDF

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CN114976621B
CN114976621B CN202210779528.8A CN202210779528A CN114976621B CN 114976621 B CN114976621 B CN 114976621B CN 202210779528 A CN202210779528 A CN 202210779528A CN 114976621 B CN114976621 B CN 114976621B
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radiation
antenna
dielectric substrate
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radiation patch
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CN114976621A (en
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程光尚
黄保卿
黄志祥
杨利霞
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Anhui University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention relates to a high-gain double-patch circularly polarized filter antenna, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate, wherein a first radiation patch is arranged on the first dielectric substrate, and a second radiation patch is arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the second dielectric substrate is positioned above the first dielectric substrate, and a space is reserved between the second dielectric substrate and the first dielectric substrate. The invention also discloses a design method of the high-gain double-patch circularly polarized filter antenna. The antenna has a simple structure, does not have an additional filter circuit, and realizes a good filter effect; the gain curve of the antenna has good flatness, so that the antenna has good stability, and two radiation zero points can be regulated and controlled; the antenna axis is wider than the bandwidth of the existing circularly polarized filter antenna structure without the additional filter circuit.

Description

High-gain double-patch circularly polarized filter antenna and design method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication and antennas, in particular to a high-gain double-patch circularly polarized filter antenna and a design method thereof.
Background
In the conventional design concept, the filter and the antenna are two key elements of the radio frequency front end, and generally need to be designed independently and then cascaded through an additional transmission line to suppress unnecessary signals. These extra lines not only introduce insertion loss, degrading system performance, but also occupy additional circuit area. Therefore, combining the antenna and the filter into a filtering antenna has necessary practical significance in modern engineering.
In recent years, the concept of a filter antenna has been proposed and studied extensively. In particular, circular polarization filter antennas are receiving increasing attention for the elimination of polarization mismatch, which is required in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems. Currently, most circularly polarized filter antennas are implemented by adding a band-pass filter to the feed structure of the circularly polarized antenna, or by integrating the radiator of the circularly polarized antenna with a band-pass filter through a synthesis method. In this way a fairly good filter response can be achieved, but the integration level is limited since an external filter or filter network is still required. Furthermore, the resulting implementation gain and efficiency of the filter antenna is typically reduced to some extent due to the unavoidable insertion loss of the filter/filter network.
The parasitic element introduces a radiation null near the passband to suppress radiation in the near-stopband, thereby realizing bandpass filter response. To date, there have been few circularly polarized filter antennas designed using this approach because it has been relatively difficult to use simple parasitic elements while considering both filtering and circular polarization performance. To date, it has been a challenge to design a circularly polarized filter antenna that does not use additional filter circuits/networks and is simple in structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at providing a high-gain double-patch circularly polarized filter antenna with simple structure, good flatness of the gain curve of the antenna and good stability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high-gain double-patch circularly polarized filter antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate, wherein a first radiation patch is arranged on the first dielectric substrate, and a second radiation patch is arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the second dielectric substrate is positioned above the first dielectric substrate, and a space is reserved between the second dielectric substrate and the first dielectric substrate.
And a metal floor is arranged on the lower plate surface of the first dielectric substrate, and coaxial feeder lines are arranged on the first dielectric substrate and the metal floor.
A rectangular groove is formed in the center of the first radiation patch, three-quarter round branches are arranged in the rectangular groove, and two ends of each three-quarter round branch are connected to the first radiation patch through two I-shaped branches; the first radiating patch is provided with an inverted U-shaped groove along the periphery.
An annular groove is formed in the center of the second radiation patch.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a high-gain dual-patch circularly polarized filter antenna, which includes the following steps in sequence:
(1) An initial double-patch antenna model, namely a first Ant model, is established, the first Ant model consists of a first medium substrate and a second medium substrate, a first radiation patch is arranged on the first medium substrate, a second radiation patch is arranged on the second medium substrate, a rectangular groove is formed in the center position of the first radiation patch, three-quarter circular branches are arranged in the rectangular groove, and two ends of the three-quarter circular branches are connected to the first radiation patch through two I-shaped branches;
(2) A second radiation patch of the first Ant model is provided with an annular groove to form a second Ant model;
(3) Forming a third Ant model by forming an inverted U-shaped groove on the first radiation patch along the periphery on the basis of the first Ant model;
(4) Performing simulation optimization on the third Ant model, and analyzing antenna parameters;
(5) The principle of circular polarized radiation generation is explained by analyzing the antenna surface current of the circular polarized radiation frequency point;
(6) The principle of two radiation nulls generation is explained by analyzing the antenna surface current distribution at the radiation nulls.
According to the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: firstly, the antenna has a simple structure, has no additional filter circuit, and realizes a good filter effect; secondly, the gain curve of the antenna has good flatness, so that the antenna has good stability, and two radiation zero points can be regulated and controlled; third, the antenna axis ratio bandwidth is wider than existing circularly polarized filter antenna structures without additional filter circuitry; fourth, because of the relatively difficult performance of filtering and circular polarization, it has been a challenge to design a simple structure circular polarization filter antenna without using additional filter circuits/networks, and the present invention provides an answer to this problem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first radiating patch of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second radiating patch of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a return loss plot of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an axial ratio parameter chart of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the radiation gain of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the development process of the reference antenna and the present antenna;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the reflection coefficients of the reference antenna and the present antenna;
fig. 10 is an axial ratio parameter diagram of the reference antenna and the present antenna;
fig. 11 is a radiation gain diagram of the reference antenna and the present antenna;
fig. 12 is a gain diagram of a filter antenna of different g lengths;
FIG. 13 is a gain diagram of a filter antenna of different b4 lengths;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of current flow distribution when the phase difference between the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch of the antenna under the first Ant model is 90 degrees at the circularly polarized radiation frequency point;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of current flow distribution when the phase difference between the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch of the antenna under the second Ant model is 90 degrees at the circularly polarized radiation frequency point;
fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna at a lower radiation zero frequency (1.32 GHz) under the third Ant model;
fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna at a higher radiation zero frequency (2.68 GHz) under the third Ant model.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a high-gain dual-patch circularly polarized filter antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate 1 and a second dielectric substrate 2, wherein a first radiation patch 4 is arranged on the first dielectric substrate 1, and a second radiation patch 10 is arranged on the second dielectric substrate 2; the second dielectric substrate 2 is located above the first dielectric substrate 1 with a space therebetween.
A metal floor 3 is arranged on the lower plate surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and coaxial feeder lines 5 are arranged on the first dielectric substrate 1 and the metal floor 3.
A rectangular groove 9 is formed in the center of the first radiation patch 4, a three-quarter circular branch 6 is arranged in the rectangular groove 9, and two ends of the three-quarter circular branch 6 are connected to the first radiation patch 4 through two I-shaped branches 7; the first radiating patch 4 is provided with an inverted U-shaped groove 8 along the periphery.
An annular groove 11 is formed in the center of the second radiation patch 10.
The method comprises the following steps in sequence:
(1) An initial double-patch antenna model, namely a first Ant model, is established, the first Ant model consists of a first medium substrate 1 and a second medium substrate 2, a first radiation patch 4 is arranged on the first medium substrate 1, a second radiation patch 10 is arranged on the second medium substrate 2, a rectangular groove 9 is formed in the center position of the first radiation patch 4, three-quarter circular branches 6 are arranged in the rectangular groove 9, and two ends of the three-quarter circular branches 6 are connected to the first radiation patch 4 through two I-shaped branches 7;
(2) A second radiation patch 10 of the first Ant model is provided with an annular groove 11 to form a second Ant model;
(3) On the basis of the first Ant model, an inverted U-shaped groove 8 is formed on the first radiation patch 4 along the periphery to form a third Ant model;
(4) Performing simulation optimization on the third Ant model, and analyzing antenna parameters;
(5) The principle of circular polarized radiation generation is explained by analyzing the antenna surface current of the circular polarized radiation frequency point;
(6) The principle of two radiation nulls generation is explained by analyzing the antenna surface current distribution at the radiation nulls.
Further description is provided below in connection with fig. 1-17.
The reference antenna development process from the first Ant model to the third Ant model is shown in fig. 8, and the ground dimensions of the reference antenna and the planned antenna are the same. Fig. 9, 10 and 11 depict the reflection coefficient of the antenna, its axial ratio parameter and the achieved gain, respectively. First, the first Ant model is composed of a first dielectric substrate 1 and a second dielectric substrate 2, a first radiation patch 4 is arranged on the first dielectric substrate 1, a second radiation patch 10 is arranged on the second dielectric substrate 2, a rectangular groove 9 is formed in the center of the first radiation patch 4, a three-quarter circular branch 6 is arranged in the position of the rectangular groove 9, two ends of the three-quarter circular branch 6 are connected to the first radiation patch 4 through two I-shaped branches 7, and the three-quarter circular branch 6 has a good ninety-degree phase difference, so that the tendency of circularly polarized radiation generated by antenna radiation can be seen in fig. 10. As can be seen from fig. 9, it is not well impedance-matched, and it is required to further impedance-match it, and its impedance bandwidth ranges from 1.84GHz to 2.23GHz. And it can be seen from fig. 11 that the antenna has no significant filtering performance.
Next, an annular groove 11 is formed in the second radiation patch 10 to form a second Ant model. As shown in fig. 9, the impedance of the second Ant model does not become good, but it can be seen in fig. 11 that the antenna introduces a radiation null at the high frequency band, improving the frequency selectivity of the high frequency band of the antenna. And it can be seen from figure 10 that the second Ant model improves its circularly polarised radiation very well with respect to the first Ant model. Therefore, the second Ant model completes the work of circularly polarized radiation and introducing a radiation zero point in a high frequency band, the impedance bandwidth range is 1.81GHz to 2.17GHz, and the axial ratio bandwidth range is 1.87GHz to 2.03GHz.
Therefore, the desire to increase the frequency selectivity of the low frequency band requires the introduction of another radiation null at the low frequency band. A U-shaped groove 8 is formed on the first radiation patch 4 based on the structure of the second Ant model to form a third Ant model, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is about 16.7% (1.81 GHz-2.14 GHz), and the axial ratio bandwidth is about 8.78% (1.85 GHz-2.02 GHz). As can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, after the U-shaped slot 8 is introduced into the first radiation patch 4, a new radiation null is introduced into the low frequency band by the antenna, so that the frequency selectivity of the antenna in the low frequency band is improved, and the circularly polarized radiation of the antenna is not greatly affected basically. Thus, the design work of the whole circular polarization filter antenna is completed.
Fig. 5 is a return loss of the inventive design complete structure, fig. 6 is an axial ratio parameter of the inventive design complete structure, and fig. 7 is a gain map of the inventive design complete structure. The circularly polarized filter antenna gain has good flatness, and the two radiation zeros bring good filter characteristics to the antenna.
The step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(1a) Firstly modeling a first Ant model in HFSS software;
(1b) Obtaining the return loss (figure 9), the gain map (figure 11) and the axial ratio parameter (figure 10) of the first Ant model;
(1c) Analysis of the results obtained in step (1 b) shows that it has poor impedance matching and needs to be further impedance matched, and the impedance bandwidth ranges from 1.84GHz to 2.23GHz as can be seen from FIG. 9. This three-quarter circular branch 6 has a good ninety degree phase difference, so that the tendency of the antenna radiation to produce circularly polarized radiation is seen in fig. 10, and it can be seen from fig. 11 that the antenna has no significant filtering performance. It is therefore necessary to change the antenna structure to introduce radiation nulls to improve the filtering performance of the antenna.
The step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(2a) Firstly modeling a second Ant model in HFSS software;
(2b) Obtaining the return loss (figure 9), the gain map (figure 11) and the axial ratio parameter (figure 10) of the second Ant model;
(2c) Analysis of the result obtained in step (2 b) shows that in fig. 11, the antenna introduces a radiation null point in the high frequency band, thereby improving the frequency selectivity of the high frequency band of the antenna. And it can be seen from figure 10 that the second Ant model improves its circularly polarised radiation very well with respect to the first Ant model. Therefore, the second Ant model performs the work of circularly polarizing radiation and introducing a radiation null at the high frequency band. The impedance bandwidth ranges from 1.81GHz to 2.17GHz, and the axial ratio bandwidth ranges from 1.87GHz to 2.03GHz.
The step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
(3a) Firstly modeling a third Ant model in HFSS software;
(3b) Obtaining the return loss (figure 9), the gain map (figure 11) and the axial ratio parameter (figure 10) of the third Ant model;
(3c) Analyzing the result obtained in the step (3 b), wherein the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is about 16.7% (1.81 GHz to 2.14 GHz), and the axial ratio bandwidth is about 8.78% (1.85 GHz to 2.02 GHz). As can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, the introduction of the U-shaped slot 8 in the first radiating patch 4 introduces a radiation null in the low frequency band of the antenna, thus improving the frequency selectivity of the antenna in the low frequency band without substantially affecting its circularly polarized radiation. Thus, the design work of the whole circular polarization filter antenna is completed.
The step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
(4a) And carrying out optimization analysis on each parameter of the third Ant model with the complete structure designed by the invention in HFSS software to obtain the best parameter result.
(4b) And the important antenna parameters are analyzed, so that the working principle of the filter antenna can be further known. By analysing g of different lengths, g being the length of the annular groove 11, it can be seen from figure 12 that as g increases in length the position of the high frequency radiation null of the antenna gradually moves to the left while the position of its low frequency radiation null remains substantially unchanged. As can be seen from fig. 13, as the length of b4 increases, b4 is the sum of the lengths of the two symmetrical sides of the inverted U-shaped groove, the position of the low frequency radiation null of the antenna gradually moves to the left, while the position of the high frequency radiation null thereof remains substantially unchanged. Therefore, the position of the radiation zero point can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the lengths of b4 and g.
The step (5) specifically comprises the following steps:
(5a) To further explain the principle of generation of circularly polarized radiation, fig. 14 shows the current distribution of two radiation patches at circularly polarized radiation frequency points under the structure of the first Ant model, respectively. As shown in fig. 14, when the phase difference is 90 degrees, the current flow directions on the first radiation patch 4 of the first Ant model are orthogonally distributed, and the same is true on the second radiation patch 10.
(5b) As shown in fig. 15, in the structure of the second Ant model, the current distribution of the two radiation patches at the circularly polarized radiation frequency point. As shown in fig. 15, when the phase difference of the second Ant model is 90 degrees, the current flow directions on the first radiation patch 4 are orthogonally distributed, and the second radiation patch 10 is also orthogonally distributed, but the added annular groove 11 adds a new radiation path to the antenna, and the current flow directions on the patches separated from the inner side of the annular groove are also orthogonally distributed, so that the circularly polarized radiation is further improved.
The step (6) specifically comprises the following steps:
(6a) The radiation null is very important to the filtering performance of the antenna. To further explain the principle of the generation of two radiation zeros, fig. 16 and 17 show the current distribution of the two radiation zeros at the antenna surface, respectively. At lower radiation zero frequencies, as shown in fig. 16, the current is concentrated in the U-shaped slot 8 of the first radiating patch 4 and flows in opposite directions on the two symmetrical arms, so that the radiation counteracts each other, creating a radiation zero.
(6b) As shown in fig. 17, at the higher radiation zero frequency, energy is concentrated on the two patch edges of the second radiation patch 10 separated by the annular groove 11, and the induced current flow on the symmetrical edges of the two patches is opposite. Thus, at this frequency, the radiation caused by the induced currents cancel each other, thereby creating another radiation null.
In summary, the antenna of the invention has simple structure, no additional filter circuit but good filter effect is realized; the gain curve of the antenna has good flatness, so that the antenna has good stability, and two radiation zero points can be regulated and controlled; the antenna axis is wider than the bandwidth of the existing circularly polarized filter antenna structure without the additional filter circuit.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a two paster circular polarization filter antennas of high gain which characterized in that: the device comprises a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate, wherein a first radiation patch is arranged on the first dielectric substrate, and a second radiation patch is arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the second dielectric substrate is positioned above the first dielectric substrate, and a space is reserved between the second dielectric substrate and the first dielectric substrate;
a metal floor is arranged on the lower plate surface of the first dielectric substrate, and coaxial feeder lines are arranged on the first dielectric substrate and the metal floor;
a rectangular groove is formed in the center of the first radiation patch, three-quarter round branches are arranged in the rectangular groove, and two ends of each three-quarter round branch are connected to the first radiation patch through two I-shaped branches; the first radiation patch is provided with an inverted U-shaped groove along the periphery;
an annular groove is formed in the center of the second radiation patch.
2. The method for designing a high-gain dual-patch circularly polarized filter antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps in sequence:
(1) An initial double-patch antenna model, namely a first Ant model, is established, the first Ant model consists of a first medium substrate and a second medium substrate, a first radiation patch is arranged on the first medium substrate, a second radiation patch is arranged on the second medium substrate, a rectangular groove is formed in the center position of the first radiation patch, three-quarter circular branches are arranged in the rectangular groove, and two ends of the three-quarter circular branches are connected to the first radiation patch through two I-shaped branches;
(2) A second radiation patch of the first Ant model is provided with an annular groove to form a second Ant model;
(3) Forming a third Ant model by forming an inverted U-shaped groove on the first radiation patch along the periphery on the basis of the first Ant model;
(4) Performing simulation optimization on the third Ant model, and analyzing antenna parameters;
(5) The principle of circular polarized radiation generation is explained by analyzing the antenna surface current of the circular polarized radiation frequency point;
(6) The principle of two radiation nulls generation is explained by analyzing the antenna surface current distribution at the radiation nulls.
CN202210779528.8A 2022-07-04 2022-07-04 High-gain double-patch circularly polarized filter antenna and design method Active CN114976621B (en)

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JP2013183388A (en) * 2012-03-03 2013-09-12 Kanazawa Inst Of Technology Microstrip antenna having circular polarization characteristics
JP2017195433A (en) * 2016-04-18 2017-10-26 株式会社Soken Multilayer antenna
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CN107834192A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-03-23 福州大学 A kind of inverted L-shaped minor matters loading broad-band circular polarisation slot antenna and terminal
CN210296624U (en) * 2019-06-21 2020-04-10 成都天锐星通科技有限公司 Circular polarization multiply wood antenna, antenna subarray and array antenna
WO2021238200A1 (en) * 2020-05-28 2021-12-02 广东小天才科技有限公司 Wearable device and positioning antenna thereof
CN111916905A (en) * 2020-07-27 2020-11-10 华南理工大学 Wearable dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna and wearable terminal equipment
CN114389042A (en) * 2022-01-17 2022-04-22 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 X-waveband low-profile wide-shaped antenna

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